A.
abandon 抛/放弃，遗弃v.
ability 潜力；聪明；才智/能n. abreast 并列地adv.
absolute 绝对的；肯定的adj. absolutely 绝对地，无保留地adv. acceptable令人满意的adj. acceptance 接受，答应；承兑n. access（to sth.）方法，通路n. accessible 可接近的，可参观的adj. accessory 附件，附属品n. accidentally 意外，偶然，碰巧adv. accompany跟随；以…为特征/伴奏v. accordingly 因此；所以；于是adv. account 账目/单/户；报告n. 解释v. accurate 精确的，准确的adj. achievement 完成；成就/绩n. activity活力；活动，消遣n.
actually 实际地，实在地adv. acupuncture 针灸n.
adapt 使适应，改编v.
addition 增加的人或事物n. additional 外加的，附加的adj.
address 讨论，处理v.
add增加；补充说v.
adequate 足够的，充分的adj. administration 经营；政府/行政部门n. adopt 收养，采用vt.
adverse 不利的；敌对的；有害的adj. advertisement 公告，登广告n. advertise公布，宣传，暴露v.
affair 事情；个人/公共业务；事件n. affect 影响vt.
affiliate 使接纳为成员v. 隶属的组织n. affordable 支付得起的adj.
aggregate 聚集，集合v.
总计，总量n. 总的adj.
aggregation n.
agreement 协议，合约；协调n.
albeit 虽然，尽管conj.
algorithm 算法n.
alienate 使某人疏远；转让..所有权v. alliance 结盟；联姻；同盟国n. alongside 靠着…边adv. 在…旁边prep. alternative 可用以代替其他事物的adj. 两个或多个选择/可能性之一n.
alternatively 作为一种选择adv. amount 总计，共达v. 总数，总额n. analysis 分析n.
analyst 分析家，化验员n.
analyze 分析；观察并研究v.
annoy 使…不悦，惹恼v.
annual年度的；按年度计算的adj. anticipate 期望，预料v.
appendix 附录n.
applet 小程序，支程序
applicable合适的，适当的adj. application 申请，请求n.
apply请求；使…实施或生效，应用v. approach 接近，着手处理v.手段n. appropriate 适当的，正当的adj. approval 赞成，认可，同意n. architectural 建筑学的，结构上的adj. architecture 建筑学/设计；结构n. argument 争论；论点；概要，主题n. arrange 整理，布置，安排v. arrangement 安排，整理，布置n. article 物件；文章；条款；冠词n. articulate 清楚明白地说v.
aspect 方面n.
assemble 集合，收集；装配v. assess 评定，评价v.
asset 优点；有价值的；财产n.
assist 帮助v.
associate与某人交往v. 合伙的adj.
合伙人；准会员n.
association 联盟，合伙；联想；社团n. assume 假定，以为；承担vt assumption 假定/设；担任n. assurance 自信；担保；保险n. assure 向…保证；确保；给…保险v. attain 获得，达到v.
attempt 尝试，试图，努力v.
试/企图做..而得到的产物n.
attract 吸引v.
attribute 是…的经过；归因于v.
属性；象征；标志n.
auction 拍卖v. &n.
audit审计，查账n. 查核v. authenticate 证明真伪，鉴定v. authority 权力，权威，官方n. authorization 官方批准n.
authorize 委托代理；批准v. automate 使…自动操作v. automatic 自动的adj. automatically adv.
automotive 汽车n.
autonomy 自治/权，自由n. available 可用的，有效的adj. average 平均/数/水平n.
平均/常的adj. 求…的平均数v. avoid躲避；防止发生，预防v. B.
background 背景；个人学历v. backorder 延期交货n.
balance 天平/衡；余额n. 结算v. band 带，箍，波段n.
banner 标志区n.
barely 几乎没有；赤裸裸地adv. barrier 障碍n.
barter 易货，物物交换v. & n. basically 基本上adv.
behavior 待人态度；活动方式n. benefit 利益n. 使…受益v.
bet 打赌v. 赌注n.
bibliography 索引，文献n.
bid 拍卖出价；期望达到v. &n. billboard 露天大广告牌n.
binary 一对的，双adj.
bit 一小块，一点点n.
blueprint 蓝图，计划，方案n. brand 商品的牌子，商标broadband 宽带n.
broadly 清楚地；大体上adv. browser 浏览器n.
bulb 球茎；灯泡n.
burden 负担/荷/重n.
bureaucracy 官僚制度/体制；官僚n. burgeon 发芽，开始生长v.
bypass 绕过，避开vt.
C.
calculation 计/推/估算；计/策划n. campaign 战役；运动n.
capability 能做某事的素质，能力n. capable 有能力的，能胜任的adj. capture 俘获，捕捉v.
carbon 碳n.
casual 偶然的；无心的；马虎的adj.
catalog 目录，物品价目表n. catalogue 目录n. 将…编成目录v. categorize 分门别类v.
category 种类，类别，范畴n.
cater 备办食物；迎合v.
cement 水泥，胶合剂n.
用水泥铺…，将…结合在一起，加强v. centralize 集于中央，实行中央集权v. centric 中心的，中央的adj. certificate 有关方面出具的证明书n. chain 链条；一系列n.
challenge 邀请比赛；高难度的n.
提出异议；激励vt.
chapter 书的篇/章；时期n.
character品格；名人；字母；角色n. charge 要价，收费v.
chart 航海图；地图，示意图n.
绘制…的图表/地图vt.
checkout 付款处n.
chop 砍，折v.
circumstantial 详细的adj.
circumvent 阻遏计划实现v.
claim 宣称；需要，值得v.
要求承认所有权或某权利n.
classic 最优秀的，第一流的adj. classical 古/经典的，传统的adj. classify 分类，归类v.
clearance 清理；许可证；清算n. clerk 书记员；商店店员n.
client当事人；客户机n.
clip 回形针；弹夹n. 用剪刀修剪v. cluster 丛，簇，图；小群n.
集结成群，丛生v.
clutter 乱堆/塞v.
code 密码，暗号，代码，代号n. cofounder 共同创办/始人n.
coin 铸币，硬币n. 铸造钱币，创造v. collaboration 合作，协作n.
collect 收集，聚集；征集v. collection 一系列收集物，收藏品n. combination 结/混/联/组合，合并v. commence 开始，着手v.
comment 意见，解释，评论n.
评论，发表意见v.
commerce 商业，贸易n. commercial 商业的，商务的adj.
commercialize 通过…赚钱；商业化v. committed 坚定的，致力于…的adj. communal 全体公用的，集体的adj. communicate传播；交换信息v. communication 传递，通信；信息n. community 社区，团体，社会n. comparison 比较n.
compete 竞争，对抗，比赛v. competency 技能；管辖权，权限n. competition 比赛，竞赛n.
competitive比赛的，竞争的adj. competitor 竞争者，对手n. complement 与（sth）结合v. 补充物n. complementary 补充的，互补的adj. complete 完整的；结束的；彻底的adj. completely 完全地，彻底地adv. completion 完成n.
complex 联合的，复杂的adj.
相联/似的综合事物n.
complexity 复杂；复杂的事物n. compliance 服从，附和n.
complicated 结构复杂的adj. component 组成部分，零部件n.
一部分的，组成的adj. comprehensive 全面的，综合的adj. concentrate 全神贯注，专心致志v. concept 观念，概念n.
concern 对…有重要性，打扰v.
担心，焦急；企业，商行；股份n. concise 简明的adj. concisely adv. conclusion 终结；结论，结语n. concurrent 同时存在的/发生的adj. condition 状态，地位；现状；条款n. conduct 领导，带领；指挥v. confidence 信心n.
confidential 机密的；获他人信任的adj. configure 装配，配置v.
confirm 证实，确认v.
conflict 斗争，战斗；冲突，争执/论n. 不合，冲突，抵触v.
confuse 使迷惑/为难；把…搞乱v. confusion 困惑，分辨不清，混乱n. connect 连接，连结；联想v. connection 连接/点；生意上的关系户n. conscious清醒的；自觉的，蓄意的adj. consent 同意，允许v. &n.
consequence 结/后果，影响；重要性n. consider 思考；考虑v.
considerably 相当地adv. consideration 考虑；顾及，体贴n. consist of由…组成；in存在于v. consistent 始终如一的；持续的adj. consistently 前后一致，相符adv. consolidate 巩固，联合，合并v. consolidation n.
constant 经常的；稳定的adj.
常数/量n.
consultancy 提供咨询n.
consultant 顾问n.
consumer 消费者，顾客，用户n. consume花费v.
contact 接触；联系v. &n.
contest 对…予以驳斥v. 比赛，竞赛n. continual 继续不断的；一再重复的adj. continually 不停地，一再地adv. continuous 不间断的adj. continuously adv.
contour 轮廓，周线n.
contract 合同，契约n. 与某人签订v.
contractor 订约者，承包商n. convenience 方便，便利，适宜n. convention 大会，议会；协约；公认标准n conventional 根据惯例的adj.
conversion 转变，变换n.
convince 使某人确信/明白；说服v. cooperate 合作，相配合v.
cooperative 合作的，协作的adj. coordinate 协调，调节v.
coordination 协调，协同动作n.
core 果心；核心n.
corny 过时的，伤感的或感情脆弱的adj. corporate 团体的，公司的adj. corporation 法人团体n.
correct 正确的，对的adj. correspondence 一致；信件n.
costly 昂贵的，代价高的adj.
counsel 劝告；顾问律师n. counterproductive事与愿违的adj. courtroom 法院，法庭n.
covet 垂涎，渴望v.
向…提供专业建议；劝告v.
create 创造，引起，产生v.
creation 创造；作品n.
credentials 证明身份的文件n.
credit 贷款，贷方，信用，学分n. criterion 判断的标准n.
critical 指出缺点的；决定性的adj. crucial 关键的adj.
crush 压坏；消灭，击溃，镇压，制服v. cryptography 密码学n.
culture 文化n.
cumbersome 笨重的；缺乏效率的adj. currency 流行，通用，流通；货币n. currently 当前，时下adv.
current当前发生的；通用的adj. customer 顾客，主顾n.
customize 按顾客意思制造v. customization n.
customs 进口关税；海关n. cyberspace 电脑空间n.
D.
database 数据库n.
date 资料，数据n.
decision 决定，决策n.
decline 拒绝；谢绝；变小/弱/少v. dedicate 奉献，题献v.
deduct 扣/减除v.
defame 破坏…的声誉，诽谤v. define 给…下定义，阐明，解释v. definite 清楚地，明确的；肯定的adj. definition 释义，定义n.
deflate 紧缩v. deflation n. deliberate 故意的；不慌不忙的adj. deliberately adv.
delivery 投递，交付n. demographic 人口统计学的adj. denomination 名称；单位n.
dental 牙齿的；齿音的adj. dependency 附属国/地n.
deploy部署；有效使用v. description 描述；描写；形容n. desirable 值得有的，向往的adj. desktop 桌面n.
despite 尽管，不管，任凭prep. detail 细节/微的方面n. 逐项列出v. detailed 详细/尽的；完全的adj. detect 查明，查出v.
device 装置；策略，计谋n.
diagram 图解，示意图n.
dialup 拨号n.
dicker 谈生意，讲价钱v.
differ 与…不同；持异议v.
differential 工资差别n.
differentiation 辨别，区分n.
diffusion 传播，扩散n.
dig 挖，掘；挖出v.
digital 数字的，数字显示的adj.
directly 径直地，坦率地adv.
directory 电话薄n.
disadvantage 不利的条件；损失n. disclaimer 否定某事物的声明n. disclose 公开；使暴露v.
disclosure 揭发，公开；被揭露的秘闻n. disconcert 使…不安v.
disconnect 使分开，拆开v.
discount 折扣n.不重视；打折v. discover 发现；开发v. disintermediation 非居间化n.
dismiss 解雇；解散v.
disparate 无法比较的adj.
display 展示；表现v. &n.
dispute 争论，辩论n. &v.
disseminate 散布，广为传播v.
distinct 清楚/析的；不同种类的adj. distinguish 区分v.
distract 使某人分心，分散…的注意力v. distribution 分发/配/送；分布n. distributor 批发商n.
division 分开，除法；分界线；不和n. document 文件，公文，文献n. documentation 文件或证据的提供；证件n. domain 领地，版图；领域，范围n. domestically 本国的，国内的adv.
doom 死亡，毁灭，劫数，厄运n.
注定，命定，判定v.
downside 下调，下滑n.
downward 向下的，降低的adj.
draft 草稿；汇票n. 起草；抽调v. dramatic 戏剧的/性的adj.
duplicate 完全一样的；双重的adj.
相似物，复制品n.
duration 持续时间，期间n.
dynamic 动力的，精力充沛的adj.
产生变化n.
E.
earnings 赚的钱，生的利n.
economic 经济学的；与商业有关的adj. economy 节省；经济/生活/体制n. effect 效应，后果，感受n.
effective 有效地，实际的adj. effectively 有效地；实际上adv. efficiency 能力，效力，效能n. efficient能胜任的；有效率的adj. efficiently adv.
electronic 电子的，电子学的adj. electronically adv.
element 要素，特色n.
eliminate 除去，剔除，淘汰v.
embed 嵌入v.
embrace 拥抱；欣然接受；包含v. emerge 出现，暴露v.
emphasis 加强语气，强调n. employee 雇工，雇员n.
enable 使…成为可能v.
enactment 制定，规定；法律n. encompass 包括，包含，涉及v.
encounter 遇到；邂逅vt. encourage 鼓励，支持，援助v. encrypt 把…译成密码，编码v. encryption 加密n.
endeavor 努力，尽力n. &v. enforceable 可实施的adj. enforcement 强制，执行，加强n. engine 发动机，火车头n. enhance 增强，提高，美化vt. enhancement n.
enlighten 启发，开导v. enormous 极大的adj.
ensure 确保，保证v.
enterprise 事业；进取心；商机n. entertain 款待；使快乐v. entertainment 感到兴趣；娱乐n. entity 实体n.
entrant 参加者n.
entrepreneur 企业家n.
entrust 委托，托付v.
entry 进入权；项目n. environment 情况，环境n.
equip 供给所需东西；装备v.
equivalent 同等的adj. 同等的人或物n. essence 本质，精髓，要素n. essential 不可缺少的；基本的adj.
要素/点；必需品n.
establish 建立；证实；使人接受vt. explicitly adv.
estimate 估计，估价；对..判断n. &v. evaluate 求出数量或价值，评价v. evaporate 蒸发掉；消失v.
evolve 逐步发展，进化v.
exaggerate 夸张，夸大v.
excellence 优秀，卓越，杰出n. exchange 交换，互换，更换v. execute执行（计算机指令）vt. execution 执行，实行；处死刑n. executive 经营的adj. 行政人员n existence 存在，生存，存活n. expand 扩大，增加，扩展v. expansion 膨胀n.
expect 预料，期待/望；认为；猜想v. expectant 期望的；预期的adj. expectation 预料；预期；期待/望n. expenditure 花费，使用；支出额n.
expense 花费，代价n.
experience 经验，体验n.
experienced 有经验的adj.
expertise 专门知识/技能n.
explain 解释v.
explicit 明确而详细的；开诚布公的adj. explosive 爆炸性的；急速扩张的adj.
爆炸物，炸药n.
exponent 阐明者，代表；指数n. exponential 指数的，指数方程的adj. export 出口，输出n. &v.
expose显示；揭发vt.
exposure 显露，揭发；曝光n.
extend达到，伸展，伸延v.
extension 延伸；伸展n.
extensive 广阔的；广泛的adj.
extent 长度，区域；程度n.
external 外面的，位于…外表adj. extract 拔/榨出；摘录v. 榨出物；摘要n. extranet 外联网，企业外联网n. extreme 极端，极度n.极端的adj.
F.
facilitate 使…容易v.
一、专业名词 1，电子商务electronic commerce 视频会议video conference 不断增长ever –increasing 供应商supplier 内部运营internal operation 组织organization 交易transaction 消费者consumer 有效率的efficient 有弹性的flexible 2，电子邮件营销email marketing 市场调研market research 提高整体营销信息enhance overall marketing message 拓展网络exploit the web 网络能力capabilities of the web 离线营销活动offline marketing activities 传统营销traditional marketing 品牌的忠诚度brand loyalty 传统促销方法traditional promotional methods 营销策略marketing strategy 3，电子银行electronic bank 家庭银行home bank 支付账单pay bills 私人网络private network 金融机构financial institutions 银行服务banking services 在线申请apply online 4，电子支付electronic payment
电子支票electronic checks 电子货币electronic money 经常账户checking accounts 数据加密data encryption 客户认证client authentication 智能卡smart cards 计算机硬盘computer hard disks 银行部门banking sector 小额支付small value payment 5．网上购物流程the flow of shopping/purchasing online 迅速发展rapid growth/development 虚拟商店virtual stores/shops 产品规格specification 电子银行cyber bank 购物中心shopping center 在线付款payment online 确认订单confirmation of the order 总金额total amount 批号date code 6，最终产品finished goods 相关信息related information 产地the point of origin 运输与配送transport &services 国际供应链管理international supply chain management 预售服务pre-retailing services 军事策略military strategy 战时物资生产wartime material production 集中于centering on 战略物资补给strategic commodities supply
自考英语（二）常考英语词汇汇总 1.in the way 挡路，阻碍，妨碍 2. to make a guess at 对...进行猜测 3. to blind sb.to sth. 使某人看不到某物,使某人对某物丧失判断力 4. to contribute to sth.（1）促成，导致（2）有助于，增添（3）捐助，贡献（4）撰稿，投稿 5. to seek to do sth.设法做某事 6.in part 部分地；在某种程度上 7. vary from...to... 从...变为...；在...与...之间变化 8. and the like 等等，诸如此类 9. point of view 观点，看法 10. to apply for 申请，请求 11. day-to-day （1）日常的，每日常规工作的（2）逐日的 12. to have no idea 不知道；无能力 13. to take the trouble to do sth. 费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事 14. to put oneself in sb 'p s lace 设身处地替某人着想 15. to one's advantage 处于不利地位 16. to ask for 要求，请求，要价，讨价 17.in hand （1）在手中（持有）；在手头（随时可用）（2）在控制下（3）正在办理、处理之中 18. to make sure（of/that）（1）弄清楚，核实查明（2）设法确保，最好 19. to turn down （1）to turn sb./down 顶回，拒不理会，拒绝（2）to turn sth.down 调节（炉具、收音机等） 使热量、音量温度等降低（3）翻下 20. as soon as一...就...，不迟于 21. aim to do sth.或aim at doing sth 计划；打算；以...为目标 22. experiment with 进行实验（试验） 23.in case 免得，以防万一，说不定 24.in theory 理论上，理论上讲 25. to apply to sth. （1）把...应用于...（2）致力于...，集中精力（做某事） 26. research into 研究、探讨、调查 27. to swallow up （1）吞没，淹没，掩盖（2）用尽，耗尽 28. to make use of 利用 29. depend on 依靠，指望 30. together with 和，连同 31.in every respect 在各个方面 32.in other words 换句话说，也就是说 33. to consist of 由...组成，由...构成 34. a great many 许多，很多 35. to consist of 对...有影响 36. above all 最重要的，尤其，首先 37. as a rule 在多数情况下，通常，一般而言 38. to be affected with 感染（疾病），患有...病 39. to carry out （1）实施，执行，完成，贯彻，落实（2）进行（实验等） 40.in addition to 加之，除...以外
电商常用术语中英对照 ?CVR (Click Value Rate): 转化率，衡量CPA广告效果的指标 ?CTR (Click Through Rate): 点击率 ?CPC (Cost Per Click): 按点击计费 ?CPA (Cost Per Action): 按成果数计费 ?CPM (Cost Per Mille): 按千次展现计费 ?CPS(Cost Per Sales)：以实际销售产品数量来换算（淘客） ?PV (Page View): 流量 ?PV单价: 每PV的收入，衡量页面流量变现能力的指标 ?ADPV (Advertisement Page View): 载有广告的pageview流量 ?ADimp (ADimpression): 单个广告的展示次数 ?RPS (Revenue Per Search): 每搜索产生的收入，衡量搜索结果变现能力指标 ?ROI：return on investment回报率(ROI)是指通过投资而应返回的价值，它涵盖了企业的获利目标。利润投入的经营所必备的财产相关，因为管理人员必须通过投资和现有财产获得利润。又称会计收益率、投资利润率。?UV(独立访客)：Unique Visitor ?PV(访问量)：PageView,即页面浏览量或点击量，用户每次刷新即被计算一次。 ?SKU：SKU=Stock Keeping Unit（库存量单位）
销售常用术语及释义1.时间 2.生意衡量指标 1) 销售指标 ?GSV Gross Sales Value Sell-in的销售额 ?NSV Net Sales Value Sell-in的销售额减去TP
A. abandon 抛/放弃，遗弃v. ability 潜力；聪明；才智/能n. abreast 并列地adv. absolute 绝对的；肯定的adj. absolutely 绝对地，无保留地adv. acceptable令人满意的adj. acceptance 接受，答应；承兑n. access（to sth.）方法，通路n. accessible 可接近的，可参观的adj. accessory 附件，附属品n. accidentally 意外，偶然，碰巧adv. accompany跟随；以…为特征/伴奏v. accordingly 因此；所以；于是adv. account 账目/单/户；报告n. 解释v. accurate 精确的，准确的adj. achievement 完成；成就/绩n. activity活力；活动，消遣n. actually 实际地，实在地adv. acupuncture 针灸n. adapt 使适应，改编v. addition 增加的人或事物n. additional 外加的，附加的adj.
address 讨论，处理v. add增加；补充说v. adequate 足够的，充分的adj. administration 经营；政府/行政部门n. adopt 收养，采用vt. adverse 不利的；敌对的；有害的adj. advertisement 公告，登广告n. advertise公布，宣传，暴露v. affair 事情；个人/公共业务；事件n. affect 影响vt. affiliate 使接纳为成员v. 隶属的组织n. affordable 支付得起的adj. aggregate 聚集，集合v. 总计，总量n. 总的adj. aggregation n. agreement 协议，合约；协调n. albeit 虽然，尽管conj. algorithm 算法n. alienate 使某人疏远；转让..所有权v. alliance 结盟；联姻；同盟国n. alongside 靠着…边adv. 在…旁边prep. alternative 可用以代替其他事物的adj. 两个或多个选择/可能性之一n.
1 why should a student of English study English lexicology ? First ,it will help his personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power . second ,it will give him a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable him to organize ,classif y and store words more effectively .third, it will gradually raise his awareness of meaning and usages of words ,and enable him to use words more accurat ely and appropriat ely. f ourth, it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solving ability and eff iciency of individual study .and at last ,it will improve his receptive and productive skills in language processing as will as language production. 2 How does a students of English study English lexicology? We have two approaches to the study of English words, namely synchronic and diachroni c. From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, regardless of changes whatsoever. From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form：语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans；the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart；some of the differences were created by the early scribes；f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别？) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别：内 涵意义，文体意义，感情意义，搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别？) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1，diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1，contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1，antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词：1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms： these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因？) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2， narrowing (词义的缩小) 3，elevation (词义的升格) 4，degradation (词义的
1、Access Method 网络的访问方法 2、Access Right访问（存取）权 3、Accounts 网络账号 4、Accounting Services 记账服务 5、Acknowledgment 确认 6、Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)网址解决协议 7、Addresses of Electronic Mail电子邮件地址 8、Address of Network 网络地址 9、Advertise online 网络广告 10、Alpha 阿尔法试验 11、Ask Job on Internet 网上求职 12、Advertisement on Internet 网上广告 13、AAMOF 事实上 14、AFAIK 据我所知 15、Angels 网络投资者 16、ASAP 尽快 17、Agent 代理程序 18、Alpha AXP, DEC 数字设备公司的电脑系统 19、Amazon Business Model 亚马逊商务模式 20、American National Standards Institute(ANSI) 美国国家标准协会 21、Anonymous File Transfer Protocol 匿名文件传输协议 22、AOL（American Online）美国在线 23、Application Services Proviver(ASP) 网络应用服务供应商 24、Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL)异步数字用户线 25、At Work Architecture, Microsoft Auditing 网络运作体系结构 26、Authentication and Authorization 验证和授权 27、RSA 数据安全 28、Backbone Networks 骨干网络 29、Backup and Data Archiving 备份与归档 30、Bandwidth 带宽 31、B to B (Business to Business) 企业间的电子交易 32、BBC Model BBC 模式 33、B to C 电子零售，企业对消费者的交易 34、Biz. 商业类新闻讨论组 35、BBIAB 马上回来 36、BBIAF 以后见 37、BBL稍后便回 38、BBYE 再见 39、BTW 顺便提一下 40、Bits and Bytes 比特与字节 41、Business Software 商业软件 42、Bookmark 书签 43、Bookstore Online 网上书店 44、BGP 边界网关协议 45、Bridge 网桥 46、Broadband ISDN(B-ISDN) 宽带综合业务数字网 47、Broadband Service 宽带服务 48、Browser 浏览器 48、Browsing 浏览49、Bulletin Board System (BBS) 电子公告栏 50、Buy Online 网上购物 51、Commercial Software 商业软件 52、Cyber economy 网络经济 53、CES（Consumer Electronics Show）消费性电子用品展 54、Carrier 电信公司 55、CD 光盘 56、CEO(Chief Executive Official) 首席执行官 57、CGI（Common Gateway Interface）通用网关接口 58、Channel 信道，通道，频道 59、Certification Systems 确认认证系统 60、Client/Server 客户服务器 61、Principal and Subordinate Structure 主从结构 62、Client-Server LAN Protocol 客户服务器局域网络协议 63、Client Software 用户端软件 64、Command Line Account 命令行账户 65、Commerce Net 商业网 66、Commercial Online Service 商业在线服务 67、Comparative Buy 比较购物 68、Common Mail Calls(CMC) 共同邮件呼叫 69、Communication 通讯 70、Communication Server 通讯服务器 71、Computer Network 计算机网络 72、Consumer Online 网络消费者 73、CRM（Customer Relationship Management）客户关系管理 74、Cryptography 密码术 75、C to C 消费者之间的交易 76、CPM 每千人收费 77、Cybercafés 网吧 78、CNNIC（China internet network information center） 中国互联网络信息中心 79、Customer Online 在线顾客、客户 80、CWIS（Campus Wide Information System）全校园信息系统 81、Cyber investigate for Consumer 网络消费者调查 82、Cyberspace 网络空间 83、Data Base Management System (DBMS) 数据库管理系统 84、Database Server 数据库服务器 85、Data Communications 数据通信 86、Data Encryption Standard(DES) 数据加密标准 87、Datagram Delivery Protocol(DDP) 数据报传送协议 88、Datagram Network Services 数据报网络服务 89、Data Highway 数据高速公路 90、Data Management 数据管理 91、Data Migration 数据转移 92、Data Protection 数据保护 93、Data Transfer Rates 数据传输率 94、Digital Cash 数字现金 95、Dotcom(.com) 互联网络公司 96、Desktop 台式计算机 97、Dialup Line 拨号线
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
《电子商务英语词汇表》 Chapter1：OverviewofElectronicCommerce Theopencase：Dell—UsingE-CommerceforSuccess 【教学内容】 s中的专业及非专业词汇及用 1、掌握“Dell—UsingE-CommerceforSucces” 法： （1）Dell——戴尔公司 r——个人电脑 （2）PC（personalcompute） （3）mailorder——邮件订单（通过邮件产生订单） （4）configure——配置 （5）customized——定制的 （6）build-to-order——按单生产 （7）cornerstone——奠基石 （8）businessmode—l—商业模型 （9）snailmail——蜗牛邮寄 （10）Web——网页 （11）online-order-taking——在线订购 （12）networkswitches——网络交换设备 （13）auction——拍卖 （14）refurbished——翻新的（refurbishedcomputers,翻新机） （15）Business-to-business——B2B （16）PremierDellService——“首要客户服务”（大客户、重要客户服务） （17）directmarketingonline——网上直销 （18）notebook——笔记本电脑 （19）desktop——桌面电脑 t—电子采购 （20）e-procuremen— （21）purchasingagent— s—采购代理、采购部门 （22）preconfigured——预先配置的 （23）orderfulfilled——订单履行 （24）e-working——电子办公网 （25）portal——门户，这里作“接口” （26）tender——投标 （27）exchange——交易（系统） （28）shipper——运输商 ,流公（29）logistics——后勤学，这里作“物流”,logisticscompanies物 司 （30）inventories——库存 （31）application——应用软件 （32）consultingservices——咨询服务 （33）communicationsystem——通信系统