一般英语写作考试，成功的关键在于句子是否写得正确。本文归纳了中国学生写英语句子时的13种常见错误类型。所有例句均来自学生的实际英语作文。
Mistake Type 1. Wrong tenses
[Improper] I had a look at my watch and I knew what will happen.
[Improved] I had a look at my watch and I knew what would happen.
[Improper] Riding bicycles had more advantages than taking a bus.
[Improved] Riding bicycles has more advantages than taking a bus.
Mistake Type 2 Agreement problems
[Improper] Every one of us have the right to be happy.
[Improved] Every one of us has the right to be happy.
[Improper]The eating habit of Chinese people have changed dramatically in the past decade. [Improved] The eating habit of Chinese people has changed dramatically in the past decade.
[Improper] There is so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.
[Improved] There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.
Mistake Type 3 Pronoun misuses
[Improper] If the humans want to live well, we must keep nature in balance.
[Improved] If the humans want to live well, they must keep nature in balance.
我经常告诉自己，离家的时候我不应该哭，因为那很不成熟。
[Improper] I always told myself that I shouldn’t cry when the time to leave was coming because it was not mature.
[Improved] I had always told myself that I wouldn’t cry when the time arrived for me to leave home, for that was a sign of my immaturity.
[Improper] So long as you have the Internet access and some necessary rights, anyone can receive education wherever you lives in.
[Improved] So long as you have the Internet access and some necessary licenses, you can receive education wherever you live in.
[Improper] Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
[Improved] Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, he is actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.
Mistake Type 4 Wrong use of comparative degree
[Improper] With the advancement of science and technology, I believe that people’s life will be more and more happier.
[Improved] With the advancement of science and technology, I believe that people’s li fe will become happier and happier.
[Improper] The world is getting more smaller and smaller.
[Improved] The world is getting smaller and smaller.
Mistake Type 5 Dangling modifiers
[Improper] In order to get a good mark, it took me much time, when I di dn’t have classes this weekdays, to get ready for this exam.
[Improved] In order to get a good mark, I spend much of my spare time getting ready for this exam.
[Improper] There are many ways to improve city traffic, for example widening the streets, building subways and so on.
[Improved] There are many ways to improve city traffic. For example, we can widen the streets, build subways and so on.
[Improper] My friends told me one of my old classmates had been killed in a sudden accident. Heard of that, I couldn’t think anything for a long time.
[Improved] My friend told me one of my old classmates had been killed in a sudden accident. Hearing of that, I couldn’t think of anything for a long time.
Mistake Type 6 Improper Subordinate Causes
[Improper] If someone wanted to go back to ancient society, which had no electricity, cloth and room, almost every people would say he was crazy.
[Improved] If anyone wants to go back to ancient times, in which there was no electricity, cloth or room, almost every people will say he is crazy.
[Improper] It is said that we’d better live in a small town instead of the big city if we want better health and longer life, and it is analyzed that the reason is the different life styles between the cities and towns which people have a relaxation life in town but a nervous life in city. (55 words) [Improved] It is said that we’d better live in a small town instead of the big city if we want a better health and a longer life. This is because, they say, the life style in the city is nervous while that in the town is relaxed. (46 words)
Mistake Type 7 Improper collocations
[Improper] When TV came into the world, the people’s life had a large changes.
[Improved] After TV came to the world, people’s life changed a great deal.
Or: The arrival of TV greatly changed people’s life.
但在另一方面，科学技术也能带来一些灾难。
[Improper] But in another aspect, some disaster were brought from the same science and technology.
[Improved] On the other hand, science and technology can also bring about some disasters.
相反，另外的人不同意这种观点。他们喜欢不断变换工作。
[Improper] By con trast, other people don’t agree above pointview. They like change jobs from time to time.
[Improved] By contrast, other people don’t agree to that viewpoint. They like to change jobs from time to time.
每个人，不管年龄，每天都需要锻炼。
[Improper] Everyone, no matter what age, needs exercise every day.
[Improved] Everyone, regardless of his age, needs exercise every day.
[Improper] In a lonely cabin, there are several children with bad wearing.
[Improved] In a lonely cabin, there are several children in rags.
[Improper] She completed all courses in primitive school, in high school.
[Improved] She completed all the courses in primary and high school.
Mistake Type 8 Faulty structures
随着中国经济的发展，汽车在中国进入家庭将越来越普遍。
[Improper] With the Chinese economy developing, cars entering families in China is more and more usualness. (teachers’ training class)
[Improved] As China’s economy develops, there will be more and more cars entering families in China. Or: As China’s economy develops, it will become more and more common for cars to enter families in China.
It made me can not forget my grandmother…
[Improved] It made me unable to forget my grandmother…
总之，作为一名学者，大学教师将变得更加渊博，更加有实践经验，而不是浪费时间和精力。[Improper] In a word, as a scholar, college teachers will become more wise and more practical instead of losing their time and energy.
[Improved] In a word, working as a scholar, a college teacher will become wiser and more experienced in practice. By no means is it a waste of time and energy.
中国快速发展，为人们提供了许多工作机会，有些人同时有几份工作，因此他们必须提高工作效率，包括交通效率。
[improper] China develops very fast which could supply so many chances of jobs for people that a few of people have several jobs at the same time, and they must improve their efficiency including walking in the road.
[improved] As China develops rapidly, so many new job opportunities are opened up that some people can take several jobs at the same time, which makes it necessary for them to minimize their travel hours.
Mistake Type 9 Unnecessary repetition
[Improper] One reason is that the people may have more money than ever before, which makes it possible for them to buy cars for their families. Another is the development of automobile industry brings down the price of cars, which makes it possible for them to buy cars. [Improved] One reason is that the people have more money than ever before, which makes it possible for them to by private cars. Another reason is the development of automobile industry brings down the price of cars, thus paving their way into the households in China.
Mistake Type 10 Unparalleled structures
无论你做出什么选择，最终目标应该是为了更好地工作和进一步发展。
[Improper] No matter what choice you made, the final goal should be to do better work and further development.
[Improved] No matter what choice you make, the final goal should be for a better work and further development.
Mistake 11 Confused mood
总之，如果没有电视，我们就可能失去一些能给我们带来幸福的东西。
[Improper] In a word, if we have no TV, we may lose something which bring us happy.
[Improved] In a word, if we had no TV, we might lose something which brings us happiness.
[Improper] (Some people hold that science and technology is an unimportant thing or even a bad thing.) Firstly, with science and technology, human beings can explore any resources in our universe and take use of them with a very high speed beyond our imagination…
[Improved] Firstly, with science and technology, human beings can exploit any resources in our universe and consume them at an unimaginable speed.
Mistake 12 Incomplete Sentences
[Improper] Will, like a light tower in the sea, which can conduct us to advance on a right track. [Improved] Will, like a light tower in the sea, can conduct us to advance on a right track.
他们反对经常跳槽，因为频繁跳槽将导致一事无成。
[Improper] they object to changing job frequently. Because frequent job-hopping will result to nothing can done.
[Improved] They object to changing jobs frequently, because that might result in their getting nowhere at all (or: because that might lead to failure in every job they do.).
然而科学技术是把双刃剑，如果使用不当将给人类带来毁灭性的灾难。
[Improper] But the science and technology also is a two-edge sword, if uses unsuitably will bring the suffering of destruction to people.
[Improved] But science and technology is also a double-edged sword, which might be destructive to human being if used improperly.
[Improper] The most funny thing is that there were five of my classmates were born in November, 1983.
[Improved] The most funny thing is that there were five of my classmates who were born in November, 1983.
Many experts anticipated that in the next coming years, there will be more and more Chinese families make / making private cars as their major transportation vehicle.
Mistake 13 Run-on sentences
[Improper] A chairman was having lunch, a soldier stood by him.
[Improved] A chairman was having lunch, a soldier standing by him.
[Improper] I was born in a small town, in the town there was only one school, I studied there for six years.
[Improved] I was born in a small town. In it there was only one school. I studied there for six years. Or:
I studied for six years at the only school in the small town where I was born.
[Improper] In former times, elephants hadn’t long noses. They only had a black nose which was like shoe. Then, a little elephant was born, he was curious, he always asked others: “ why?”[Improved] In former times, elephants did not have long noses. They only had black noses like shoes. Then, a little elephant was born who was curious and always asked others “why”.
随着中国进入WTO，汽车的成本这些年正在下降，许多家庭能够购买和使用私人汽车了。[Improper] As China entered WTO, the cost of a car is decreasing in these years, many families could buy and use a family car.
[Improved] As China has become a member of WTO, the cost of a car is keeping lowering down in recent years so that many families could afford a private car.
英语简单句5种基本基本句型 简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。 一、句型1: Subject (主语)+ Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词女口：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen 等。 eg The birds are f lying 那些鸟在飞。 Things change事物是变化的。 Nobody went没有人去。 练习：汉译英 1) Li Ming works very hard. 李明学习很努力。 2) The sun was rising. 3) Spring is coming. 4) I'll try. 5) We all breathe, eat, and drink. 6) Did you sleep well last night ? 7) The book sells well. 8) The engine broke down. 9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon. 事故是昨天下午发生的。 10) We have lived in the city for ten years. 11) Lucy and Mary get up early every morning. 12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后,立刻就睡觉了。 13) I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 14) What he said does not matter. 15) They had talked for half an hour when I came in. 16) His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years. 17) So they had to travel by air or boat . 18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus . 19) She sat there alone , reading a novel . 20) He came back when we were eating . 21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake. 二、句型2: Subject (主语)+ Link. V(系动词)+ Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1) 表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep 等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now. 刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2) 表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go 等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天至U了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 这棵树比以前长得高多了。 练习：汉译英 1) The dinner smells good. 2) Everything looks different. 3) He fell asleep. 4) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, stop,arrive, come, die, happen,leave,laugh ,sing ,sing等等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2). 她什么也没说就离开了。_______________________________________ 3). 事故accident是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________ 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： 8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持 谦虚。 9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。 _________________________________________________. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： 10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 11) Don't have the food. _______________________________. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。 12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。文综之家https://www.doczj.com/doc/206073087.html,作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情 况，而使用不同时态。例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自 然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 3）表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联 词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 4）同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order 、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late!
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分： 一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。） He is never late for school. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句（句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分，就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。） This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.
经典总结：英语八种常用句型 1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation.很多因素应该对此情形负有责任的accountable[????◆????●]adj.应负责的, 有责任的, 可解释的 2. A number of factors might contribute to lead to the phenomenon.很多因素可能促使此现象发生 3. The answer to this problem involves many factors.这个问题的答案包括很多方面 5. We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 我们可能会责怪…不过真正原因是… 6. Part of the explanations for it is that... 对此的一部分解释是――― Another contributing factor/ primary factor/ fundamental cause is... 另一个起作用的因素/主要原因/基本原因是…. 二)比较 1. The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.优点远远超过缺点 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.. A可能比B更可取,但B遭受xx不利: 4. Like anything else, it has its faults. ( drawbacks)就像任何的其他事,它也有缺点 5.A and B has several points in common.他们有些共同点 6.A bears some resemblances to B. A B具有一些类同之处,A与B比较像 7. However, the same is not applicable to B. 然而,同样的事并不适合B 8. A and B differ in several ways. A与B在几个地方上不同. 9. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.很显然,它同时具有积极与消极影响 11. It is true that A .. But the chief faults (obvious defects )are ... 确实A…但主要缺点/明显缺陷是 三)批驳refute/ rebut 1) There is a giant of truth in these statements, but one vital point is being left out. 在那些陈述中确实包含大量的事实,但是一个至关重要的点被遗弃了… 2) It is true that…But they ignore a more important fact.. 确实….但是忽略了一个更重要的事实 3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water. 有些人说…,但它并不是正确合理的/说得通的 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that... 很多人有这种假象…. 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 一个精密的审查就会揭露这个陈述是多么的荒谬可笑 6) It makes no sense to argue for…argue for [against]赞成[反对] 那是没有意义的去为这个争吵 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ... 那样一个陈述主要建立在…..假定上的 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain…contrary[ ????????]adj.相反的, 与被广泛被接受(认可)的相反,我坚持…… 四)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems. give rise to v.引起, 使…发生它可能会引起许多问题 2. The immediate result it produces is ... 它产生的直接结果是…. 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon... 它将产生一个意义深远的影响, 在….方面 4. Its consequence can be so great that... 他的后果可能是如此巨大以至…… 五)举例( As an illustration) 1) A good case in point is ... 一个很好的左证是….. a case in point 恰当的例子 2) As an illustration, we may take ... 作为一个例证(插图/图解) 我们可以… 4) ...is often cited as an example.….经常被引用作为一个例子 六)证明 1) No one can deny the fact that ...每人会否认这个事实…. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows...不幸的是, 没有任何现有数据表明… 4) Recent studies indicate that... 最近的研究表明 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that... 有足够的证据表明 七)开篇 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus（bring into使开始）最近,这问题开始成为焦点 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.最近这个现象成为一个热门话题 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among... 最近这个问题在…引起了众多关注 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over... 现在, 在…方面, 关注逐渐增多 八)结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop…high time.正是时候, 早该 3) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...imperative[??????????] adj必要的, 势在必行的 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... above-mentioned adj.上述的 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. crop up v.突然出现crop[ ???]n.庄稼, 10) Taking all above-mentioned into account, we ... 考虑到上述一切take into account v重视,考虑 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear... 不管它是对是错/积极消极, 一件事是确定的…
英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型：简单句、并列句、复合句。这三种句子类型中，尤其是简单句与复合句之间常相互转换使用。掌握一些有关句型转换的知识，学会如何进行句子类型之间的转换，有助于我们运用所学过的不同的句型来表达相同的意思。 简单句与复合句之间转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式，也是我们运用英语所应掌握的技能。现对转换形式作一解题点拨： I. 简单句与复合句的互换 把一个简单句转换成一个复合句，一般是将一个短语变为一个从句。相反，复合句转换为简单句时要把一个从句变为一个短语。 1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn to do Chinese Kongfu well. → The foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well. 【解析】含宾语从句的复合句变为简单句，可以把宾语从句改为"疑问词+不定式"的结构或者改为"主语+谓语+宾语+宾补"这种结构；简单句变复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或"情态动词+动词原形"的形式。 2. She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak to take care of her baby. 3. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. → The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on. 【解析】当so...that从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语相同，可用句型too...to do sth.替换；当so...that从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语不相同，可用句型too...for sb. to do sth. 替换；当so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语相同时，可用...enough to do sth.替换；当so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语不相同时，可用...enough for sb. to do sth. 替换。 4. Be brave, or you'll lose your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance. 5. Come on, or we'll miss the early bus. → If w e don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus. 【解析】"祈使句+or+简单句"可转换为"if引导的否定的条件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+简单句"可转换为"if引导的肯定的条件句+主句"的句型。 6. She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she is worried now.
英语五种基本句型详解 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但其实只有五种基本句型。所有英语句子都可以看成是这五种基本句型的扩大、组合、省略或倒装。因此掌握这五大句型，是掌握其他各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语句子依其组合方式可分为以下五种基本句型，句子成分的表示法为： S：Subject（主语）, V：V erb（动词）, O：Object（宾语）, IO : Indirect Object (间接宾语), DO: Direct Object (直接宾语) , P：Predicative（表语）, OC：Object Complement（宾语补足语）。 五种基本句型见下表 种类句型例句 第1种S+V （主语+不及物动词）We work. (不及物) 第2种S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语）He plays (及物) the piano 第3种S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语）We are (系动词) students. 第4种S+V+IO+DO （主语+及物动词+间接宾语She gave (及物) me a pen +直接宾语） 第5种S+V+O+OC （主语+及物动词+宾语He made (及物) the boy laugh +宾语补足语） 说明：（S＝主，V＝谓，O＝宾，P＝表，IO＝间宾，DO＝直宾，OC＝宾补 一、第1种句型：S+V（主语+不及物动词）
1、Birds fly. 鸟飞。 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2、He runs in the park. 他在公园里跑。 主语＋谓语＋地点状语(不及物动词) 此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。因为是不及物动词，后面当然不能带宾语了，但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的in the park就是地点状语。 3、Class begins.（begin在句中是不及物动词）上课了。 比较：W e begin our class at eight. 我们八点钟开始上课。 该句则属于第2种句型，begin在句中是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 二、第2种句型：S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语） My father read the book. 我父亲读过那本书. 主语谓语(及物动词) 宾语 注意： 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。如： 4、Y ou must listen to me. 你必须听我的。 （Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后，listen to可以看成一个及物动词。） 可以带宾语的动词是及物动词，可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当语（如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句）。 如： 5、She likes English. 她喜欢英语。（名词作宾语） 6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。（代词作宾语） （同第一种句型一样，本句型可以有状语、定语修饰） 7、They want to go. 他们想走。（不定式作宾语） 8、He stopped writing. 他停下笔。（动名词作宾语） 9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老师建议我们学好英语。(宾语从句) 三、第3种句型：S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语） 10、He became a scientist. 他成为一个科学家了。
概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语：争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事（句子）《例：张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it 作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事
句子The Sentences 知识要点： 句子按使用的目的可分为四类： 1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句 从结构上看句子可分为三种类型： 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句 一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences） 1、陈述句： （1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 （2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。 2、疑问句： （1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。 Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。 说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。 （2）特殊疑问句： Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句） （3）选择疑问句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。 （4）反意疑问句： They are going to the airpor t, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。 He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？ He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？ 说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。 3.祈使句： a．陈述句： Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。 b．否定句： Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。 4.感叹句： 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！ What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
英语句子种类与类型 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now. 注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句I don’t like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移I don’t think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine) 2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。 1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。 Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? Can’t you understand it? Isn’t it a beautiful lake? ---Haven’t you been to the UK? ---No, I haven’t. 2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。 （1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space? （2）倒装语序Who are you talking about? 注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句What do you think he has done?3）选择疑问句 (1)以一般疑问句为基础 Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage? (2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train? 4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？ 答：+，+. 或-，-. 1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______? 2.—Mary didn't fail her exam, did she? ---______, she didn‘t. 3.You needn’t come, ______ you?You need to come, ______ you? 4.He had a big time there, ______ he? He had a car, ______ he? We hardly have to get up early, ______ we? 5.He used to live in Leeds, ______ he? 3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。 1）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise! You call a taxi. Don’t you forget it.(强调) Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you? 2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go. Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say… Let him be here by 10 o’clock. 注意： 1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please don’t. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, let’s. 4、感叹句 由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） $ It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语：We study for the people. 2)复合谓语：I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） # The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 、 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词） They painted（涂漆）their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的）air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）