Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! 重点知识归纳解析重点单词:
1. litter v.乱扔n.垃圾
2. bottom n.底部
3. coal n.煤
4. ugly adj.丑陋的
5. cost v.花费n.花费
6. wooden adj.木制的(wood n.木材)
7. plastic adj.塑料的n.塑料
8. method n.方法
9. cruel adj.残酷的
10. harmful adj.有害的(harm n.害处) 11. industry n.工业
12. law n.法律
13. afford v.承担得起
14. recycle v.回收利用
15. gate n.大门
16. bottle n.瓶子
17. president n. 负责人
18. work n.作品
19. metal n.金属
重点短语:
1.make a difference 起作用；有影响
2. take part in 参加
3. turn off 关掉
4. pay for 付费；付出代价
5. cut down 减少
6. lead to 导致
7. hear of 听说
8. cut off 切除
9. throw away 扔掉
10. put sth. to good use 好好利用
11. put … down 拆下
12. upside down 上下颠倒
13. bring back 恢复
重点句型:
1.We’re trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。
2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。
3. The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。
4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
5. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with
a little creativity.
不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
【重点讲练】
1. The air has become really polluted around here. 这儿的空气已经被污染了。
辨析：turn, get 与become
⑴ become多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。
He becomes a teacher.
⑵ get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是―渐渐变得‖，后常接形容词的比较级形式。
In winter the days get shorter.
⑶ turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。
Leaves turned brown in the mountains.
【小试牛刀】用turn, get 和become填空。
① Her mother ____ angry when she heard the news.
②It’s _____ darker and darker outside.
③ The milk has _____ bad.
2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为―减少‖；是―动词+副词‖结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。
You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words.
【拓展】
cut down 还可表示―砍倒‖的意思。
They cut down the big tree.
cut off 切断；切除
cut into 把……切成……
cut up 切碎
cut in 插队
【小试牛刀】单项选择
—Did you tell it to Jack?
—Yes, but we were ____ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
A. cut down
B. cut off
C. cut up
D. cut into
3. It’s good for heal th and it doesn’t cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。辨析：spend, cost, take, pay
花费主语表示的内容
spend 人宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
cost 物或事后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于―花费‖的代价。take 事或人它说明事情完成―花费了……‖。
pay 人意思是―支付‖，作为及物动词，宾语可以是―人‖、―钱‖
pay for 人宾语为―物‖、―事‖，for表示支付的原因
【小试牛刀】单项选择
1. —Do you take exercise every day?—Yes. I always _______thirty minutes after supper.
A. spend
B. cost
C. take
D. pay
2. I _________ $300 for the bike.
A. took
B. spent
C. cost
D. paid
4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
harmful 形容词，意为―有害的‖。常构成短语be harmful to ―对……有害的‖。
Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
【拓展】
harm 名词，意为―害处‖。常用构成短语do harm to ―对……有害‖，相当于be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health.
= Too much smoking is harmful to his health.
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.
Reading in the sun ______ _______ _______ our eyes.
5. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project?
你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？辨析：join, join in 和take part in
join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
join in 加入一种具体活动。
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
Will you join us in the discussion?
She joined the Young Pioneers.
Why didn't you join in the talk last night?
Did you take part in the sports meet?
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1. —Have you _____ a club?
—Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often _____ the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in
B. joined; join
C. taken part in; join
D. taken part in; join in
2. —We’re going for a picnic. Would you like to____ us?
—Why not? Let’s go!
A. attend
B. join
C. join in
D. take part in
6. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。
⑴ afford是动词，意为―买得起,担负得起‖，通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句中。
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket.
⑵ afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _____to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities.
A. afford
B. allow
C. remind
D. pay
7. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
【辨析】be made + 介词
be made of ―某物由……制造而成‖（从制成品中可以看出原材料）
be made from ―某物由……制造而成‖（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出
原材料）。
be made in ―某物由某地制造‖
be made by ―某物由某个人或集体制造而成‖，其中介词by用来强调动作的
执行者。
be made into 某种原料制成某物
be made up of 某物由……组成或构成
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Books are made _____ paper and paper is made _____ wood.
A. from, of
B. of, from
C. in, from
D. from, in
8. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to
life with a little creativity.
不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
―not only … but also …‖是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于―both … and …‖。
使用not only … but also … 时须注意的几点：
⑴ not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：
They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly.
⑵ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：
Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time.
⑶谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：
Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。
⑷ not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：
Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ___ good at drawing.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. was
9. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？
辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do
⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…现在分词doing表被动―需要被做‖，相当于need to be done。
My watch needs repairing.
=My watch needs to be repaired.
⑵ need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early.
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. to be repair
10. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？
cause用作动词，当―引起，造成，使得‖讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。
He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents.
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
It caused him lots of worries.
It caused lots of worries ____ him.
专题复习
【语法点拨】
本单元复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。
现在进行时
（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。
（2）基本结构：
主语+ be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）
（3）基本用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
现在完成时
（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。
（2）基本结构：主语+ have / has + 过去分词
（3）基本用法：
①表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
③表示一种―经历或体验‖，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式：have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为―可能‖、―应当‖、―必要‖等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。
used to 结构
used to意为―过去常常做某事‖，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主语＋didn't use．．。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used ＋主语＋to sth．？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）n't to。
He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。
【实战演练】
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _________ (be) a teacher.
2. We should _________ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom ___________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees ____________ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He ___________ (live) here for 20 years.
II. 单项选择。
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t a rrive
B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving
D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one o f the greatest writers in China, ___ as ―People’s Writer‖.
A. is regarded
B. has regarded
C. is regarding
D. regards
3. —Where is Tom? —He ______ in his room.
A. is reading
B. reads
C. read
D. was reading
4. —May I go out now, Dad?— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can
B. may
C. need
D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
【写作演练】
★话题导入
本单元以―谈论污染和环境保护‖为话题，围绕这一话题谈论人们在日常生活中应该如何保护环境。这也是单元测试和中考等试题中常考的话题作文之一。
【习作在线】
【2013辽宁锦州】
保护人类共同的家园—地球是每个人的责任和义务。我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自己的贡献。根据表格内容，谈一谈曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力，将来还打算如何去做。
要求：1. 词数不少于50词；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 意思连贯，条理清晰，适当发挥。
turn off the lights when you leave a room
turn off the shower while washing hair
stop using paper napkins
take your own bags when shopping
stop riding in cars
ride a bike
recycle books and paper
It’s our duty to protect the earth. I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. While I am washing my hair, I usually turn off the shower. Besides, if I want to shop, I always take my own bags instead of using plastic bags. I have decided to do more things to protect our earth, such as recycling books and paper and stopping riding in cars.
一、单项选择（15分）
1. –How do they deal with the dangerous building?
--The building_____ now.
A. is building pulled down
B. pulled down
C. is being set up
D. set up
2.—How do you think of the book?
--It is suitable_____ children to read because it is full of pictures and educational words.
A. to
B. at
C. for
D. with
3. We can help to educate the public _____ the environment.【4】
A. about caring for
B. of caring for
C. about taking care
D. of looking after
4. –Have you ever ____ Jin Yong?
--Of course, a very famous writer, and he once studied in Quzhou.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. heard of
D. heard from
5. –How outing Rita is! --So she I, But she ____ very shy.
A. wasn’t
B. is
C. used to be
D. has become
6. I ______ an expensive gift for my birthday, but I could no _____ it.
A. accepted; received
B. received; accept
C. accepted; receive
D. accepted; received
7. The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers ______.
A. long
B. tall
C. wide
D. high
8. –Were you at home 7 o’clock last night?
--Yes, I _____ a shower at that time.
A. took
B. was taking
C. was taken
D. an taking
9. ______ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs ____ in some areas of the world.
A. Many million; have been living
B. Million; had lived
C. Several millions of; are alive
D. Millions; had lived
10. –Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it ____ pure wool?
--Yes, and it’s _____ Inner Mongolia.
A. made by; made in
B. made of; made by
C. made of; made in
D. made from; made from
11. I am waiting for my mom. ______ , I’ll go shopping with her.
A. If she doesn’t come
B. If she comes
C. If she will come
D. If she won’t come
12. –Help yourself to more fish. --______. I’ve had enough.【】
A. All right
B. It doesn’t matter
C. No, thanks
D. The same to you
13. –It’s raining, Daisy. Please _____ an umbrella with you.
--Thanks. I’ll return it to you when I _____ next week.
A. take; come
B. take; will come
C. bring; come
D. bring; will come
14. –Dad, why should I stop ______ computer games?
--For your health, my boy, I’m afraid you _____.
A. to play; must
B. playing; have to
C. to play; can
D. playing; may
15. –Jim wants to take part in the torch relay (火炬接力) of the 2012 Olympic Games.
--________.
A. So I do
B. So do I
C. Neither do I
D. Nor do I
二、完形填空（10分）
I like all kinds of chocolate, especially bitter chocolate. So when Mother had bought on e, I couldn’t help thinking about
1 .
I was helping Father in the yard when suddenly I got an idea. I could cut a piece 2 that chocolate without anyone
knowing it.
I waited 3 Mother went outside feeding the chickens. Then I told Father I wanted to go for a drink of water. I went into the room and got the 4 down. Just when I had the knife ready to cut, I heard Mother coming. So I had to put the chocolate 5 into my shirt,
went to my mom and 6 the chocolate there. And then I went back to 7 Father.
All the rest of the afternoon, I didn’t dare to look at Father. Every time he spoke, it made me jump. My hands began shaking and my heart started 8 fast. I didn’t want the chocolate any more. I 9 wanted to get a chance to put it back.
Have you ever had a similar 10 ?
( ) 1. A. him B. her C. it D. this
( ) 2. A. off B. into C. on D. along
( ) 3. A. while B. after C. since D. until
( ) 4. A. water B. chocolate C. chicken D. shirt
( ) 5. A. silently B. easily C. slowly D. quickly
( ) 6. A. hid B. ate C. held D. returned
( ) 7. A. tell B. help C. find D. call
( ) 8. A. falling B. breaking C. beating D. jumping
( )9. A. still B. hardly C. just D. never
( ) 10. A. experience B. excuse C. mistake D. moment
三、阅读理解（30分）
A
When the Audet family turns on the lights at Blue Farm, they are using electricity that comes from cows—cow manure (粪肥), to be specific.
Cows produce a lot of wastes. One cow can create 30 gallons of wastes each day. Now imagine the output of over
1,000 cows at Blue Farm. That’s really a big amount.
When farmers clean their barns, they put the wastes in a big heap, and spread some of them on their fields for fertilizer(肥料). But now places like Blue Spruce Farm have a new way of using cow wastes. They use them to produce electricity.1
Here’s how it works: A big machine moves back and forth cleaning the barn floor. ―The cows aren’t bothered,‖ says Marie Audet. ―They are animals of habit; they get used to it, and just lift one foot an d then another to let it go by.‖ The machine pushes the manure into a big 600-gallon tank like a small swimming pool. The tank is called a digester (化粪池) because what happens there is just like what happens inside a cow: Bacteria(细菌) get to work and continue to digest the manure.
Methane gas (甲烷、沼气)in the atmosphere is known as a ―greenhouse‖ gas because it keeps heat just like a
greenhouse does, causing our planet to warm up. That’s an environmental concern. But the digester has a good result. Its gas is kept and used to power electric generators (发电机).
At Blue Farm, the generators make enough electricity to power 400 homes. The Audet family sells the extra electricity they can’t use themselves.
1. We learn from the text that the Audet family is using cow wastes to ______.
A. make electricity
B. produce fertilizer
C. build their farm
D. feed the cows
2. How are the cow wastes collected into the digester at Blue Farm?
A. Marie Audet does the work
B. The job is done by machine
C. The cows lift the cow wastes
D. Bacteria get to work on them
3. According to the passage, which of the following is changed into electricity?
A. The power of moving water.
B. The heat of burning coal.
C. The power of sunlight.
D. The heat of the methane gas
4. The new way of using cow wastes at Blue Farm might be best described as ______.
A. reducing
B. saving
C. recycling
D. changing
5. What is the main purpose for writing the passage?
A. To introduce a new way of making electricity
B. To explain how a new energy works better
C. To show a new rebuilding plan for a big farm
D. To explain the reasons for green house effect
书面表达。(15分)
以“Saving Tigers ”为题，写一篇80词左右的征文稿。
要点：1.老虎是人们在动物园里最喜欢观看的动物之一；
2. 现在世界上仅存大约3,200只老虎，数目日趋减少；
3. 老虎处境危险的原因；
4. 保护老虎的建议。
注意：1.包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、意思连贯；
2. 第3、第4要点的内容须用5至6句话展开合理想象，作适当发挥。