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科技英语论文实用写作学习心得第一篇：科技英语论文实用写作学习心得科技英语论文写作学习心得作为一名刚刚步入科研工作的学生，深切的感触到，科研的进步在于科研工作之间交流，讨论，阅读。
而面对全球众多的科研工作者来说，本领域学者之间的交流，最多的形式不过于是以文字形式进行传播的科研文章，各个国家学者的文章是大家相互学习的最有效的途径。
那么面对不同种族，不同语言，文字的科研工作者来说，要想让更多的相关领域的人们读到自己的文章，对自己的研究成果进行审阅。
他们就需要用一种大家都可以看的懂的文字来将自己的文章展现在相关的科研平台上以供大家的查看和检索。
英语作为世界各国人们交流的一种流通语言，同样可以用来作为科研领域学术文章流通的工具。
那么如何写好一篇英文的科技论文，如何让那些非英语为母语和以英语为母语国家的科研人员可以读懂你的文章，不会对你所达的内容产生歧义，以达到科研学术结论供大家参考的目的，这其中的方式与技巧，必然与我们平常的英语写作形式，写作以及口语表达习惯有着很大的区别。
每一个科研学者都需要自己去阅读和学习，英文科技论文当中大家定性的相关规定与方法，从而了解到其他的科研学者是通过什么样的写作模式将自己的科研成果通过英文的方式让更多的人看到，了解并去传播的。
通过对研究生阶段的这门科技英语论文写作课程的学习，让我认识到虽然自己已经经历过从中学到大学的十多年的英文学习，对英文这门语言来说也算是有课一定的掌握，但面对科技论文的写作时发现其有着自己的一套详细而又独特的写作方法，面对这种新颖的写作特点，既觉得新奇有感觉到了有点难受，特别是当面对最后的大作业中文文献翻译成英文时候，深深的感受到其翻译中给我带来的艰难。
在课堂上，老师生动，幽默而又不失严厉的教学模式，对学生高标准，严要求，本着对学生负责的态度通过与学生互动对每一个知识点进行讲解，之后又通过在课堂上及时的实战练习，将学过的知识点直接进行应用练习，让学生很快就可以掌握其翻译要领，这样有条有理的教学方法，必然是一个有着多年教学经验的老教师才可以展现出来的风采。
![科技英语翻译文稿[五篇范例]](https://uimg.taocdn.com/32d96b2c78563c1ec5da50e2524de518964bd3d8.webp)
科技英语翻译文稿[五篇范例]第一篇：科技英语翻译文稿Wireless Network Accurately and Inexpensively MonitorsPatients' Breathing无线网络事实上是廉价地监控着病人的呼吸状况。
A couple years ago we saw wireless technology that would allow us to see through walls.Now,几年以前我们就可以看到无线网络可以让我们看到“墙外的东西”。
现在，来自犹他州州立thesame team of researchers, from the University of Utah, is putting that motion detection大学的同一个技术团队正在把移动式检测技术technology to work monitoring breathing patterns.So not only can the network see through your 运用到检测病人的呼吸状况上因此通过网络不仅可以远程观察病人的现状，它甚至可以听到bedroom wall, it can hear you breathing.Less sinisterly, the system could help doctors keep你的呼吸。
这个系统可以帮助医生更好的监控患者睡眠时的呼吸暂停事件，急救病人或婴儿 better track of patients with sleepapnea, surgery patients or babies at risk for sudden infant 的发生突然猝死危险性就变得更低了。
death syndrome.Team leader Neal Patwari demonstrated the system by lying in a hospital bed surrounded by这个团队的带头人尼尔帕特维尔躺在一家医院的病床上，周围布置了20个工作频率为2.4G 20 wireless transceivers operating at a frequency of 2.4 gigahertz.He timed his breathing to be赫兹的无线电收发器以演示这个监控系统的工作状况。
如何进行毕业论文的外文翻译与写作毕业论文的外文翻译和写作是研究生阶段的重要任务之一。
合理的研究方法和专业的写作技巧对于提高论文的质量和学术水平非常关键。
本文将介绍如何进行毕业论文的外文翻译与写作，以帮助学生顺利完成研究任务。
一、外文翻译1. 确定翻译目标：在开始翻译之前，必须明确翻译的目标语言是什么。
对于大部分中国学生而言，目标语言通常是中文。
确保自己熟练掌握外文的语法和词汇才能进行准确的翻译。
2. 分析文本结构：在翻译之前，要仔细分析外文文本的结构，了解作者的思路和论证方式。
将文本分段，并记录下每个段落的主题和核心内容，可以帮助翻译更加准确和有条理。
3. 词汇理解与选择：外文翻译中最常见的问题就是词汇的理解和选择。
要尽量保持原文的句子结构和逻辑关系，并根据上下文来选择合适的词汇。
同时，还要注意一些专业名词和术语的翻译，确保准确传达作者的意思。
4. 翻译修改与润色：在翻译完成后，要进行翻译修改和润色。
可以与导师或其他专业人士讨论，确认翻译是否准确并且符合论文的写作目标和风格。
二、外文写作1. 熟悉论文结构：在进行外文写作之前，要了解毕业论文的结构和要求。
例如，引言、文献综述、方法、结果和讨论等部分的写作方式和顺序。
2. 论文提纲的制定：根据自己的研究内容和结构安排，制定一份清晰的提纲。
提纲是论文写作的框架，在写作过程中可以帮助你组织思路和整理论证材料。
3. 文章段落的组织：无论是中文还是外文写作，良好的段落组织非常重要。
每个段落应该有明确的主题句，并展开论述，最后进行总结或过渡。
段落之间的逻辑关系和过渡词语也要特别注意。
4. 语法和拼写的检查：外文写作需要特别注意语法和拼写的准确性。
严谨的语法和正确的拼写可以提高论文的可读性和学术性。
5. 学术风格和引用格式的使用：在进行外文写作时，要遵循学术风格和引用格式的要求。
例如，使用正确的引用格式引用文献资料，并避免抄袭和剽窃的行为。
总结：毕业论文的外文翻译与写作需要综合运用语言能力、专业知识和写作技巧。
英文论创新点格式英文论文中讨论创新点（Innovation Points）的格式可以因论文主题和学术领域而异，但一般来说，表达创新点的方式可以遵循以下结构：1.段落的开头位置：通常，在论文的引言部分或提出研究问题之后，会特别指出创新点的内容。
这通常在介绍研究目的、论文的重要性或者相关研究现状之后进行。
2.清晰而简洁的表达：创新点的表达应当简练清晰，明确指出研究所带来的创新或者论文所提供的新见解。
这可以是针对现有问题的新方法、新理论、新技术或者新观点。
3.具体而有说服力的陈述：提出创新点时，要尽量具体，用简洁的语言表达清楚研究的独特之处，让读者明白研究的独到之处以及为什么这些创新点是有价值的。
4.与已有研究的对比：强调新的观点、方法或技术与现有研究的不同之处，阐明研究的创新性和独特性，突出这些创新点相对于现有研究的优势或者贡献。
5.结合论文主题和主旨：创新点的表述应与论文主题密切相关，符合论文的整体目标，突出研究的独特性和重要性。
一个例子可能是："In this study, we introduce a novel approach to [specific research problem or topic] by [briefly describe the innovative method/approach]. Our proposed method not only addresses the limitations of existing techniques but also offers [specific advantages or benefits], thereby contributing significantly to the field of [research field]."以上是一种表达创新点的典型方式，但具体表达可能会因文体和学科领域的不同而有所差异。
摘要论文题目：论文排版机器人PaperYes制作的论文模板学生姓名：XXX指导教师：XXX摘要本论文主要内容是基于本高校的论文格式要求，利用论文排版机器人PaperYes的人工智能引擎排版出来的论文模板。
各位同学可以通过此模板撰写论文，只需将自己撰写的论文内容填充到相应的标题下面就可以了，帮助同学们解决论文排版的困扰。
如果有的同学不会用此模板编辑论文，可以选择PaperYes论文排版，根据您所在高校的格式要求,自动生成目录和页眉页脚,解决奇偶页难题，智能编排标题、图、表和公式,适配字体字号和段落等，10秒搞定，安全高效。
关键词：论文排版；机器人；PaperYes；论文模板I西安交通大学硕士学位论文Title:Research on PaperYes Paper Layout Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence name: XXXXXSupervisor: XXXXXABSTRACTThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.KEY WORDS: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificial Intelligence; Research; Based on;II目录目录1 绪论 (1)2 排版算法 (2)2.1 关于目录修改后的排版技巧 (2)2.1.1 关于目录的制作和修改 (2)2.1.2 此处为三级标题 (2)2.1.3 此处为三级标题 (3)2.2 关于图片、表格、公式的解决 (3)2.2.1 表格的样式 (3)2.2.2 此处为三级标题 (4)2.2.3 此处为三级标题 (4)2.3 页眉和页码的设置 (4)2.3.1 页眉和页码的设置 (4)2.3.2 此处为三级标题 (4)2.3.3 此处为三级标题 (4)2.4 脚注和参考文献上标 (5)2.4.1 脚注和参考文献上标范例 (5)2.4.2 此处为三级标题 (5)2.4.3 此处为三级标题 (5)3 PaperYes论文一键排版的概念 (6)3.1 一键排版的概念 (6)3.1.1 此处为三级标题 (6)3.1.2 此处为三级标题 (6)3.1.3 此处为三级标题 (6)3.2 一键排版的概念 (6)3.2.1 此处为三级标题 (6)3.2.2 此处为三级标题 (7)3.2.3 此处为三级标题 (7)3.3 一键排版的主要方法 (7)3.3.1 此处为三级标题 (7)3.3.2 此处为三级标题 (7)3.3.3 此处为三级标题 (7)4 总结 (9)III西安交通大学硕士学位论文参考文献 (10)附录 (11)致谢 (12)IV1 绪论1 绪论本论文主要内容是基于本高校的论文格式要求，利用论文排版机器人PaperYes的人工智能引擎排版出来的论文模板。
一How to put learner firstWith the development of the society, education has been grown attention by people. So as a developing country, our education is now experiencing a great challenge. How should we improve our educational status quo? The answer is that we should put learner first in the process of education, because students are the subject of education.How to put learner first? In the teaching process, we come up with every idea and established every goal that must depart from the student's own development. Teachers should first prepare students in class, and then prepare knowledge so that every student gets progress, rather than a cookie-cutter to education. Only in this way can it motivate students' learning desire, spontaneous learning makes them, let them have fun in learning,to cater to the students' own development rule, only in this way can china education obtain a good development.In short, students as the main body in the process of education, teachers in the teaching process should more understand each student's own development situation, according to the actual situation of students set teaching plan, and put the students in the first place all the time.二My view on graduate education in chinaGraduate education is an important part of China's higher education. It shoulders the important mission of cultivating advanced talents. However, the current development of postgraduate education is not satisfied.Due to increase enrollment, the education of talent quality becomes lower.There are many reasons about it. First, with the increase number of graduate enrollment, it’s number almost close to the undergraduate enrollment in recent years.Although this kind of situation to adapt to the situation of our country at present stage, improve the whole national culture quality and delay the employment pressure, there are many problem that not allow ignoring, especially the postgraduate education quality problem. Second, there will always be some students who are turned away by the job market in the recruitment process because of a variety of reasons. This is due to the relatively independent between the academic and market demand. Final this problem should be solved immediately so that our country’s the graduate education can get good development.On the whole, while the graduate student education still has some problems, I believe that government will make some relevant measures to solve these problems. It makes the graduate student education a positive development.三The cyberattack in our lifeWith the further development of the internet, all kinds of online activities has become increasingly frequent，this makes the network security issues become more prominent, all kinds of network attack emerge in endlessly, how to prevent network attacks, network environment is particularly important to protect the unit and personal.In the real network environment, the measures of prevention hacker attacks mainly have two aspects: first, we should establish a safe network environment, all kinds of security software installed, updated software and use the latest virus library;Second, we should strengthen our knowledge about computer security, network attack ways and means, we don't open those unsafe websites; Final, we should pay attention to personal account and password protection, develop good habits on the internet.All in all, the government should improve the network information security laws and regulations. At the same time, we should enhance their consciousness of network information security. I believe that one day our network environment will become better.四Romantic love and marriageLove and marriage play an important role in the life of people. I think love is the most important to the marriage, because love is the foundation of the marriage.For us, with love, the couple will have the strong power to face everything in their future life, not for his or her own, but for the other half in their life. It is love that makes their hearts close and makes their life full of warmth. This type of marriage usually brings happiness. Many couples live a happy life because their marriage is based on true love. In real life, however, some people get married just to seek for a life partner, but marriage like this won’t be happy, for the two don’t have the same faith, and their marriage is destined to be a failure. Numerous facts prove that marriage based on true love lasts and cannot be easily split up whereas marriage without love does not endure and may end in divorce.In my opinion, love is romantic and marriage is realistic. However, no matter how love should be the premise of marriage. Marriage is not a game and we have to consider many issues, such as family and children. So when we consider the marriage must be realistic and want to think calmly. That makes it possible to obtain a successful marriage.五how to battle the outbreaks of pandemics With the development of the society, people's life quality rise ceaselessly, more and more disease repeated outbreaks. It brought huge influence to people's life. How should we do to prevent various infectious diseases。
中英文科技论文写作教程标题一、英文文章标题（Title）的结构：1.完整句子作为题目，这是一种常见的结构，尤其在报刊中常用：Fuzhou Strives for Better Exports（由于是题目，在句尾不能用句号）2.名词+动词不定式结构：这种结构表示将来，因在题目中一般不用will或shallThe Chinese Communist Party to Hold Its 18th Congress3.名词或名词短语+过去分词。
这种结构常用于报道已做过的事情.Capital International Airport Enlarged.北京国际机场扩建4.现代分词短语结构。
Visiting a Friend on a Snowy Night5.介绍短语结构In Memory of ….6.名词或名词短语+介词短语结构Home for the Sailors7.以动词原形开始的短语结构，这种结构常用于带有号召性的题目中。
Server the People8.名词或名词短语结构，例如A small Green City二、注意题目字母的大小写问题1. 题目中除介词、冠词、和连接词的字母全部小写外，其它的词的第一个字母要大写（介词和冠词在题目开头时第一个字母也要大写）My Family and Myself2.题目中全部字母大写，这种形式大多用于书籍封面上的题目，例如：上海简介A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SHANGHAI3.题目第一个词的第一个字母大写外，其它字母一律小写，但遇到专门名词时，该词的第一个字母仍须大写，现在报纸上的题目大都采用这种形式，主要是便于排版。
中国体操选手夺得七枚金牌Chinese gymnasts sweep away seven gold medals三．在英语文章题目中，冠词常可省略，例如美国总统在西方U.S. President in West四、英文文题的一般性原则*文题应准确而清晰反映文章的内容和重点。
学术论文英文摘要的写作方法Step 1: Understand the Purpose and Structure of an Abstract The abstract serves as a brief summary of the entire paper, giving readers an overview of the research topic, objectives, methods, key findings, and conclusions. It should be written in a clear and concise manner to ensure that readers can quickly grasp the main points of the study.Step 3: Write a Clear and Concise Statement of the Research ProblemThe first sentence of your abstract should clearly state the research problem or question that your study addresses. Thiswill help readers understand the context and importance of your research. For example: "This study investigates the impact of social media on adolescent mental health."Step 4: Summarize the Objectives of the StudyStep 5: Describe the Research Design and MethodsStep 6: Present the Main Findings or ResultsSummarize the main findings or results of your study, highlighting the most important or significant findings. Use specific data or examples to support your statements. For example: "The results revealed a significant positive association between social media use and depressive symptomsamong adolescents. Furthermore, self-esteem was found to mediate this relationship, while age and gender were found to moderate the association."Step 7: Discuss the Implications or Significance of the StudyIn the final sentences of your abstract, discuss the implications or significance of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing literature, highlight any practical implications, and suggest potential areas for future research. For example: "These findings have important implications for the understanding and prevention of adolescent mental health problems. Interventions targeting social media use and self-esteem may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms among this population. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms underlying this relationship."Step 8: Revise and Edit the AbstractAfter writing the abstract, revise and edit it to ensure clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Remove any unnecessary details, jargon, or technical terms that may make it difficult for non-experts to understand. Make sure that the abstract flows logically and provides a clear summary of the research.Tips for Writing an Effective Abstract:1. Use concise and specific language: Every word counts in an abstract, so choose your words carefully and aim for clear, specific, and concise language.2. Focus on the most important findings: Highlight the key findings that are most relevant to your research question and objectives.3. Avoid unnecessary details: Only include essential information in your abstract. Avoid going into excessive detail or providing background information that is not directly related to your research.4. Be accurate and truthful: Ensure that the information provided in your abstract is accurate and supported by evidence from your study.5. Follow the guidelines provided by the journal or conference: Different journals or conferences may have specific requirements for abstracts, so make sure to follow their guidelines.Example of an Abstract:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional StudyAbstract:。
As a high school student with a keen interest in science, Ive always been fascinated by the way scientific discoveries and theories can shape our understanding of the world. The English language, with its rich vocabulary and precise expressions, provides an excellent medium for communicating scientific ideas. Heres a personal narrative about my journey with scientific English writing, which I hope will inspire others to explore this fascinating field.Growing up, I was always captivated by the stars above. The mysteries of the cosmos seemed to call out to me, urging me to learn more. My journey into the realm of scientific English writing began with a simple question: How do stars form? This question led me to delve into astrophysics, a field where English is the lingua franca of research and communication.My first encounter with scientific English was both daunting and exhilarating. The vocabulary was dense, filled with terms like nucleosynthesis and supernovae. The sentences were complex, often requiring multiple readings to fully comprehend. However, the more I read, the more I realized that the language of science is not just about jargon its about precision and clarity.One of my most memorable experiences was writing a research paper on the life cycle of stars. I spent countless hours poring over scientific journals, taking notes on the intricate processes that govern stellar evolution. The challenge was to translate these complex ideas into a coherent narrative that would be accessible to my peers and teachers.I remember the first draft of my paper was a mess. It was filled with jargon and lacked the clarity I was aiming for. My teacher, a patient and experienced mentor, guided me through the process of revision. She emphasized the importance of defining terms and simplifying complex ideas without losing their scientific integrity.Through this process, I learned the art of scientific English writing. Its not just about using the right words its about constructing sentences that convey the essence of scientific concepts. Its about using metaphors and analogies to make abstract ideas more tangible. For instance, when explaining the process of nuclear fusion in stars, I compared it to a dance, where particles move, collide, and merge to create new elements.As I honed my skills, I began to participate in science fairs and competitions, where I had the opportunity to present my research in English. These experiences were invaluable. They taught me the importance of effective communication in science. I learned to tailor my language to my audience, whether it was a panel of judges, fellow students, or the general public.One of the most significant lessons I learned was the power of storytelling in scientific writing. By weaving a narrative around my research, I could engage my audience and make complex scientific concepts more relatable. For example, when discussing the impact of supernovae on the formation of elements, I told the story of how these cosmic explosions seed the universe with the building blocks of life.My journey with scientific English writing has not been without its challenges. There have been moments of frustration when a concept refused to be clearly expressed or when a sentence just wouldnt flow. But these challenges have also been moments of growth. Theyve pushed me to refine my language skills and deepen my understanding of science.In conclusion, scientific English writing is more than just a means of communication its a tool for exploration and discovery. It allows us to delve into the intricacies of the natural world and share our findings with others. As a high school student, I am proud of the strides Ive made in this field, and I look forward to continuing this journey into the future. Whether Im writing about the stars or the smallest particles of matter, the English language will be my guide, helping me to express the wonders of science with clarity and passion.。
西安交大英文作文The Enduring Legacy of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiaotong University, nestled in the heart of Xi'an, embodies a unique blend of historical significance and modern academic excellence. Founded in Shanghai in 1896 as Nanyang Public School, the institution has weathered periods of immense social and political change, ultimately relocating to Xi'an in 1959 as part of a national initiative to bolster higher education in western China. This journey, marked by resilience and adaptation, speaks volumes about the indomitable spirit of the university and its commitment to academic pursuit in the face of adversity. The university's early years were characterized by a pioneering spirit, fueled by a desire to modernize Chinese education and introduce Western learning to the nation. Key figures like Sheng Xuanhuai, the school's founder, envisioned an institution that would equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing world. This vision resonated with the burgeoning reformist movements of the late Qing Dynasty, ultimately leading to the school's transformation into a national university under the Republic of China, known as Jiaotong University. The relocation to Xi'an in 1959 marked a pivotal moment in the university's history. While leaving behind its established roots in Shanghai was a monumental task, it also presented an opportunity to contribute to the development of a region with immense potential. Xi'an, the ancient capital withits own rich cultural tapestry, provided fertile ground for the university to establish itself as a beacon of knowledge and innovation in western China. This move not only solidified the university's commitment to national development but also highlighted its adaptability and willingness to embrace new challenges. Today, Xi'an Jiaotong University stands as a testament to the enduring power of education and its ability to transcend geographical boundaries. It has blossomed into a comprehensive research university, boasting a wide array of disciplines ranging from engineering and science to medicine, humanities and social sciences. Its sprawling campus, dotted with state-of-the-art facilities and research centers, buzzes with the intellectual energy of a vibrant student body and a dedicated faculty. The university’s repu tation for academic rigor and innovation has attracted students and scholars from all corners of China and beyond, solidifyingits position as a leading institution of higher learning. However, the true legacy of Xi'an Jiaotong University extends far beyond its academic achievements. It lies in the spirit of its community, the unwavering commitment to societal betterment, and the enduring impact its graduates have on the world. Theuniversity fosters an environment of intellectual curiosity, critical thinking, and collaboration, encouraging students to become not just successful professionals but also responsible citizens and thoughtful leaders. It instills in its students a deep sense of social responsibility, inspiring them tocontribute to the advancement of their communities and the nation as a whole. As Xi'an Jiaotong University looks towards the future, it remains dedicated to its founding principles of excellence, innovation, and service. The university is committed to pushing the boundaries of knowledge, nurturing future generations of leaders, and playing a pivotal role in shaping the future of China and the world. Its journey, marked by historical significance and unwavering dedication to academic pursuit, serves as a testament to the transformative power of education and its ability to leave an indelible mark on society.。
科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译随着科学技术的日新月异，我国在科技领域取得了越来越多的成就，受到更多国际同行的关注。
广大科技工作者也需要向世界展示、介绍所取得的成就和成果。
介绍这些成果的科技类刊物则日益受到世界科技界人士和相关学术机构的重视，如美国的《科学引文索引)(Science Citation Index，简称SCI)、《工程索引》(Engineering Index，简称EI)和英国的《物理文摘》(Physics Abstract，简称PA)等重要的信息情报检索刊物每年都要收录大量的科技刊物的英文摘要。
为了增进国际间的学术交流，对英文摘要编写的标准、格式及质量也有了愈来愈高的要求，这也成为评价科技期刊质量的一项重要指标。
摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”，其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。
原则上说，科技论文的英文摘要应该是用英文直接编写，这样可以用英文的思维方式、行文习惯直接、准确地表达作者的思想。
但是这对许多科技人员来说尚有一定的难度。
因此，有些科技人员通常是采用其应用自如的中文，集中精力解决摘要的结构和实质性内容的概括等方面的问题，写出摘要的中文稿，然后把它译成英文。
但是目前论文作者撰写的中文摘要问题比较多，常见的有摘要形式选取不当、内容不完整、缺少研究目的或试验结论、表达不清楚、语言不顺、格式不规范等，主要原因就是作者对摘要的概念、分类及撰写要求等没有掌握。
a. 摘要的要素摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容：(1)研究目的。
准确描述该研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重要性。
(2)研究方法。
简要说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，所用的仪器及设备，如何分组对照，研究范围和精确程度，数据是如何取得的，经何种统计学方法处理。
(3)结果。
简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。
叙述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性检验的确切值。
中国科学家的英文演讲稿范文Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, and fellow scientists, It is both an honor and a privilege to stand before you today as a representative of Chinese scientists. As we gather here to discuss the latest advancements in science and technology, I am reminded of the incredible progress that China has made in the field of scientific research.In recent years, Chinese scientists have made significant contributions to a wide range of scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Our commitment to innovation and our relentless pursuit of knowledge have led to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements that have had a profound impact on the global scientific community.One area in which Chinese scientists have excelled is in the field of space exploration. China's space program has achieved numerous milestones in recent years, including the successful deployment of the Tiangong-2 space station and the Chang'e lunar missions. These achievements have not only demonstrated China's technological prowess but have also expanded our understanding of the universe and paved the way for future scientific endeavors.Furthermore, Chinese scientists have played a critical role in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing our planet, including climate change and environmental degradation. Through innovative research and technological developments, we have made significant strides in sustainable energy, pollution control, and biodiversity conservation. These efforts reflect China's commitment to promoting global sustainability and addressing the environmental issues that affect us all.In addition to our contributions to space exploration and environmental science, Chinese scientists have also made profound advancements in the fields of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Thesecutting-edge technologies have the potential to revolutionize industries, improve human health, and enhance quality of life for people around the world.As we look to the future, it is clear that the role of Chinese scientists in the global scientific community will only continue to grow. With a strong emphasis on research and development, as well as a commitment to international collaboration, China is well-positioned to drive innovation and make significant contributions to the advancement of science and technology.In conclusion, I am proud to stand before you today as a representative of Chinese scientists. Our commitment to excellence, our passion for discovery, and our dedication toaddressing the world's most pressing challenges will continue to drive the scientific advancements that benefit all of humanity. I am confident that the future holds even greater opportunities for Chinese scientists to make significant contributions to the global scientific community. Thank you.。
如何撰写英文科技论文董华1，M.F. Ashby1，卢天健1，21 Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge2西安交通大学航天航空学院英文科技论文写作是国际学术交流必需的技能。
在撰写英语科技论文时，除了遵循科技论文的基本要求如“讲究逻辑，表达清晰，用词准确”外，还需要注意英文科技论文的写作格式。
究其原因主要在于中国人和西方人思维方式有所不同，从而导致写作风格上的差异。
这一点突出表现在文章结构上和表达上的不同。
譬如说,通常中国人行文较为含蓄，因此文章各段之间可能存在不明显的内在关联；而西方人则比较直接了当，他们的文章结构往往一目了然。
因此，即使已有一篇现成的中文论文，在其基础上写英文论文时也不能采用“拿来主义”逐字逐句翻译。
撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构，使之成为西方人易于理解的形式。
最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式（Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion) — 西方科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。
IMRaD结构的逻辑性体现在它能依次回答以下问题：•研究的是什么问题？— 答案就是Introduction•这个问题是怎么研究的？— 答案就是Materials and Methods•发现了什么？— 答案就是Results•这些发现意味着什么？— 答案就是Discussion按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱希比教授提出的“概念图” (图一)。
首先在一张大纸上（A4或 A3纸，横放）写下文章题目(事先定好题目很重要)，然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把它们写在不同的方框内。
你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。
画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。
哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作 — 是找到某文献的原文？还是补画一张图表？或者需要再查找某个参考文12献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时那就在概念图中添一个新框。
如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。
绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。
这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。
采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够做到大局不乱。
以下对论文的基本组成部分及需要特别注意的方面逐一阐述。
图一、爱希比教授用来规划文章的 “概念图” (Ashby, 2000)ABSTRACT （摘要）科技论文摘要通常包括以下几项内容:1.研究动机2.研究方法3.主要结果4.简要结论顾名思义，摘要应该言简意赅，因此以上各项内容争取用一句话说明一项，每项最多不要超过三句话 (Ashby, 2000)。
通常在提交论文全文之前需要先提交摘要，摘要实际上就是一个小的IMRaD结构：为什么做这个研究？用了什么方法？取得了什么结果？结论是什么？这些问题逐一回答了，摘要就写完整了。
INTRODUCTION （引言）Introduction看似简单，但并不容易写好。
好的Introduction通常包括三部分内容:1.介绍研究课题(性质，范围等等)2.陈述对于该课题已有的主要研究成果3.解释你对该课题研究的特殊贡献，例如使用了什么新方法等写这一部分应该尽量简炼。
好的起始句非常重要，因为Introduction应该吸引读者而不是让读者生厌。
有许多论文以“It is widely accepted that … is important”开头，这样的起始让读者还没进入正文就开始打哈欠 (Ashby, 2000)。
在Introduction这一部分可以简单介绍你的主要研究结果和结论，也可以不介绍结论而只介绍研究方法。
读者读完Introduction之后看论文的其它部分不应该再有惊奇的发现，因为读科技论文和读侦探小说不一样,读者希望在开头就知道结果(Day, 1989)。
3METHODSMethods部分的目的在于描述所用的材料/实验装置/实验方法/理论模型/计算方法。
写好这部分的关键在于把握好“度”，即提供恰到好处的细节，避免过于简单或繁琐 （太繁复或不必须的公式、推导可放入附录appendix） 。
衡量标准是看你所提供的细节是否足以让感兴趣的专业读者重复你的实验或方法。
在这一部分不需要汇报结果。
RESULTS在Results部分只需要如实地汇报结果或数据即可，无需加入自己的解释 — 让结果和数据来表达研究结论。
这一部分通常会包含图表。
读者在阅读一篇论文时，往往看完题目和摘要后就会浏览所有图表，有进一步兴趣才会再读文章的其他部分，所以图表非常重要。
它们不仅应该简明、清晰、准确，还应该完整，即每一个图表均应有详尽说明 — 读者即使不看论文的文字部分也能够理解图表所要传达的信息。
图表的顺序也很重要，它们应该体现行文的逻辑。
有些作者习惯于将一系列图表陈列在一起，不在表头作解释，仅在文字中简单地进行介绍，期待读者自己去研究理解各个图表 — 这种做法是不可取的。
DISCUSSIONDiscussion是论文的精髓所在，也是中国人普遍感到难写的部分，其内容可能包括：•提炼原理,揭示关联,进行归纳•提出分析、模型或理论•解释结果(results)与作者的分析、模型或理论之间的联系因为掺进了作者的观点和解释，这一部分在行文时需要注意语气，不可夸张；同时也要注意避免无关紧要或并不相关的内容。
4CONCLUSIONS在论文的结论(Conclusions)部分,作者应该总结阐明论文的主要结果及其重要性，同时点明局限性或有所保留的地方。
结论应该是水到渠成，不应有让读者感到惊奇的内容，通常也不应该引用文章其它部分未曾提及的文献。
爱希比教授的 “概念图”（图一）表明， Conclusions实际上就是把Results和Discussion 的精要部分进行总结。
结论可以分点陈述，简洁概括，达到 “豹尾”的效果。
时态(TENSE)撰写英文论文会涉及时态。
通常科技论文采用的时态为一般过去时，但在列表、进行统计分析或描述不争事实时应该采用一般现在时。
例如：“Table 4 shows that …” (列表)；“These values are significantly greater than those of the females of the same age, indicating that the males grew more rapidly”(统计分析)；“Water was added and the towers became damp, which proves again that water is wet”(不争事实)。
但根据Day (1989) 的建议，论文中凡涉及研究领域内已存在的理论和知识（包括他人在此之前发表过的论文）时均应采用一般现在时来表示对理论贡献者们的尊重。
以此推理，Introduction和Discussion的绝大部分内容（即涉及到研究领域内已有的理论和知识的部分）应采用一般现在时。
按照Day的建议，摘要通常应该采用一般过去时，因为作者在这里主要是介绍自己的工作。
表一概括了科技论文主要组成部分的时态使用一般规则。
表一、时态使用总结引言 方法 结果 讨论 现在时 大量使用 很少使用 很少使用 大量使用 过去时 偶尔使用 大量使用 大量使用 偶尔使用5语态 (VOICE)除了时态，语态也是撰写英文论文应该注意的方面。
读者可能会发现大量英文科技论文都采用被动语态，这虽然是事实，但并不是规则。
其实,使用被动语态往往违背科技论文“精确”、“简洁”的要求。
譬如， “ It was found that ” 就远没有 “ I found ”来得清晰明了。
本文作者的一位同事在博士论文中通篇采用被动语态，结果答辩时考官不明白他到底是在引用被人的工作还是自己的工作。
科技论文中主动语态和被动语态可以并用，具体使用哪种语态首先取决于句子所要强调的重点，同时应该考虑表达的简炼和精确。
分词中文作者在写英文论文时常常会写出这样的句子：“After closing the incision, the animal was placed in a restraining cage.”“Having completed the study, the bacteria were of no further interest.”从语法上分析，这两个句子的隐含主语分别为：the animal和the bacteria，但作者省略掉的真正的主语其实是the experimenter。
所以这两个句子都造成了歧义。
这是典型的使用分词从句造成（以‘ing’或‘ed’结尾）的错误，如果改用一般从句，这种错误就避免了：“After the incision had been closed, the animal was placed in a restraining cage. ” “Once the study was complete, the bacteria were of no further interest. ”形容词和副词在科技论文中使用形容词和副词要慎重。
象 “fairly”, “quite”, “rather”, “several”, “very”, “somewhat”, “much”, “amazing” 这样的修饰词在科技论文中最好不用。
例如，爱希比教授认为， “ this very important point ”不及 “ this important point ”来得简洁客观，而“ this point ”则更佳。
6冠词中文作者对英文冠词的掌握通常不够好，例如经常会忘记定冠词“the”, 克服的方法之一是检查名词，如果名词前没有加不定冠词 “a” 或 “an”，而该名词又非抽象名词或不可数名词，则要考虑是否应该在前面加上定冠词“the”。
表二总结了一些使用定冠词的规则以供参照，当然最好还是通过多读写得好的英文论文以增强语感。
表二、定冠词使用规则必须使用定冠词的情况 例子第二次提及 We proposed a new model. The model is…最高级 The most important parameter序数词 The first slide特指 The only research in this field通用知识/独有事物 The Government / the moonOf短语 The behaviour of the species以人名定义的现象等 The Doppler effect参考文献许多中文作者在写英文论文时习惯于参照一些英文论文，但一定要注意这些参照论文的质量！用英文发表的论文也是良莠不齐，有的在表达上并不一定准确。
