Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经… … ；过去_
5. care for 关心;照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发
11. come up with 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off 推迟;延迟20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5. . . . you can see in their eyes that the y? re going on a different journey with each new book. ……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of
money.现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有―幸运儿‖。
Section A
1. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
【解析1】help v →helpful
1). help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。
2). help oneself （to ）自用（食物等）。
3). help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。
4). with the help of 在……帮助下。
5). help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。
6).Can’t help doing 情不自禁做....
【2013日照】15. —Mary is so ________
— she comes to you whenever you’re in trouble.
A. useful
B. careful
C. thankful
D. helpful
【2012 烟台中考】25. The woman ___all of her money to charities____ the poor.
A. gave off, to help
B. gave up, helping
C. gave away, to help
D. gave, helping
【解析2】clean up 把……打扫干净（v. + adv.）
clean up the table = clean the table up
①It’s your turn ____________up the kitchen.(clean)
( ) ②Your bedroom is too dirty, please _____.
A. clean it up
B. clean up it
C. set it up
( ) ③If everyone pours less polluted water into Dianchi Lake, it will be _____.
A. deeper and deeper
B. cleaner and cleaner
C. dirtier and dirtier
D. wider and wider
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。
【解析1】sick /ill ：
(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，
也可放n.前作定语。
be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”
sick person = patient“病人”
(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，
be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill → illness n.“病；疾病”
①. You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill)
②.He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲
①I think her (ill) is very serious. 我认为她的病是很严重。
( )② The ___ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday.
A. sick
B. ill
C. good
D. well
【解析2】in the hospital 与in hospital
(1) in the hospital“在医院”
指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等；
(2)in hospital “在医院；住院”
指生病住院。
类似的短语有：
in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上；
in bed“在床上”指躺在床上
Tom is ill and staying in bed.
( ) 【湖南邵阳】—My grandfather was ill _____ last week.
—I’m sorry to hear that.
A. in a hospital
B. in the hospital
C. in hospital
D. in hospitals
【解析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）
cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴cheer me up 使我高兴
( )①You could visit _____children in the hospital and _____them______.
A. ill, set, up
B. sick, clean, up
C. sick, cheer, up
( )②He looks sad .Let’s ___ him___.
A. cheer , up
B. put, up
C. set up
D. call, up
【2013辽宁锦州】11. —He looks unhappy today. —Let’s .
A. cheer him up
B. help out him
C. look him after
D. argue with him
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发食物
【解析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas
give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
Our teacher begins_____________(分发) our test paper.
【短语】：give in 屈服give back=return 归还give a speech 发表
give sb. a call 给……打电话
give away 赠送give away money to kids
give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线
( )①You shouldn’t _____your hope. Everything will better.
A. give up
B. fix up
C. cheer up
D. put up
( )②We have raised some books. We’ll ___to the poor children.
A. put them up
B. give them away
C. give them away.
D. put out them
【2013江苏常州】8. Many social workers went to Ya’an to help clean water and food to local
people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.
A. put out
B. come out
C. work out
D. give out
4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day.
我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。
【解析】come up with =think up 想出
catch up with 赶上追上
【短语】：think about 考虑think of 想起think over 仔细考虑
【谚语】Think before you act 三思而后行
【拓展】v+up with 构成的短语：
catch up with 赶上；追上keep up with 跟上；跟、、、、、保持联系
put u with 容忍；忍得住end up with 结束；以.......而结束
( )①We need______________(想出) a plan.
( )②My mother came up with a good idea which we all agreed to.
A. thought about
B. thought up
C. thought hard
【2013黑龙江绥化】19. —It is too noisy here. I can’t stand it.
— Me, too. We have to________ new ways to solve the problem.
A. catch up with
B. keep up with
C. come up with
5. Oh , what did they ask you to help out with? 哦，他们让你帮助做些什么？
【解析】help out 帮助；帮助......出来
help sb. out 使某人脱离困境
【2013山东青岛】24. He ______ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake
area ______.
A. put out, to work out well
B. handed out, help them out
C gave out, work out well D. gave away; to help them out
6.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。
【解析1】(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的use up 用完
Studying English is__________(use).
(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
We use Internet __________(find) information.
(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
①My mother used_________（tell）us story when we were young.
( )②He used to ____short and ____ short hair when he was young.
A. have; be
B. be; have
C. be; be
D. have; have
(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.
(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth
①Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.
( )②My brother used to _____ up late, but now he is used to ___ up early.
A. get ;get
B. getting; get
C. get; getting
D. getting; getting
( )③Keys are used ___ the door.
A. to open
B. to opening
C. open
D. opening
【记】He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.
他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。
【2013湖北随州】33. –How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
【2013四川雅安】20. My parents getting up early on weekdays
A. used to
B. be used to
C. was used to
D. are used to
【2013黑龙江龙东】30. Sh e live with her grandparents , but she doesn’t now.
A. used to
B. is used to
C. was used to
【2013贵州安顺】18. She ____ live alone. But she _____ living alone because she feels lonely.
A. used to; doesn’t used to
B. is used to; w as used to
C. used to; is not used to
D. was used to; doesn’t used to
7.That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。
【解析】sound (1)n声音We heard a strange sound.
【辨析】Sound/noise/voice
⑴sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。
⑵noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。
③voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）。
Mary has a beautiful voice. 玛丽的声音很美。
Don't make such a noise. 别这样大声喧哗。
【2011大庆4】11. — Did you hear any strange _____when the quake happened?
— No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful
_____of my birds at that time.
A. voice; noise
B. noise; sound
C. whisper; sound
D. sound; voice
【2011四川德阳2】4. Stop making so much _____. The children are sleeping.
A. voice
B. noise
C. sound
(2) vi.听起来，似乎，其后加表语（形容词，介词短语，名词）
—How does the music sound to you? 这音乐你听起来怎么样？
—It sounds beautiful. 它听起来很美。
【2013山东临沂】25. —Do you know the song Gangnam Style?
—Of course. It ________ interesting.
A. tastes
B. smells
C. sounds
D. feels
8.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.是的，很多老年人都很孤独。
【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：
(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。
He often walks alone to home .
(2)lonely①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的
( )①The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____.
A. alone ;lonely
B. lonely; alone
C. alone; alone
D. lonely; lonely
( )②My little sister is afraid to stay at home alone.
A. quietly
B. lonely
C. all the time
D. by herself
( ) ③He did the work all by himself.
A. already
B. together
C. alone
D. Lonely
【2011雅安】12. His grandparents live ____ in a small house, but they don’t feel _______.
A. lonely; alone
B. alone; lonely
C. lonely; lonely
D. alone; alone
【2012贵州安顺】22.His grandparents live ____ in a small house, but they don’t feel _____．A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone
【2013 上海】67. My old neighbor Charles felt _______ after his children moved out.
A. lonely
B. safely
C. angrily
D. happily
9.We should listen to them and care for them .
我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。
【解析】care for 照看；照顾；照料
【2013湖北黄石2】33. Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about
B. care for
C. agree with
D. take care
【拓展】care的短语总结
take care =be careful v.当心，小心
take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看
take care of 处理，做完
care for v.照顾，照看
【2013广东广州3】23. Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to
______ my baby at home.
A. take away
B. take off
C. take care of
D. take out of
10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。
【解析1】give up 放弃
give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事
( ) I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it.
A. give up it
B. give it up
C. give away it
D. give it away
【2013江苏泰州】13. — It's too hard for me to be a trailwalker.
— Never ________. Believe in yourself!
A. put up
B. give up
C. hurry up
D. look up
【2013江苏连云港】11. It was a difficult time for the quake－hit victims in Ya'an, but they didn't ________ hope.
A. give up
B. give off
C. give in
D. give out
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
【2013山东德州】Although many great people ever failed, they never____and managed to succeed.
A. set out
B. stayed up
C. kept on
D. gave up
【2013安徽】48. The people in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven’t __________hope.
A. picked up
B. given up
C. looked for
D. waited for
【2013山东滨州】24. —Diaoyu Island belongs to China.
—Surely it does! We Chinese will never it up.
A. cut
B. fix
C. give
D. set
【解析2】several 可作定语，表示“几个”： = a few
Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。
My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言
11.He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。
【解析】volunteer v 志愿n 志愿者
volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事
①Jack volunteered _________(carry) the water.
②They often ___________________(自愿去教) the children
12.... But I want to learn more about how to care for animals...
但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识
【解析】―疑问词+不定式‖作及物动词的宾语，
【记】：I don’t know what to do.
I don’t’ know how to do it .
I don’t know what to do with it.
【拓展】“特殊疑问词+ 不定式”与“wh –从句的转换。
转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致），并将不定式改成
“should +v原形“做谓语。
I don’t know how to solve the problem.
= I don’t know how I should solve the problem.
①I don’t know what _________(bring) to the party.
②He wanted to know when_________(go).
【内蒙呼和浩特】③—Which dress do you like best, Madam?
—Sorry, I can’t decide _____ now.
A. to buy which one
B. buy which one
C. which one to buy
D. which I should buy it.
13.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种很强烈的满足感。
【解析1】such
词条词性用法常用结构
such 形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数
no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词
such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数
such +除much/little之外的形容词+ 不可数名词
so 程度副
词修饰形容词
或副词
so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数
so+ many/few +可数名词复数
so+ much/little+不可数名词
【解析1】(1)so …that 如此…..以致……
―So +adj.+ that‖ “如此……以至……‖引导结果状语从句
so后面接形容词、副词
He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.
【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many, much, few, little）都用so。
【2011雅安】17. The girl is ____ a nice girl ____ we all want to help her.
A. such; that
B. too; to
C. so; that
D. very; that
【2012江苏镇江】Some word puzzles in this book are ____ difficult that ____ students can solve them.
A. such; few
B. such; little
C. so; few
D. so; little
【2012广东河源】The teacher speaks very loudly ____ all the students can hear her.
A. so that
B. because
C. since
D. when
【2013江苏常州2】He offered _____ valuable(有价值的）advice that ___ people
disagreed.
A.such; a few
B. Such; few
C. So ; a few
D. So; few
【2013江苏泰州1】9. “I'm a singer” is ________ an interesting TV show
________ many people like watching it.
A. so; that
B. such; that
C. so; as
D. such; as
【解析2】get better 变得更好
14.She could read by herself at the age of four.
她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。
【解析】at the age of 在......岁的时候= when sb. Was ... Years old.
【2013南京2】28. —Do you know Mu Yan?
—Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature the age of 57.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. to
https://www.doczj.com/doc/201097744.html,st year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。
【解析】try out 尝试；实验
try v试图，设法，努力
【拓展】(1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
①We should __________________(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future.
( )②We should try ___ much fruit.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. eats
16.She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read.
她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。
【解析】once a week 一周一次
【拓展】once = one time一次twice= two times 两次
【注】：三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times‖
three times 三次four times 四次three or four times 三到四次
I chat with my friends online________________(一两次) a week.
【2013年北京】29.---____________do you go to the cinema?
---Once a month.
A. How long
B. How far
C. How often
D. How much
17....，but you can see in their eyes they’re going on a different journey with each
new book,......, 但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每本新书在进行不
同的旅行。
【解析】go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行
18.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.
对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。
【解析】come true 实现
词条是否接宾语用法
achieve 是主语一般为“人”
come true 否主语一般是“梦想；理想”
①We want to see young people ___________(实现他们的梦想)。
②______________(实现) your dream through great effort is really cool.
【2013四川遂宁】27. If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will ______ .
A. come out
B. come true
C. achieve
【拓展】与come相关的短语：
【短语】come and go 来来回回
come from 来自come back 回来come out 出来
come on 加油，快点come in 进来come back 回来
come over 顺便来访come true 实现come up with 想出
【2013浙江宁波1】24. Scientists are trying their best to _______ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.
A. come up with
B. look forward to
C. talk about
D. give up
【2013浙江丽水2】25. The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will ______ at the end of this month.
A. go out
B. come out
C. look out
D. run out
19.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
我不但可以做我自己喜欢的事，同时还可以帮助其他人。
【解析】at the same time 同时,
【2011上海】This novel can make you laugh and cry at ___ same time.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D. /
20.However,few people think about what they can do to help others.
然而，很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。
【解析1】however 然而
【辨析】however和 but 二者都意为“可是，但是”；
⑴ but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。
I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.
我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。
⑵ however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。
It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy.
雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子
【解析2】few 几乎没有
词条含义修饰的名词的数例句
few 几乎没有（表否定含义）可数名词复数They know few of us
a few 一些（表肯定含义）He made a few mistakes
little 几乎没有（表否定含义）不可数名词I spend very little on food
a little 一些（表肯定含义）I know a little about the story
【注】a few/ few
(1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。
(2)a few ―有一些‖，表示肯定概念，few 几乎没有，表示否定意义。
The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.
这个人在这里住了很多年了，他有一些朋友。
I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.
我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没有几个朋友。
a little/ little
(1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词。
(2) a little ―有一些‖，表示肯定概念。
little ―几乎没有‖，表示否定概念。
There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。
There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any.
杯子里几乎没有水了，你不可能喝到水了。
【2011?无锡1】— There used to be lots of fish in the lake.
— Yes, but there are very __________ now.
A. few
B. fewer
C. little
D. Less
【2013重庆】The girl in purple is new here, so ___ people know her.
A. few B .a few C .a little
21.There are many people who are less lucky than us .
有很多没有我们幸运的人。
【解析】less 较少的；较次的
【2012 呼和浩特1】5. To live a green life, we should try to save ______ energy and
produce_______ pollution.
A. more; less
B. less; more
C. more; fewer
D. most; least
【2013荆门3】113. The world’s population is growing _____and there is ____land and water for growing rice.
A. more; less
B. larger; fewer
C. larger; less
D. more; fewer
【2013黔西南3】120. —Remember this , children . _______careful you are ,
_____mistakes you will make .
—We know , Mr. Li .
A. The more; the more
B.The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer
D. The less; the less
【注】less 可用在部分双音节和多音节形容词和副词前，构成形容词和副词的比较级。
【2013 湖北黄冈】26. —— How far is Yuhua Middle School from here?
——It’s around five minutes’ walk.
A. about
B. over
C. more than
D. less than
【2013湖北十堰】13. －Many boy students think math is ______ English.
－I agree. I’m weak in English.
A. much difficult than
B. so difficult as
C. less difficult than
D. more difficult than
22.For example , we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. 例如，我们可以制定一些计划去看望医院生病的孩子们或者无家可归的人们筹钱。
【解析1】for example
⑴for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，
用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
For example，he is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。
⑵ such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
可以和and so on 连用。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly.
像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。
【解析2】raise （raised; raised) v 募集；征集
raise money for... “为......筹款”
【解析3】home n 家→homeless adj. 无家可归的
be home to … = be the home of sb. 成为…家园
a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩
【2011宁夏】28. We have only one Earth. It's our common _____.
A. family
B. house
C. home
D. room
【拓展】由home构成的合成词：
homeland n 祖国hometown n 家乡homework 家庭作业
homeless adj. 无家可归的home-made adj. 自制的
【2013河南】23 He was born in Italy, but he has made China his ____.
A. family
B. address
C. house
D. home
【同类记忆】careless 粗心的hopeless 没有希望的
helpless 无助的useless 没有用的
be home to sb. = be the home of sb. 是某人的家
【短语集锦】on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
stay at home 呆在家里go home 回家
at home 在家get home 到家
①You should do something to help ________(无家可归的)people.
( ) ②Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second ___ because he has been here for over twenty years.
A. family
B. house
C. room
D. home
【2011连云港】8. After the earthquake in Japan, we are trying to help the _______ people to rebuild their homes.
A. harmless
B. endless
C. useless
D. homeless
23.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another country, like
Africa,and help people there.
有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家，像非洲，并且帮助那里的人们。【解析】stop doing
(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止讲话
(2)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话
(3)stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
(4)can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做……
【2013黄石市】29. Seeing their teacher ____ into the classroom, they stopped _____ at once.
A. walk; telling
B. entering; to speak
C. enter; to tell
D. walking; talking
【2013年孝感】39. —Dad, why must I stop computer games?
—For your health, my boy.
A. play
B. to play
C. to playing
D. playing
Section B
1. I repaired it . 我把它修好了
【解析】repair v―修理；修复‖
1)repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或
失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了？
2) mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。
This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。
3)fix用于需要重新―调‖物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起
来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。
Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?
2. I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。
【解析】(1)take after =be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像
（v. +adv）
【短语】take back 收回，接回take down 写下take off 脱下；起飞
take up 占去（时间或空间）take care 小心take care of 照顾
take place 发生take out 拿出take away 拿走
(2)look like 只指在外貌上与…..相像
【短语】：look after 照顾look up 向上看，查找look for 寻找look out 小心
( ①)—Do you ____after your mother or your father?
—My father .We both have big eyes and black hair.
A. look
B. take
C. run
( )② The girl _____ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter.
A. take care
B. takes after
C. takes off
D. look after
【2011山东青岛2】Tom ___ his father, because they both are cheerful and
easygoing.
A. looks like
B. takes after
C. doesnt’ take after
D. isn’t like
3. I fixed it up. 我把它修理好了。
【解析】fix =mend=repair v 修理，修补
★fix up=repair 修理(v. +adv)
( ) ①—Where is Frank now?
—He ____his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up
B. fixing up
C. is fixing up
( ) ②My watch doesn’t work .I wonder who can ____for me.
A. fix up it
B. fix it up
C. mix it up
D. mix them up
【2013山东烟台】28.My bike is broken. Could you help me to ?
A. fix it up
B. set it up
C. make it up
D. put it up
4.I’m similar to her . 我和她很像。
【解析】similar adj. 相似的
be similar to sb. 和某人很相似
( )①Mary is very similar ____her sister in appearance.
A. in
B. to
C. with
D. for
( ) Her sweater is ___ to my sister’s . They are the ____ color.
A. similar; same
B. similar; similar
C. same; same
D. same; similar
【2013山东烟台】4.The customs in Qingdao are___________（相似的）to those
in Yantai.
【2013浙江丽水2】—Can you tell the differences between two pictures?
—Differences ? Oh , They look quite ___.
A. different
B.similar
C.stange
D.interesting
5. I gave it away. 我把它修理好了
【解析】give away 赠送；分发（奖品），捐赠
( ) —What are you doing, Uncle Wang?
—I am sorting out old books and I’ll ____ to kids in West China.
A. give them up
B. give them away
C. give them off
D. give them in
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bo celli never , which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
【拓展1】与give相关的短语：
give off放出，释放give back归还，送回give out分发
give in屈服give up停止，放弃
give sb. a hand助某人一臂之力give sb. a call给……打电话
give a talk作报告give lessons to给……上课
give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)
give sb. a chance给……一次机会give sb. lessons给某人上课
give a message to……给……一个口信give a concert举办音乐会
give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb.给某人某物
return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人
【2013江苏连云港1】11. It was a difficult time for the quake－hit victims in
Ya'an, but they didn't ________ hope.
A. give up
B. give off
C. give in
D. give out
【拓展2】与away相关的短语：
get away from 逃离throw away扔掉go away 离去；出去
stay away (from)远离put away 放好run away 逃走
6. I’ll send you a photo of Lucky.
【解析】(1) a photo of sb. sb.为宾格，“某人的一张照片”，
强调照片上的人就是他/她本人。
(2) a photo of sb’s. sb’s.为名词性物主代词或名词所有格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的人是sb.
所拥有的。
( ) One of my friends is a policewoman, this is a photo of .
A. her
B. hers
C. she
D. his
【2013内蒙古呼和浩特】2. —Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
—Sorry, I ________it.
A. don’t see
B. didn’t see
C. haven’t seen
D. won’t see
7. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
我肯定你知道这个组织的成立是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。
【解析1】be sure (that) ...
⑴be sure＋of／about doing sth，―确信……‖；―对……有把握‖。
但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；
be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。
I'm sure of his honesty．我肯定他是诚实的。
⑵be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语―必定‖、
―必然会‖、―准会‖如何如何。
It is sure to rain．天一定会下雨。
⑶be sure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，
意为―确信某事一定会……‖。
We are sure he will make great progress this term．
我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步
【拓展】make sure表示―弄确实；核实；查证‖。
make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。
Make sure + that从句意为―弄明白；确信‖。
Make sure + of + 代词/名词，意思也是―弄明白；确信‖。
— Make sure of his coming before you set off. —出发之前要确定他是否来。
— I make sure (that) he would come. —我确信他会来。
【解析2】set up 建立；设立
set up =establish =build建立（v. +adv）
【短语】：set off 出发set about doing sth 着手去做某事
（）①The primary school _____in 1995 with the hope of young people.
A. was set up
B. was put up
C. was found
( )②We have ____ some organizations to help the poor students in the western areas of China.
A. taken up
B. put up
C. picked up
D. set up
【2013湖北荆州4】24. — When are you going to ______ for Shanghai?
— Tomorrow morning.
A. get off
B. turn off
C. take off
D. set off
【2013甘肃白银2】The company wants to ___ a school for the poor children.
A. Put off
B.set up
C.call in
D.look after
【解析3】disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的（既可以做表语，也可以做定语）。
disabled people 残疾人
Though he is __________(able) , Liu Wei made his dream – to be a pianist
come true.
【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】dislike 不喜欢disorder 无秩序
dishonest 不诚实disappear 消失
8.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
【解析】makes a big difference 影响；有作用
【2013广西南宁3】The heavy snow didn’t ___ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to
B.add to
C. make a difference to
D.keep to
9.Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.
或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。
【解析】imagine + n/ ving/ pron v 想象
( ) —My mother can’t imagine ____ on line.
—Many people don’t know how to do it.
A. shop
B. to shop
C. shopping
D. Shopped
【2012河南2】The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life . Can you ___ a life without it?
A. understand
B.imagine
C.consider
D.expect
10.... But many people have these difficulties.
但是很多人有这些困难。
【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
【2013山东聊城】—I have great ____ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?
—No problem.
A.fun
B.success
C.advice
D.difficulty
11.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一只狗这个主意激动不已。
【解析】be excited about 对......感到激动
【解析1】excite→exciting/excited 兴奋的
be excited about对…感到兴奋
①We are _____ about the ________news .(excite)
②—What _____ news! --Yes. We are all _____ about it.
A. exciting; exciting
B. excited; excited
C. exciting; excited
【2013四川遂宁】Everyone was ___ when they heard the ___ news.
A. exciting; exciting
B. excited ;exciting
C.exciting; excited
12.I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。
【解析】be able to 能够
词条适用时态人称和数例句
be able to 用于各种时态有人称和数的I will be able to dress more casually.
变化
can 用于现在时或过
去时（could）没有人称和数
的变化
I could swim at the age of seven.
=I was able to swim at the age of seven.
【2012贵州黔东南】Lucy could read story book at the age of four.
A.is able to
B.was able to
C.should
D.would
13.My dog’s name is Lucky—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. 我的狗的名字叫“幸运”——对于他来说是个好名字，因为有了他我感觉自己很幸运。
【解析】be/ feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运。
【解析1】luck n.“幸运”→ lucky adj.“幸运的”
→ luckily adv.“幸运地”
→ unlucky adj.“不幸的”
→ unluckily adv.“不幸地；不幸的是”
____________(luck), he got the first prize this time.
【2012浙江湖州】The little girl was very _________(幸运的）to get a free ticket to Disneyland.
14. For example, I say, ―Lucky! Get my book,‖ and he does it at once.
例如，我说：“Lucky！把我的书拿来。‖它马上就照做。
【解析】(1)fetch v去拿来=get 去（某地）拿来（讲话者处）
(2)bring v带来从（某地）拿到（讲话者处）
bring up 养育，养大
bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物
(1)take v带来从（讲话者）拿走
take→took →taken
【短语】take care 小心take charge of 负责，看管
take hold of 握住take off 脱下take out 取出
take a look 看一看take away 拿走take exercise 做运动
take it easy 不紧张take one’s time 从容不迫
( )①—Oh ,I’ve left my schoolbag in the classro om.
—Don’t worry. I’ll ___it for you.
A. bring
B. get
C. carry
D. take
( ) ②The teacher told the students ____ any food into the classroom .
A. not to bring
B. not bring
C. don’t bring
D. to bring not
( )③—Don’t forget ____ your history and politics books tomorrow morning.
A. bring
B. to bring
C. bringing
【2013山东枣庄】22.—How are you going to be a basketball player ?
—I every day.
A. am going to practice basketball
B. am going to study math
C. am going to take acting lessons
D. am going to study computer science
【2013湖北荆州】23.— Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _____ it for me?
— No problem.
A. bring
B. fetch
C. take
D. carry
【2013浙江绍兴】—I’ve left my keys in the meeting room. Please ___them for me.
—All right.
A. buy
B. paint
C. wash
D. fetch
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】24.－I’m sorry, Mr Li. I ______ my English homework at home.
－Don’t forget it to school tomorrow.
A. left, to bring
B. forgot, to take
C. lost, to bring
15.I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps
me.如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。
【解析1】send→sent →sent v 发送
【短语】：send away 赶走send for 派人去请
send off 寄出send out 分发send up 发射
send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有：show (展示；给……看) give (给) lend (借出)
offer（提供）return （归还）tell （告诉）
( ) ①You fill in both parts of the form, then_____.
A. send up it
B. send for it
C. send it away
D. send it off
( ) ②Please send a photo of your family ____ me.
A. for
B. at
C. to
D. with
【2011四川绵阳】15. ---- Drunken drive is dangerous, isn’t it?
---- Yeah. That why drunken drivers _____ to prison even without causing
accidents.
A. sent
B. are sent
C. send
D. are sending
【解析2】if 如果引导真实条件状语从句
从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
【2013山东临沂2】23. Please hold on to your dream ______ one day it comes
true.
A. if
B. until
C. unless
D. though
【2013四川凉山3】28. —Would you like to go shopping with me, Carmen？
—I’d love to, _____ you don’t want to go alone.
A. until
B. before
C. if
【2013辽宁鞍山4】23. The children will climb the hill if it___________
tomorrow.
A. won't rain
B. didn't rain
C. isn't raining
D. doesn't rain
【2013广东3】36. If Nancy ______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass
B. passed
C. passes
D. will pass
16. Thank you again for changing my life. 再次感谢你改变了我的生活。
【解析1】Thank sb. for +n/ pron/ ving 为……而感谢某人。
( ) —You study so hard that you’re sure to pass the exam.
—Thank you for ___ so.
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. said
【2013黑龙江绥化】23. ________ the teacher, I’ve made great pr ogress.
A. Thank you
B. Thanks
C. Thanks lot
【2013呼和浩特】74. _____ her husband，she has now become a famous film star.
A. Because
B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for
D. With the help
【解析2】change v 改变；变化
change one’s life 改变某人的生活
change... Into... (把......）变成
【2013河南中考】If you want to change the world, you have to ___ yourself first.
A.enjoy
B.check
C.help
D.change
【单元语法】
一、短语动词分类：
1.动词+介词
ask for 请求belong to 属于look at 看
look after 照顾learn from 向…学习remind of 提醒take after 与…相像
2.动词+ 副词
take away 拿走wake up 醒来put off 推迟
give out 分发think over 考虑end up 结束
3.动词+ 副词+ 介词
come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完
get along with 与…相处do well in 擅长look forward to 期望
4.动词+ 名词+ 介词
take part in 参加make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾
5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词
be strict with 对……要求严格be mad at 对…..恼火
be full of 充满be different from 与……不同
二、短语动词的用法：
1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。
think of 想起look after 照顾look for 寻找agree with 同意ask for 请求
2.“动词+副词”结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。
（1）接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后
（2）接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间
put on 穿上put off 脱下put up 挂起
give up 放弃give away 捐赠hand out 分发wake up 叫醒
Exercise：
【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】22. It’s time for CCTV news. Let’s _______ the TV and watch it.
A. turn on
B. get on
C. try on
D. put on
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
【2013浙江台州】21. —Would you mind ______ the music a little? Don’t you think it’s too loud?
—Sorry! I’ll do it in a minute.
A. turning on
B. turning off
C. turning up
D. turning down
【2013浙江台州】18. —How do you like Li Yundi?
—A cool guy! His music ______ really beautiful.
A. tastes
B. sounds
C. smells
D. looks
【2013四川遂宁】30. The teachers encourage their students to the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A. give up
B. work out
C. look through
【2013四川遂宁】27. If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will .
A. come out
B. come true
C. achieve
【2013四川遂宁】24. Paul’s parents were worried that he too much time
chatting on line.
A. spent
B. paid
C. took
【2013四川泸州】9. Can you help me to _______ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?
A. look after
B. look for
C. look at
D. look through
【2013四川凉山】29. —Cindy, look at your ne w shoes. Aren’t they beautiful?
—Yes, they are really nice, Mum. I can’t wait to .
A. put them on
B. put it on
C. put on them
【2013四川广安】28. —When will the plane _____Shanghai?
—Sorry，I don’t know.
A. get
B. arrive at
C. reach
【2013湖北黄石】38. It ______ me about 10 days ______ painting the walls.
A.took; to finish
B. cost; finishing
C. took; finishing
D. spent; to finish
【2013湖北黄石】33. Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about
B. care for
C. agree with
D. take care
【2013湖北黄石】37. Tom, it’s cold outside. _______ your coat when you go out.
A. Take off
B. Put on
C. Put away
D. Take away
【2013山西】22. In April, the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have ________ four seasons in a week.
A. organized
B. experienced
C. described
【2013山西】26. A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to ________ each other.
A. get on with
B. come over to
C. stay away from
【2013山东聊城】34.If you want to buy this dress , you 'd better ____ first to make sure it fits you .
A. pay for it.
B. take it off.
C. tidy it up .
D. try it on..
初二数学（下）应知应会的知识点 二次根式 1．二次根式：一般地，式子)0a (,a ≥叫做二次根式.注意：（1）若0a ≥这个条件不成立，则 a 不是二次根式；（2）a 是一个重要的非负数，即；a ≥0. 2．重要公式：（1）)0a (a )a (2≥=,（2）? ??<-≥==)0a (a )0a (a a a 2 ； 注意使用)0a ()a (a 2≥=. 3．积的算术平方根：)0b ,0a (b a ab ≥≥?=，积的算术平方根等于积中各因式的算术平方根的积；注意：本章中的公式，对字母的取值范围一般都有要求. 4．二次根式的乘法法则： )0b ,0a (ab b a ≥≥=?. 5．二次根式比较大小的方法： （1）利用近似值比大小； （2）把二次根式的系数移入二次根号内，然后比大小； （3）分别平方，然后比大小. 6．商的算术平方根：)0b ,0a (b a b a >≥=，商的算术平方根等于被除式的算术平方根除以除式的算术平方根. 7．二次根式的除法法则： （1） )0b ,0a (b a b a >≥= ； （2）)0b ,0a (b a b a >≥÷=÷； （3）分母有理化：化去分母中的根号叫做分母有理化；具体方法是：分式的分子与分母同乘分母的 有理化因式，使分母变为整式. 8．常用分母有理化因式： a a 与，b a b a +-与， b n a m b n a m -+与，它 们也叫互为有理化因式. 9．最简二次根式： （1）满足下列两个条件的二次根式，叫做最简二次根式，① 被开方数的因数是整数，因式是整式， ② 被开方数中不含能开的尽的因数或因式； （2）最简二次根式中，被开方数不能含有小数、分数，字母因式次数低于2，且不含分母； （3）化简二次根式时，往往需要把被开方数先分解因数或分解因式； （4）二次根式计算的最后结果必须化为最简二次根式.
新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 thanks to多亏于；由于14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31.be in control of 掌管；管理32.give up 放弃
英语知识点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way ? 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without th inking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此……以至于…48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a d iffic u lt situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃 二、重点句型 1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了 2. W hat should she do?她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or abook? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long withoutmoving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经……；过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发11. come up w ith 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计
Unit 2 Topic 1 一、重点短语 1.have a _______/a ________ /a _______/a _______/a _________/ a __________/a __________/_________/_______ 感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼 2.take a rest=have a rest __________ 3.not read for too long _______ 4.___________________________ 开水 5.___________________________ 卧病在床，躺在床上 6.___________________________ 好好睡一觉 7.___________________________ 感觉难受 8.___________________________ 日日夜夜 9.You`d better=You ___________________________ 你最好------- 10.___________________________ 很不好 11.___________________________ 没什么大碍 12.much better ___________________________ 13.___________________________ 去看病 14.___________________________ 吃药 15.take------to----- ___________________________ send------to------- ___________________ 16.___________________________ 加蜂蜜的热茶 17.___________________________ 躺下 18.look after=___________________________ 照看，照顾 19.brush teeth ___________________________ 20.___________________________ 发生一次意外/事故 21.___________________________ 别担心 22.___________________________ 担心-------- 23.___________________________ 没什么严重，没什么大碍 24.___________________________ 诊断，仔细检查 25.thank you for------------ ___________________________ 26.___________________________ 为------买------ 27.___________________________ 直到-------才---- 28.ice cream ___________________________ 29.___________________________ ------和-------都是---- 30.take some cold pills ___________________________ plenty of ___________________________ 二、重点句型 1. What`s wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？ 同义句：___________________________ ? ___________________________ ? 2.You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达_____的句子。还可以用以下句式：you`d better(not)_________how /what about-__________-why not/don`t you _______ 3.3.I`m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。这是表示_____别人的句子。 4.You look pale.你看起来很_____。（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，不用____，而用pale （2）“look ”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接____词。如： You look beautiful。你看起来很漂亮。与look用法相同的连系动词还有taste ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：The soup tastes very delicious .这汤____起来______。 Your voice sound nice.你的声音____起来很______。 The flowers smell sweet .这些花____起来很_____。 The silk feels smooth 丝绸____起来很光滑。 5.------Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去医院吧？ -------No,thank you.不用，谢谢。 Shall I do----需要我做-------吗？ take sb to-----------把某人送到某地 6. I`ll take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃药看看情况再说。 “goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指_______。如： How is everything going?一切进展如何？ Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。 7.You`d better drink hot tea with honey.你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。
2017人教版八年级数学下册知识点总结 第十六章 二次根式 1.二次根式：式子a （a ≥0）叫做二次根式。 2.二次根式有意义的条件： 大于或等于0。 3.二次根式的双重非负性：a ：①0≥a ，②0≥a 附：具有非负性的式子：①0≥a ；②0≥a ；③02≥a 4.最简二次根式：必须同时满足下列条件： ⑴被开方数中不含开方开的尽的因数或因式； ⑵被开方数中不含分母； ⑶分母中不含根式。 5.同类二次根式： 二次根式化成最简二次根式后，若被 相同，则这几个二次根式就 是同类二次根式。 6.二次根式的性质： （1）（a ）2=a （a ≥0）； （2）==a a 2 7.二次根式的运算： （1）二次根式的加减法：先把二次根式化成最简二次根式再合并同类二 次根式． （2）二次根式的乘除法：二次根式相乘（除），将被开方数相乘（除）， 所得的积（商）仍作积（商）的被开方数并将运算结果化为最简二次根式． a ≥0， b ≥0）；=b ≥0，a>0）． （3）有理数的加法交换律、结合律，乘法交换律及结合律，?乘法对加法 的分配律以及多项式的乘法公式，都适用于二次根式的运算． a （a ＞0） a -（a ＜0） 0 （a =0）；
第十七章 勾股定理 1.勾股定理：如果直角三角形的两直角边长分别为a ，b ，斜边长为c ，那么 c b a 222=+。 应用： （1）已知直角三角形的两边求第三边（在ABC ?中，90C ∠=?，则c ， b ，a ） （2）已知直角三角形的一边与另两边的关系，求直角三角形的另两边。 2.勾股定理逆定理：如果三角形三边长a ,b,c 满足c b a 222=+，那么这个三角 形是直角三角形。 应用： 勾股定理的逆定理是判定一个三角形是否是直角三角形的一种重 要方法。 （定理中a ，b ，c 及222a b c +=只是一种表现形式，不可认为是唯一的，如 若三角形三边长a ，b ，c 满足222a c b +=，那么以a ，b ，c 为三边的三角形是 直角三角形，但是b 为斜边） 3、勾股数 ①能够构成直角三角形的三边长的三个正整数称为勾股数，即222a b c +=中， a ， b ， c 为正整数时，称a ，b ，c 为一组勾股数 ②记住常见的勾股数可以提高解题速度，如： 3,4,5； 6,8,10； 5,12,13； 7,24,25等 4.直角三角形的性质 （1）直角三角形的两个锐角互余。可表示如下：∠C=90°?∠A+∠B=90° （2）在直角三角形中，30°角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半。
2014年春新人教版八年级下册英语全册短语Unit 1 What’s the m atter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without th inking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Feelings and impressions Unit 1 1. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味（可数名词） _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us. (wh at / How) _____ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 ----Would you like to stay here with us? ---- Yes, I’d like / love to. 4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课 5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕（表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点后接/形容词/副词形容词/副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词： There is a bit of water in the bottle. 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了，完成了done: adj. 做好了的，完成了 10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你 Thank you for your help. Thank you for sending me photos. 2. message: 口信、信息（可数名词） take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及/ 迫不及待做某事 I can’t wait to open the present. 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词+ 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2) quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词+ 名词 a very nice boy 2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。 He likes English very much. 6. sound like: 听起来（像） The music sounds very beautiful. 7. 1) sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.:某人花费时间/钱做某事 Don’t spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间/ 钱在某事/某物上 I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies. 8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人/ 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. We’re proud of our country. 9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事/ 做某事 I’m good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming. 10. How do you feel about… ？ = What do you think of …？ = How do you like… ？ How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film? 11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how soon --- How soon will you leave Beijing? --- I’ll come back in three days.
Unit2 How often do you exercise? 一、短语归纳 help with housework帮助做家务on weekends在周末 how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处go camping去野营 not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生 the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于；超过less than少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 二、语法讲解 1. exercise （v/n）的用法 1）（动）:锻炼. 如：He exercises every day. 2) (可数名词)：“...操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises (不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如：We often do / take exercise on weekends. 练习：1、The old man is very well because he often __________. A . drinks B. exercises C. sleeps D. plays 2. ----How often do you usually go shopping? —Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次. 1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如： Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词：always=all the time,usually, often, sometimes=at times,hardly ever, never它们用来表示动作发生的频率，频度副词放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前，在程度上有所区别，频率由高到低依次是： always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段 时间 (2). hardly(adv): 几乎不hard 硬的；eg: The stone is hard. 困难的；严厉的；勤奋的a hard writer 努力地；猛烈地study/rain hard 练习1、The ground is too to dig 2、I can understand them. 3、It's raining ,the people can go outside. 4、—How was the weather yesterday? ——It rained _______. People could ___________go out. A. hardly; hard B. hard hard C. hardly; hardly D. hard hardly 3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。 频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的） 注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次) 而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次) 4）由how构成的疑问词组的用法 ?“多少”how many+ 可数名词复数如：how many programs how much+不可数名词如：how much coffee 但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants? ?how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等 ?How old...? 询问年龄如：How old are you? I am five. ?how long多久(时间) 常用for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度）如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms. ?how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？In an hour。 练习：1、--________ is it from your home to school? --Three miles. A. How far B. How much C. How soon D. How long 2、—______do they play basketball?—Every day. A．How soon B．How much C．How many D．How often
人教版最新八年级英语下册知识点全 总结!Unit1 what' s the matter? 1. It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。 It’s important to do sth.做某事很重要。 It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’s easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。 It’s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。 2.情态动词should的用法 should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。 should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。 eg. ---I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。 ---You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。 3. maybe与may be （1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 （2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如： He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。 4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全 Unit 1 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctor to one’s surprise agree to (do sth.)get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.）give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What’s the matter (w ith you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有： What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble? matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesn’t matter. 【例题】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”. have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下 4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。 5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didn’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。 6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。 （名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.
8上Unit2知识点归纳 一、短语 1.比人聪明cleverer than people 2.更少的广告fewer advertisements 3.学校什么样？What’s school like? 4.玩具卡车a toy lorry/truck 5.英式英语British English 6.美式英语American English 7.给我的表兄买个足球buy a football for my cousin=buy my cousin a football 8.一块橡皮an erasr/a rubber 9.练习踢足球practise playing fo otball 10.在八年级in Year8=in Grade8=in the8th grade 11.一所混合学校a mixed school 12.在我的所有学科中among all my subjects 13.读书周a Reading Weeking 14.在读书周期间during the Reading Weeking 15.读更多的书read more books 16.临近这周结束时near the end of the week 17.在这周结束的时候at the end of the week 18.与某人讨论某事discuss sth with sb 19.与我的同学讨论这些书discuss the books with my classmates 20.在课堂上in class 21.上课have lessons=have classes=have a lesson=have a class 22.学习外语learn foreign languages 23.似乎开心seem happy=seem to be happy 24.似乎要做某事seem to do sth 25.似乎走的更快seem to go faster 26.对学校更多的了解learn more about the school 27.帮助某人做某事help sb with/do sth 28.认真倾听我的难题listen carefully to my problems 29.主动给我帮助offer me help=offer help to me 30.在星期五下午on Friday afternoon 31.结束比往常早en d earlier than usual 32.一起做运动do sports together 33.每次every time 34.上个月last month 35.打棒球play baseball 36.在我们三个中among the three of us 37.其他任何一个学生any other student 38.我的其他任何一个同学any other of my classmates 39.我的所有其他同学all my other classmates 40.其他的学生the other students 41.学生的数量the number of students
八年级物理第二学期复习提纲 第七章力 一、力 1、力的概念：力是物体对物体的作用。 2、力的单位：牛顿，简称牛，用N 表示。力的感性认识：拿两个鸡蛋所用的力大约1N。 3、力的作用效果：一、力可以改变物体的形状，二、力可以改变物体的运动状态。 说明：物体的运动状态是否改变一般指：物体的运动快慢是否改变（速度大小的改变，比如：物体由静止到运动、物体由运动到静止、物体运动速度由快变慢、物体运动速度由慢变快。）和物体的运动方向是否改变，二者可以同时发生，也可以单独发生。如果物体的形状或运动状态发生改变，它一定受到了力的作用。 4、力的三要素：力的大小、方向、和作用点；它们都能影响力的作用效果。 5、力的示意图：用一根带箭头的线段把力的大小、方向、作用点表示出来，如果没有大小，可不表示,在同一个图中,力越大,线段应越长。 6、力产生的条件：①必须有两个或两个以上的物体。②物体间必须有相互作用（可以不接触）。 7、力的性质：物体间力的作用是相互的。 两物体相互作用时，施力物体同时也是受力物体，反之，受力物体同时也是施力物体。 物体间的相互作用力是同时产生的，没有先后之分。 只有一个物体不能产生力，要同时有两个物体，它们之间才有可能产生相互作用的力，也就是施力物体和受力物体要同时存在。 二、弹力 1、弹力 ①弹性：物体受力时发生形变，不受力时又恢复到原来的形状的性质叫弹性。 ②塑性：物体受力发生形变，形变后不能恢复原来形状的性质叫塑性。 ③弹力：物体由于发生弹性形变而受到的力叫弹力，弹力的大小与弹性形变的大小有关。 弹力产生的重要条件：①发生弹性形变；②两物体相互接触。 生活中的弹力：拉力、支持力、压力、推力； 2：弹簧测力计