8A Unit 6 知识点解析与练习
1. birdwatching n. 观鸟watch the birds 动词短语观鸟
去观鸟go birdwatching = go to watch the birds
2. market [C] 市场在市场at/in the market
去市场上观鸟go to the market to watch the birds = go birdwatching at the market
3. society 社会[U]; 协会[C] There are many ________________(协会) in my school.
加入观鸟协会join the Birdwatching Society
social 社会的adj.
4. wetland 湿地[C] 在湿地_________ the wetlands
5. feather 羽毛[C] fur 皮毛[U] the bird with brown and grey ____________(羽毛)
6. 天鹅_________麻雀___________鹤_________鹰__________丹顶鹤__________________ 一只鹰____________________
7. wing 翅膀[C] one of its broad brown _______________(翅膀)
8. 你最喜欢什么鸟? What’s your favourite bird? = What bird do you like best?
9. 鹤长什么样? What do cranes look like? = How do cranes look? = What are cranes like?
10. types of cranes 鹤的种类How many types of cranes are there in the world?
11. rare稀有的；perfect完美的；favourite最爱的；top 顶尖的；excellent极好的
以上形容词无最高级和比较级
Red-crowned cranes is one of the ____________________(稀有的) birds in the world.
12. nature 自然n. natural 自然的, 天然的adj. reserve 保护区n. [C]
a nature reserve many nature reserves 自然界: the _____________ world
13. north北south南east东west西东南south-east 西北north-west
在中国东北in North-east China = in the north-east of China
在中国东部in East China = in the east of China
in 在范围内部to 在范围外部
Japan is _________the west of China and Taiwan is _______ the south-east of China.
14. one of +限定词+形容词最高级+复数
one of the world’s most important wetlands = _______________________________________ 15. 为某人提供某物provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
offer sth to sb. = offer sb. sth.
provide a lot of wildlife with food and cover = provide _________________________________ 16. cover n. 庇护所[U]; 封面[C] food and cover 食物和庇护所
v. 覆盖; 包括cover an area of 100 square meters 占地面积100平方米
17. …的地方: a place for sth; a place to do sth; …的家园: be home to …
问题的答案: the answer to the question; the key to the question;
一些珍稀鸟类的完美之地a perfect place ____________________________________
一个观鸟的完美之地____________________________________________________
丹顶鹤的第二大家园______________________________________ red-crowned cranes
18. all year round 常年= ______________________= ______________________
19. stay n. 停留, 逗留go there _________________________(去那里做短暂停留)
v. 停留, 暂住stay there _________________________(去那里做短暂停留) 20. while n. 一会儿, 一段时间run only for a short while
conj. 然而I like English while my brother likes Maths.
21. act v. 动作，行动actor男演员(n.) actress女演员(n.) action行动(n.)
active活跃的(adj.) inactive不活跃的(adj.) activity活动(n.) 更活跃的_______________
22. 在白天_______ the daytime 在夜晚at night
23.leave v.离开;剩下过去式________There be…left / Sb. have …left还剩下…(固定句式)
I have nothing ______________(leave).
Hurry up! The train ______________________(leave).
There are not many cranes _________________(leave) in the world.
24. per cent = precent 百分之五十___________________
1). per cent of 后加名词时, 名词前要加限定词40 percent of them; 50 percent of the water
2). per cent of 后加可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数
后加不可数名词或单数名词时，谓语动词用单数
In this village, 90 percent of the water __________(be) polluted(被污染) but only 1 percent of the children ____________(be) ill last year.
3) 对百分比提问要用what
40 percent of the cranes live in Zhalong. What percent of the cranes live in Zhalong? 25. space [U] have/make space for … 为…腾出空间
为农场和建筑物腾出更多空间__________________________________________
越来越少的空间______________________________________________________
26. lead v. 领导，带领过去式__________ 领导者，首领____________
lead to (doing) 导致做某事It led to _______________(fail) in the game.
27. Moreover, …. 此外= What’s more, …. ; However, …. 但是= … but…Otherwise, … 否则= … or …; As a result, … 结果= … so…
They didn’t give up loo king for the girl. _______________, they asked the police for help. They didn’t give up looking for the girl. _______________, they still couldn’t find her.
28. keep (on) doing sth. = not stop doing sth.
He didn’t stop practicing English. = He ___________________________English.
Keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事Sorry for keeping you _____________(wait). 29. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. = stop sb. (from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
他不让我等你。He keeps me from waiting for you. = He prevents me waiting for you.
30. study n. 学习，研究[U] for further study; 书房[C] two studies
v. 学习，研究study different types of cranes
31. record their types and changes in their numbers 记录他们的类型和数量上的变化
1). record v. 记录n. 记录break a record 打破纪录
2). change vi. 变化The weather changes. 天气变了。vt.改变It changed me. 它改变了我。
n. [C] changes in the numbers.
3). in 在某方面in area / in size / in height / in weight
32. tour n. 旅行tourist 旅行者[C]
33. count and describe the birds 数鸟并描述鸟
describe vt. 描述n.[C] descri p tion the description(s) of…
34. understand vt. 理解，明白过去式______________ n. ________________
35. important adj. 重要的不重要的_______________ n. 重要性______________ be important = be of importance 重要的
This message is of great importance. = This message is ___________________.
对…重要________________________ = _________________________________
野生动物保护区的重要性________________________________________
36. 世界上的其他地方___________ parts of the world
37. To-infinitives (动词不定式小结)
1. 构成: 不定式的基本形式: to +动词原形, 有时可以省略to。这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not (+to)+动词原形”。
2. 用法:
1). 作主语：不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为: It + be + adj. (+for sb.) +动词不定式。
It’s important for us _________________ (protect) cranes.
2). 作表语: 当主语是dream/work/duty/job/purpose等词时, 常用to do 作表语。
My dream is ____________(be) a social worker.
My work is ______________(record) the changes in their numbers.
3). 作宾语:
(1). 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如: would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan 等。
I hope __________(be) a member of the Birdwatching Society.
(2). 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。
I find it meaningful _____________(build) more reserves.
4). 作宾语补足语: 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。
Lucy asked him not to catch the bird for money. (对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ Lucy ask him _________ __________ __________ for money? tell、ask、want、would like、invite、order(命令)、wish、allow(允许)、encourage(鼓励)、advise、warn(警告)等后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
注意: 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，此时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。Mr. Wu makes me _____________(describe) more clearly about the swan’s feathers.
5). 不定式作定语:
(1).动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，与名词有逻辑上的被动关系。
Would you like something ________________(drink)?
(2).如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。没有什么可担心的。There is nothing ___________________________.
这是一个可居住的完美房屋。It’s a perfect house __________________________.
6). 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how 连用作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。Miss Zhang told me what to do. (what to do = what I should do)
H e didn’t know where to go. (where to go= where he should go)
注意: 不定式和含有介词to 的固定搭配的区别:
在含有介词的短语中，有的介词是to, 此时to后面需要接名词、代词或动词的ing形式，注意与to do 不定式区分。
look forward to 期盼，盼望做某事；lead to 导致
Sometimes, looking forward to winning too much leads to failing instead.
有时太期望赢反而会导致失败。
38.to do表目的时, 等于in order to do, 均可放于句末，也可放于句首(首字母大写,逗号隔开)否定为in order not to do.
In order _____________(not be) late, he gets up much earlier than usual.
39. take photos of birds 拍鸟的照片；draw pictures of birds 画鸟的图画
include birds in the poems 将鸟写入诗中；at bird shows 在鸟展上
40. have to do sth. 不得不做某事(有时态和单复数变化)
41. 一双舒适的鞋_______________________ 一副望远镜________________________
42. 走很长的路walk a long way
43. fly (to the) south for the winter = fly (to the) south to spend the winter 飞往南方过冬
fly ---过去式___________
44. facts about… 关于…现状
45. 占地面积… cover an area of… = have an area of… = be 面积in area/in size
平方千米square kilometres
46. the health of people all over the world 全世界人们的健康
47. take 1). 携带take sth. with sb. 某人随身携带某物(主语是人)
What else should we take with us? 我们还要随身携带什么东西?
2). 花费it takes sb. some time to do sth. (主语必须是it 或sth.)
It takes hours to watch the birds. 观鸟通常要花费数小时。
Flying to the south __________ the birds over three hours every year. (spend/cost/take/pay)
类比make 1). 使役动词make sb. do sth.; make sb. adj. 2). 制作make a pumpkin lantern 3). 发出make sounds 发出声音
发出美妙的声音______________________ 发出不同的鸟叫声________________________ 不同的鸟叫声听起来很美妙。_________________________________________________. The cold weather makes the birds __________(fly) south.
He __________(make) a paper rose ___________(make) his mother happy the other day.
类比get 1). 系动词变得get hungry/tired/thirsty thirsty—thirst ier 2). 实义动词, 得到After getting a new present, he get much happier. 得到一份新礼物后，他变得更高兴了。48. clear adj.清晰的比较级_________;adv.清晰地__________ adv.比较级______________
easy adj.简单的比较级_________;adv.简单地__________ adv.比较级______________ early adj. & adv. 比较级______________
英语学得越早，记单词就会越简单。
______________you learn English, ____________________ you can remember the words. 49. else adj. 别的, 其他的(可置于不定代词或wh-疑问词后)
Anything else? 还有别的什么吗？what else/who else
50. Take a notebook with you to write down what you see. 随身带个笔记本以便记下你看到的东西。1). to do 表目的；2). write it/ them down 代词置中
2). what you see 作write down的宾语从句，所以用陈述句语序
Please write down what she said. = Please write down ______________________.
53. application [C] 申请form [C] 表格一份申请_______________________
一份表格_______________________ 一份申请表______________________________
54. date of birth 出生日期
55. address [C] 地址一个地址__________________ 地址复数_________________
56. interest [C] 兴趣adj. 有趣的______________对…感兴趣________________
短语: 对…感兴趣be interested in (doing) sth. 兴趣和爱好____________________________ I find Miss Zhang very _____________.
I find Miss Zhang very _____________in eating sweets.
57. free time 空余时间when sb. be free = _____________________
58. introduce vt. 介绍[C] 介绍_______________________
把A介绍给B _______________________ 请让我自我介绍___________________________ 59. learn about… 了解… learn more about…对…了解更多
different kinds of 不同种类的all kinds of 各种各样的动植物plants and animals
60. be a member of = be in = join
61. 参加保护野生动物的活动__________________________________________________
62. do something to protect them=_________ to protect them=______________ to protect them
63. from … to… 从…到… (可加时间或地点)
64. call sb. on + 电话号码给某人打电话email sb. at + 邮箱地址给某人发邮件