【PT】[J].
【AU:】shambour,Qusai
Xu, Yisi
Lin, Qing
Zhang, Guangquan
【AB】The web provides excellent opportunities to businesses in various aspects of
development such as finding a business partner online. However, with the rapid growth of web information, business users struggle with information overload and increasingly find it difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Meanwhile, small and medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking one-to-one e-services from government in current highly competitive markets. How can business users be provided with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information? An effective solution proposed in this study is the development of personalized e-services. Recommender systems is an effective approach for the implementation of Personalized E-Service which has gained wide exposure in e-commerce in recent years. Accordingly, this paper first presents a hybrid fuzzy semantic recommendation (HFSR) approach which combines item-based fuzzy semantic similarity and item-based fuzzy collaborative filtering (CF) similarity techniques. This paper then presents the implementation of the proposed approach into an intelligent recommendation system prototype called Smart BizSeeker, which can recommend relevant business partners to individual business users,particularly for SMBs. Experimental results show that the HFSR approach can help overcome the semantic limitations of classical CF-based recommendation approaches, namely sparsity and new cold start item problems.
【题目】：基于Web的个性化推荐系统使用的业务合作伙伴---模糊语义技术
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】网站为企业在各方面的发展提供了极好的机会，例如找到一个在线的业务合作
伙伴。然而，随着网络信息的快速增长，商业用户正在和信息过载做斗争，并且在正确的时间找到正确的信息的难度在不断增加。同时，特别是中小型企业（中小企业），在当前竞争激烈的市场中从政府寻求的是一对一的电子服务。怎么为企业用户提供他们需要的的信息和服务，而不是一种未分化的海量信息？本文中就为个性化服务发展提出了一个有效的解决方法。推荐系统是实施个性化的全方位服务的一种有效的方法，近年来在电子商务中得到了广泛的提及。相应的，本文首先提出了一种混合模糊语义推荐（HFSR）的方法，这种方法结合了基于项目的模糊语义相似度和基于项目的模糊协同过滤（CF）相似的技术。本文就介绍了在一个智能推荐系统原型中该方法的实现，这个实现方法称为智能bizseeker，它可推荐相关个人商务用户的业务合作伙伴，特别是对中小企业。实验结果表明，HFSR方法可以帮助克服基于推荐的经典CF语义的限制方法，即稀疏性和冷开始新项目问题。
【PT】[J].
【AU】AU Amigoni, Francesco
Continanza, Luca
【题目】：基于网格的方法解决多智能体系统中招聘问题
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】多智能体系统构成的分布式计算和人工智能之间的交叉口的一个独立的课题。作为算法的技术和多智能体系统的应用已在过去的二十年中持续发展，达到显著的成熟阶段后，许多方法上的问题已经解决了。本文中我们的目的是通过考虑选择或招聘的问题来帮助该方法的评估，多代理系统代理的一个子集，从一组可用的代理来满足特定的要求。这个遇到的问题称之为补充的问题，比如在匹配和任务分配中。我们提出并研究招聘问题的一个新的正式的方法，基于网格的代数形式主义的方法。由此产生的正式框架可以支持自动招募算法的发展。
【PT】[S].
【AU】Zhao, Qiangfu
BE Madani, K
Dourado, A
Rosa, A
Filipe, J
【摘要】Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a dream of researchers for decades.
In 1982, Japan launched the 5th generation computer project,expecting to create AI in computers, but failed. Noting that logic approach alone is not enough, soft computing (e.g. neuro-computing,fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation) has attracted great attention since 1990s. After another 2 decades, however, we have not got any system that is as intelligent as a human, in the sense of "over-all performance". Instead of trying to create intelligence directly, we may try to create "awareness" first, and obtain intelligence "step-by-step".Briefly speaking, awareness is a mechanism for detecting any event which may or may not lead to complete understanding. Depending on the complexity of the events to detect, aware systems can be divided into many levels. Although low level aware systems may not be clever enough to provide understandable knowledge about an observation;they may provide important information for high level aware systems to make understandable decisions. In this paper we do not intend to provide a survey of existing results related to awareness computing. Rather, we will study this field from a new perspective, try to clarify some related terminologies, and propose some problems to solve for creating intelligence through computational awareness.
【题目】：计算意识：另一种方式走向智能化
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【SE】Studies in Computational Intelligence
【摘要】人工智能(AI)一直是研究人员几十年来的梦想。1982，日本推出的第五代电子计算机，期待创造人工智能计算机，但失败了。注意的是，逻辑方法本身是不足够的，自从20世纪90年代以来软计算（例如，神经计算，模糊逻辑和遗传计算）已经引起了极大的关注。然而又过了20年，我们没有研究出任何向人类智能的智能系统，即意义上的“综合性能”。我们不是试图去创建直接的智能，而是可能会首先尝试创建“意识”，然后“循序渐进”的获得智能。简单地说，意识是一种机制，用于检测任何可能的或可能不会完全理解事件。根据事件的复杂度检测、感知系统可以分成很多层次。虽然低层次的感知系统可能不足够聪明来提供关于观察可理解的知识，他们可能为高层次感知系统进行理解的决策提供重要的信息。在本文中，我们不打算提及现有与感知计算相关的成果。相反，我们将从新的角度对这一领域进行研究，试图阐明一些相关术语，并提出解决的一些通过计算意识来创造智能的问题。【CT】第三计算智能国际会议
【CT】国际复杂分析和潜在的理论会议
【CY】月24-26日，2011
【CY 】6月20-23日，2011
【CL】巴黎，法国
【CL】CTR丰富的数学，蒙特利尔，加拿大
【PT】[S].
【AU】Agarwal, Manish
Biswas, Kanad K.
Hanmandlu, Madasu
【BE】 Madani, K
Dourado, A
Rosa, A
Filipe, J
【AB】 This chapter extends the fuzzy models to the probabilistic domain using the probabilistic fuzzy rules with multiple outputs. The focus has been to effectively model the uncertainty in the real world situations using the extended fuzzy models. The extended fuzzy models capture both the aspects of uncertainty, vagueness and random occurence. We also look deeper into the concepts of fuzzy logic, possibility and probability that sets the background for laying out the mathematical framework for the extended fuzzy models. The net conditional probabilistic possibility is computed that forms the key ingredient in the extension of the fuzzy
models. The proposed concepts are well illustrated through two case-studies of intelligent probabilistic fuzzy systems. The study paves the way for development of computationally intelligent systems that are able to represent the real world
situations more realistically.
【题目】：处理模糊模型的概率域
【SE】计算智能研究
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】本章用具有多个输出的概率模糊规则的模糊模型扩展概率域。重点是
使用扩展模糊模型对现实情况的不确定性进行有效建模。扩展模糊模型在不确定性，模糊和随机发生等方面进行捕捉。我们也期待更深入的模糊逻辑概念，以数学框架为背景的可能性和概率性为扩展模糊模型奠定了基础。网条件概率可能性是计算形成的主要成分扩展的模糊模型。拟议的概念是通过两个的个案研究得到很好的说明智能概率模糊系统。这项研究为计算机智能系统的发展开辟了道路,能够代表更实际真实世界情况。
【CT】第三计算智能国际会议
【CT】国际复杂分析和潜在的理论会议
【CY】月24-26日，2011
【CY 】6月20-23日，2011
【CL】巴黎，法国
【CL】CTR丰富的数学，蒙特利尔，加拿大
【PT】J.
【AU】 Le Bras, Yannick
Lenca, Philippe
Lallich, Stephane
【AB】Many studies have shown the limits of the support/confidence framework used in Apriori -like algorithms to mine association rules. There are a
lot of efficient implementations based on the antimonotony property of
the support, but candidate set generation (e.g., frequent item set
mining) is still costly. In addition, many rules are uninteresting or
redundant and one can miss interesting rules like nuggets. We are thus
facing a complexity issue and a quality issue. One solution is to not
use frequent itemset mining and to focus as soon as possible on
interesting rules using additional interestingness measures. We present
here a formal framework that allows us to make a link between analytic
and algorithmic properties of interestingness measures. We introduce the
notion of optimonotony in relation with the optimal rule discovery
framework. We then demonstrate a necessary and sufficient condition for
the existence of optimonotony. This result can thus be applied to
classify the measures. We study the case of 39 classical measures and
show that 31 of them are optimonotone. These optimonotone measures can
thus be used with an underlying pruning strategy. Empirical evaluations
show that the pruning strategy is efficient and leads to the discovery
of nuggets using an optimonotone measure and without the support
constraint.
IS 4
BP 475
EP 504
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00422.x
PD NOV 2012
PY 2012
【题目】：OPTIMONOTONE措施优化规则的发现
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】许多研究表明了支持/置信度框架的极限在类Apriori算法挖掘相关规
则中的应用。有很多基于的antimonotony财产的支持的高效的实现，但候选集的产生（例如，频繁项集挖掘）仍然是昂贵的。此外，许多规则是无趣的或多余的，人们可以错过有趣的规则，像掘金。因此，我们面临着一个复杂的问题和一个质量问题。一个解决方案是不使用频繁项集挖掘而是尽可能的集中在用在额外的趣味性措施中的有趣的规则。我们在此报告一个正式的框架,它允许我们作出分析和算法性能的趣味性措施之间的联系。我们介绍optimonotony在关系最优规则发现框架的概念。然后我们展示一个充分必要条件optimonotony的存在。因此，这个结果可以被应用到分类措施中。我们研究了39种古典措施的情况，显示其中31种关于optimonotone的措施。这些optimonotone措施可以因此被用于一个底层修剪策略。实证评估表明,修剪策略是有效的,并导致发现使用一个optimonotone掘金测量并没有支持约束。
TC 0
ZB 0
Z8 0
Z9 0
SN 0824-7935
UT WOS:000310485700002
【PT】J.
【AU】Figueroa, Alejandro
Atkinson, John
【AB】Question - answering systems make good use of knowledge bases (KBs,
e.g., Wikipedia) for responding to definition queries. Typically,
systems extract relevant facts from articles regarding the question
across KBs, and then they are projected into the candidate answers.
However, studies have shown that the performance of this kind of method
suddenly drops, whenever KBs supply narrow coverage. This work describes
a new approach to deal with this problem by constructing context models
for scoring candidate answers, which are, more precisely, statistical
n-gram language models inferred from lexicalized dependency paths
extracted from Wikipedia abstracts. Unlike state-of-the-art approaches,
context models are created by capturing the semantics of candidate
answers (e.g., "novel", "singer", "coach", and "city"). This work is
extended by investigating the impact on context models of extra
linguistic knowledge such as part-of-speech tagging and named-entity
recognition. Results showed the effectiveness of context models as
n-gram lexicalized dependency paths and promising context indicators for
the presence of definitions in natural language texts.
VL 28
IS 4
BP 528
EP 548
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00426.x
PD NOV 2012
PY 2012
【题目】上下文语言模型对排名的答案中自然语言定义的问题【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】问题—应答系统响应定义查询充分利用知识库（KBS，例如，维基百
科）。通常,系统在KBs提取相关事实与文章有关的问题,然后他们投射到考生的答案。然而，有研究表明，每当知识库提供覆盖面窄时这种方法的性能突然下降，这个工作描述了一种新的方法来处理这个问题通过构建上下文模型评分考生的答案, 更确切地说，统计N-gram语言模型从词汇化依赖路径推断摘自维基百科的摘要。与最先进的方法对比,上下文模型是由捕捉候选答案的语义(如。,“小说”、“歌手”、“教练”和“城市”)。这项工作是延长部分词性标注，命名实体识别额外的语言知识，如上下文模型调查的影响。结果表明n元语法的词汇化的依赖路径和有前途的上下文指标的存在下在自然语言文本的定义的上下文模型的有效性。
VL 28
ZB 0
Z8 0
Z9 0
SN 0824-7935
UT WOS:000310485700004
【PT】J.
【AU】Bollegala, Danushka
Matsuo, Yutaka
Ishizuka, Mitsuru
【AB】Personal name disambiguation is an important task in social network extraction, evaluation and integration of ontologies, information
retrieval, cross-document coreference resolution and word sense
disambiguation. We propose an unsupervised method to automatically
annotate people with ambiguous names on the Web using automatically
extracted keywords. Given an ambiguous personal name, first, we download text snippets for the given name from a Web search engine. We then
represent each instance of the ambiguous name by a term-entity model
(TEM), a model that we propose to represent the Web appearance of an
individual. A TEM of a person captures named entities and attribute
values that are useful to disambiguate that person from his or her
namesakes (i.e., different people who share the same name). We then use group average agglomerative clustering to identify the instances of an ambiguous name that belong to the same person. Ideally, each cluster
must represent a different namesake. However, in practice it is not
possible to know the number of namesakes for a given ambiguous personal name in advance. To circumvent this problem, we propose a novel
normalized cuts-based cluster stopping criterion to determine the
different people on the Web for a given ambiguous name. Finally, we
annotate each person with an ambiguous name using keywords selected from the clusters. We evaluate the proposed method on a data set of over 2500 documents covering 200 different people for 20 ambiguous names.
Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms numerous baselines and previously proposed name disambiguation methods. Moreover, the extracted keywords reduce ambiguity of a name in an information
retrieval task, which underscores the usefulness of the proposed method in real-world scenarios.
VL 28
IS 3
BP 398
EP 425
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00449.x
PD AUG 2012
PY 2012
【题目】有歧义的人名在网上的自动注释
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】个人的名字消歧是一个重要的任务在社交网络提取、评估及整合本体、
信息检索、跨文档指称相同分辨率和词义消歧中。我们提出了一个无人监督的方法，自动标注的有歧义名字在网络上使用自动提取关键词的方法。给出一个有歧义的个人姓名，首先,我们下载的文本片段的名字从一个Web搜索引擎中。然后,我们代表的每个实例模糊名字由术语实体模型(TEM),这个模型是我们建议代表Web外观的个体。一个人的TEM捕捉命名实体和属性值来消除歧义, 从他或她同名的人中(即,不同的人分享相同的名称)。然后,我们使用组平均凝结的聚类识别的实例一个有歧义的名字,属于同一个人。理想情况下,每个集群必须代表一个不同的同名。然而，在实践中，它是不可能提前知道同名的数量为一个给定的有歧义的个人名称。为了规避这个问题，我们提出了一种新的基于归削减集群停止标准来确定在网上的不同的人，对于一个给定的模棱两可的名称。最后，我们用一个模糊的名称，使用关键字选自集群标注每个人。我们评估所提出的方法对数据集超过2500个文件，涉及200个不同的人，为20个有歧义的名字。实验结果表明，该方法优于众多的基线和先前提出的名称消歧方法。此外，关键词降低信息检索任务名称歧义，这表明所提出的方法在现实世界中的有用性。
TC 0
ZB 0
Z8 0
Z9 0
SN 0824-7935
UT WOS:000306906400005
ER
【PT】J.
【AU】Chen, Wenliang
Kazama, Jun'ichi
Uchimoto, Kiyotaka
Torisawa, Kentaro
【AB】Dependency parsing has attracted considerable interest from researchers and developers in natural language processing. However, to obtain a
high-accuracy dependency parser, supervised techniques require a large
volume of hand-annotated data, which are extremely expensive. This paper
presents a simple and effective approach for improving dependency
parsing with subtrees derived from unannotated data, which are easy to
obtain. First, we use a baseline parser to parse large-scale unannotated
data. Then, we extract subtrees from dependency parse trees in the
auto-parsed data. Next, the extracted subtrees are classified into
several sets according to their frequency. Finally, we design new
features based on the subtree sets for parsing algorithms. To
demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conduct
experiments on the English Penn Treebank and Chinese Penn Treebank. The
results show that our approach significantly outperforms baseline
systems. It also achieves the best accuracy for the Chinese data and an
accuracy competitive with the best known systems for the English data.
VL 28
IS 3
BP 426
EP 451
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00451.x
PD AUG 2012
PY 2012【题目】利用子树自动解析数据改善依存句法分析
【刊登杂志】: 计算智能
【摘要】个人的名字消歧是一个重要的任务在社交网络提取、评估及整合本体、
信息检索、跨文档指称相同分辨率和词义消歧中。我们提出了一个无人监督的方法，自动标注的有歧义名字在网络上使用自动提取关键词的方法。给出一个有歧义的个人姓名，首先,我们下载的文本片段的名字从一个Web搜索引擎中。然后,我们代表的每个实例模糊名字由术语实体模型(TEM),这个模型是我们建议代表Web外观的个体。一个人的TEM捕捉命名实体和属性值来消除歧义, 从他或她同名的人中(即,不同的人分享相同的名称)。然后,我们使用组平均凝结的聚类识别的实例一个有歧义的名字,属于同一个人。理想情况下,每个集群必须代表一个不同的同名。然而，在实践中，它是不可能提前知道同名的数量为一个给定的有歧义的个人名称。为了规避这个问题，我们提出了一种新的基于归削减集群停止标准来确定在网上的不同的人，对于一个给定的模棱两可的名称。最后，我们用一个
模糊的名称，使用关键字选自集群标注每个人。我们评估所提出的方法对数据集超过2500个文件，涉及200个不同的人，为20个有歧义的名字。实验结果表明，该方法优于众多的基线和先前提出的名称消歧方法。此外，关键词降低信息检索任务名称歧义，这表明所提出的方法在现实世界中的有用性。
TC 0
ZB 0
Z8 0
Z9 0
SN 0824-7935
UT WOS:000306906400005
ER
常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师
常见职位职称中英文对照 时间：2011-05-17 14:54 来源：外贸信息网 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师
Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
英文翻译 机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能，它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. 仔细精确的计算是必要的，以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下，最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算（图纸尺寸）检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错，就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. 计算机是一种工具，它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算，并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力，已经使计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作
常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
ERP技术/应用顾问 ERP Technical/Application Consultant IC设计/应用工程师 IC Design/Application Engineer 阿拉伯语翻译 Arabic Translator 安全/健康/环境工程师 Safety/Health/Environment Engineer 安全/健康/环境经理/主管 Safety/Health/Environment Manager/Supervisor 安全人员Security Officer 办公室助理 Office Assistant 办事处财务负责人 Financial Principal in the Office 办事处代主任 Subrogating Director of the Office 办事处负责人 Principal of the Office 办事处副主任 Deputy Director of the Office 办事处客服负责人 Principal of the Customer Service in the Office 办事处主任 Director of the Office 包装设计师 Package Designer 保安 Security 保安人员 Securities Custody Clerk 保险代理/财务规划师/储备经理人 Insurance Agent/Financial Planner 保险公司理赔员 Insurance Actuary 保险核保/理赔 Adjuster 保险精算师 Actuary 保险内勤 Insurance Office Staff 报副主编 Deputy Chief Editor 报关员 Customs Specialist 本部副总经理 Assistant General Manager of the Department 本部总经理 General Manager of the Department 本部总经理高级助理 Senior Assistant of G.M. of the Department 本部总经理助理 Assistant of G.M. of the Department 本部总经理助理 Assistant of G.M. of the Department 编辑/作家/撰稿人 Editor/Writer 宾馆/酒店经理 Reception Manager 部长 Secretary 部长助理 Assistant Secretary 部门负责人 Division Principal 部门经理，科长 Section Manager 财务/会计助理 Finance/Accounting Assistant 财务/审计/统计 Finance/Accounting 财务报告人 Financial Reporter 财务分析经理/主管 Financial Analysis Manager/Supervisor 财务分析员 Financial Analyst 财务经理 Finance Manager 财务经理 Fund Manager 财务主管/总帐主管 Finance Supervisor 财务主任 Financial Controller
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
§职位名称翻译精选§ Education and Library Science(教育部分) Daycare Worker 保育员ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长Archivist 案卷保管员Vocational Counselor 职业顾问Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Administration(行政部分） Administrative Director 行政主管File Clerk 档案管理员 Executive Assistant 行政助理Office Manager 办公室经理 Executive Secretary 行政秘书Receptionist 接待员 General Office Clerk 办公室文员Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员Telephone Operator 电话操作员Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁Typist 打字员 Legal and Protective Services(法律部分） Police Officer 警员Fire Fighter 消防员 Police Sergeant 警官Guard 保卫 Assistant Attorney General 首席检察官助理Law Clerk 法律职员Contracts Manager 合同管理员Law Student 司法学生 Ombudsman 反贪调查员Paralegal 律师专职助手 Security Manager 保安经理Patent Agent 专利代理商 Legal Assistant 法律助理Court Officer 法庭保卫 Legal Secretary 法律秘书Court Reporter 法庭记者 Attorney 律师 Health and Medical(医学与健康) Clinical Director 医疗主任Cardiologist 心脏病专家 Dental Hygienist 牙科保健Chiropractor 脊椎指压治疗者 Dental Technician 牙科技师Dental Assistant 牙科助理 Dietary Technician 食疗技师Dentist 牙科医生 Emergency Medical Technician 急诊技师Dietician 饮食专家 Fitness Instructor 健美师Home Health Aide 家庭护理 Health Services Coordinator 健康服务协调员Lab Technician 实验技师Hospital Supervisor 医院管理员Nurse 护士 Medical Records Clerk 病历员Nursing Aide 看护助手 Medical Technologist 医疗专家Nursing Supervisor 护士长 Nursing Administrator 看护员Nutritionist 营养学家
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus
各种职位的英文翻译 qa 是英文 quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证； qc 是英文 quality control 的简称，中文含义是质量控 制。 IPQC 是过程检验工程师 JQE 是品质工程师 DQA 是设计品保工程师 SQE 共货商管理工程师 Administration( 行政部分) 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 电话操作 员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial( 管理部分 ) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science( 教育部分 ) Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师 Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief Engineer 总工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员(文书) Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Executive Director 行政董事 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Financial Controller 财务总监 Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理 Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员） Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任 Marketing Manager 市场部经理 Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任 Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师 Merchandiser 买手（商人） Messenger 信差（邮递员） Office Assistant 写字楼助理（办事员） Administrative Director Executive Assistant Executive Secretary General Office Clerk
常用名片中英文职务职称翻译大全 千千名片多年积累整理名片中经常使用到的英文职务、职称、头衔名称的英文翻译对照，从而提高名片的翻译质量,实现跨文化交际。名片的正确英文翻译为 business card (name card ；visiting card ；calling card) ※总裁 Chief Executive ，CEO ※董事长 Board Chairman ※总经理 General Manager ※副总经理 Vice General Manager ※总经理秘书 Secretary ※总经理助理 General Manager's Assistant ※秘书 Secretary ※秘书长 secretary general ※客户经理 Account Manager ※高级理财顾问 Senior Financial Consultant ※高级客户经理 Senior Account Manager ※市场总监 Marketing Director ※客户主任 Account Executive ※市场营销部经理 Manager of Marketing Department ※销售部经理 Sales Manager ※餐饮部经理 Food and Bererage Manager ※客房部经理 Housekeeper ※Accounting Assistant 会计助理 ※Accounting Clerk 记帐员 ※Accounting Manager 会计部经理 ※Accounting Stall 会计部职员 ※Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 ※Administration Manager 行政经理 ※Administration Staff 行政人员 ※Administrative Assistant 行政助理 ※Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 ※Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 ※Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司 定座员 ※Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 ※Application Engineer 应用工程师 ※Assistant Manager 副经理 ※Bond Analyst 证券分析员 ※Bond Trader 证券交易员 ※Business Controller 业务主任 ※Business Manager 业务经理
机械专业英文翻译 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
启动轴 starting axle 启动齿轮starting gear 启动棘轮 starting ratchet wheel 复位弹簧 restoring, pull back spring 弹簧座 spring seating 摩擦簧friction spring 推力垫圈 thrust washer 轴挡圈axle bumper ring 下料 filling 切断 cut 滚齿机 gear-hobbing machine 剪料机 material-shearing machine 车床 lathe 拉床 broaching machine 垂直度 verticality, vertical extent 平行度 parallelism同 心度 homocentricity 位置度 position 拉伤 pulling damage 碰伤 bumping damage 缺陷 deficiency 严重缺陷 severe deficiency 摩擦力 friction 扭距 twist 滑动 glide 滚动 roll 打滑 skid 脱不开 can’t seperate 不复位 can’t restore 直径 diameter M值 = 跨棒距 test rod span 公法线 common normal line 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 机床 machine tool 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 几何形状 geometrical 精度 precision 正弦形的 sinusoid 交流电路 AC circuit 机械加工余量 machining allowance 变形力 deforming force 变形 deformation 电路 circuit 半导体元件 semiconductor element 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring 制动器 arrester brake 十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling 链 chain 皮带 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox casing 腐蚀 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨损 wear 耐用度 durability 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 反馈 feedback 发生器 generator