Part IV:CommonlyUsed ProfessionalTerms of Civil Engineering
development organization 建设单位
designorganization 设计单位
construction organization施工单位
reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土
pile桩
steel structure钢结构
aluminium alloy 铝合金
masonry砌体(工程)reinforced~ 配筋砌体
load-bearing~承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体
permissiblestress(allowablestress) 容许应力
plywood 胶合板
retaining wall挡土墙
finish装修
finishing material装修材料
ventilation 通风
natural~ 自然通风
mechanical~ 机械通风
diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall)地下连续墙
villa 别墅
moment of inertia惯性矩
torque 扭矩
stress应力normal ~法向应力shear~ 剪应力
strain应变
agehardening 时效硬化
air-conditioning system空调系统
(air)void ration(土)空隙比
albery壁厨,壁龛
a l mery壁厨,贮藏室
anchorage length锚固长度
antiseismic joint 防震缝
architecturalappearance 建筑外观
architectural area 建筑面积
architectural design 建筑设计
fiashing泛水
workability (placeability) 和易性
safetyglass安全玻璃
tempered glass(reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃
foamed glass泡沫玻璃
asphalt沥青
felt(malthoid)油毡
riveted connection 铆接
welding焊接
screwed connection 螺栓连接
oakum麻刀,麻丝
tee三通管
tap存水弯
esthetics美学
formwork 模板(工程)
shoring支撑
batching 配料
slipform construction(slipforming) 滑模施工
lfit-slabconstruction 升板法施工
mass concrete大体积混凝土
terrazzo水磨石
constructionjoint 施工缝
honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面
piled foundation桩基
deepfoundation 深基础
shallow foundation浅基础
foundationdepth基础埋深
pad foundation独立基础
strip foundation 条形基础
raft foundation筏基
boxfoundation箱形基础
BSMT=basement 地下室
lift电梯electric elevator
lift well电梯井
escalator 自动扶梯
Poisson’s ratio泊松比μ
Young’s modulus, modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safetycoefficient 安全系数
fatigue failure疲劳破坏
bearing capacity of foundations地基承载力
bearingcapacity of a pile单桩承载力
two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋
reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板
singleway slab单向板
window blind 窗帘sun blind
wind load 风荷载
curing 养护
watertightconcrete 防水混凝土
white cement白水泥
separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint灰缝
pilaster壁柱
fire rating耐火等级
fire brick 耐火砖
standardbrick标准砖
terra cotta琉璃瓦
mosaic 马赛克
ceramicmosaic陶瓷锦砖,马赛克,ceramicmosaic tile
ceramic tile 瓷砖
rubble wall毛石墙
marble 大理石,大理岩
granite花岗石,花岗岩
ready-mixed concrete商品混凝土,预拌混凝土
real estate房地产
reinforcement bar钢筋veinforcementmeal,reinforcing ba r,reinforcing steel
reinforcement cover混凝土保护层
reinforcementmat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh
reinforcingratio配筋率reinforcement percentage
reinforcing work钢筋工程
residential building居住建筑
rigidfoundation刚性基础
roof屋顶,屋盖,屋面; roof board屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园
roof live load 屋面活荷载
rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石,水刷石
sand cushion砂垫层
saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗
scaffold脚手架
sill窗台
silty soil粉质土
singledoor单扇门
double door双扇门
singlereinforcemen单筋t
slidingdoor推拉门
sliding window水平推拉窗
staircase楼梯间
stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆,楼梯扶手
stair step楼梯踏步
stair string (er)楼梯梁
stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom
steel forms钢模板
store room贮藏室
structuraldrawings结构图
softsubstratum软弱下卧层
sun louver遮阳板
supportingblock支座
supporting layer持力层
tensilereinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel,tension reinforcement
terrace roof 平屋顶
thermal insulation隔热
throughventilation穿堂风
timber structure 木结构wood structure
toilet盥洗间,浴室,厕所,便池
tracing paper描图纸
lawn 草坪
treatment of elevation立面处理
drawing board 绘图板
triaxialcompression test三轴压缩试验
tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架
uniformly distributed load均布荷载
unnotched bar光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋
urinal 小便池,小便斗,小便槽
valley天沟
ventilating skylight通风天窗
waterproof barrier防水层aquatard
Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论
Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论
foundation treatment地基处理
foundationpressure 基底压力
span 跨度
specific gravity比重
quicklime生石灰,氧化钙
hydratedlime 熟石灰,消石灰
hydration 水化作用
plaster of Paris熟石膏
portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥
portland blastfurnaceslag cement矿渣水泥
portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥
portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥
gas-foamingadmixture发泡剂
retarding admixture缓凝剂
water-reducingagent减水剂
air-entrained agent加气剂
slump坍落度
water-cement ratio水灰比w/c
architectural lighting建筑采光,建筑照明
architecturalperspective建筑透视图
architecturalsection建筑剖面图
architectural specifications建筑规范
architectural workingdrawing 建筑施工图
architecture sketch建筑草图
arcwelding电弧焊
stress concentration 应力集中
multistoried building 多层建筑
settlementoffoundation 地基沉降
tensile strength抗拉强度
compressive strength抗压强度
bending strength抗弯强度
construction material建筑材料building material
continuous beam连续梁
tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊
SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验
wall between twowindows窗间墙
stability稳定性
stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线
stress-strain diagram应力-应变图
damp-proof coating防潮层
osmosis渗透
osmotic co-efficient渗透系数
osmotic pressure渗透压力
finiteelement method 有限单无法
finite-difference method有限差分法
finite slice method条分法
deformation 变形
displacement位移
allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力
total anddifferential settlement总沉降量和沉降差
Mohr’s circleofstress 摩尔应力圆
snow laod雪(荷)载
bent reinforcement bar弯起钢筋
bent steel 弯起钢筋
bent-upbar 弯起钢筋
bid 投标,标书
bid call招标
bid opening开标
bidding sheet 标价单
bid price出价,投标价格
binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋
blockingcourse檐口墙,女儿墙parapet(wall)bloodwood 红木redwood
bricklintel 砖砌过梁
brick masonry structure 砖石结构
BRKT =bracket 牛腿
building height 建筑高度
buildingindustrialization建筑工业化
building-in fitting 预埋件
building law建筑法
buildingline建筑红线
building module 建筑模数
building orientation 建筑物朝向
building permitsfor construction建筑施工执照buildingequipment建筑设备
building physics建筑物理
building rubble 建筑垃圾
buildingstorm sewer房屋雨水管
built –in cupboard壁厨
cable structure 悬索结构
cable-supported construction悬索结构
canopy雨篷
cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土
cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土
caterpillarcrane履带式起重机
cavitybrick空心砖
cavity wall空心墙
ceiling 顶棚,吊顶,天花板
cement floor水泥地面
cementmortar水泥砂浆
center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)
chain-pullswitch拉线开关
cromatics色彩学
cityplanning城市规划
civilarchitecture民用建筑
civilbuilding民用建筑
civil engineering土木工程
clay brick粘土砖
clerestory天窗
clerestorywindows高侧窗
closet 盥洗室,厕所,卫生间
coated glass 玻璃幕墙glasscurtainwall collapsibleloess 湿陷性黄土slumpingloess
collar tie beam圈梁
combination beam组合梁
combination construction混合结构
shear wall剪力墙
shear strength抗剪强度
transom (门上的)亮子
bar 棒,条,杆件,(粗)钢筋
beam梁
framework 框架
truss桁架
statically determinate~静定桁架
statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架
elasticity弹性
plasticity塑性
stiffness刚度
fiexibility挠度
bendingmoment弯矩~diagram 弯矩图~ envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线
aggregate骨料
coarse ~粗骨料
fine~ 细骨料
admixture外加剂
concretemixer混凝土搅拌机
paint 油漆
density密度
viscosity粘度,粘滞性
geology地质
earthpressure土压力active~主动土压力
coarse sand粗砂;medium sand中砂;fine sand细砂
artificialdaylight人工采光
artificial illumination人工照明
artof architecture建筑艺术
seismatic design 抗震设计
back view背立面
balcony阳台
balustrade栏杆,扶手
bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架
band iron扁铁,扁钢
barcutter钢筋切断机
bar list钢筋表
barspacing钢筋间距
baseboard踢脚板
basic module基本模数
BC=buildingcode建筑法规
beam-and-column construction梁柱结构(框架结构)
beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构
beam-and-slab construction梁板结构
beam with oneoverhanging end悬臂梁cantilever beam,ov erhanging beam
beamwith simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supportedbeam, simplysupported beam
beam with fixed ends固端梁
bending stiffness弯曲刚度
bending strength抗弯强度
bending stress弯曲应力
bend bar弯起钢筋,弯筋
commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑
commercialbuildings商业建筑物,商业房屋
compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土
compactedsoil压实土
compaction by layers分层填土夯实
compaction byrolling 碾压
compaction by vibration振动压实
compartmentation隔断
completion acceptance竣工验收
completion date竣工日期
compression bar受压钢筋
compression steel受压钢筋
concealed work 隐蔽工程
conductor水落管
construction administration 施工管理
constructionaldrawing施工图,构造图
construction andinstallation work 建筑安装工程constructioncompany 建筑公司
construction economics建筑经济
construction industry建筑(工)业
constructioninprocess 在建工程
constructionmanagementplan施工组织设计constructionperiod施工工期
construction site施工现场
creep 徐变,蠕变
crosswall横墙
dark room暗室
designdevelopment phase 技术设计阶段
design scheme设计方案
detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图
development area开发区
digestion tank 化粪池septic tank,sewagetankdistributed load分布荷载
distributing bars 分布钢筋
distribution reinforcement分布钢筋
BL=deadload恒载,自重
dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turn
domestic building居住房屋,住宅
door window落地窗
dormitory宿舍
downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout,fallpipe, leader pipe,rainconductor,rain leader, rain-waterleader
drip line 滴水线
dunny厕所,盥洗室
earthquake intensity地震烈度
earthquake load地震荷载
earthquake resistant design抗震设计
earthwork土石方工程
earthwork quantity土方工程量
eave屋檐
effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度
enameledtile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖
engineering geologicalprospecting工程地质勘探
expandedjoint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature joint factory building厂房
figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patternedglass
fixed window固定窗
flat skylight平天窗
flexiblefoundation 柔性基础
floor load楼面荷载
floorplan楼屋平面图
floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高
floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度
story height层高
farmed steel 型钢shape(d)steel
foundation beam 基础梁
foundation bed 基础垫层
gable 出墙~wall
galvanizediron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮
generalarrangementdrawing总体布置图,总平面图
generallayout总平面图,总体布置
glassfiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢
glued board 胶合板
gravel砾石; ~cobble 卵石pebble gravel,pebble stone
groundengineering地基工程
groundfloor plan底层平面图
groundwatersurface 地下水位phreatic(water ) surface
gutter明沟,天沟
rain-gutter檐沟,天沟
hair麻刀hemp
mixed sand 混合砂
mechanicsofmaterials材料力学
theoretical mechanics 理论力学
elastic mechanics弹性力学
structural mechanics结构力学
architectural mechanics建筑力学
fracture mechanics断裂力学
soil mechanics土力学
rockmechanics岩石力学
fluidmechanics流体力学
abrasive floor防滑地板
accelerated cement快凝水泥
accelerator促凝剂,速凝剂
acceptance ofhidden subsurfacework 隐蔽工程验收acceptanceof tender得标
acceptance of worksubelements分项工程验收
access eye 清扫孔,检查孔
access hole检修孔
accessplate检修孔盖板
accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断,屏风
acid 酸
alkali碱
acoustical insulation隔声
red cray 红粘土adamic earth
adhesive bitumenprimer冷底子油
administration oftheconstructioncontract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯
non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall
norm for detailedestimates 预算定额
norm for preliminary estimates概算定额
norm for estimatinglabor requirements劳动定额
norm for estimating material requirements材料定额
open ditch 明沟open trench
outside finish 外装修
partion隔壁,~ screen 隔断
peashingle 豆砾石,绿豆砂
pipeline gas管道煤气
plastic hinge 塑性铰
plinth(wall)勒脚
pointing(joints)勾缝
pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙
porch门廊,走廊
pore water 孔隙水
post-tensioning method后张法
precastconcrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁
precastreinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋
monolithic reinforcedconcrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土
pretensioningmethod先张法
protectingcap安全帽protective cap,safetyhelmet
protectingnet 安全网
publicbuilding公共建筑
public comfort station 公共厕所public convenience
pumpconcrete 泵送混凝土pumpingconcrete
halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform,stair landing, stairpla tform
hallway门厅,过道
hemp thread麻丝
high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店
hip 屋脊线
hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋
hull core structure筒体结构
inside finish内装修
jalousie window百叶窗, louver window
junior beam次梁secondary beam,secondarygirder
main beam 主梁primary beam,primarygirder
kick strip踢脚
step踏步
L& CM=lime and cementmortar石灰水泥砂浆
lintol (门窗)过梁lintel
longitudinalbar纵向钢筋
low-rise building低层建筑
LR = livingroom起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)r
mastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料
membranecuring薄膜养护
metallic tape钢卷尺
metal window钢窗
mid-span moment跨中弯矩
mix(ing)proportion配合比,混合比mix(ing)ratio
mopboard踢脚板
mosquito screen 纱窗, screenwindow
《专业英语》复习题 一、选择题 1.civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use 2.attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine. 3.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united states of America 4.a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction. 5.it’s our duty to (comply with) the specification. 6.dose your shop (supply) rebar ? 7.neither I nor he (is) fond of music. 8.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site. 9.the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%. 10.i f the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed). 11.(wherever) you go, you can see many buildings. 12.d ams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. 13.the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered). 14.i n modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are
第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
Part IV:Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体(工程)reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration(土)空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀,麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板(工程) shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架, ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性;吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂;加速器;催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路;通道 access door 检修门;通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处;出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道;斜通道access road 通路;通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件;配件accident 事故;意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设;容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器;蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备;酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器;音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器;唧筒;激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器;承接器;转接器; addition 增设;加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂;胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口;通路;坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校;调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂;外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志;方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒;喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂;代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材;集料;碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器;搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器
土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth,the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections. In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface.The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil,giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface.The problem is considered in two dimensions,conditions of plane strain being assumed.It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface. Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress,covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction.Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis.In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O,radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength.Equating moments about O:
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语 Specialty English 3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程 Civil Engineering 5 地下工程 Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程 Port Engineering 13 安全性 safety 17木结构 timber structure 18 砌体结构 masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构 steelstructure 21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土 plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋 rebar 25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构 truss structure 29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure 30 近海工程 offshore engineering 31 静力学 statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁 simply supported beam 35 固定支座 fixed bearing 36弹性力学 elasticity 37 塑性力学 plasticity 38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics 40 土力学 soil mechanics 41 水力学 hydraulics 42 流体力学 fluid mechanics
Lesson 1 Compression Members New Words 1. achieve achievement 2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的;ec centricity 偏心,偏心距 3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable 4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge 5. bracing brace 支柱,支撑;bracing, 支撑,撑杆 6. slender 细长,苗条;stout; slenderness 7. buckle 压曲,屈曲;buckling load 8. stocky stout 9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly 10. stub 树桩,短而粗的东西;stub column 短柱 11. curvature 曲率;curve, curvature 12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle,贬低,诽谤; 13. convince 14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据(理由) 15. crookedness crook 钩状物,v弯曲,crooked 弯曲的 16. provision 规定,条款 Phrases and Expressions 1. compression member 2. bending moment shear force, axial force 3. call upon (on) 要求,请求,需要 4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的,临界的 5. cross-sectional area 6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration 7. slenderness ratio 长细比 8. tangent modulus 切线模量 9. stub column 短柱 10. trial-and-error approach 试算法 11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的 12. residual stress 残余应力residual 13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar 14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限 16. effective length 计算长度
Part IV:CommonlyUsed ProfessionalTerms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 designorganization 设计单位 construction organization施工单位 reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土 pile桩 steel structure钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry砌体(工程)reinforced~ 配筋砌体 load-bearing~承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissiblestress(allowablestress) 容许应力 plywood 胶合板 retaining wall挡土墙 finish装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural~ 自然通风 mechanical~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall)地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress应力normal ~法向应力shear~ 剪应力 strain应变 agehardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air)void ration(土)空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architecturalappearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safetyglass安全玻璃 tempered glass(reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃 foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt(malthoid)油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接
Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17 木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢- 混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32 运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36 弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force
土木工程专业英语词汇集 1.建筑专业 1. ARCHITECTURE a.设计依据DESIGN BASIS b.设计阶段DESIGN STAGE c.气象条件CLIMATE CONDITION d. 常用房间名称 GENERAL ROOM NAME e. 屋面与天棚ROOFING & CEILING f. 墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING) g. 地面与地沟FLOOR & TRENCH h.门、玻璃、窗与五金件DOORS、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) I.楼梯、休息平台与电梯STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR) j.建筑材料词汇与短语 BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 砖和瓦【 Bricks and Tiles 】 灰、砂和石【Lime, Sand and Stone】 水泥、砂浆和混凝土【Cement, Mortar and Concrete】 饰面与粉刷材料【Facing And Plastering Materials】 沥青和石棉【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos】 木材【Timber】 金属材料【Metallic Materials 】 有色金属【Non-Ferrous Metal 】 防腐蚀材料【Anti-Corrosion Materials】 建筑五金【Building Hardware 】 油漆【Paint 】 k.其他建筑术语 OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 专业【Discipline 】 一般术语【Conventional Terms】 建筑物理【Architectural Physics】 职务名称【Name Of Professional role】 制图【Drafting】