英语语法篇之动词不定式
动词不定式用法灵活多样;尽管有些动词或短语后面既可以接to do 又可以接doing ，但只要用心观察，发现还是可以找到规律的。与其说是动词不
定式，到还不如说是动词“定式”。因为我们可以大体上把它分为三类形式,即: do / to do / doing
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语,是非谓语形式
的一种。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、
宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有
动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的
基本（肯定）形式是to+do，有时可以不带to;
其否定形式是not to+do。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如：To see is to believe.
但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如：It's wrong to play tricks on other people.
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中，it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语
常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要等。Ask(请求）, beg（乞求), leave, like, love, hate(讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, order（命令）, teach, （教）tell,（告诉）believe（相信）, find,（找出）know,（知道）want,（想要）think,（认为）understand,（明白）
a.want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如：We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor.
b.love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
贴士：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。
如：I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳，但我现在不
想游。
c.stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
贴士：
1)stop to do sth.：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
2)stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事。
例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking;when he came out，the students stopped to talk.
当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。自己思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名
词用法的区别(后续详情见最后的“动名词与不定式的区别”)
remember to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing 继续做原来在做的事d.在find/feel/think+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语
是后面的动词不定式。
如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.
I feel it easy to recite the text.
规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾
语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上stop例句。
3.作宾语补足语
a.tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
如：I tell him not to go there by bus .
Edison's mother taught him to read and write.
b.let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
I heard her sing in the next room.
贴士：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。
如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.
She was heard to sing in the next room.
4.作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
如：I have a lot of work to do.
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.
规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
贴士：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。
如：I have a small bedroom to live in.
Have you got some pens to write with?
5.表语：放在连系动词be后面
例句：His wish is to become a scientist.
The first important thing is to save the soldiers'lives.
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说
明。
6.作状语
a.目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。
如：I come to see you.
He runs fast in order to get there in time.
b.原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。
如：I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.
c.作结果状语。
如：Some of the apples are hard to reach.
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
7.与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如：I don't know what to do next.(宾语)
He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)
It's still a question how to get there.(主语)
后面跟动词不定式的动词口诀有：
三个希望两答应（wish hope want promis agree)
两个要求莫拒绝（ask beg refuse )
想要明白跟知道（would like understand know )
教会告诉要相信（teach tell believe )
找出爱恨区别点（find love hate )
8、（1）“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out 等的宾语。
eg: I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。
（2）“疑问词+ 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
eg: She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到
耳机。
9、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。
10、不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：
（1）It’s + 形容词+ for / of + sb + to do sth. 当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.
孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）
（2）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。
这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
It was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）
11、感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to后面直接跟动词原形, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等
感官动词后既可跟动词原形作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。
Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）
12、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.
eg: It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.
昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.
It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.
吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.
*用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人+ 一段时间+ to do sth.
一段时间形式往往为:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时,
two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等
不定式的时态和语态
时态语态主动被动
一般式to do to be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时
发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
Eg: He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.
我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Eg:I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
Eg:He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
Eg:She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
接不定式或动名词，意义相同。动名词与不定式语义不同的有几组：try to do try doing
interested to do interested doing
mean to do mean doing
begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
用作介词的to
to 有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认，confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意
不定式的特殊句型——too…to
1）too…to太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all
the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend.(谚语) 改过不嫌晚。
3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常…等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
不定式的特殊句型——so as to
1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2)so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
不定式的特殊句型——Why not
"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?
一般将来时
1、要求学生掌握一般将来时的用法、结构及句式的变化（肯定、否定、
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及相关的肯定、否定的回答）
2、能够应用will , be going to ,want to do 会话。
3、简述：Greeting:
(1).T: Are you happy today? Ss: I ……..
sunny.
(2)T: What’ｓ the weather like today? Ss: It’ｓ
(3)What’s the weather like tomorrow? Will it be still sunny?
It’s will be sunny tomorrow.
*标志词： will、be going to
*主语+be going to +动词原形主语+will +动词原形
be going to与will的意义相同
Will的缩写形式：I will= I’ll I will not=I won’t
He will not= He won’t
一般将来时结构：主+will +动原句式：
陈述句：I will play football next week (引出特殊疑问句)
否定句：I won’t play football next week.
一般疑问句：Will you play football next week?
肯否回答：Yes, I will / No, I won’t.
特殊疑问句：What will you do next week?
知识点讲解
知识点1：一般将来时的概念：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，
事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。
如： Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
知识点2：一般将来时的时间状语：常与表示将来的时间状语
如：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow , next day（week，month，year…),this evening (weekend ..), in the future ,the day after tomorrow ,
By…， soon ，from now on ，in+一段时间，one day, someday（未来的）某天等连用。
如：I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week. 下周我要参观上海。 I hope you won’t be late next time. 我希望你下次不会迟到。
知识点3：一般将来时的基本结构结构
英语一般将来时的含义、结构、用法 一、一般将来时的含义 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。 二、一般将来时的基本结构 1. will/shall+动词原形 will 在陈述句中用于各种人称；shall用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。 否定式：will not=won't；shall not=shan't 一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？ I will/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。 —Will he help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗？ —Yes, he will./No, he won't. 是的，他会。/不，他不会。—When will you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国？—Tomorrow. 明天。 2. am/is/are going to +动词原形 否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形 一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。 Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？ What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？ 三、一般将来时的用法 will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。 1. will主要用于在以下三个方面： （1）表示主观意愿的将来。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去厂参观工厂。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 （2）表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。
初中英语语法-一般将来时经典版(附答案)
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一般将来时 一. 一般将来时的定义:表示将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。 二.一般将来时的标志： tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天) next year(明年) next month(下一个月) next week(下一个星期) 三.一般将来时的构成: 1.主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+...... 例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我将要踢足球. (2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一场电影. 2.主语+will/shall+动词原形+..... 说明:(1).will/shall有时可以和be going to 互换; (2).will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I,we. (3).will和shall的后面接动词原形) 例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next month.(I will=I'll)下个月我将要去北京. (2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你将要来看我. (3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她将要读英语. 四.句一般将来时的式: 1.肯定句: (1)..主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+...... (2)..主语+will/shall+动词原形+..... 例句和上面一样,就不举了. 2.否定句: (1)..主语+be(am,is,are) not going to+动词原形+...... 例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球. (B). She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year. 明年她不将参观上海. (2)..主语+will/shall not+动词原形+..... (A). I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。后天我不将上学了 (B). I will not write my homework this evening.(will notl=I won't) 今晚我不将写作业 (C). She will not see a movie next week.(will not=won't) 下个星期她将不看一场电影. 3.一般疑问句: (A).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+.... 例如(A). --Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow?
一、单项选择 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine ( ) 15. - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn't. B. they won't. C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
小学英语语法:一般现在时讲解 一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如：Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句? 如：What do you often do after school ? 当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如：He swims well. 否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句? 如：How does your father go to work? 三.第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式) (1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs……. (2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记！ （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！ 瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！ （三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法： remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做） remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事） try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
英语语法一般将来时归纳总结 一、单项选择一般将来时 1．I ________ for Beijing next Saturday. Do you know when the earliest plane ________ on Ssturday? A．am leaving；takes off B．leave；takes off C．leave; is taking off D．am leaving; is taking off 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题。Arrive，leave，go等瞬间性动词用一般现在时表示将来时态。一般现在时态中，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加s。句意：我下个星期六将要离开去北京。你知道星期六最早的航班是什么时候的吗？故选A。 考点：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题 2．--I have you asked John to come to the party this evening？ --Yes，I have，but he＿＿＿＿ A．doesn't B．hasn't C．hadn't D．won't 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：此处doesn't 表示一般现在时； hasn't 现在完成时；hadn't 过去完成时； won't 一般将来时，意为：不愿，表意愿。句意：—我让你请求John来参加今晚是聚会？—是的，我请了，但他不愿意来。根据句意选D。 考点：考查动词时态。 3． Turn on CCTV news and we ________how happy our life is. But there is no denying that over the past decades, the cost of living ________ sharply. A．are seeing; had increased B．will see；has been increasing C．see; increased D．have seen; is increasing 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词时态。前句是固定句型“祈使句，and+句子（一般用将来时）”，而时间状语over the past decades是现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态的标志，所以B选项正确。句意：打开中央新闻联播我们就会看到我们的生活是多么的幸福。但是不能否认在过去的几十年里，生活费用一直在急剧上涨。 考点：考查动词时态。 4．Japan’s economy _______ in the past twenty years. No one knows how long it ______ before it regains its increase. A．has been declining; will be B．has declined; would be C．had been in decline; would take D．was on the decline; will take
一般将来时 一般将来时检测习题 一、单选题： ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要
一般将来时 一. 一般将来时的定义:表示将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。 二.一般将来时的标志： tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天) next year(明年) next month(下一个月) next week(下一个星期) 三.一般将来时的构成: 1.主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+...... 例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我将要踢足球. (2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一场电影. 2.主语+will/shall+动词原形+..... 说明:(1).will/shall有时可以和be going to 互换; (2).will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I,we. (3).will和shall的后面接动词原形) 例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next month.(I will=I'll)下个月我将要去北京. (2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你将要来看我. (3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她将要读英语. 四.句一般将来时的式: 1.肯定句: (1)..主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+...... (2)..主语+will/shall+动词原形+..... 例句和上面一样,就不举了. 2.否定句: (1)..主语+be(am,is,are) not going to+动词原形+...... 例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球. (B). She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year. 明年她不将参观上海. (2)..主语+will/shall not+动词原形+..... (A). I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。后天我不将上学了 (B). I will not write my homework this evening.(will notl=I won't) 今晚我不将写作业 (C). She will not see a movie next week.(will not=won't) 下个星期她将不看一场电影. 3.一般疑问句: (A).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+.... 例如(A). --Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow? 明天我将去看我的爷爷吗? --Yes,you are.
【英语】英语语法一般将来时归纳总结 一、单项选择一般将来时 1． -- How many people are expected to come to your party tomorrow afternoon? -- I send out thirty invitations but one third _____. A．didn’t show up B．won’t show up C．hadn’t showed up D．doesn’t show up 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。根据语境及时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知用一般将来时。句意：——期望有多少人来参加你明天的宴会？——我送出了30份邀请，但三分之一将不会出现。故B正确。 考点：考查时态 2．Half the world’s population ______ water shortages within 15 years according to the World Bank, just one of many recent alarming reports on the world’s fresh wate r supply. A．are suffering B．have been suffered C．will suffer D．were suffered 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：根据时间状语within 15 years，故用一般将来时。 考点：时态考查题 点评：通过时间状语，上下句意思和具体语境来确定时态。 3．As your spoken English gets better, so ___ your written English. A．will B．do C．is D．has 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查倒装句和时态：第一空是倒装句的肯定形式：So + 助动词/情态动词/be动词+ 主语，表示“主语和前面句子的主语一样，做同样的事”，解释为“主语也……。”第二个点考查主将从现，所以助动词要使用will/shall。句意：随着你英语口语的好转，你的书面语也会好起来的。选A。 考点：考查倒装句和时态 4． - Will you be available at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon? - No. I ______ a lecture then. A．are attending B．will have attended C．will attend D．will be attending 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。题意：“明天下午3点你有空吗？”“没空。我要听一个报告。”答句说的是未来某个时间点正在进行的动作，所以要用将来进行时态。D项正确。
English语法之不定式及名词后加动词不定式 在English语法中，动词不定式是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。基本形式是to+动词原形，部分词和词组不带to也表达不定式。之所以叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定、或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词，即不能单独作谓语。但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性，也可以理解此类动词形式为不定式状态的动词。动词不定式及其短语有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出,这一使动者称之为逻辑主语。 动词不定式可以作多种句子成分。 在外语学习的课程中，"动不式"的一般现在时被称作“词典用词”，因为它一般被用作词典中该动词的词头。 对于英语来说接不定式的单词多为“打算”“计划”“希望”“将要”等表示未来的动词。同样与不定时表示不同的动词不定式表示正在进行，一般性或经常发生性的行为。 A.不带to的不定式有四种情况： 1、1、let, make, have等使役动词后。 例如： Let us go!出发 The boss made the child labors work the whole night.老板逼迫童工整夜 劳作 注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to. 例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。
例如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家 3、w hy…/w hy not…后。 例如：Why not have a happy rest on Sunday? 不定式的否定式是not to do.. / never to do..，不带to的不定式的否定式是not do.../ never do.. 例如：His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.他的父母告诉他酒后严禁驾驶 4.感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice等后作宾语补足语。 例如: I saw her dance.我看到她在舞 除以上四种情况之外，都不得省略to B. 动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for sb. to do sth. / of sb. to do sth.” for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。 例如：
语法专项练习-----------一般将来时will 一、一般将来时的定义： 一般将来时表示在将来时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，与表示将来的时间连用。 tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等 如：She will visit Shanghai tomorrow. 二、一般将来时的构成主语+shall/will do ★shall与will的区别 shall：常用于第一人称否定式:shall not=shan’t will:常用于第二、第三人称，但在口语中各种人常都可以用will否定式：will not=won’t 三、一般将来时的用法 主语+shall/will+do这种结构不是表示自己的打算、意图或计划，而是表示未来的事实或对将来的预测等如： No one will do heavy work. Roberts will do everything for us. 一般将来时的构成 肯定句：主语+shall/will+do 否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成won’t） 一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do？ 选择题 1. We________good grade(取得好分数)next time. A.get B.will get C.going to get D.will gets 2. They________models the day after tomorrow. A.will be going to make B.will going to make C.are going to make D.will made 3. Mother________me a nice present（好的礼物）on my next birthday. A.will gives B.will give C.gives D.give 4. He________go to the park tomorrow morning. A.will B.is C.will be D.be 5. The dogs will_______at the garden. A.play B.plays C.playing D.playing 6. My mother_______shopping tomorrow. A.will goes B.will going C.willn’t go D.won’t go 7. The next time you see Niko,he_____sixteen years old. A.will be B.is C.was D.will 8. In ten years,John_______an astronaut.
一般将来时英语语法--牛津英语7b 作者：admin教案来源：本站原创点击数：159 更新时间：2010-6-4 一般将来时的动词形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。（或“be going to + 动词原形）常与tomorrow, next… , in （the）future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。 如：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如明天下雨我就不来。 My father will leave for China next week.我的爸爸下星期要到中国去。 ”I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …“是简缩形式。 二。一般将来时的句型 1.肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份 The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。 They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他们将要去购物。 We shall have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我们将美餐一顿。 We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。 2.否定句：主语+shall /will+not+动词+其他成份 She won't come back this week.这一周她不回来了。 I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小时之后我不会去购物。 He won't play football with you before he finishes his work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。 3.疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗？ Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？ Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样？ 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪？ What sall I do?我怎么办呢？ How many books will they get? 他们将有多少本书？ 三。will, be going to …，be to…，be about to…的区别 1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to 和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。 It's going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.”be to+动词原形“表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。 Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？ The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。 3.”be about to+动词原形“表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结