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中学周末测试(六)

中学周末测试(六)
中学周末测试(六)

江苏省仪征中学高二物理周末练习(六)

命题人:付克文时间:10月31日

练习时间:90分钟满分:100分

一、单项选择题(每小题3分,共24分)

1.金属矩形线圈abcd 在匀强磁场中做如图所示的运动,线圈中有感应电流的是()

A B C D

2.如图所示电路中,r 是电源的内阻,R 1和R 2是外电路中的电阻,如果

用P r 、P 1和P 2分别表示电阻r 、R 1和R 2上所消耗的功率,当R 1=R 2=r

时,P r ∶P 1∶P 2等于()

A.1∶1∶1

B.2∶1∶1

C.1∶4∶4

D.4∶1∶1

3.图示是某导体的

I-U 图线,图中图像与横轴夹角α=45°,下列说法

正确的是()

A.导体的电阻与其两端的电压成正比

B.此导体的电阻R =2Ω

C.I -U 图线的斜率表示电阻的倒数,所以电阻R =cot45°=1.0Ω

D.在R 两端加6.0V 电压时,每秒通过电阻截面的电量是6.0C

4.如图所示,圆形线圈垂直放在匀强磁场里,第1秒内磁场方向指向纸里,如图(b ).若磁感应强度大小随时间变化的关系如图(a ),那么,下面关于线圈中感应电流的说法正确的是()

A.

在第1秒内感应电流增大,电流方向为逆时针B.

在第2秒内感应电流大小不变,电流方向为顺时针C.

在第3秒内感应电流减小,电流方向为顺时针D.在第4秒内感应电流大小不变,电流方向为顺时针

5.磁场中某区域的磁感线如图所示,则()

A.a、b两处的磁感应强度的大小不等,B a>B b

B.a、b两处的磁感应强度的大小不等,B a<B b

C.同一通电导线放在a处受力一定比放在b处受力大

D.同一通电导线放在a处受力一定比放在b处受力小

6.一线圈匝数为n=10匝,线圈电阻不计,在线圈外接一个阻值R=2.0Ω的电阻,如图甲所示.线圈内有垂直纸面向里的磁场,线圈内磁通量φ随时间t变化的规律如图乙所示.下列说法正确的是()

A.线圈中产生的感应电动势为10V

B.R两端电压为0.5V

C.a点电势高于b点电势

D.通过R的电流大小为2.5A

7.如图所示,两个大小不同的有绝缘层的金属

圆环叠放在水平桌面上,小圆环有一半面积在大圆环内.当大圆环通有顺时针方向电流的瞬间,不计一切摩擦,下列说法正确的是()

A.小圆环中无感应电流

B.小圆环中感应电流的方向是顺时针方向

C.小圆环将向着大圆环内运动

D.小圆环将向着远离大圆环的方向运动

8.质谱仪可用来分析同位素,也可以用来分析比质子重很多倍的离

子.现在用质谱仪来分析比质子重很多倍的离子,其示意图如图所示,

其中加速电压恒定.质子在入口处从静止开始被加速电场加速,经匀

强磁场偏转后从出口P离开磁场.若某种一价正离子在入口处从静

止开始被同一加速电场加速,为使它经匀强磁场偏转后仍从P点离

开磁场,需将磁感应强度增加到原来的11倍.此离子和质子的质量

之比为()

A.11

B.12

C.121

D.144

二、多项选择题(每小题4分,共16分.全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分)

9.电子以初速度v0垂直进入磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中,则()

A.磁场对电子的洛伦兹力不做功

B.磁场对电子的洛伦兹力大小、方向均恒定不变

C.电子的速度、加速度始终不变

D.电子的动能始终不变

10.如图所示,直导线AB、螺线管E、电磁铁D三者相距较远,

其磁场互不影响,当开关s闭合后,则小磁针北极(黑色一端)指示磁场方向正确的是() A.a B.b C.c D.d

11.如图所示,光滑绝缘轨道ABP竖直放置,其轨道末端切线水平,在其右侧有一正交的匀强电场、磁场区域,电场竖直向上,磁场垂直纸面向里.一

带电小球从轨道上的A点由静止滑下,经P点进入场区后,

恰好沿水平方向做直线运动.则可判定()

A.小球带正电

B.小球带负电

C.若小球从B点由静止滑下,进入场区后将立即向下偏

D.若小球从B点由静止滑下,进入场区后将立即向上偏

12.劳伦斯和利文斯设计出回旋加速器,工作原理示意图如右图所

示.置于高真空中的D形金属盒半径为R,两盒间的狭缝很小,带

电粒子穿过的时间可忽略.磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场与盒面垂直,

高频交流电频率为f,加速电压为U.若A处粒子源产生的质子在加

速器中被加速,且加速过程中不考虑相对论效应和重力的影响.则

下列说法正确的是()

A.质子被加速后的最大速度不可能超过2πRf

B.质子离开回旋加速器时的最大动能与加速电压U无关

C.质子第2次和第1次经过两D形盒间狭缝后轨道半径之比为

D.不改变磁感应强度B和交流电频率f,该回旋加速器也能加速粒子

三、简答题:(本题共3小题,共18分)

13.(4分)如图甲,是一个简易的多用电表简化电路图,作为电压

表使用时,选择开关应接;作为欧姆表使用时,选择开关应

接(选填“1”、“2”或“3”);使用时,电流一定从端流

入多用电表(选填“A”或“B”).

14.(4分)某照明电路出现故障,其电路如图1所示,该电路用标称值12V的蓄电池为电源,导线及其接触完好.维修人员使用已调好的多用表直流50V挡检测故障.他将黑表笔接在c点,用红表笔分别探测电路的a、b点.

①断开开关,红表笔接a点时多用表指示如图2所示,读数为V,说明正常(选填:蓄电池、保险丝、开关、小灯).

②红表笔接b点,断开开关时,表针不偏转,闭合开关后,多用表指示仍然和题6图2相同,可判定发生故障的器件是(选填:蓄电池、保险丝、开关、小灯)

15.(10分)某实验小组用下列器材测定干电池的电动势和内阻:灵敏电流计(内阻约为50Ω);电压表?(0~3V,内阻约为100kΩ);电阻箱R1(0~9999Ω);滑动变阻器R2(0~100Ω,1.5A);旧干电池一节;开关、导线若干.

(1)先测灵敏电流计的内阻,电路如图甲所示,测得电压表示数为2V,灵敏电流计示数为4mA,电阻箱R1的读数为455Ω,则灵敏电流计内阻为_____Ω.

(2)为将灵敏电流计的量程扩大为原来的10倍,该实验小组将电阻箱与灵敏电流计并联,则应将电阻箱R1的阻值调为_____Ω.

(3)用电压表和改装后的灵敏电流计测干电池的电动势和内阻,实验小组设计了如图乙所示的a、b两种电路,则能够比较准确地完成实验的电路图为_____.(填“a”或“b”)(4)根据选择好的电路,调节滑动变阻器读出了几组电压表和灵敏电流计的示数,并作出U﹣I G图象如图丙所示.由作出的U﹣I G图线求得干电池的电动势E=_____V,内阻

r=_____Ω.

四、计算题:(本题共4小题,共42分.解答时写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位)16.(9分)如图所示,已知电源电动势E=20V,内阻r=lΩ,当接入固定电阻R=3Ω时,电路中标有“3V,6W”的灯泡L和内阻R D=1Ω的小型直流电动机D都恰能正常工作.试求:(1)流过灯泡的电流

(2)固定电阻的发热功率

(3)电动机输出的机械功率

17.(9分)如图所示,MN 、PQ 是两条彼此平行的金属导轨,水平放置,匀强磁场的磁感线垂直导轨平面.导轨左端连接一阻值R=2Ω的电阻,电阻两端并联一电压表V ,在导轨上垂直导轨跨接一质量为0.1kg 的金属棒ab ,ab 与导轨间动摩擦因数μ=0.5,导轨和金属棒ab 的电阻均不计.现用恒力F=0.7N 水平向右拉ab 运动,当ab 开始匀速运动时,电压表V 的示数为0.4V .g 取10m/s 2

(1)在图上标明ab 运动时的电流方向;

(2)求ab 匀速运动时的速度大小

(3)求ab 匀速运动时电阻R 的电功率及恒力F 做功的功率

18.(10分)如图,两平行金属导轨间距离0.40L m =,导轨和水平面的夹角是θ,导轨所在的平面内分布着磁感应强度0.50B =的匀强磁场,金属导轨的一端接有电动势4.5E V =、内阻0.50Ωr =的直流电源,现把一个质量0.04m kg =的导体棒ab 放在金属导轨上,导体棒始终静止,导体棒与金属导轨垂直且接触良好,导体棒与金属导轨接触的两点间的电阻0 2.5ΩR =,导轨电阻不计,g 取10m/s 2.

(1)求通过导体棒的电流;

(2)若导轨光滑,磁场方向竖直向上,求导体棒受到的安培力

大小及θ的大小;

(3)导轨和水平面的夹角保持(2)中所求大小,若导轨粗糙,

磁场方向垂直导轨平面向上,求导体棒受到的摩擦力的大小和方向

19.(14分)如图甲所示,竖直挡板MN左侧空间有方向竖直向上的匀强电场和垂直纸面向里的水平匀强磁场,电场和磁场的范围足够大,电场强度E=40N/C,磁感应强度B随时间t变化的关系图象如图乙所示(磁场垂直纸面向里为正方向).t=0时刻,一质量m=8×10﹣4kg、电荷量q=+2×10﹣4C的微粒在O点具有竖直向下的速度v=0.12m/s,O’是挡板MN 上一点,直线OO'与挡板MN垂直,取重力加速度g=10m/s2.求:

(1)若微粒的运动时间大于一个B变化的周期,在图上画出(0﹣20π)s内微粒的运动轨迹

(2)微粒再次经过直线OO'时与O点的距离;

(3)微粒在运动过程中离开直线OO’的最大高度;

(4)水平移动挡板使微粒能垂直射到挡板上,挡板与O点间的距离应满足的条件

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