I. Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of conversion.
1．With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 2．He is not a smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 3．We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 4．My audience varied from tens to thousands.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 5．This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 6．Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 7．No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 8．We find it a necessity to change the country’s economic developing pattern.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 9．Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that
a black man was the first to die for American independence.
10．Some people believe that I – and the 50 percent of Americans who take vitamins – are the dupes of the $ 4 billion a year supplement industry.
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________. II. Put the following sentences into English, using the techniques of conversion.
1.守财奴的特点是贪婪。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
2.采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品(defective product)率。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
3.他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
4.社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力(productive force)。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
5.他对直升机的操作很陌生。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
6.使用核武器显然违反国际法。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
7.红军冒着刺骨的寒风(piercing wind)英勇前进。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
8.中国已经成功地发射了第一颗实验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常，它标志着我国在发
展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
9.该仪器性能稳定，操作可靠，维护方便，因而受到用户的欢迎。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
10.景色之美，笔墨难以形容。
Translation: _________________________________________________________________________________________. Improvement: _______________________________________________________________________________________.
翻译考试高频词汇：教育类
study by correspondence 通过函授学习correspondence school 函授学院
television and radio broadcasting university 电大night school for adults 成人夜校
amateur arts / athletic school 业余艺术/体育学校on-the-job training course 在职进修班
update one's knowledge 充电to become educated through independent study 自学成才
middle / high school affiliated to… 附中人大附中High School Affiliated to RenMin University of China （温州附一医The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College）
2009年6月CET 6
11. A．Fred forgot to call him last night about the camping trip. B．He is not going to lend his sleeping bag to Fred.
C．He has not seen Fred at the gym for sometime. D．Fred may have borrowed a sleeping bag from someone else.
12. A．Summer has become hotter in recent years. B．It will cool down a bit over the weekend.
C．Swimming in a pool has a relaxing effect. D．He hopes the weather forecast is accurate.
13. A．Taking a picture of Prof. Brown. B．Commenting on an oil-painting.
C．Hosting a TV program. D．Staging a performance.
14. A．She can help the man take care of the plants. B．Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.
C．The plants need to be watered frequently. D．The plants should be placed in a shady spot.
15. A．Change to a more exciting channel. B．See the movie some other time.
C．Go to bed early. D．Stay up till eleven.
16. A．Both of them are laymen of modern art. B．She has learned to appreciate modem sculptures.
C．Italian artists’ works are difficult to understand. D．Modern artists are generally considered weird.
17. A．They seem satisfied with what they have done. B．They have called all club members to contribute.
C．They think the day can be called a memorable one. D．They find it hard to raise money for the hospital.
18. A．The man shouldn’t hesitate to take the course. B．The man should talk with the professor first.
C．The course isn’t open to undergraduates. D．The course will require a lot of reading.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
There is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. What is surprising is the method psychologists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their main weapon against super skinny (role) models: a brand of civil disobedience dubbed “body activism.”
Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. After critiquing (评论) the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts. They include slipping notes saying “Love your body the way it is”into dieting books at stores like Borders and writing letters to Mattel, makers of the impossibly proportioned Barbie doll.
According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants. And they continued to exhibit positive body-image attitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists, of four one-hour sessions. Such lasting effects may be due to girls’ realizing not on ly how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. “These people who promote the perfect body really don’t care about you at all,” says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and Body Project veteran in Eugene, Oregon. “They purposefully make you feel like less of a person so you’ll buy their stuff and they’ll make money.”
47. Where do girls get the notion that they need to be thin in order to be considered beautiful? ________________________.
48. By promoting “body activism,”University of Texas psychologists aim to prevent ______________________.
49. According to the author, Mattel’s Barbie dolls are ____________________.
50. The positive effects of the Body Project may last up to __________________.
51. One Body Project participant says that the real motive of those who promote the perfect body is to ________________________.
初三词性转换汇总 A开头的 1. able ability enable unable *disabled 2. accurate accurately *accuracy 3. achieve achievement 4. act actor/actress action / activity active actively 5. add addition 6. advantage disadvantage 7. advertisement *advertise 8. advice advise 9. Africa African 10. age aged 11. agent agency 12. agree disagree *agreement / disagreement 13. aim v. / n. 14. air-conditioner air-conditioned 15. alive living lively 16. amazing amazed *amaze 17. ambition *ambitious 18. America American 19. amusing amused amusement *amuse 20. angry angrily anger 21. answer n. / v. 22. apologize apology 23. appear disappear *appearance / disappearance 24. argue argument 25. arrange *arrangement 26. arrive arrival 27. art artist 28. Asia Asian 29. assist assistant 30. attack n. / v. 31. attend *attentive attentively 32. attract attractive attraction 33. Australia Australian 34. automatic automatically 35. average n. / a. 36. award n. / v. 37. awful awfully B开头的 38. bad badly worse / worst 39. balance n. / v.
英语知识 在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例： 例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。 如不注意词性转换，译文可能是： The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use: The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。 译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets. 以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。 例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。 译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the
词类转换分类记忆I．形容词——副词 1、加ly quiet安静的 quick快速的 slow慢的 beautiful美丽的 bright明亮的 careful仔细的 2、去y加ilycertain一定 clear清楚 loud大声 sad难过的 wide广泛 serious严重的usual通常 final最后 safe安全 real真的 recent最近的 main主要 easy容易的heavy大量
angry生气的hungry饥饿的happy快乐的lucky幸运的 3、le结尾的，去e变y possible可能gentle轻柔的 4、不变 hard难的；努力地，猛烈地fast快early早late晚 enough足够straight笔直 II.动词——名词 1、加er、or、ress 加er farm耕种—农民 drive驾驶—驾驶员司机 更多精品文档teach教—老师work工作—工人 write写—作家 report报道—记者 win赢(winner)—获胜者 own拥有—owner拥有者 加or act--actor男演员
visit—visitor观光者 invent--inventor发明家calculate—calculator计算器 加ress wait—waitress女服务员 2、加ion结尾 add—addition加collect—collection收集discuss—discussion讨论decide—decision决定invent—invention发明物invite—invitation邀请operate—operation手术 3、加ing begin—beginning开始build—building大楼 say—saying谚语 4、其他 serve—service服务 更多精品文档paint画、粉刷---画家manage经营—经理
常见词汇词性转换
动词变名词 1. v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree—agreement appoint ----------- appointment disappoint --- disappointment disagree --- disagreement 2．V+ tion/sion 结尾admit —admission 承认attract —attraction 有吸引力的事或人；conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛consider---consideration discuss—discussion 讨论decide--- decision describe—description 描写，描绘direct---direction determine---determination educate education explain --- explanation express --- expression graduate —graduation hesitate---hesitation invite —invitation imagine —imagination 想象力introduce —introduction 介绍instruct —instruction 指导，介绍3．V+ ance /ence 结尾allow —allowance 允许appear —appearance 外貌，出现disappear---disappearance 消失4．V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束e nding 结尾，结局train 训练---training 5．V+ 其他able---ability---disable assist assisitant analyze---analysis arrive-- arrival 到达beg（乞讨）—beggar 乞丐 amuse --- a musement 娱乐 argue---argument 争吵commit —commitment 奉献develop---development equip ---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治一government 政府manage---management 经营管理 invent—inventor / invention illustrate --illustration inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的impress—impression operate—operation organize --- o rganization permit---permission pollute --- pollution predict---prediction prepare---preparation pronounce ---pronunciation resolve resolution 决心suggest --suggestion solve ---- solution satisfy --- satisfaction perform ---- p erformance --performer exist—existence 存在 mean --- meaning 意义 say ---- saying 谚语 believe—belief 信仰 behave ---- b ehavior die---dead --- death employ--employer 雇主--employee 雇员 常见词形变化
第一章词类和词类转换 1.1词的分类 英语中的词根据其形式特征和在句子中的作用可以分为16大类，列表如下： 名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词和副词能在句中独立充当成分，称为实词。冠词、介词、连词和感叹词不能在句中独立充当成分，称为虚词。 1.2词类转换 词类之间通过一定的构词方法可以相互转换。词类的转换通常有三种形式： 1．派生词 由词根加词缀构成的新词称为派生词。词缀分为前缀和后缀。前缀加于词根前，后缀加于词根后。例如： Happy adj. 高兴的 加前缀：un- + happy = unhappy adj. 不高兴的 加后缀：happy + -ly = happily adv. 高兴地 （1）前缀 前缀一般不改变词类，多改变词义。 1）表示否定含义的前缀 dis- disagree 不同意disappear 消失 im- impossible 不可能的 in- inconvenient 不方便的incorrect 不正确的 un- uncorrected 未改正的unknown 未知的uncomfortable 不舒服的 2）表示其他意义的前缀 re- 重新，再rebuild 重建rewrite 重写 super- 超级supermarket 超级市场 auto- 自动automatically 自动地 inter- 相互international 国际的 kilo- 千kilometer 千米kilogram 千克
tele- 运距离telephone 电话television 电视 （2）后缀 后缀一般用来改变词类 1）表示人或器具 -er foreigner 外国人traveler 旅行者 waiter 男侍者footballer 足球运动员 winner 获胜者runner 跑步的人 swimmer 游泳者 flyer 飞行物locker 柜子 -or inventor 发明家actor 男演员 calculator 计算器 -ess waitress 女服务员actress 女演员 -ist artist 艺术家scientist 科学家 说明： [1] 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾是单个辅音字母的动词如swim, win, run, begin等，构成名词时先将结尾辅音字母双写，再加后缀-er。 [2] 以-an, -ese后缀结尾有关国家名称的派生词见1.2中1 (3)。 2）构成抽象名词 -ness kindness 好意happiness 高兴 -tion invention 发明pollution 污染 -ation invitation 邀请information 信息 -sion discussion 讨论television 电视 -ing building 建筑物painting 画 beginning 开始shopping 购物 -y difficulty 困难honesty 诚实 -ment development 发展government 政府 -sure pleasure 愉快 -ance performance 表演 -hood childhood 童年neighbourhood 街坊 -ence convenience 方便difference 不同 -age postage 邮资 说明： [1]explain（解释），pronounce （发音），repeat（重复）构成名词时，词形发生变化：explain - explanation repeat - repetition pronounce – pronunciation [2] begin, shop 等动词结尾音节为重读闭音节，且词尾为单个辅音字母，构成名词时，应先将词尾辅音字母双写，再加后缀-ing。 3）构成形容词 -ful useful 有用的helpful 有帮助的 -ly lovely 可爱的friendly 友好的 -al medical 医药的traditional 传统的 -en wooden 木制的 -y lucky 侥幸的healthy 健康的 -ive expensive 昂贵的active 积极的
词类转换翻译法 在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 一、名词的转译 1.英语名词转译成动词 由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。 【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。 【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。 【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. ×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。 【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。 【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. ×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。 【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。 【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。 【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。 1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。 ·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 ·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。 ·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。 2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 ·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。 ·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument
1 ) 重要，重要的 1. Anybody can see the _________ of good health. 2. It is __________ to see that the brakes on your bicycle work properly. 3. More __________, the teacher should make the total meaning of the dialogue clear to the students before having them repeat it. ( 2 ) 发明，创造 1. Necessity is the mother of __________. 2. He __________ a story to explain why he was late. 3. It was absolutely new method __________ by himself. ( 3 ) 兴趣，使发生兴趣，有趣的，引起兴趣的 1. Geology __________ him. 2. He’s a most __________ man. 3. He did not seem at all __________ in the subject. 4. I will be most __________ to hear your personal views on the station there. 5. Local colour added __________ to the novel. ( 4 ) 善良，好心，仁慈，和蔼 1. I want to thank you for your __________ to me. 2. The policeman treated the lost child __________. 3. Taking a blind man across the street is a __________ act. 4. Will you be so __________ as to answer a few questions? ( 5 ) 迟，晚；后来，最近，最新 1. I was __________ getting up this morning. 2. Tom came to school __________ and missed the first lesson. 3. Nine months __________, they were divorced. 4. They have equipped the office with the ___________ business machines. 5. What have you been doing ___________.
1 高中英语写作词汇词性转换 第一组： 1. ability (n. )能力；才能---able (a.)---unable (a..) —disability (n. ) —disabled (a.) be able to do…= be capable of doing 2. absence (n. ) 缺席；不 在 --- absent (a.) ---present (a..) – presence (n.) be absent from; be present at 3. absolute (a.) 绝对的；完全的---absolutely (adv.) 4. abundant (a.) 丰富的；充裕的 ---abundance (n.) be abundant in 5. academic (a.) 学院的，理论的 (n.) 大学教师 --- academy (n.) 学院 6. accept (v.) 接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的 - –refuse (opp.) 拒绝 7. access (n.) 通路，入门；（v.）接近；存取 ---accessible (a.) have access to（to为介词）可以使用；可以接触 8. accurate (a.) 正确的，精确的 --- accuracy (n.) –accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确 9. achieve (v.) 取得，达到 --- achievement (n.) 10. acquire (v.) 获得，学到 --- acquisition (n.) 11. act (n. ) 法令，条例；（v.）表演；行动---action (n.) –active (a.) 主动的—inactive (a.) —actively (adv.) —activity (n. ) 活动 --passive (a.) 被动的 ---actor (n.) –actress (n.) 12. actual (a.) 实际的；现实的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact 13. adapt (v.) 使适应；改编 ---adaptation (n.) 适应，顺应；改编，改编本 ---adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt…(for sth.) from sth. 改编14. add (v.) 添加，增加;补充说- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.) add…to 将…(添)加到… add to 增加，加强 add up加起来 add up to共计达 in addition (to) 另外，除此之外 15. addict (n.) 成瘾的人 ---addicted (a.) –addition (n.) ---addictive (a.) 使成瘾的；上瘾的；易令人沉溺的 be addicted to （to为介词）对…上瘾 16. adjust (v.) 调整，使适应 ---adjustment (n.) --- adjustable (a.) 17. admire (v.) 钦佩，羡慕 ---admiration (n.) --- admirable (a.) 18. admit (v.) 承认，准许 ( admitted, admitted) --- admission (n.) 19. adopt (v.) 收养，采用 ---adoption (n.) --- adopted (a.) 20. advance (v.) 推进，促进；前进（n.）前进，提升—advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的 21. advantage (n.) 有点；好处 ---disadvantage (n.) take advantage of利用；欺骗，占…的便宜 22. adventure (n.) 冒险，奇遇 --- adventurous (a.) 23. advertise (v.) 为…做广告---advertisement (n.) 24. advise (v.) 建议，劝告----adviser (n.) 顾问，忠告者 --- advice (n.) a piece of advice 25. affect (v.) 影响 --- affection (n.) 影响，感情 = have an effect on 26. Africa (n.) 非洲 --- African (a.) (n.) 27. age (n.) 年纪 --- aged (a.)老年的—elderly (a.) 28. agree (v.) 同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree (opp)—disagreement (n.) 29. agriculture (n.) 农业– agricultural (a.) 30. allow (v.) 准许，允许---allowance (n.) 允许；紧贴，补助
五、词类转换 1. Conversion into verbs Your information as to discounts for a large order would be appreciated. 请告大批订货的折扣。 We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. 据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年历史。 Kindly give our claims your prompt attention and let us have your remittance in due course. 请立即处理我方索赔并及时汇来赔款。 The best way to guard against large financial losses is through insurance. 防范重大财务损失的最好办法是投保。 Please let us know if our terms are acceptable. 请告是否接受我方条款。 Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate. 温度一降低，生长速度就会慢下来。 In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. 这种情况下，炉温就升高。 Price adjustment should by no means affect the performance of the contract. 价格的调整决不应影响履行合同。 We are exporters of the above goods, having a background of some 30 years. 我们出口上述商品，已经经营了30来年。 2. Conversion into nouns Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 You are kindly requested to “accept” this draft by signing on the back. 请在汇票背面签上“承兑”字样。 The new contract would be good for 5 years. 新合同的有效期为五年。 3. Conversion into adjectives Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但心智健全。 绝对不许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 副总经理协助总经理工作。 The deputy general manager shall assist the general manager in his work. 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。 What are these people after? They are after fame, position and opportunity to be in the limelight. 这个产品的特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。 This product is characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.
英语词性转换类型 (1).动词转化为名词， post-postage mail-mail weigh-weight advise-advice (2)动词转化成名词-形容词 act-actor / actress-active change-change-changeable (3) 动词转化成形容词，副词，名词 fill-full，need-necessary-necessarily interest(v. / n.) interested /interesting (4)n. a. n. a.名词转化为形容词 person personal ( 个人的; 私人的 ) fun funny (5)n. pl. n. pl.名词转化为名词复数 gentleman gentlemen human humans (6)a. ad. a. ad.形容词转化为副词 possible possibly probable probably (7)a. ad. n.形容词转化为副词，名词 true truly truth lucky luckily luck (8)原级比较级最高级 far farther / further farthest / furthest little less least 英语词性转换方法 一、名词变为形容词的方法 1. 在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。 例如：rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。 注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。例如：noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。 2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。 例如：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。 3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。 例如：China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。 4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 例如：danger—dangerous等。 5. 在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 例如：friend—friendly, love—lovely等。 6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词。 例如：care—careless(粗心的)，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)等。 7. 一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。 例如：difference—different, silence—silent等。 二、动词变为名词的方法 1.词形不变，词性改变。 例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。 2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。 例如：work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
1．用所给单词的适当形式填空： 1．The scientist is also well-known for his interesting science fiction. (science) 2. The waiter handed me a bill for $ 20 with a smile. (wait) 3. The lecture by the famous writer amused the young readers . (read) 4. The railway builders were excited when the railway was finally finished. (build) 5. The speaker ended his speech with an English song. (speak) 6. We can hardly say who was the real inventor of the computer. (invent) 7. Everybody enjoys movies, but not everybody can be a film actor . (act) 8. To my surprise, Edward finally became the winner of first prize. (win) 9. The visitors were told not to touch the paintings at the exhibition. (visit) 10. I was attracted by his beautiful paintings. He was a real artist . (art) 11. At first I took the lead, but soon another runner caught up with me. (run) 12. The farmer was proud of his new house. (farm) 13. John’s father is an American, but his mother is a Japanese . (Japan) 14. Most Canadians speak English, but some speak French. (Canada) 15. _Russians_ show good manners in public places. (Russia) 16. Wine is the favorite of Frenchmen . (France) 17. Edmond came to know it was really hard to be a good footballer . (football) 18. The Chinese are a hard-working people. (China) 19. The Englishman likes collecting old things better than anything else. (England) 20. We now seldom see conductors in buses. (conduct) 21. Lovely weather, isn’t it? (love) 22. He didn’t tell his wife the truth . (true) 23. English is the most widely used language in the world. (wide) 24. I’m really hungry. Could you give me something to eat? (real) 25. Take my advice, and you can do the job easily . (easy) 26. I don’t understand the meaning of the sentence at all. (mean) 27. Her brother is studying in a medical college. (medicine) 28. It is impossible to learn a foreign language well in a short time. (possible) 29. The taxi service in the city is not very good. (serve) 30. We enjoyed his speech very much. (speak) 31. I’d like to have your advice on English studies. (advise) 32. They’ve got a wonderful idea. (wonder) 33. They had a friendly discussion . (discuss) 34. It’s a pleasure to collect stamps. (pleasant) 35. Years ago, he was just an unknown writer. (known) 36. Many thanks for your kindness . (kindness) 37. The computer is a wonderful invention . (invent) 38. The science museum attracts a lot of children as well as grown-ups. (attraction) 39. The foreign visitors were greatly interested in the model ships the pupils were making. (great) 40. What an unforgettable day we’ve spent at the seaside! (forget) 41. The teacher said hello to the newcomer with a friendly smile. (friend) 42. Take care not to break the glasses on the table. (careful)
词性转换 1.absence n. absent a. 2.add v. addition n. additional a. 3.agriculture n. agricultural a. 4.able a. enable v. disable a. 残疾的ability n. 5.amaze v. 使吃惊amazing a. amazement n. 6.advise v. advice n. 7.art n. artist n 8.act v. actor actress action activity n. active a. actors actresses activities (pl.) actual a. (实际的) actually ad. 9. apologize v. apology n. 10. attend v. attentive adj. attentively adv. attention n . 11. America n. American a. 12. Australia n. Australian ( n. a.) 13. Africa n. African a. 14. alive a. live v. lively a. living a. life n. 15. asleep a. sleepy a. sleep (v, n.) sleepless a.失眠的不眠的 16. allow v. allowable a. allowance n. (津贴) 17. announce v. announcement announcer n. 18. Asia n. Asian a. 19. attend v. attentive a. attention n. attentively ad.聚精会神地 20. attract v.吸引attractive a. attraction n. (区别attack 进攻) 21. achieve v. 得到achievement n. achievable a. 22. auto v. automatic a. automatically ad. 23. arrive v. arrival n. 24. appear v. disappear v. （dis）appearance n. 25. advertise v. advertisement n. 26. amuse v. amusement 娱乐n. amusing a. 27. argue v. argument n. 28. anger n. angry a. angrily ad. 29. ambition n. ambitious a. 30. (dis) agree v. agreement n. 31. arrange v. arrangement n. 32. age n. aged adj. 33. awful a. awfully adv. 34. accept v. acceptable a.可以接受的accepted a.公认的acceptance n. 35. adopt v. adoption n. adopted a. adoption n. 36. advantage n. disadvantage n. 37. agent n. agency n. 38. assist v. assistant n. 39. available a. availability n. 40. bank n. banker n. 41. begin v. beginner beginning n. 42. busy a. busily ad. business n. 43. bore v. bored boring a.