湖南师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
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Part L Listening Comprehension ( 25％)
Section A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will he read only once. As you listen to the passage, fill in the blanks with the words you hear. After the passage, there will be a 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.
A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students (1)
____the learning of English vocabulary. The results were urprising. I'll (2) ____three of them.
firstly, most of the stcrdeaats think that (3) ____every word ill English has just one meaning. This is, of course:, completely (4) ____to the facts. A glance at any English dictionary will show this. The student will (5) ____find seven or eight meanings listed for (6) ____simple' words.
Why, then, have these students made such a mistake:' One reason irnay be that they're .ill (7) ____. students. Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning, and one meaning only. Another reason., of course,could be the way in Which these Student, Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English. (M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-, on the other sloe, a single \ti'ord in the (Q) native language.
'l°he second attitude that (10) ____from the findings is
equally mistaken. (11) ____all the students think that every word in English has an exact (12)
____equivalent. Again, this is far from the trijth. Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a (13) ____in the student's native languial c. "there are other (l4) ____ill translation which we won't mention
here. (:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation (15) ____is completely false. Translation machines, which tried to work on this (16) ____
failed completely.
The third result'of the investigation showed another (17) ____in the students' thinking. They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word, they're in a (18) ____to use it correctly. This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly (19) ____for English. The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means. Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.
What, then, is the best way to increase one's vocabulary? This can be answered in three
words-observation, (20) ____and repetition.
Section B: Multiple Choice
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.
21. A) It had no efFect on living cells. 13) It had effects on living cells. C) It had effects only on children.
I)) It had effects only on adults.
22. A) An increasing number of cancers in children.
I3) A link between an electric current and the energy fold.
C) A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.
1)) A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.
23. A) 446. 13) 464. C ) 223. 1))234.
24. A) Because he doesn't have enough evidence.
R) Because other scientists have not studied his results yet. C.) Because he discovered no
direct link between disease and electricity.
D) Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet been
proved.
25. A) Health and environment.
B) Electric current and the energy field. C) Electricity and cancer.
D) Electrical workers and cancer.
Section C: Question and Answer
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard. Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
26. Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?
27. Why do many small town doctors work long hours? 28. What is the growing problem in the
United States? 29. How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979?
30. Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€ 5,000 dollar to?
Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%),
Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and this
is____
A) refused B) discouraged
C) denied D) forbidden
32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____
A) whirl B) shift
C) shiver D) shake
33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English to
more than 500 non-English majors.
A) inclined B) hesitated
C) afforded D) undertaken
34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.
A) betray B) conceal
C) disclose D) renew
35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____
A) philosophy B) idealism
C) morality D) personality
36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.
A) approach B) solution
C) manner D) road
37. To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.
A) custom B) confidence
C) security D) simplicity
38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.
A) glimmering B)glittering
C) flaming D) blazing
39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.
A) destroyed B) collapsed
C) corroded D) ruined
40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!"
A) contemptible B) amusing
C) contagious D) contemptuous
41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument.
A) impervious B) imperceptible
C) impassable D) blunt
42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to be
A) inquisitive B) impatient
C) acquisitive D) informative
43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:
A) hovered B) lurched
C) wavered D) fluctuated
44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claim
A} legitimate B) legible
C) intimate D) legislative
45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word ' stile'.
A) equivalent B) copy
C) counterpart D) meaning
46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.
A) distributed B) attributed
C) granted D) contributed
47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.
A) sustained B) maintained
C) retained D) entertained
48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.
A) extended B) expanded
C) expended D) awarded
49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.
A) amiable B) amicable
C) inimical D) unfriendly
50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.
A) generous B) humble
C) proud D) bold
51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.
A) intensive B) extensive
C) expansive D) retentive
52. After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10,
A) entailed B) deserved
C) entitled D) satisfied
53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.
A) emigrate B) leave
C) abandon D) immigrate
54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered Mount
Everest.
A) mission B) invasion
C) experiment D) expedition
55. It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.
A) submit B) break
C) say D) proclaim
56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.
A) discerned B) distinguished
C) discriminated D) extinguished
57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.
A) inclined B) declined
C) denied D) disinclined
58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..
A) accused B) prosecuted
C) charged D) arrested
59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.
A) prevalent B) relevant
C) consistent D) coincident
60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily.
A) delicate B) gloomy
C) energetic D) confident
61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.
A) designed B) drawn
C) marked D) stained
62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress.
A) obstacle B) brake
C) break D) block
63. There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.
A) decreases B) subtractions
C) reductions D) accounts
64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his pain
will often disappear.
A) assumed B) assured
C) informed D) proved
65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision.
A} genuine.B) negative
C) negligible D) condensed
66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.
A）entrusted B) committed
C)consigned D) assigned
67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.
A) complain B) blame
C) mistake D) fault
68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go, so the game looked completely____
A) irresistible B) irremissible
C} irreplaceable D) irretrievable
69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timed
with the plane's take-off.
A) spontaneously B) instantaneously
C} simultaneously D) conscientiously
70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.
A) encounter B) highlight
C} testify D) identify
Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word `More?'
The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
`Oh, yes: That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language' in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.
A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary?' and `Who does Mary love?' mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.
71. The dolphin leapt into the air because
A) Sagan had turned his back
B) it was part of the game they were playing
C) he wanted Sagan to scratch him again
D) Sagan wanted him to do this
72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done, the director