托马斯_哈代和菲利普_拉金战争诗歌的相同性_英文_
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舒丹丹:菲利普·拉金诗歌的语言风貌诗与诗学二十世纪五十年代中期,英国诗坛崛起了一个以菲利普·拉金(Philip Larkin)、唐纳德·戴维(Donald Davie)和伊丽莎白·詹宁斯(Elizabeth Jennings)等青年诗人为代表的新的诗歌群体,当时的舆论界称之为“运动派”。
这批“运动派”诗人既拒斥盛行一时的仿叶芝和狄兰·托马斯风格的新浪漫主义,又反对以艾略特为代表的精英姿态和晦涩诗风的现代主义。
在诗歌创作上,他们主张坚守传统的英国精神与民族特质,维护本土文化价值与道德判断的延续,提倡继承和发扬英诗传统,关注现实,以理智、平实、清澈、节制的诗歌语言抒写普通人的日常生活和个人经验。
五十年代中期以后,“运动派”诗人逐渐为英国主流文坛所接受,成为战后灰色英国的世情描绘者和民众的诗歌代言人。
“运动派”诗歌的风格席卷了五十年代后的英国诗坛,打破了自二十年代以来树立于英国诗坛的现代主义统治,对后世诗歌产生了深远的影响。
菲利普·拉金(1922-1985)是“运动派”诗歌的杰出代表,被公认为继艾略特之后二十世纪最有影响力的英国诗人。
尽管拉金生前只正式出版过四册诗集:《北方船》(The North Ship,1945)、《受骗较少者》(The Less Deceived,1955)、《降灵节婚礼》(The Whitsun Weddings,1964)和《高窗》(High Windows,1974),但他对英国本土文化的热爱、对社会生活的关注、兼具传统与后现代风格的诗歌语言以及对传统诗歌形式与格律的继承使得他的诗歌独具个性而广受欢迎。
他冷眼体察社会,以冷峻克制的笔触,聚焦个人经验,写平凡人的生活,生动地折射出战后英国世相百态和复杂的时代情绪。
他的诗写得诚实而精准,语气节制而意蕴深厚,老练而又善于创新,优雅的诗歌形式里时有大胆而富于表现力的粗言俚语嵌入。
托马斯·哈代诗两首(中英文)托马斯·哈代,英国诗人、小说家。
他是横跨两个世纪的作家,早期和中期的创作以小说为主,继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统;晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说,其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》。
诗8集,共918首,此外,还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说,以及长篇史诗剧《列王》。
代表作品有《韦塞克斯诗集》,《早期与晚期抒情诗》,《德伯家的苔丝》。
托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy,1840-1928)生于英格兰多尔切斯特的一个小村子里。
父亲是位建筑师。
早年,托马斯·哈代从事建筑事务,但是他最爱写诗,他由于写诗难得有出版机会,随转向写小说,后以写小说而成名。
1896年,他发表了他的最后一部小说《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure),以后即转向写诗,整个晚年他都用来写诗。
早年,他浪迹于森林田野和草原上,听到不少民谣和民间故事,多为荒凉的路口和坟园故事,逐渐形成一种悲观失望的人生观,认为人就是孤立无援与上帝奋斗。
但在他的作品中,我们看到哈代对受苦的人民充满同情。
The Shadow on the Stone踪影I went by the Druid stoneThat broods in the garden white and lone,And I stopped and looked at the shifting shadowsThat at some moments fall thereonFrom the tree hard by with a rhythmic2 swing,And they shaped in my imaginingTo the shade that a well-known head and shouldersThrew there when she was gardening.I thought her behind my back,Yea, her I long had learned to lack,And I said: "I am sure you are standing3 behind me, Though how do you get into this old track?"And there was no sound but the fall of a leafAs a sad response; and to keep down my griefI would not turn my head to discoverThat there was nothing in my belief.Yet I wanted to look and seeThat nobody stood at the back of me;But I thought once more: "Nay4, I'll not unvisionA shape which, somehow, there may be."So I went on softly from the glade,And left her behind me throwing her shade,As she were indeed an apparition-My head unturned lest my dream should fade.我漫步经过一块石碑它晶莹而又孤零零立在花园中,我停步注视着碑上移动的树影,树枝在有节奏的摆动。
菲利普·拉金诗歌中的生态伦理思想作者:刘爱玲来源:《文教资料》2017年第03期摘要:菲利普·拉金是20世纪最有影响力的英国诗人之一。
近年来,国内学者主要从主题、叙事和语言层面论及拉金诗歌的英国性、两性伦理和语言特质,对其生态伦理思想的评析却少有涉及。
拉金诗歌所表现的对动物的关心和对生态平等的支持,是其生态伦理思想的集中体现。
本文将拉金的诗歌放置于理性生态哲学和生态批评的视角下从上述两方面进行探讨。
关键词:菲利普·拉金生态伦理诗歌一、引言菲利普·拉金(Philip Larkin,1922—1985),出生于英国的一个名叫Coventry的工业城市。
1943年毕业于牛津大学的圣约翰学院,先后工作于威灵顿(1943—1946)公共图书馆、雷斯特(1946—1950)、贝尔法斯特(1950—1955)及赫尔(1955—1985)等大学图书馆,曾担任诗集学会主席,大英文艺促进会文学委员会委员,美国文理科学院名誉院士。
1985年12月2日因喉癌逝世于赫尔。
拉金生前正式出版的诗集有四本,即《北方船)(The Northship,1945)、《较少受骗者)(The Less Deceived,1955)、《降灵节婚礼》(The Whitsun Weddings,1964)和《高窗》(High Windows,1971),1965年获女王诗歌金质奖,同时被评论界誉为“英格兰现有的最优秀诗人”。
由于拒绝担任这一殊荣,他又被称为“非官方的桂冠诗人”。
拉金生前其作品并未引起人们的广泛注意,直到辞世以后,其诗歌纯粹的魅力和趣味才赢得越来越多读者的青睐。
戴维在《托马斯·哈代和英国诗歌)(Thomas Hardy and English Poetry)第一章“拉金的风景”中论证了拉金受哈代的影响;韦恩在担任牛津大学特聘诗歌教授期间发表讲演《菲利普·拉金的诗》(The Poetry of PhilipLarkin,1974)中,分析了拉金诗歌的主题和诗艺;恩赖特在《沿墓地之路走去:菲利普·拉金的诗》中指出拉金作品阴郁的情调和纯熟的技巧。
美国文学Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Thomas Paine Paine 托马斯·潘恩1737-18091737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;Common Sense 常识;American Crisis 美国危机;Rights of Man 人的权利:Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Philip Freneau Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺1752-18321752-1832The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship 英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True V irtue Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-17901706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard ’s Almanack 穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth 致富之道;The Autobiography 自传自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文1783-18591783-1859A History of New Y ork 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book 见闻札记The The Legend Legend Legend of of of Sleepy Hollow Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers 旅客谈;The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉 James James Fenimore Fenimore Fenimore Cooper Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-18511789-1851The Spy 间谍;The Pilot 领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人最后的莫希干人;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Ralf Waldo Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-18821803-1882Essays 散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The The American American American Scholar Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者;Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address 神学院演说 Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河首开自由诗之先河 Henry David Threau 亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-18621817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-18821807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn 路边客栈的故事路边客栈的故事---诗集:An April Day 四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生人生礼物/Paul Revere ’s Ride 保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline 伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚------------叙事长诗;叙事长诗;叙事长诗;Poems on Slavery Poems on Slavery 奴役篇奴役篇---------反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗Nathaniel Nathaniel Hawthorne Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Y :Young Goodman Brownoung Goodman Brown 年轻的古德曼·布朗;The ;The Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Letter Letter 红字;The House of of the the the Seven Seven Seven Gables Gables 有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇;The Marble Faun 玉石雕像玉石雕像Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-18911819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比·迪克莫比·迪克莫比·迪克//白鲸;白鲸;Typee Typee 泰比泰比;Omoo ;Omoo 奥穆奥穆;Mardi ;Mardi 玛地玛地;Redburn ;Redburn 雷得本得本;White Jacket ;White Jacket 白外衣白外衣;Pierre ;Pierre 皮尔埃皮尔埃;Piazza ;Piazza 广场故事广场故事;Billy Budd ;Billy Budd 比利·巴德比利·巴德Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼1819-18921819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself 自我之歌自我之歌Emily Dickinson 埃米莉·迪金森1830-18861830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉·迪金森诗集埃米莉·迪金森诗集---------------““Tell all the truth and tell it slant slant”迂回曲折的,玄学的”迂回曲折的,玄学的”迂回曲折的,玄学的Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-18491809-1849(以诗为(以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)叶芝) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia 莱琪儿;Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔·李----------歌特风格;歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河,又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems 帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems 艾尔·阿拉夫,艾尔·阿拉夫,帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦;The City in the Sea 海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen 致海伦致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom ’s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing 牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr ’s Island 奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks 老城的人们的人们 Part 4. The age of Realism William Dean Dean Howells Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance 现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes 时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle 透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading 小说创作与小说阅读小说创作与小说阅读 23、Henry James 享利·詹姆斯1843-19161843-1916 小说:Daisy Miller 苔瑟·米乐;苔瑟·米乐;The Portrait of a Lady The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像;贵妇人画像;The Bostonians The Bostonians 波士顿人;顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事;真货色及其他故事;The Wings of the Dove The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼;The Ambassadors 大使;大使;The Golden Bowl The Golden Bowl 金碗金碗评论集:French Poets and Novelists 法国诗人和小说家法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne 霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术小说艺术Part 5. Local Colorism Mark Mark Twain Twain 马克·吐温(Samuel LonghorneClemens )------美国文学的美国文学的一大里程碑一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent ’s Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The ;The Gilded Gilded Gilded Age Age 镀金时代;The ;The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of Tom Tom Tom Sawyer Sawyer 汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Connecticut Y Y ankee ankee in in in King King King Arthur Arthur Arthur’’s s Court Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The ;The Tragedy Tragedy Tragedy of of of Pudd Pudd Pudd’’nhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal ;Personal Recollections Recollections Recollections of of of Joan Joan Joan of of of Arc Arc 冉·达克;The ;The Man Man Man That That That Corrupted Corrupted Hadleyburg 败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story 怎样讲故事怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American Naturalism Stephen Stephen Crane Crane 斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-19001871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets 街头女郎梅姬(美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运);The Red Badge of Courage 红色英勇勋章;The Open Boat 小划子;The Bride Comes to Y ellow Sky 新娘来到黄天镇新娘来到黄天镇 Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺里斯1870-19021870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty 茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰(romantic );Mc-Teague 麦克提格(naturalistic );The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus 章鱼,The Pit 小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West 小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞1871-19451871-1945Sister Sister Carrie Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie ;Jennie Gerhardt Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy ;Trilogy of of of Desire Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer 金融家,The ,The Titan Titan 巨人,The ,The Stoic);An Stoic);An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟大的小说);Nigger Jeff 黑人杰弗黑人杰弗 Edwin Edwin Arlington Arlington Arlington Robinson Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig 克雷格上尉---诗体小说;The Town Down the River 河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky 衬托着天空的人;Avon ’s Harvest 沃冯的收成;Collected Poems 诗集诗集 40、Jack London 杰克·伦敦1876-19161876-1916The Son of the Wolf 狼之子,The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白獠牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes 阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me 生命对我意味着什么;Revolution 革命;Love ;Love of of of Life Life 热爱生命;The ;The Mexican Mexican 墨西哥人;Under ;Under the the Deck A wings 在甲板的天蓬下 Upton Upton Sinclair Sinclair 厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-19681878-1968Spring and Harvest 春天与收获;The Jungle 屠场(揭发黑幕运动的代表作家);King Coal 煤炭大王;Oil 石油;Boston 波士顿;Dragon ’s Teeth 龙齿龙齿 Part 7. The 1920s Imagism Ezra Ezra PoundPound 艾兹拉·庞德1885-19721885-1972 The Spirit of Romance 罗曼司精神罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes 意像派诗选意像派诗选;Cathay 华夏(英译中国诗);Literary ;Literary Essays Essays 文学论;Hugh ;Hugh Swlwyn Swlwyn Swlwyn Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Few Few Few Don Don Don’’ts ts by by by Imagiste Imagiste 意像派戒条;Personage 面具;Polite ;Polite Essays Essays 文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound 庞德诗章(109首及8首未完成稿)成稿)Thomas Thomas Stearns Stearns Stearns Eliot Eliot 托马斯·艾略特1888-19651888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations 普罗夫洛克(荒原意识)普罗夫洛克(荒原意识);The Waste Land 荒原(The Burial of the Dead 死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess 弈棋弈棋;The Fire Sermon 火诫;Death by Water 水边之死;What the Thunder Said 雷电之言); 名诗:Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三;Four Quarters 四个四重奏四个四重奏诗剧:Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion 大团圆;Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-19551879-1955 Harmonium 风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar 弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction 关于最高虚构的札记(Peter (Peter Quince Quince Quince at at at the the the Clavier Clavier 彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday ;Sunday Morning Morning 礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn 秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems 诗集诗集William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-19631883-1963 收入Des Imagistes 意像派(意像派的第一部诗选)诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森(5卷长诗);Asphodal,That Green Flower 常青花日光兰(长诗)常青花日光兰(长诗)名诗:Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow ’s s Lament Lament in in Spring Spring 寡妇的春怨;The ;The Dead Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father 麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像(from An Early Martyr 先驱); The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传自传 Robert Robert Frest Frest 罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-19631874-1963 A Boy ’s Wish 少年心愿;North of Boston 波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval 山间(成熟阶段)(The Road Not taken 没有选择的道路没有选择的道路); West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树一株作证的树Carl Carl Sandburg Sandburg 卡尔·桑德堡1878-19671878-1967 Always the Y oung Stranger 永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy 肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Y ears 草原的年代一、二;The War Y ears 战争的年代(林肯传记);The American Songbag 美国歌袋;The People,Y es 人民,好;Honey and Salt 蜜与盐;Corn-huskers 辗米机(Fog 雾);Smoke and Steel 烟与钢烟与钢E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips Tulips anddd anddd anddd Chimneys Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The ;The Enormous Enormous Enormous Room Room 大房间;XLI Poems 诗41首;Viva万岁;No , Thanks 不,谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米(访苏游记)F F Scott Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(1896-1940(迷惘的一代迷惘的一代迷惘的一代)) The Side of Paradise 人间天堂人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned 美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night 夜色温柔夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon 最后的巨头最后的巨头 短篇小说:Flappers and Philosophers 姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz 爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille 早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace 冰宫;May Days 五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz 像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams 冬天的梦;The Rich Boy 富家子弟;Babylon Revisted 重访巴比伦敦巴比伦敦 The Crack-up 崩溃(自传体文集)崩溃(自传体文集)Ernest Ernest Hemingway Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961(“迷惘的一代”的代表人物)惘的一代”的代表人物) In In Our Our Our Time Time 在我们的年代里;The ;The Torrents Torrents Torrents of of of Spring Spring 春潮;The ;The Sun Sun Sun Also Also Also Rises Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说:Men Men Without Without Without W W omen 没有女人的男人;The ;The Winners Winners Winners Take Take Take Notheing Notheing 胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论:To Have and Have Not 贫与富贫与富 回忆录:A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥到处逍遥William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳1897-19621897-1962 The Marble Faun 云石林神(诗集);Soldiers ;Soldiers’’ Pay 兵饷(小说)兵饷(小说)短篇小说:Dry September 干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury 愤怒与喧嚣愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying 当我垂当我垂死的时候;Light in August 八月之光;Absalom,Absolam 押沙龙,押沙龙(家世小说)Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德·安德森1876-19411876-1941 Windy Windy McPherson McPherson McPherson’’s s Son Son 饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching ;Marching Men Men 前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque 俄亥俄州的温斯堡俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White 穷苦的白人;Many Marriages 多种婚姻;Dark Laughter 阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么我想知道为什么我想知道为什么 Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(1885-1951(美国第一美国第一个获诺贝尔奖个获诺贝尔奖)) Dur Mr Wrenn 我们的雷恩先生;The Job 求职;The Main Street 大先进;Babbitt 巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry 艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth 多兹沃斯;It can ’t Happen Here 事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal 王孙梦王孙梦 V illa Sibert Cather 维拉·凯塞1873-19471873-1947 O,Pioneers 啊,先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor ’s House 教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop 大主教之死大主教之死Thomas Thomas W W olfe 托马斯·沃尔夫1900-19381900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel 天使,望乡→(续)Of Time and the River 时间与河流;The Web and the Rock 蛛网与岩石;Y ou Can ’t Go Home Again 有家归不得;The Hills Beyond 远山(未完成)远山(未完成)短篇小说:From Death to Morning 从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨 Part 8. The 1930sJohn Dos Dos Passos Passos 帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District Money);District of of of Columbia Columbia 哥伦比亚大区(The (The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of a a a Y Y oung oung Man Man 一个年轻人的冒险;Number One 第一号;The Grand Design 伟大的计划);Orient Express 东方特别快车(游记)东方特别快车(游记) John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1902-19661902-1966 Cup Cup of of of Gold Gold 金杯;Tortilla ;Tortilla Flat Flat 煎饼房;In ;In Dubious Dubious Dubious Battle Battle 胜负未定;Of Mice and Men 鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down 月亮下去了月亮下去了;Cannery Row 罐头厂街;The Pearl 珍珠短篇小说:The Red Pony 小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains 大山大山;The Promise 许诺,The Leader of the People 人们的领袖) Part 9. Black American LiteratureFrederick Frederick Douglass Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯,一个美国黑人的自述/My /My Bondage Bondage Bondage and and and My My My Freedom Freedom 我的枷锁与我的自由/The /The life life life and and and Time Time Time of of of Frederick Frederick Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代Booker T. Washington William E ·B Dubois 威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-19631868-1963 Souls Souls of of of Black Black Black Folk Folk 黑人的灵魂(Of (Of Booker Booker Booker T T T Washington Washington and and Others);The Others);The Others);The Suppression Suppression Suppression of of of the the African Slave Trade into into the the the USA USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame 黑色的火焰(三部曲)James James Langston Langston Langston Hughes Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-19691902-1969Mulatto 混血儿(剧本);The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem 哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple 辛普尔精选辛普尔精选辛普尔精选 Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫·埃利林1914-1914- 长篇小说:Invisible Man 看不见的人看不见的人散文集:Shadow and Act 影子与行动;Going to the Territory 步入文学界步入文学界James Baldwin 詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-19871924-1987散文集:Note of a Native Son 土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time 下一次烈火;No Name in the Street 他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work 魔鬼找到工作 小说:Go Tell it on the Mountain 向苍天呼吁;Giovanni ;Giovanni’’s Room 乔万尼的房间;Another Country 另一个国度;Tell ;Tell Me Me Me How How How Long Long Long the the the Train Train Train’’s s Been Been Been Gone Gone 告诉我火车已开多久;If ;If Beale Beale Beale Street Street Street Could Could Talk 假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head 就在我头上就在我头上短篇小说集:Going to Meet the Man 去见这个人去见这个人剧本:The Amen Corner 阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley 为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost 有一天当我迷失的时候有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后迷路前后Gwendolyn Brooks Part 10. American DramaEugene Oneil 尤金·奥尼尔1888-19531888-1953 独幕剧:Bound Bound East East East to to to Cardiff Cardiff 东航卡迪夫;The ;The Long Long Long V V oyage oyage Home Home 归途迢迢;The ;The Moon Moon Moon of of of the the Carribbeans 加勒比人之月多幕剧:Beyond the Horizon 天边外(其成名作);Anna Christie 安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape 毛猿;All the God ’s Children Got Wings 上帝的儿女都有翅膀上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown 大神布朗;The ;The Strange Strange Strange Interlude Interlude 奇异的插曲;Mourning ;Mourning Becomes Becomes Becomes Electr Electr 素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh 送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night 进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉夜常深沉Clifford Odets J J D D D Salinger Salinger 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-1919- 短篇小说:The Y oung Folks 年轻人年轻人 短篇小说集:Nine Stories 故事九篇中篇小说:Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise ;Raise High High High the the the Roof Roof Roof Beam,Carpenters Beam,Carpenters 木匠们,把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction 西摩其人西摩其人长篇小说:The Cather in the Rye 麦田守望者麦田守望者 Tennessee William 田纳西·威廉斯1911-19831911-1983 American Blues 美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels 天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie 玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Streetcar Named Named Named Desire Desire 欲望号街车;Cat ;Cat on on on a a a Hot Tin Hot Tin Roof 热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of of The The Iguana 鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke 夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo 玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Y o ut out 可爱的青春鸟春鸟Arthur Arthur Miller Miller 阿瑟·米勒1915-1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The ;The Death Death Death of of of a a a Salesman Salesman 推销员;The ;The Crucible Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A ;A V V iew iew from from from the the Bridge 桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall 堕落之后堕落之后;Incident at V ichy 维希事件维希事件 ;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop ’s Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟Edward Edward Albee Albee 爱德华·阿尔比1928-1928-The Zoo Story 动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith 贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox 沙箱;The American Dream 美国梦;Who ’s Afraid of V irginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice 小爱丽丝;A ;A Delicate Delicate Delicate Balance Balance 脆弱的羊群;Seascape 海景;The ;The Lady Lady Lady from from from Dubuque Dubuque 来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms 在臂人在臂人 Part 11. The Post-W ar Scene: The Novel . PoetrySaul Bellow 索尔·贝娄1915-1915- 长篇小说:Dangling Man 晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The V ictim 受害者;The Adventure of Augie March 奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊雨王汉德逊;Herzog 赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet 塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt ’s Gift 洪堡的礼物洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the Day 且乐今朝且乐今朝Norman Mailer 诺曼·米勒1923- (1923- (垮掉的一代;文垮掉的一代;文学恐怖主义者学恐怖主义者//亡命之徒亡命之徒)) 裸者与死者;Barbary Shore 巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park 廘苑;An American Dream 一场美国梦;The White Negro 白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself 为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner ;The Executioner’’s Song 刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night 夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism 新新闻报道新新闻报道Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒1923-1923-长篇小说:Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened 出了毛病;As Good as Gold 像高尔德像高尔德一样好一样好 剧本:We Bombed in New Haven 我们轰炸纽黑文我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger ;Catch-22;Clevinger’’s Trial 克莱文杰受审(据Catch-22第八章)第八章) John Barth 约翰·巴思1930-1930-长篇小说:The Floating Opera 漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road 穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters 书信集;Giles ;Giles Goat-boy Goat-boy 山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost ;Lost in in in the the the Funhouse Funhouse 迷失在开心馆里(Title 题目);Chimera 客迈拉;客迈拉; Sabbatical 学院的轮休假;The ;The Friday Friday Friday Book:Essays Book:Essays Book:Essays and and and Other Other Nonfictions 星期五的书:论文及其他非小说 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦1937- (1937- (后现代后现代主义主义))Geography of a Horse Dreamer 马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City 天使城;The Tooth of Crime 罪恶的罪恶的牙齿;Family 家庭家庭 (Curse of the S tarving Class Starving Class 饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child 被埋葬的孩子;True W est 真正的西部);Fool for Love 情痴;A Lie of the Mind 心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas 德州的巴黎德州的巴黎 Poetry: Stanley Kunitz Richard Wilbur Elizabeth Bishop Howard Nemerov 。
作品作家连线Benjaming franklin(实际的精神-practical spirit)----- The Autobiography1.Thomas Paine------- the American crisis (人的shrink- 选自the American crisis)2.Thomas Jefferson----- The Declaration of Independence (里面的几句话We hold these truths to be self-evident , that all men are created equal ,that are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights ,that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness)3. James Fenimore cooper------- the last of the Mohicans4.William Cullen Bryant(the first major poet)------ to a waterfowl5.Edgar Allen Poe[死亡气息和恐怖气息(Gothic air)]-------- to Helen/ Annabel Lee (为了纪念他的妻子)他是美国短篇小说第一人,著名的短篇小说是Rip Van Winkle6. Emerson(美国浪漫主义时期的先驱the forerunner of American romanticism)-------self-reliance / nature(论自然)7.Henry David Thoreau (梭罗)------ Walden8. Hawthorne(霍桑)---- the scarlet letter(红字)9. Herman Melville(霍尔曼. 梅尔维尔)--------- Moby Dick(象征着man and nature )10. Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼----- I sit and look outWalt Whitman 以草叶集(grass of leaves )而著名11. Emily Dickinson(19世纪唯一的女诗人)---- I felt a funeral , in my brain12. Harriet Beecher Stow斯托--- Uncle Tom’s cabin(又名the tragedy of the black 黑人的悲剧)13. Mark Twain----- the adventures of tom sawyer14 O. Henry –欧亨利--- the cop and the Anthem (最大的特点是幽默)15. Henry James亨利詹姆斯---- A portrait of A lady (His masterpiece )/Daisy Miller(黛西米勒)16. Jack London杰克伦敦----- the sea wolf (major work )/Martin Eden (自传体小说)17.Theodore Dreiser-(西奥多德莱赛)(naturalist自然主义作家)------ sister carrie (his masterpiece ),对于嘉莉妹妹(sister Carrie )城市的霓虹灯就是磁体(magnet ) ,嘉莉妹妹变坏了(become worse ).(T) 当嘉莉妹妹(sister carrie )离开家时她非常的纯洁(simple minded)(T)18. Nature is the bible of transcendentalism19. The first American writer --- john smith20.Philip Freneau菲利普弗伦落--- the father of American poetry21. Puritan thoughts(清教思想) ------ 清教徒里什么人都有吗(F)22. Washington irving(the legend of sleepy hollow)---- father of American literature23. Emerson ------ forerunner(先驱) of American romanticism (美国浪漫主义)24.霍桑的词有什么特色---- symbolic25. Uncle Tom 是一个具有反叛精神的人物吗(F)26. Washington irving华盛顿欧文是美国最著名的第一个非诗歌诗人即(prose writer)也是最浪漫的美国人27.清教思想即hard work , thrift piety and sobriety28. Washington irving’s Sketch Book marked the beginning of American romanticism In his sketch book appeared the first morden short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.29. William Cullen Bryant 威廉科伦布莱恩特– to a waterfowl 中power 指的是divine power神圣的力量主题(main point):his sense of divine power guiding and protecting everything in nature30. Emerson’s self-reliance 里的几句话--- there is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at he conviction that envy is ignorance(嫉妒是忽略); that imitation is suicide(模仿是自杀); that he must take himself for better ; for worse ; as his portion30. A whaling ship , he said , was my “yale college and my Harvard “一艘母鲸船就是我的耶鲁大学和哈弗大学这句话是Herman Melville (赫尔曼梅尔维尔) 说的31.Henry James is the forerunner 0of the stream of consciousness and psychological realism (亨利詹姆斯是意识流和心里现实主义的先驱)32. analysis of Jack London’s The Sea wolf (对杰克伦敦的海狼的分析)五.The character of the sea wolf1 Van weyden 是个很强势的人(F) 他是个文弱的书生2 选段:the chagrin wolf Larsen felt from being ignored by maud Brewster and me in the conversation at table had to express itself in some fashion , and it fell to Thomas mugrudege to be the victim. He had not mended his ways nor his shirt , though the latter he contended he had changed I’ve given you warning , cooky , wolf Larsen said and now you have got to take your medicine3take one’s medicine 自食其果4 Trilogy of Desire (欲望三部曲):the financer, the Titan and the Stotic5Jack London’s autobiographical novel (自传体小说):the Genius6. An American tragedy -----------Jack London7American realism :it came as reaction against the lie of romanticism and transcendentalism8 Naturalism : American naturalism was a new and hasher realism9 当地色彩主义:当地的习俗(local custom )当地的景观(scenery )六.The Road Not Taken 未选择的路Robert Frost 罗伯特?弗罗斯特Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, 森林叶黄,林中岔道各奔一方And sorry I could not travel both 我一人独行,无限惆怅And be one traveler, long I stood 不能把两条路同时造访And looked down one as far as I could 良久伫立,我朝第一条路眺望To where it bent in the undergrowth; 路转处惟见林深草长Then took the other, as just as fair, 我再把另一条路探望And having perhaps the better claim, 一样美丽,一样坦荡Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 但或许更令人向往Though as for that, the passing there 虽然两条路都曾有行人过往Had worn them really about the same, 但这条路芳草萋萋,更少人踏荒And both that morning equally lay 那天早晨落叶满道上In leaves no step had trodden black. 落叶上尚无脚踩的痕伤Oh, I kept the first for another day! 啊,且将第一条路留待他日寻访Yet knowing how way leads on to way, 明知道路穷处又是路I doubted if I should ever come back. 重游此地怕是痴想I shall be telling this with a sigh 那以后岁月流逝,日久天长Somewhere ages and ages hence: 有一天长叹一声我要诉讲Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - 林中两条岔道彷徨I took the one less traveled by, 我选择了行人更少的一条And that has made all the difference. 人生因此而迥然不同这首名诗《The Road NotTaken》形式是传统的抑扬格四音步,但音步可变(含有不少抑抑扬的成分);每节的韵式为abaab 。
对菲利普·拉金诗歌中反讽艺术的解析菲利普·拉金是一位英国诗人,他的诗歌充满了反讽的艺术手法。
在拉金的诗歌中,反讽被用于表达对社会现象、个人行为或文化制度的批评和讽刺。
他的反讽诗歌兼具幽默和刻薄的风格,常常令人被其锐利的观察和诙谐的用词所震撼。
本文对拉金诗歌中的反讽艺术进行解析,旨在理解这一艺术形式的基本特征和其深刻的含义。
首先,拉金的反讽诗歌往往是以一种具有假设性质的方式进行的。
他通过把某些奇怪、可笑或矛盾的行为提到一个极端示例中,比如一个人会关注他的痔疮问题而忘记世界上更大的问题,从而让读者在反思时产生共鸣。
在这种情况下,拉金的反讽诗歌似乎是在向读者提出问题:你们是否也注意到这种行为浪费了时间和资源?西尔维娅·普拉思写道:“拉金的反讽风格给予人身边事物一个看似恶作剧般的形象,从而暴露它们现实世界里的荒谬。
”其次,拉金的反讽诗歌往往涉及到社会上的具体问题。
他运用反讽的手法对社会现象进行批评,有时候甚至是直截了当的批评。
他有时候会指出某些普遍存在的问题,比如社会上的权力斗争和政治腐败,评论社会的道德危机,以及现代商业对人类可替代性的影响。
在这个过程中,拉金的反讽被视为是一种非常直接的社会批评方式。
第三,拉金的反讽诗歌在一定程度上是值得欣赏的。
尽管这种欣赏源于拉金的谔谔诙谐的语言风格,但在拉金的反讽之中也包含着丰富的思考和对社会问题的深刻认识。
拉金通过反讽的手法,迫使读者停下来思考反讽背后的真实意义,并激发我们对生活的更深的理解。
与此同时,拉金的反讽也促使我们思考生活中的荒唐行为和常态化的矛盾。
综合而言,拉金的反讽艺术是一种非常有意思的诗歌形式。
它通过挑战常规和生动的比喻来提示现实生活中的荒谬和矛盾,同时也取悦了读者。
拉金的反讽诗歌既是对社会现象和文化制度的批评,也是对人类行为的反思,给了我们端正思考的机会。
在阅读拉金的诗歌时,我们不仅可以获取到知识,同时还能从中品味何为优美的艺术和感悟到人生的真谛。
托马斯哈代的诗歌精译
摘要:
1.托马斯哈代简介
2.哈代诗歌的两大主题
3.哈代诗歌中的悲观主义色彩
4.哈代诗歌精译的选篇及翻译技巧
5.哈代诗歌在中国文学界的地位和影响
正文:
托马斯哈代(Thomas Hardy,1840-1928)是19 世纪英国著名的诗人、小说家,他的创作涵盖了诗歌、小说、戏剧等多个领域。
哈代的诗歌以其独特的艺术风格和深刻的思想内涵在世界文学史上占有重要地位。
哈代的诗歌主要围绕两个主题展开:一是对生活的悲观态度,二是对自然和历史的敬畏。
在哈代眼中,生活是残酷和无奈的,人类在命运面前无能为力。
这种悲观主义色彩在他的诗歌中得到了淋漓尽致的表现。
然而,在哈代的诗歌中,悲观并不意味着消极。
他通过对人类命运的深刻剖析,揭示了生命的真谛。
哈代的诗歌具有丰富的内涵和强烈的艺术感染力,引人深思。
在哈代诗歌的精译过程中,译者需要准确地把握原诗的意境和情感,力求在汉语中再现哈代诗歌的独特魅力。
在选篇方面,可以挑选一些具有代表性的诗歌,如《无名的悲伤》、《黎明的使者》等。
哈代诗歌在中国文学界具有较高的地位和影响。
自20 世纪初以来,哈代
诗歌逐渐被译介到我国,成为中国诗人学习和借鉴的榜样。
哈代的悲观主义诗风对我国现代诗歌的发展产生了重要影响,一些诗人如徐志摩、朱自清等都在自己的创作中表达了对哈代诗歌的敬意。
总之,托马斯哈代的诗歌以其独特的艺术风格、深刻的思想内涵和广泛的影响力,在英美文学史上具有重要地位。
英国文学史资料I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in asentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlledway Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express theirideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
文学评论托马斯·哈代和菲利普·拉金战争诗歌的差异The differences between Thomas Hardy’s War Poems and Philip Larkin’s段芳芳 丽江师范高等专科学校 云南 丽江 674100摘 要:托马斯·哈代和菲利普·拉金是闻名于世的两位小说家和诗人,尽管二人出生在不同的年代,写作风格上有些类同,并且菲利普·拉金深受托马斯·哈代的影响,然而二人的战争诗歌还是有巨大的差异,本文将从多方面来讨论托马斯·哈代和菲利普·拉金战争诗歌的差异。
关键词:战争诗歌;影响;差异Abstract:Thomas Hardy and Philip Larkin were both famous novelists and poets, they lived in different periods. Though they have something in common in the writing style,because Larkin was greatly influenced by Hardy, there are also great differences betweentheir war poems, so the article is mainly to discuss the difference between ThomasHardy’s War Poems and Philip Larkin’s.Key Words: war poet; influence; differences[中图分类号]:I052 [文献标识码]:A [文章编号]:1002-2139(2011)-06-0001-01I. IntroductionThomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockhampton, Dorset, England, cremated and ashes buried in Poets’ Corner, Westminster Abbey, London, England; heart buried in Stinsford, Dorset, England. One of Hardy’s unusual claims to distinction as a poet is that his first book of verse was not published until he was fifty-eight and had already achieved fame as a novelist.Philip Larkin was born in 1922 in Coventry, England. He attended St. John’s College, Oxford. With his second volume of poetry, The Less Deceived (1955), Larkin became the preeminent poet of his generation, and a leading voice of what came to be called “The Movement,” a group of young English writers who rejected the prevailing fashion for neo-Romantic writing in the style of Yeats and Dylan Thomas.They both wrote famous war poems, Larkin’s famous war poem is Church Going, which describes the England after the World War II. While Hardy’s represented works are Drummer Hodge, Channel Firing, The Man He Killed and In Time of “The Breaking of Nations, these poems are about different wars. Though Larkin was influenced by Hardy, they had different places in the poems.II. War PoemsDrummer Hodge tells a West Country boy, who has fallen in battle in South Africa, during the Boer War. Hardy uses Afrikaans words to emphasize this strangeness. The poem is restrained but evokes great sympathy for Hodge. From clues that Hardy works skillfully into the verse account we can work out a great amount of information about what has happened.Church Going was written by Larkin after the World War II, this poem demonstrates a more evenhanded critique of religion than Hitchens’. And the poet affirms the value of “seriousness” and though compulsions are perhaps misrobed as destinies, they are aspects of being that are not doomed to obsolescence.III. The differences between the War PoemsHardy and Larkin are famous war poets in different times, but the effects and influences of the wars are the same, the people who suffer greatly in the wars are the common people. They have offered more in the wars and lost greatly in the wars.Drummer Hodge is an economical and very restrained poem contains no explicit condemnation of war, but the implied criticism can hardly be missed. The language of the poem is for the most part simple and natural and conveys with clarity what befalls Hodge.Compared with Church Going, Drummer Hodge is simpler; this poem does not contain very complex situations and characters. And this poem was written in third person, just telling a very common story about a simple solider. Church Going is written in first person, all the poet tells us is the thought and the feelings of the poet. And this poem is full of humors and the poverty of the citizens.IV. ConclusionHardy and Larkin are two famous poets, Larkin is influenced by Hardy. However, they have differences in writing. From the topics of the poems, the tone, the attitudes to the writing styles, they have their own opinions and thinking towards the wars and they also use different tones to tell readers the story, the sufferings, and the effects.References:1、Williams, Merryn. A Preface to Hardy[M] .Peking University Press, 2005.2、陈雯 托马斯 哈代在《1912-1913组诗》中的自我超越[D] 中南大学,2006.3、傅浩 英国“运动派”的诗歌审美形式观和本体观[J],中国社会科学研究生院学报,1991,(02).1。
诗人艾略特是谁T·S·艾略特是一位著名的诗人、剧作家和文学批判家,是诗歌现代派运动领袖。
下面是店铺搜集整理的诗人艾略特的简介,希望对你有帮助。
诗人艾略特的简介托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特(Thomas Stearns Eliot,1888年9月26日-1965年1月4日)原籍美国,后加入英国国籍。
是后期象征主义文学最大的代表,也是西方现代主义文学最有影响的诗人和评论家。
艾略特于1922年发表的《荒原》为他赢得了国际声誉,被评论界看作是二十世纪最有影响力的一部诗作,也被认为是英美现代诗歌的里程碑。
1948年,艾略特结集出版的《四个四重奏》使他获得了一生中最大的荣誉诺贝尔文学奖,也因此确立了他最伟大英语诗人和作家的地位,艾略特晚年致力于诗剧创作,1956年在伦敦逝世,其作为诗人、评论家、剧作家,其作品在二十世纪乃至今日的文学史上影响极为深远。
艾略特的主要作品有《荒原》、《烧毁的诺顿》、《四首四重奏》、《神圣的树林》、《家庭聚会》等。
艾略特的生平简介T·S·艾略特1888年出生于美国密苏里州的圣路易斯。
T·S·艾略特在1948年获得了诺贝尔文学家。
艾略特的祖父是一位牧师,他曾经担任了大学的校长,父亲是经商的,母亲是一位诗人,写过很过宗教诗歌。
艾略特曾经在哈佛大学学习哲学和比较文学,还接触了梵文和东方文化,对黑格尔派的哲学也十分有兴趣,曾经受到了法国象征主义文学的影响。
1914年,艾略特认识了美国著名的诗人庞德。
在第一次世界大战爆发之后,他就来到英国,并定居在了伦敦,先后做过银行职员和教师等职业。
1922年,T·S·艾略特创办了文学评论季刊《标准》,担任了主编,一直到1939年才辞去。
艾略特认为自己在政治上是保皇党,文学上是古典主义者。
在1922年T·S·艾略特所发表的《荒原》为他赢得了国际名誉,并被评论界看作是二十世纪最具有影响力的一部诗作,也被认为是英美现代诗歌的里程碑。
第22单元菲利普•拉金Philip Larkin (1922- ) (菲利普·拉金)1. Life(生平)Philip Larkin was a poet and novelist. He was born in Coventry and studied at Oxford. After graduation, he worked in lib rary. In 1965, Larkin won Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry. In 1955, Larkin published his masterpiece The Less Deceived, which marked the beginning of the “movement” poetry. With distinctive insight, Larkin described loneliness and death, also revealed vulgar and hypocritical social phenomenon. He was influenced by Edward Thomas and was good at using traditional poetic forms.菲利普·拉金,诗人、小说家。
生于考文垂市,受教育于牛津大学。
毕业后曾在多处图书馆工作。
曾于l965年获女王金质诗歌奖章。
l955年发表的诗集《受骗较少的人》是他的成名作,也是“运动派”诗歌开始的标志。
拉金以独到的洞察力,表现孤独、死亡等主题,揭露庸俗虚伪的社会现象。
他受哈代与托马斯的影响很深,善于运用传统的诗歌形式。
2. Major Works(主要作品)The Less Deceived 《受骗较少的人》The Whitsun Weddings 《降灵节婚礼》High Windows 《高窗》3. Selected Works(选读作品)◆Church Going《去教堂》The poem expresses the complex mood of an agnostic. The hero respected church although he didn’t believe religion, especially Christianity. He tried to find out why he had such mood towards church. As Larkin himself said, he wrote poems to preserve his own experience and wanted readers to share the same experience. The poem turns from a humorous tone to a serious topic of discussion.诗篇表达了一个不可知论者的复杂心情。
菲利普·拉⾦菲利普·拉⾦诗选那个降灵节,我⾛得晚,直到⼀个晴朗的星期六下午⼀点⼆⼗分,我那⼤半空着的⽕车才开动。
车窗全关着,坐垫暖暖的,不再感到仓促了。
我们经过许多房⼦的后⾯,穿过⼀条街,玻璃窗亮得刺眼,闻到了鱼码头,宽阔的河⾯平平地流开去,林肯郡在那⾥同天和⽔相接。
整个下午,穿过沉睡在内陆的⾼温,延续好多英⾥,⽕车开开停停,缓慢地画⼀条南下的弧线。
开过了⼤农场,影⼦⼩⼩的⽜群,浮着⼯业废品的运河,罕见的暖房⼀闪⽽过,树篱随着地势起伏;偶然有草地的清⾹代替了车厢椅套的⽓味,直到下⼀个城市,没有风格的新城,⽤整⽚的废汽车来迎接我们。
⼀开始,我没注意到婚礼的动静,每个停车的站台闪着阳光,我对阴影⾥的活动没有兴趣,凉爽的长⽉台上有点喊声笑声,我以为只是搬邮件的⼯⼈在闹着玩,因此继续看我的书。
等车⼀开动,我才看见经过⼀些笑着的亮发姑娘,我才看见经过⼀些笑着的亮发姑娘,她们学着时髦,⾼跟鞋⼜加⾯纱,怯⽣⽣地站在⽉台上,看我们离开,像是在⼀桩公案结束之后,挥⼿告别留下来的什么东西。
这使我感到兴趣,在下⼀站很快探出头来,看得更仔细,这才发现另⼀番景像:穿套装的⽗亲,腰系⼀根宽⽪带,额⾓上全是皱纹;爱嚷嚷的胖母亲;⼤声说着脏话的舅舅;此外就是新烫的发,尼龙⼿套,仿造的珠宝,柠檬黄、紫红、茶青的⾐料把姑娘们同其他⼈分别开来。
是的,从车场外边的咖啡店,宴会厅,和插满彩旗的旅游团的休息室来看,结婚的⽇⼦已近尾声。
在整个旅程中都有新婚夫妇上车,别的⼈站在⼀边,最后的纸花扔过了,随着最后的嘱咐;⽽更向前⾏,每张脸似乎都表明究竟看到什么在隐退: 孩⼦们不⾼兴,由于沉闷;⽗亲们尝到了从未有过的巨⼤成功,感到绝对滑稽;⼥⼈们彼此私语,共享秘密,如谈⼀次快活的葬礼;⽽姑娘们,把⼿包抓得更紧,盯着⼀幅受难图。
总算是⾃由了,满载着他们所见的⼀切的总和,⽕车向伦敦急驰,拖着⼀串串蒸汽。
现在⽥野换成了⼯地,⽩杨树在主要公路上投下长长的影⼦,这样过了⼤约五⼗分钟,后来想起来,这时间正够整⼀整帽⼦,说⼀声“可真把我急死了”,于是⼗⼏对男⼥过起了结婚⽣活。
英语诗歌:二者的辐合(“泰坦尼克号”失事所感)Convergence of the Twain (Lines on the loss of the Titanic) 二者的辐合(“泰坦尼克号”失事所感)Thomas Hardy 作者:托马斯?哈代翻译:梁实秋IIn a solitude of the sea在大海的寂寥中Deep from human vanity,深离人类的虚荣And the Pride of Life that planned her, stilly couches she.和建造她的那份骄傲,她长眠不醒IISteel chambers, late the pyres钢铁打成的房间Of her salamandrine fires,像火烧过的柴堆一般Cold currents thrid, and turn to rhythmic tidal lyres.冷潮像弹琴似的在其中穿打IIIOver the mirrors meant豪华的明镜To glass the opulent原是为绅商照映The sea-worm crawls——grotesque,slimed,dumb,indifferent.如今虫豸在上面爬——粘湿丑陋,蠢蠢欲动Jewels in joy designed玲珑剔透的珠宝To ravish the sensuous mind原是为供人夸耀Lie lightless, all their sparkles bleared and black and blind.如今黯然失色的在那里睡觉VDim moon-eyed fishes near张着大眼的鱼Gaze at the gilded gear对着这些晶莹灿烂的东西And query: "What does this vaingloriousness down here?". . .问道:“这狂妄之物在这里做什么呢?”VIWell: while was fashioning在制造这飞鸟一般的This creature of cleaving wing,庞大的怪物之际The Immanent Will that stirs and urges everything搅动一切之旋转宇宙的动力VIIPrepared a sinister mate也为她制造了不祥的伙伴For her——so gaily great————好伟大好壮观——A Shape of Ice, for the time fat and dissociate目前远在天边的一座大冰山And as the smart ship grew他们彼此不相干In stature, grace, and hue谁也不能看穿In shadowy silent distance grew the Iceberg too.他们以后会融合成为一团IXAlien they seemed to be:No mortal eye could seeThe intimate welding of their later history.XOr sign that they were bent或是有任何迹象By paths coincident他们会走到一条线上On being anon twin halves of one August event,不久成为一件惨案的双方XITill the Spinner of the Years直到宇宙的主宰Said "Now!" And each one hears,说一声“现在!”And consummation comes, and jars two hemispheres.于是大功告成,两个撞在一块背景知识:托马斯·哈代,英国诗人、小说家。
仅是每一位文物工作者的责任,也应该成为城市市民的共同义务。
文物保护,关系到城市可持续发展的问题。
以上实例告诉我们,对文化遗产置之不理任其消亡,我们丢失的是历史,削减的是城市的文化底蕴。
反之,经过努力,城市现代化建设与保护历史文化是可以兼顾的。
城市作为文化的载体和容器,积淀着丰厚的文化底蕴,承载着人类文明的精华。
进入21世纪,城市发展与文化遗产保护的冲撞愈加猛烈。
在推土机毫不留情的轰鸣中,在老房子轰然倒地的尘烟里,城市的历史记忆逐渐残缺不齐,最终面目全非。
在前所未有的冲撞中,城市发展与文化传承经历着痛苦的纠缠,既有理性的难舍难分,又有失当的忍痛割爱,更有盲目的乱拆乱建。
在付出沉重代价的同时,文化遗产保护愈加引起人们的关注。
郑州是一个城市化加速发展过程短、建设强度较大的城市,文化遗产保护和城市发展建设的矛盾在这里就表现得非常明显。
作为八大古都的郑州,在城市建设发展规划中不仅要重视地下文物的保护,也要充分认识到20世纪文化遗产保护的重要性。
20世纪遗产被称为“活着的遗产”、具有“传统”与“现代”双重
性。
“活着的遗产”顾名思义就是功能延续型的遗产,因为一直在使用、维护,所以保持着鲜活的生命力。
郑州在中国近现代历史上有着特殊重要地位,民族资本的兴起与发展,铁路枢纽地位的确立,工人运动的兴起与高潮,工业生产的强力突进……给郑州留下了大量的历史文化遗存和工业文化遗产,这是城市的个性与历史特色的重要印证。
我们要充分挖掘这些“活着的遗产”的使用价值,合理使用,让它们“延年益寿”,而不是浪费人力物力的简单保护,更不能置之不理,任其自然消亡。
城市化的发展往往带来文化的趋同。
因此,要重视城市文化的历史渊源,重视区域文化的差异,重视文化多元的保护。
保护好城市独具的特色,才能保留住这个城市的精神世界和灵魂。
我们应遵守文化遗产保护的原则,注重保持和发扬城市特色,并实施文化遗产保护全民总动员,通过宣传普及与文化遗产相关的知识,让更多人分享文化遗产蕴含的丰富价值,增强民众对文化遗产保护的意识,努力形成全社会关心、爱护并参与文化遗产保护的氛围。
I.Introduction
II.WarPoems
III.TheSimilaritiesbetweentheWarPoems
IV.Conclusion
References:
ThomasHardywasbornonJune2,1840,inHigherBockhampton,Dorset,England,anddiedafterashortillness,onJanuary11,1928,inDorchester,Dorset,England;OneofHardy’sunusualclaimstodistinctionasapoetisthathisfirstbookofversewasnotpublisheduntilhewasfifty-eightandhadalreadyachievedfameasanovelist.
PhilipLarkinwasbornin1922inCoventry,England.HeattendedSt.John’sCollege,Oxford.Hisfirstbookofpoetry,TheNorthShip,waspublishedin1945and,thoughnotparticularlystrongonitsown,isnotableinsofarascertainpassagesforeshadowtheuniquesensibilityandmaturitythatcharacterizeshislaterwork.
Theybothwrotefamouswarpoems,Hardy’srepresentedworksareDrummerHodge,ChannelFiring,TheManHeKilledandInTimeof“The
BreakingofNations”,thesepoemsareaboutdifferentwars.WhileLarkin’sfamouswarpoemisChurchGoing,whichdescribestheEnglandaftertheWorldWarII.
ChannelFiringisspokeninthefirstpersonbyoneofthedeadburiedinachurch,inwhichthewindowshavebeenshatteredbythereport(noiseandvibration)ofgunsbeingfiredfor“practice”intheEnglishChannel.SogreatisthedisturbancethattheskeletonsbelieveJudgmentDaytohavecome.
ChurchGoingwaswrittenbyLarkinaftertheWorldWarII,thetitleisvague,anditcontainstwomeanings:goingtochurchorchurchisgoing.ThispoemdemonstratesamoreevenhandedcritiqueofreligionthanHitchens’.ForwhileLarkin’snarratorisclearlyambivalentabouttheclaimsofthechurch,healsowrites“YetstopIdid:infactIoftendo”.
Fromthelettersofthepoems,readerscannotseeawordaboutthewarapparently.Hardyuse“drummers,oldman,girl,horse”,thiskindofcommonpeopleandthings,itseemstodescribeafarmpictureinpeacefulandhappytime.WhileLarkinprefersthedailylifeofcommonpeople,ChurchGoing,writteninfirstperson,whichtellsofthecircumstanceofthechurchaftertheWorldWarII.
Boththesetwopoetsuseverysimpleandclearwordstodescribewhatthewarshavebroughttothecommonpeople.Wecannotreadacomplexwordinthepoems.Thepoetsusesmallwordstodeclarebigsignificance.Theydon’tcondemnthewarsapparentlyintheirpoems,however,fromthepoemswecangetthattheydislikethewarswhatbroughtnogood.
HardyandLarkinaretwofamouspoets,boththeywrotepoemsaboutwarsatdifferenttimes.Bothofthemarepitifulforthecommonpeople,whohavesufferedinthewars.Buttheyusedifferenttonestotellreadersthestory,thesufferings,andtheeffects.Wecannotdenythefeelingswhichthepoetsbroughttousaresoreal.Thoughthepoemsarewrittenbytwopoetsandatdifferenttimesandaboutdifferentwars,theygivereadersthesamefeeling.
[1]Williams,Merryn.APrefacetoHardy[M].PekingUniversityPress,2005.[2]ShuohuaQiWillianW.Morgan.回应悲剧缪斯的呼应[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001.
[3]吕爱晶,菲利浦.拉金的诗语新质标准[J].湘潭师范学报(社会科学版),2003,(04).
托马斯・哈代和菲利普・拉金战争诗歌的相同性
□段芳芳(丽江师范高等专科学校,云南丽江674100)
Abstract:KeyWords:ThomasHardyandPhilipLarkinweretwofamouswarpoets,thoughtheylivedindifferentperiods,theyexperiencedtheWorldWarIandWorldWarII,underthosecircumstances,everyonewaswillingtoexpresstheirpersonalemotions,theytwohavemanysimilarfeelingstowardsthewar.ThearticlewillmainlyillustratethesimilaritiesbetweenHardyandLarkin’swarpoemsandPhilipLarkin’s,whichhavegreatinfluenceonthefollowingpoets.
warpoet;influence;personalemotion。