第十九章名词性从句
本章重点、难点：对名词性关系从句和名词性疑问从句的理解，名词性从句作宾语的
各种情况。
19.1 概述
名词性从句是指一个分句在句子中相当于名词充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。这种分句通常由从属连词that、whether（if）引导，也可由连接代词what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whose等引导，还可以由连接副词where, when, how, why等引导。
19.2 主语从句
主语从句是指一个分句充当句子的主语，它可以由that, what, whatever, who, whoever, when, where, how, why, whether等引导。
19.2.1 由that引导的主语从句
主语从句是陈述事实的时候，从句用that引导。that在从句中没有作任何成分，只起连接作用。在大多数情况下，为了保持句子平衡，从句用形式主语it代替，把that从句放到句子后面，尤其句子是主系表结构的时候。如：
It is impossible that he should come over himself.
It’s strange that he should have left without saying“goodbye”.
It’s a pity that he has missed the lecture.
It occurred to me that he had left for Hong Kong.
It was said that he was translating the book into Chinese.
主语从句的引导词that一般不能省略，但从句放到后面的时候间或也省略that。如：It’s good you gave me such help.
It’s natural he should pass the exam.
在少数情况下，为了强调从句，或为了保持句中的平衡，可以不用形式主语it代替，而是直接把that从句放到主语的位置上，这时，不能省略that。如：
That he hasn’t finished the task is a fact.
That we need advanced equipment is obvious.
That she became a teacher may have been due to her mother’s influence.
That he is feeling better is the best news that we’re expecting.
That he didn’t attend the meeting made the manager angry.
用it作形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：
1. it be + 形容词+ that-从句，如：
It is strange (surprising, possible, necessary, natural, obvious, true, important, good, unlikely, fortunate, quite clear, etc.) that...
2.it be + -ed分词+ that-从句，如：
It is said (believed, thought, arranged, decided, expected, known, reported, etc.) that...
3.it be + 名词+ that-从句，如：
It is a surprise (a pity, a shame, a fact, a wonder, a good thing, an honor, common knowledge, good news, etc.) that...
4. it be + 不及物动词+ that-从句，如：
It appears (happens, seems, came about, turned out, occurred to me, etc.) that...
19.2.2 由what, whatever, whoever引导的关系主语从句
由what引导的关系主语从句一般表示“...的事/东西”，what在从句中作了一定的成分（主语或宾语）。在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句，what = the thing which。也可以由whatever引导，表示“...的一切”，whatever = anything that ; 或由whoever引导，表示“一切...的人”，whoever = anyone who。如：
What he need is more practice.
What my parents said was right.
Whatever we talked about here must be kept secret.
Whatever he bought was useful.
Whoever wants to succeed must work hard.
Whoever didn’t attend the classes is wrong.
这一类的主语从句不能用形式主语it代替，只能放在主语的位置上。
19.2.3 连接代词和连接副词引起的wh-疑问主语从句
当主语从句是一个疑问句的时候，用疑问词（即连接代词或连接副词）引导主语从句，但从句的语序用陈述句的语序。如：
When we’ll have the sports meeting is still a question.
Whether we’ll go outing depends on the weather.
Where he is going to build a school hasn’t been decided.
What’s caused the fire is a mystery.
Who will host the activity isn’t known yet.
How he learns English hasn’t been talked about.
Why he put off the party remains unknown.
这一类的主语从句可以直接放到主语的位置上，也可以用形式主语it代替，把从句放到句子的后面，区别不大。如：
When he’ll come to our university hasn’t been made public.
→It hasn’t been made public when he’ll come to our university.
Whether she’ll come to my party won’t make much difference.
→It won’t make much difference whether she’ll come to my party.
但如果句子是疑问形式就只能用形式主语it代替，把从句放到句子后面。如：
Has it been announced when the train is to leave?
Has it made clear what we should do next?
Does it make any difference who buys the gift?
19.3 表语从句
表语从句是指一个从句作表语。表语从句一般由that, what, who, which, whether, when, where, why, how等连接词引导。
19.3.1 由that引导的表语从句
表语从句是一个陈述句陈述事实时，用that引导，that只是个引导词，在从句中不充当成分。如：
What’s troubling him is that he doesn’t have any experience in the work.
The fact is that we have fallen behind them.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
His parents’ wish is that he could become a doctor.
19.3.2 由whether引导的表语从句
whether引导的表语从句表示“是否...”，往往有一般疑问句的含义，whether在句子中不充当成分，只起连接作用。如：
What he wants to know is whether we’ll do something to stop the strike.
The problem is whether he’ll come to give us the talk.
19.3.3 由wh-引导的表语从句
wh-引导的表语从句根据情况可以是名词性疑问句从句或名词性关系从句。下列是各疑问词引导的表语从句的具体用法。
1.what引导的表语从句：what在从句中充当主语或宾语，在有些情况下它是名词性关系从句，可改为一个定语从句，what =the thing which 译为“…的事/东西”；有些情况下它又是名词性疑问从句，译为“什么”。如：
That is what he told me.（名词性关系从句）
He isn’t what he used to be.（名词性关系从句）
Raw material is what we need badly.（名词性关系从句）
The problem is what we should learn.（名词性疑问从句）
What puzzles me is what he’s doing these days.（名词性疑问从句）
What I want to know is what caused the accident.（名词性疑问从句）
2.who引导的表语从句：根据情况可以是名词性关系从句，who = the person who译为“...的人”，或是名词性疑问从句，译为“谁”。如：
That is whom he makes friends with.
That is whom she is working for.
The question is who’ll host the program.
What he asked me was who was responsible for the accident.
3.when引导的表语从句：根据情况可以是名词性关系从句，when = the time when, 译为“...的时候”，或是名词性疑问从句，译为“什么时候”。如：
That was when I went to university.
Autumn is when the farmers harvest.
The problem is when we should take actions.
What I am thinking of is when we’ll have the sports meeting.
4.where引导的表语从句：根据情况可以是名词性关系从句，where = the place where,译为“...的地方”，或是名词性疑问从句，译为“哪儿”。如：
Y our book is where you left it.
That is where we differ.
The problem is where they will stay.
The question is where the conference is to be held.
5.why引导的表语从句：根据情况可以是名词性关系从句，why = the reason why，译为“...的原因”，或是名词性疑问从句，译为“为什么”。如：
That’s why he was late for school.
That’s why he hasn’t finished the project.
What’s puzzling me is why he hasn’t arrived yet.
The problem is why they said so.
6.how引导的表语从句根据情况可以是名词性关系从句，how = the way that，译为“...方法”，或是名词性疑问从句，译为“怎样”。如：
This is how I learn English.
What I wonder is how he has solved the problem.
The problem is how we should use the machine.
19.4 宾语从句
宾语从句是指一个从句在句子中充当动词或介词的宾语。宾语从句一般由that, which, what, who, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等引导。
19.4.1 由that引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是个陈述句陈述事实的时候，用that引导。
有的动词后面直接接that从句。如：
I don’t doubt that he will be able to overcome the difficulties.
I suggest that we should get ready for it ahead of time.
He believed that he could manage it.
有的动词后面接间接宾语，再接that从句。如：
She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that day.
He told me that he was to leave the next day.
有的动词后面接状语，再接that从句。如：
He explained to us that he was late because of his getting up late.
He admitted to her that it was wrong of him to have done it without her permission.
可以带that引导的宾语从句的动词很多，如：say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, believe, expect, explain, order, suggest, propose, imagine, know, declare, demand, hear, feel, suspect, admit, dream, wonder, mean, command, report, notice, request, urge等。除了这些动词后面可以带宾语从句外，有些系表结构的形容词后面也可以接宾语从句。如：
I am afraid that I have made a serious mistake.
He is sure that she will pass the exam.
I am glad that I have completed the experiment.
由that引导的宾语从句还可以用于其他一些动词或用于复合宾语中作宾语，这时常常用形式宾语it代替，把宾语从句放到后面去。如：
I take it that we are to leave here for the city early tomorrow morning.
He takes it for granted that she isn’t going to school on Children’s Day.
I’ll see to it that we’ll get ready for it in advance.
She thought it possible that he would pass the entrance exam.
I found it strange that no one was in the classroom.
I felt it a pity that she missed the lecture.
由that引导的宾语从句还可以作介词expect, in, but的宾语。如：
She has not much fault except that she is careless.
They differ from us in that they work harder than us.
I never go past that house but that I think of my childhood.我没有哪一次路过那幢房子不想起我的童年。
that引导的从句不能充当其他介词的宾语。如果要作介词宾语的话，要用先行词it，或去掉介词。如：
Y ou can depend on it that we shall be there on time.（你放心，我们会按时到。）
Y ou can depend on that we shall be there on time.（错）
Take care that you don’t hurt yourself.
Take care of that you don’t hurt yourself.（错）
19.4.2 由wh-引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一个疑问句的时候，用疑问词引导，宾语从句的语序用陈述句的语序。如：
I don’t know whether he is at home.
He didn’t tell me what we should do next.
She wondered when we would leave.
His parent asked him where he was going.
The teacher didn’t find out why the students were absent from the class.
The old woman asked the policeman how she could get to the park.
这些名词性疑问从句除了用于一些接宾语从句的动词后面作宾语外，还可以用于一些介词后面作宾语。如：
I’m thinking of how we should deal with the accident.
It depend on how you look at it.
She hesitated as to whether she should take their advice.
He said nothing about how the building should be designed.
有个别其他的动词后面也可以接这样的从句作宾语，常用形式宾语it，把宾语从句放到后面。如：
I will put it to you whether we should do something about it.
He left it to my judgment whether we should continue the project.
19.4.3 由who, whoever, what, whatever, whichever, where等引导的名词性关系从句作宾语。
这些从句都可以改为一个定语从句，who = the person who, whoever = anyone that, what = the thing that, whatever = anything that, whichever = anything that, where = the place where等。如：
He believes whatever his teacher says.
He showed me what he bought.
He always gives help to whoever needs it.
I’ll assign the work to who is reliable.
Y ou can take whichever you like.
I want to employ whosever English is good.
We can see it clearly from where we live.
He came up to where I stood.
She was praised for what she had done.
what, which, whatever, whichever还可以用作关系形容词，在它们后面可接名词。如：I’ll bring you what materials you want.
Y ou may take whatever course you like. = Y ou may take any course you like.
Y ou can take whichever seat you like. = you can take any seat you like.
尤其是“what+名词”用得很广泛，常常用于一些习惯用法。“what+名词”可以相当于all...that...（所有的...都...），as much/many as，或any...that（任何...）。如：
I have done what work I have to do today.我今天所有的工作都完成了。
He has finished what exercises the teacher told him to do.
I’ll give you what help I can. ( = as much as)
He promised to lend you what books he could spare.
I’ll give you what information I can get.
I like what song he sings. (any song that...)
The beggar eats what food he can beg.
19.4.4 宾语从句的否定转移
如果主句出现think, believe, expect, assume, imagine, suppose等动词，其后的宾语从句又含有否定意义，通常应将否定词移至主句。如：
I don’t believe he is leaving without a word.
I don’t think he is foolish.
19.4.5 对宾语从句中的成分提问
对宾语从句中的成分提问，如果只是对宾语从句中的某一个成分提问，疑问词置于句首。如果同时还对主句进行一般疑问的这种双重疑问，主句用一般疑问的语序，疑问词放到宾语从句的前面引导宾语从句。
Who do you think he will come with?（只对宾语从句的成分提问，只需回答和谁来）What do you suppose he will buy for you?（只需回答他会买什么）
Do you know who will host the conference?（带有双重疑问，首先问你是否知道，同时还要告诉是谁主持这会）
Can you tell me how I can get to the park? （双重疑问，先回答是否可以告诉我，再回答怎样走）
有的动词不能用于双重疑问句，如：believe, imagine, suppose, consider等，因此对宾语从句的成分提问时疑问词放到句首。而有的动词可以用于双重疑问句，如：know, tell, realize, understand, recognize等。
19.4.6 whether和if的用法比较
Whether和if都可以引导带疑问含义的名词性从句。但whether引导的名词性从句可以作主语，表语，宾语（包括介词宾语），而if从句只能作动词宾语。如：
Whether he can go back to his hometown depends on whether he can finish all the work.
I doubt whether/if it is true.
I don’t know whether/if he has written the book.
但宾语从句如果有or not连用，一般用whether，尤其是whether or not这种情况。偶尔也用if，但必须分开，用if...or not。如：
I don’t care whether or not he attends the meeting.
I don’t care whether/if he attends the meeting or not.
19.5 直接引语和间接引语
当我们引用别人的话时，可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用的部分就称为直接引语，否则称为间接引语。
19.5.1 祈使句改间接引语
祈使句改间接引语通常用简单句，这个请求或命令用复合宾语表示。常常用tell(ask, order, request, etc.) somebody to do something句型。变间接引语时注意人称、时间、地点以及少数动词、指示代词的改变。如：
“Please come to my party on time tomorrow,” he said to his friend.
→He asked his friend to go to his party on time the next day.
“Bring me an umbrella to the office please,” I said to my husband.
→I told my husband to take me an umbrella to the office.
The class master said to his students, “Clean the blackboard before the teacher comes.”
→The class master ordered the students to clean the blackboard before the teacher came. 19.5.2 陈述句改间接引语
陈述句改间接引语用that引导的宾语从句，要注意人称、时态、时间、地点以及少数动词、指示代词的改变。如：
He said to his mother, “The teacher taught us how to make a paper plane today.”
→He told his mother that the teacher had taught them how to make a paper plane that day.
“She is talking part in a beauty competition tomorrow,” her brother said.
→Her brother said that she was talking part in a beauty competition the next day.
“The lake will probably freeze tonight,” said Peter. “It’s much colder than last night.”
→Peter said that the lake would probably freeze that night because it was much colder than the night before.
She said to me, “I like to have dinner in the restaurant.”
→She told me that she liked to have dinner in the restaurant.
19.5.3 疑问句改间接引语
一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句用连词whether或if引导，特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导。疑问句改间接引语时，除了要注意人称、时态、状语的相应变化以外，还要注意语序用陈述句的语序。如：
“Was the money paid to you without delay?” he said.
→He asked whether/if the money had been paid to me without delay.
“Do you mind opening the window?” he asked the lady.
→He asked the lady if she minded opening the window.
“When shall we meet at the gate tomorrow?” he said to his teacher.
→He asked his teacher when they would meet at gate the next day.
“What would you like, tea or coffee?” I asked the guest.
→I asked the guest whether he’d like tea or coffee.
19.5.4 直接引语改间接引语时的时态和一些词的变化规律
1.直接引语改间接引语，如果引述动词（say, tell, etc）为过去时，间接引语的动词必须变成相应的过去时态，一般来说，变化规律如下：
1）一般现在时态→一般过去时态
2）现在进行时态→过去进行时态
3）现在完成时→过去完成时
4）现在完成进行时→过去完成进行时
5）一般过去时→过去完成时
6）一般将来时→过去将来时
19.6 同位语与同位语从句
19.6.1 同位语
同位语通常是由名词词组或从句充当，用以对一个名词进行补充说明。同位语与它同位的名词之间往往含有等同的关系，或列举其部分内容，因此，常常用that is, namely, in other words, for example, such as, including, particularly等引导。如：
Playing tennis, his only interest in life, made him healthy.
My mother, a diligent and kindhearted woman, supported my whole family.
Mr. Smith, a conscientious and determined man, kept serving the old people in the area.
We students should obey the rules of the university.
He is a barber, that is to say, a man who cuts others’ hair.
He can speak some foreign languages, such as English, French and Japanese.
The middle school students study many subjects, for example, Chinese, English, maths.
Most students in our class, particularly Lucy and Lily, like playing Chinese chess.
根据同位语和它同位的名词之间的关系紧密程度可分为限定性同位语和非限定性同位语。限定性同位语不用逗号分开，非限定性同位语往往用逗号分开。如：
He seldom criticized us girls.
They workers work in bad conditions.
The popular star Liu Huan will come and give us performances.
My good friend Li Ping is going to America on business.
Mr. Wang, a professor in the university, wrote a good article on linguistics.
Xiao Y an, normally a timid girl, joined in the lively discussion.
19.6.2 同位语从句
同位语从句往往放在与它同位的名词后面用that连接，连接词that在从句中不作任何成分，一般不能省略。可以接同位语从句的名词有：idea, fact, rumour, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion等等。如果名词是question, problem一类的词，还可以用疑问词引导。如：He asked me to give you a message that he couldn’t attend your birthday party.
There is a rumour that there will be a general election in the autumn.
He had a belief that communism is sure to come true.
They gave us a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again.
I don’t believe his explanation that he couldn’t see the patient.
He asked me a question how he should learn English.
There is a doubt why he was in the scene of the accident.
而定语从句的引导词在从句中要充当成分。试比较下列句子中的从句：
He told me the news that our football team won the game.
He had told me the news (that) you told me just now.
I don’t believe the reason that he didn’t know there was a meeting.
I don’t believe the reason (that) he explained to me.
He explained to me the reason (why) he was absent from the meeting.
19.6.3 分隔的同位语从句
同位语从句一般都是放在他们说明的名词后面，但有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句与所说明的名词也可以分隔开。如：
The thought came into my mind that maybe he was away on business.
The order soon came that the villagers in the area should move away.
练习十三名词性从句
选择正确的答案填入相应的空格中：
1.I’ll see to it everything is ready in time.
a. if
b. what
c. that
d. whether
2.He’ll give his money to needs it.
a. whomever
b. whoever
c. who
d. whom
3.he treated people tells us something about his personality.
a. That
b. How
c. What
d. Which
4.I don’t doubt she is at home.
a. that
b. whether
c. when
d. if
5.The problem is they can complete the project on time.
a. if
b. whether
c. that
d. what
6.The twins are alike. Y ou can’t tell .
a. what
b. which
c. who
d. whom
7.is the best student in the class?
a. Who you think
b. Who do you think
c. Do you think who
d. Whom do you think
8.I doubt .
a. that he can arrive on time
b. if or not he can arrive
c. whether he can arrive on time
d. when he can arrive on time
9.She often goes to school by bike it rains.
a. except when
b. except
c. besides that
d. expect that
10.His plan is better than mine his is more practical and easier to be carried out.
a. for that
b. except that
c. in that
d. for which
11.I think it evident the whole situation can be controlled by him.
a. that
b. why
c. as
d. whether
12.Everybody should obey the rules. breaks it will be punished.
a. No matter who
b. People who
c. Who
d. Whoever
13.It happened I was at home that day.
a. if
b. how
c. that
d. why
14.The reason he didn’t interview you when you came was he went away on business.
a. because
b. that
c. why
d. for
15.It was not clear he entered the room.
a. that
b. where
c. how
d. which
16.Is it that makes you angry?
a. what he said
b. whatever he said
c.he said
d. which he said
17.that made you so excited?
a. Why was it
b. What was it
c. Why did it
d. What did it
18.The population of the city is three times it was fifty years ago.
a. what
b. that
c. than
d. as
19.accept the invitation is up to you to decide.
a. We should or not
b. If we should
c. What we should
d. Whether we should
20.He asked me of the plan put forward at the meeting.
a. what did I think
b. what I thought
c.how did I think
d. how I thought
21.All my friends commented on for him to have chosen such a color to decorate his house.
a. how was it strange
b. how strange was it
c. how strange it was
d. how it was strange
22.is right, whatever they say.
a. Do what you think
b. Do that you think
c. Do what do you think
d. Do which you think
23.He is a new comer. I will give him he needs.
a. which help
b. the help
c. that help
d. what help
24.I didn’t know what it was bothered him.
a. what
b. who
c. that
d. how
25.This is I mean.
a. it
b. which
c. what
d. that
26.He knew his teacher was right.
a. whether
b. that
c. if
d. what
27.There is no doubt he will help us.
a. if
b. whether
c. that
d. how
28.It makes no difference to me he will do it or not.
a. how
b. if
c. whether
d. when
29.His mother was worried about him because no one knew he had gone.
a. the place
b. where that
c. that
d. where
30.He didn’t know which room .
a. they lived
b. did they live
c. did they live in
d. they lived in
31.He asked me I would go.
a. that
b. what
c. whom
d. if
32.she is late is obvious.
a. Whether
b. If
c. That
d. Which
33.I wonder it will rain tomorrow.
a. about
b. that
c. whether
d. what
34.remains unknown to us.
a. Where is he
b. He is where
c. Is he where
d. Where he is
35.? I think he is Dr. Li.
a. Who do you think he is
b. Whom do you think is he
c. Do you think who he is
d. Do you think who is he
36.Can you remember where my text-book?
a. had I put
b. I puts
c. did I put
d. I put
37.The problem staying up too late impairs his health.
a. is
b. is that
c. that
d. which
38.The teacher asked me .
a. where did I study English
b. where I had studied English
c. where had I studied English
d. where I have studied English
39.I I could improve my oral English, but I didn’t have enough time to practice.
a. knew
b. knew how
c. knew to
d. knew how to
40.What time do you think ?
a. Tom will finish his homework
b. will Tom finish his homework
c. Tom has finished his homework
d. has Tom finished his homework
41.the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to everyone.
a. If
b. Whether
c. That
d. Whenever
42. he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
a. The fact
b. What
c. That
d. Whether
43.—Do you remember he came?
—Y es, I do. He came by bus.
a. when
b. how
c. where
d. If
44. I can’t get seems better than I have.
a. What, what
b. What, that
c. That, that
d. That, what
45.It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.
a. while
b. if
c. that
d. for
46. It happened I knew his address.
a. what
b. whether
c. that
d. When
47.the ship sank has been a mystery.
a. As
b. Since
c. What
d. Why
48.My hometown is no longer it used to be.
a. that
b. like
c. what
d. than
49.I will my son is honest.
a. answer for
b. answer for it that
c. answer for that
d. answer to that
50.Everybody is conscious all military adventures by the superpowers are doomed to
failure.
a. of that
b. of
c. of the fact that
d. the fact
51.I knew nothing about his visit to Japan he was there about two weeks.
a. except
b. except for
c. except that
d. except it that
52.Whether it is true, .
a. I am sure
b. I don’t doubt
c. I can say
d. I can’t say
53.He usually rides to school it rains.
a. except it when
b. except when
c. except that
d. except it that
54.I’ll put we’ll leave here at once.
a. you that
b. it to you whether
c. to you whether
d. whether
55.The food and clothes should be provided free to were flooded out.
a. no matter who
b. no matter whom
c. whoever
d. who
56.I’ll see to come back safely.
a. that you will
b. it that you will
c. that you
d. it that you
57.is worth researching.
a. That man sleeps
b. Why man sleeps
c. A man sleeps
d. Man sleeps
58.I don’t care .
a. if or not he stands on my side
b. whether or not he stands on my side
c. he stands on my side or not
d. does he stand on my side or not
59.I believe you have done your best things will improve.
a. and that
b. and
c. that
d. what
60.Things are not always they seem to be.
a. that
b. for
c. like
d. as
名词性从句的解题技巧-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
名词性从句解题方法 <方法>——先大类后口诀法 第一步：先分析出大的类别——定从/名从/状从 即分析所缺部分在主句中的成分从而确定从句大的类别第二步：口诀逐一解决： (I)名词性从句。——口诀——先成分后含义 (II)定语从句。——口诀——先成分后先行词 (III)状语从句。——口诀：翻译即可 例如：名词性从句的口诀执行方法是： 分析引导词在从句中的成分 A 做名词性成分——what/which/who/as(+W-ever型) B 做非名词性成分 a 不做成分：that/if/whether(whether霸王原则) b 做状语成分：when/where/why/how 一旦分出AB两类，剩余的靠含义直接翻译即可解决。
例如A computer can only do _________ you have instructed it to do. (01年31题) A. how B. after C. what D. when 解：第一步：先分析出大的类别 A computer can only do中的do是及物动词，后面缺少do的对象，所以考察名词性从句问题 第二步：口诀——先成分后含义 从句you have instructed it to do中的do是及物动词，后面缺少do的对象，所以前面的空在后面的从句内充当名词性成分，所以可以选择的引导词就可以排除AD(因为这两个引导词在从句中是充当状语的)，而选项B是名词性从句中不存在的引导词，所以B也不对，最后就剩下一个正确选项C 如此这样一步一步下来，逐一进行排除和选择，最终总是可以直接定位到正确的答案。而这个过程应该是完全被熟化在脑中的一个过程，按部就班的操作直至正确答案自然而然的浮出水面。 其他类别的题目也应该仿照此类，依次完成。 2、建立良好的做题习惯，沉稳面对每一个考验。
名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，这类从句分别称为主语从句、 1.作动词的宾语 ①大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： He doesn’t know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在哪里。 ②有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： He told me what I should read. 他已告诉我应该读些什么。 ③如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面： I thought it strange that he failed to call me. ④在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓 语动词think等变为否定形式： I don’t think you are right. *⑤在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句： E.g. --- Do you believe it will clear up? 你以为天气会转晴吗？ --- I believe so. 我认为会这样。 (--- I don’t believe so./I believe not.) 我认为不会这样。 －Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? －. A．I don’t believe B．I don’t believe it C．I believe not so D．I believe not －Don’t you think Jack’s health has been ruined by over drinking? －Yes, he told me himself. A．the thing B．it C．so D．the fact 2. 作介词的宾语 ①that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到： Your article is all right except that it is too long. 你的文章挺好，只是太长了。 Did she say anything about how we should do the work? 关于这工作我们该怎么做她说什么没有？ *②有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it; 如短语动词answer for（担保）、count on (期待)、depend on、insist on、see to(负责，确保)等后接that引导的宾语从句时，必须冠以形式宾语it。 I’ll see to it that everything is ready. 我将负责把一切准备好。 ③介词后的宾语从句不能由if引导，而要用whether. I’m counting on it that you will come.我期待着你的到来。 She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.她将确保他继续进行。 3. 作形容词的宾语 在某些形容词（如afra id“恐怕”，sure“确信”，certain“肯定”，confident“相信”等）作表语时，可接一个that引导的宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）： I’m afraid (that) I have made a mistake.恐怕我犯了一个错误。 表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词（如be, seem, remain等）后： The question is whether we should accept their invitation. 问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请。 1.when, where, why, because, how 等引导的从句作This is 和That is 的表语 时，表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等： This is why we put off the meeting. 这就是我们推迟会议的原因。 This is why…＝＞This is the reason why… This is where…＝＞This is the place where… This is when…＝＞This is the time when… This is how…＝＞Thi s is the way(that/in which)… 2．主语是reason时，表语从句常用that, 不用because; The reason for his absence was that he was ill。 他缺席的原因是病了。 3．as, as if, because 有时也可引导表语从句； Things were not as they seemed to be. 情况并不是看上去的那个样子。 It looks as if it is (或：were) going to rain.看起来天要下雨。 ▲注意：as if引导的表语从句有时也可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小。 主语从句 主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether, 连接代词who, what which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。 如：1) What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2) Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance. 3) Who will go makes no difference. 1.主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。 如：That light travels in straight lines in known to all. It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知，光沿直线运行。 When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
【英语】英语名词性从句解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．_______ makes me feel worried is _______ singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today. A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; what 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：让我感到担忧的是，今天的歌星是以青少年为中心的。分析句子可知，主语从句中的谓语动词makes 缺少主语，主语从句中缺少宾语一般用what，因此选择 what 来引导主语从句；系动词 is 后面的表语从句句意完整，不缺少成分，因此选择 that 引导表语从句。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句的应用。 2．________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A. As; whose B. It; whose C. As; whom D. It; whom 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家，过去生活很艰苦，到了八十多岁还在努力工作。第一空it is known to us all that…是个固定句型，意为“众所周知…”；第二空为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词the old scientist指人，作介词for的宾语，只能用whom，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及固定句式it is known to us all that…和whom引导的限制性定语从句。 3．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 4． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
（英语）英语名词性从句专项 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．It matters little ______ a man dies, but _____ matters much is ______ he lives. A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一个人如何死去并不重要，重要的是他如何生活。it为形式主语，how从句为真正的主语。What matters much （=the thing that matters much）。第一个how引导的是一个主语从句；it作形式主语；what引导的是主语从句；第二个how引导的是表语从句。故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及主语从句和表语从句的应用。 2．While some behaviors may seem strange to you, remember you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others. A. it; that B. what; that C. that; what D. which; that 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：虽然有些行为对你来说可能很奇怪，但请记住，你认为正常的行为对别人来说可能也不寻常。第一空为宾语从句，从句结构完整用that起连接作用，第二空为主语从句，从句中consider缺少宾语，应该用what，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句。 3．___ surprised me most was ____the girl passed the driver test. A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：最让我吃惊的是那个女孩通过了驾驶考试。___ surprised me most是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what；____the girl passed the driver test 是一个表语从句，句中不缺少成分，故填that。因此选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。4．_______ are playing an important part is well known to us all. A. That who B. Those who C. Who that D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查主语从句。句意：谁起着重要作用，这是众所周知的。主语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故选D。 5．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
名词性从句的解题技巧（二） 安徽省蚌埠二中----朱正军 B）名词性从句缺表语： 从句缺表语比上述情况复杂一些，根据句意分析，如果需要使用连接代词的话，判断选择的 方法与上述方法相同，而表达“谁的？”这一所属关系时则用whose (如：I don’t know whose this book is.)。如： 15. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter ____ it was? 【北京卷2006】 A. were B. what C. how D. which 16. ----Can you do me a favor? ----It depends on ____ it is. 【北京卷2006】 A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 17. I want to be liked and loved for _____ I am inside. 【北京卷2010】 A. who B. where C. what D. how 18. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. 【山东卷2006】 A. as B. that C. what D. which 【这是一个较为特殊的句式结构，从句是第一个are的表语。句意为“发动机对于机器而言就 如同动物的心脏。”】 答案：15. D 16. C 17. C 18. C。选择方法上文已经讲过，在此不再赘述。 如果不能使用连接代词，则根据语义选择适当的连接副词，如Please tell me who/what/where/how he is一句中的几个连接词都是正确的，具体用哪一个要看上下文。 C）名词性从句缺定语： 名词性从句缺定语如果指“谁的？”则用whose，如：I don’t know whose book this is. 如果指“什么的？”则用what或whatever，如：I don’t care what person you’d like to make friends with.或You can make friends with whatever person you like. 再如： 19. It is uncertain_____ side effect the medicine will bring about although about two thousand patients have taken it. 【浙江卷2010】 A. that B. what C. how D. whether 该题表达的是“什么样的”，所以答案为B。 如果指“哪一个？”则用which或whichever。如： 20. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. 【山东卷2006】 A. No matter what B. No matter which C. whatever D. whichever 【谈及星期六的比赛，当然就有了范围的限制，所以要用which或whichever，意为“哪个队”，分析一下句型结构不难看出连接词既是team的定语，whichever team又是will go through的 主语，即“一身兼两职”。同时，No matter wh+只能引导让步状语从句。】 答案：20. D。which与whichever之间语法上的区别和who与whoever whom与whomever相同，whichever可解释为any person who/any thing which。 二）如果名词性从句中不缺少上述成分，则根据句意有无疑问将连接词的选择分成两种情况：A）从句语义是确定无疑的： a) 从句表达的是“一种事实”则用that。 1. It never occurred to me ____ you could succeed in persuading him to change. 【陕西卷2010】 A. which B. what C. that D. if
【英语】英语名词性从句专题训练答案 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2．_______ are playing an important part is well known to us all. A. That who B. Those who C. Who that D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查主语从句。句意：谁起着重要作用，这是众所周知的。主语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故选D。 3．—Tell me something about your adventure in the rainforest, please. — We lost our way in the forest and ___ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. it; because D. what; because 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查名词性从句的连接词。第一空what作主语从句的主语；第二空为表语从句的that。 4．_______ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你不喜欢他，跟我没有什么关系。you don't like him为主语从句，其内容已经是完整的，所以用that，且引导主语从句的that不能省略。 5．________ the weather will not clear up until next week is bad news for us. A. As B. If C. Whether D. That 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查主语从句。句意：直到下周天气才放晴，这对我们来说是坏消息。
第三讲名词性从句 语法填空 【典题试做】 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 3．( 全国卷Ⅱ )As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that, how, if与whether是考查的重点。 短文改错 【典题试做】 1．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. that→where 2．(全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. where→that或去掉where 1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用； 2．连接代词(what, which和who等)之间的错用； 3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用； 4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。 主语从句 1．主语从句的引导词 引导词作用 that, whether, if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，不用if
名词性从句解题方法 〈方法〉一一先大类后口诀法 第一步：先分析出大的类别一一定从？ /名从？ /状从？ 即分析所缺部分在主句中的成分从而确定从句大的类别 第二步：口诀逐一解决： (I)名词性从句。一一口诀一一先成分后含义 (ID定语从句。一一口诀一一先成分后先行词 (ill)状语从句。——口诀：翻译即可 例如：名词性从句的口诀执行方法是： 分析引导词在从句中的成分 A 做名词性成分--- what/which/who/as (+W~ever 型) B做非名词性成分 a不做成分：that/辻/whether (whether霸王原则) b 做状语成分：when/where/why/how 两类，剩余的靠含义直接翻译即可解决。AB —旦分出 例如I A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. (01 年31 题) A. how B. after C. what D. when 解：第一步：先分析出大的类别 A computer can only do中的do是及物动词，后而缺少do的对象，所以考察名词性从句问题
第二步：口诀一一先成分后含义 从句you have instructed it to do中的do是及物动词，后而缺少do的对象，所以前面的空在后面的从句内充当名词性成分，所以可以选择的引导词就可以排除AD（因为这两个引导词在从句中是充当状语的），而选项B是名词性从句中不存在的引导词，所以B也不对，最后就剩下一个正确选项C 如此这样一步一步下来，逐一进行排除和选择，最终总是可以直接定位到正确的答案。而这个过程应该是完全被熟化在脑中的一个过程, 按部就班的操作直至正确答案自然而然的浮出水面。 其他类别的题目也应该仿照此类，依次完成。 、建立良好的做题习惯，沉稳面对每一个考验。2 优秀是一种习惯。建立良好的做题习惯无疑对我们来讲，是高质高效的完成题目所 必不可少的方针与策略。 第一步，先看看选项。 这样可以让我们知道这个题目木身到底考察什么，只有它考什么知识点我们才去找相应的方法去击破它。 例如1. The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. （06 年29） felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 这个题目AB都提及了被动语态，显然这个题目首先得先考虑被动与否的问题。（feel这个感观动词做系动词时无被动语态，所以上来就
名词性从句1 名词性从句：在句子中起到一个名词的作用，并充当句子的主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。分别称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键。判断依据： 1.看在从句中有无具体意义； 2.看在从句中有无充当成分。如有，是充当什么成分 常见的关联词：which, how, why, whenever, what, whether who, when, whom, whose, that，whatever, whoever, where, whomever, wherever，whichever，if，however 一、名词性从句的关联词的分类、词义和用法见下表： 二、从句中that和what的区别 连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而what在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。表“…的东西/事情/样子/的话/的地方”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。 1. I wonder if this is ______you are looking for. 2. Our school is quite different from _______ it was before. 3. Father made a promise ______ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer. I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind. earth is round is known to us all. 6. Is _____ he told us true 7. I have no doubt _____ he will come. 8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon. 三、who 与 whoever ；what 与 whatever whoever, whatever等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而who, what等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。
名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。 That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。 What he said is true. 他说的是真的。 Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。 We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。 He said that he would come. 他说他要来。
名词性从句练习（一） 一、单句语法填空 1．________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy． 2．Children should be reminded of ________ they should do in public places．3．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ________ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional． 4．Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly． 5．I lost my cell phone yesterday．Can you tell me ________ I can buy one? 6．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind． 7．________ breaks the law will be punished． 8．She will give ________ needs help a warm support． 9．I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now． 10．________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions． 11．Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565． 12．It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal． 13．I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ to begin． 14．Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit． 15．The famous player tried again and again after each failure．That's ________ he succeeded at last． 16．The retired engineer is showing ________ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know．
名词性从句讲解 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 （一）语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
名词性从句Noun Clauses 一.基础定义和连接词 1. 名词性从句：就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。 2. 名词性从句包括4种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。 ［判断］以下从句类型： 1) The truth is that I have been there.( ) 2) The fact that she was late surprised us.( ) 3) That he will come is certa in.( ) 4) I know that he will come.( ) 3. 名词性从句的连接词有： 从属连词(不做成分)：that (无意义)‘whether, if(是否)…. 连接代词(在从句中做主,宾，表，定):what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 连接副词(在从句中做状语)：whe n, where, how , why 二.名词性从句位置和特点主语从句：1.可直接放在句首。 2. 主语较长时通常用It作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。 1) . ___ he knows Japaneses known to all. 2) . _____ surprised me was to see him here . 3) ________ he is comingdoesn' t matter much. 4) It remains a secret _____ they climbed up the mountain. 宾语从句：可做动词，介词和部分(表情感态度的)形容词词的宾语。 I want to know whe n we will start. Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh time. I ' imfraid (that) I have made a mistake. 注意：如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用it作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。 常见的可以接it形式宾语的动词有：make, think, find, feel, consider等 He made it clear that he was determined to resign . I thought it strange that he didn ' t call me. 表语从句： 1. 位于系动词动词之后。常见此类系动词有be, look , seem,即pear等 It seems that she has known the truth. It looks as if it is going to rain. This school is no Ion ger what it was before. 2. 主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，不用because引导。
英语名词性从句知识归纳 Prepared on 22 November 2020
名词性从句知识归纳 名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句，而是复合句中的主干。 . That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother. （主语从句） I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句） The question is how we can finish it on time. （表语从句） The fact that some Chinese are still poor is really a great problem. （同位语从句） 一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后. I believe (that) he is honest. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略) I’m glad that you are satisfied with your job. (that不充当从句内的任何成分) He doesn’t care if/whether it isn’t a fine day. (if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分) Please tell me what you want. (what充当从句内的宾语)
（英语）英语名词性从句解题技巧及练习题 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．—What impresses you most when you visit the Acropolis ? — ________ it is that has brought the grand palace into today's terrible scene. A. Where B. What C. How D. When 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——当你参观雅典卫城时，你印象最深的是什么？——使我印象最深的是什么将从前宏伟的宫殿变成了今天惨不忍睹的样子。强调句型的特殊疑问句式：疑问词（如what） is it that+其它，本句强调的是什么使得从前宏伟的宫殿蜕变的，所以用表示内容的what，选B 【点评】考查主语从句和强调句，本题强调主语从句的引导词。 2．_____ is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou VII spaceship, ____ made the country's first spacewalk successful. A. That; what B. What; which C. It; which D. As; that 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：众所周知，中国已经发射了神州7号宇宙飞船，这是中国首次成功的太空行走。第一空处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用what引导；第二空所在句子是个定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，从句中缺少主语，需用which引导。故选B。【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及主语从句和非限制性定语从句的应用。 3．While some behaviors may seem strange to you, remember you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others. A. it; that B. what; that C. that; what D. which; that 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：虽然有些行为对你来说可能很奇怪，但请记住，你认为正常的行为对别人来说可能也不寻常。第一空为宾语从句，从句结构完整用that起连接作用，第二空为主语从句，从句中consider缺少宾语，应该用what，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句。 4．It has been pointed out ________ plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. A. what that B. which C. that D. that what 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：有人指出，驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories.，主语从句中又有一个主语从句，且此主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导。故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。