下载文档原格式
走进这扇门作文提纲记叙文英文回答：As I entered the door, a rush of emotions washed over me. A sense of anticipation mingled with trepidation filled my heart. The threshold marked a point of no return, a gateway to a new chapter in my life. The air crackled with a palpable energy, as if the walls themselves whispered secrets and held promises.With each step I took across that threshold, I felt a weight lift from my shoulders. The past, with its burdens and uncertainties, seemed to fall behind me like aforgotten dream. Before me lay a myriad of possibilities, a vast expanse of potential that stretched out like an endless horizon.As I ventured deeper into the unknown, curiosity gnawed at my mind. I longed to explore every nook and cranny, to uncover the hidden treasures that awaited me. The wallsseemed to close in around me, creating an intimate and cozy space that invited me to linger and unravel its mysteries.The air grew heavy with the scent of possibility. I could smell the promise of new beginnings, the aroma of fresh paint and polished wood. It was a heady fragrancethat intoxicated my senses and fueled my imagination. I reached out and touched the walls, feeling their smooth surface beneath my fingertips.As I continued my journey through the labyrinthine corridors, I came to a door that seemed to radiate an otherworldly glow. It was a door that beckoned me to step through, to venture beyond the familiar and into the realm of the unknown. With a mixture of excitement and trepidation, I turned the handle and crossed the threshold.In that moment, time and space seemed to dissolve. The familiar world melted away, replaced by a dreamscape that defied all logic and reason. The colors danced before my eyes, and the sounds whispered secrets in my ears. I felt as if I had stumbled upon a hidden realm, a place whereanything was possible.As I explored this magical realm, I encountered beings that defied my understanding. They spoke to me in tongues I had never heard before, and their words carried a wisdom that astounded me. They guided me through the labyrinth, leading me to a place of enlightenment and profound understanding.In the end, as I emerged from the magical realm and returned to the familiar world, I felt a profound change within me. The weight of the past had been lifted, and a new sense of possibility filled my heart. I had crossed the threshold into a new chapter of my life, and I was ready to embrace the unknown with open arms.中文回答：迈进这扇门，一股情绪的洪流向我袭来。
2023高考英语新高考1卷B篇阅读理解全考点解析附译文[名校内部资料]BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed aseries of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John’s research plans.B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs.D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.27. What is the basis for John’s work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.参考答案：CDBA参考译文：当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。
CHAPTER XXIITHE LAST WORDS OF CAPTAIN NEMOThe panels had closed on this dreadful vision, but light had not returned to the saloon: all was silence and darkness within the Nautilus. At wonderful speed, a hundred feet beneath the water, it was leaving this desolate spot. Whither was it going? To the north or south? Where was the man flying to after such dreadful retaliation? I had returned to my room, where Ned and Conseil had remained silent enough. I felt an insurmountable horror for Captain Nemo. Whatever he had suffered at the hands of these men, he had no right to punish thus. He had made me, if not an accomplice, at least a witness of his vengeance. At eleven the electric light reappeared. I passed into the saloon. It was deserted. I consulted the different instruments. The Nautilus was flying northward at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour, now on the surface, and now thirty feet below it. On taking the bearings by the chart, I saw that we were passing the mouth of the Manche, and that our course was hurrying us towards the northern seas at a frightful speed. That night we had crossed two hundred leagues of the Atlantic. The shadows fell, and the sea was covered with darkness until the rising of the moon. I went to my room, but could not sleep. I was troubled with dreadful nightmare. The horrible scene of destruction was continually before my eyes. From that day, who could tell into what part of the North Atlantic basin the Nautilus would take us? Still with unaccountable speed. Still in the midst of these northern fogs. Would it touch at Spitzbergen, or on the shores of Nova Zembla? Should we explore those unknown seas, the White Sea, the Sea of Kara, the Gulf of Obi, the Archipelago of Liarrov, and the unknown coast of Asia? I could not say. I could no longer judge of the time that was passing. The clocks had been stopped on board. It seemed, as in polar countries, that night and day no longer followed their regular course. I felt myself being drawn into that strange region where the foundered imagination of Edgar Poe roamed at will. Like the fabulous Gordon Pym, at every moment I expected to see "that veiled human figure, of larger proportions than those of any inhabitant of the earth, thrown across the cataract which defends the approach to the pole." I estimated (though, perhaps, I may be mistaken)--I estimated this adventurous course of the Nautilus to have lasted fifteen or twenty days. And I know not how much longer it might have lasted, had it not been for the catastrophe which ended this voyage. Of Captain Nemo I saw nothing whatever now, nor of his second. Not a man of the crew was visible for an instant. The Nautilus was almost incessantly under water. When we came to the surface to renew the air, the panels opened and shut mechanically. There were no more marks on the planisphere. I knew not where we were. And the Canadian, too, his strength and patience at an end, appeared no more. Conseil could not draw a word from him; and, fearing that, in a dreadful fit of madness, he might kill himself, watched him with constant devotion. One morning (what date it was I could not say) I had fallen into a heavy sleep towards the early hours, a sleep both painful and unhealthy, when I suddenly awoke. Ned Land was leaning over me, saying, in a low voice, "We are going to fly." I sat up."When shall we go?" I asked."To-night. All inspection on board the Nautilus seems to have ceased. All appear to be stupefied. You will be ready, sir?""Yes; where are we?""In sight of land. I took the reckoning this morning in the fog-- twenty miles to the east.""What country is it?""I do not know; but, whatever it is, we will take refuge there.""Yes, Ned, yes. We will fly to-night, even if the sea should swallow us up.""The sea is bad, the wind violent, but twenty miles in that light boat of the Nautilus does not frighten me. Unknown to the crew, I have been able to procure food and some bottles of water.""I will follow you.""But," continued the Canadian, "if I am surprised, I will defend myself; I will force them to kill me." "We will die together, friend Ned."I had made up my mind to all. The Canadian left me. I reached the platform, on which I could with difficulty support myself against the shock of the waves. The sky was threatening; but, as land was in those thick brown shadows, we must fly. I returned to the saloon, fearing and yet hoping to see Captain Nemo, wishing and yet not wishing to see him. What could I have said to him? Could I hide the involuntary horror with which he inspired me? No. It was better that I should not meet him face to face; better to forget him. And yet---- How long seemed that day, the last that I should pass in the Nautilus. I remained alone. Ned Land and Conseil avoided speaking, for fear of betraying themselves. At six I dined, but I was not hungry; I forced myself to eat in spite of my disgust, that I might not weaken myself. At half-past six Ned Land came to my room, saying, "We shall not see each other again before our departure. At ten the moon will not be risen. We will profit by the darkness. Come to the boat; Conseil and I will wait for you."The Canadian went out without giving me time to answer. Wishing to verify the course of the Nautilus, I went to the saloon. We were running N.N.E. at frightful speed, and more than fifty yards deep. I cast a last look on these wonders of nature, on the riches of art heaped up in this museum, upon the unrivalled collection destined to perish at the bottom of the sea, with him who had formed it. I wished to fix an indelible impression of it in my mind. I remained an hour thus, bathed in the light of that luminous ceiling, and passing in review those treasures shining under their glasses. Then I returned to my room.I dressed myself in strong sea clothing. I collected my notes, placing them carefully about me. My heart beat loudly. I could not check its pulsations. Certainly my trouble and agitation would have betrayed me to Captain Nemo's eyes. What was he doing at this moment? I listened at the door of his room. I heard steps. Captain Nemo was there. He had not gone to rest. At every moment I expected to see him appear, and ask me why I wished to fly. I was constantly on the alert. My imagination magnified everything. The impression became at last so poignant that I asked myself if it would not be better to go to theCaptain's room, see him face to face, and brave him with look and gesture.It was the inspiration of a madman; fortunately I resisted the desire, and stretched myself on my bed to quiet my bodily agitation. My nerves were somewhat calmer, but in my excited brain I saw over again allmy existence on board the Nautilus; every incident, either happy or unfortunate, which had happened since my disappearance from the Abraham Lincoln--the submarine hunt, the Torres Straits, the savages of Papua, the running ashore, the coral cemetery, the passage of Suez, the Island of Santorin, the Cretan diver, Vigo Bay, Atlantis, the iceberg, the South Pole, the imprisonment in the ice, the fight among the poulps, the storm in the Gulf Stream, the Avenger, and the horrible scene of the vessel sunk with all her crew. All these events passed before my eyes like scenes in a drama. Then Captain Nemo seemed to grow enormously, his features to assume superhuman proportions. He was no longer my equal, but a man of the waters, the genie of the sea.It was then half-past nine. I held my head between my hands to keep it from bursting. I closed my eyes; I would not think any longer. There was another half-hour to wait, another half-hour of a nightmare, which might drive me mad.At that moment I heard the distant strains of the organ, a sad harmony to an undefinable chant, the wail of a soul longing to break these earthly bonds. I listened with every sense, scarcely breathing; plunged, like Captain Nemo, in that musical ecstasy, which was drawing him in spirit to the end of life.Then a sudden thought terrified me. Captain Nemo had left his room. He was in the saloon, which I must cross to fly. There I should meet him for the last time. He would see me, perhaps speak to me. A gesture of his might destroy me, a single word chain me on board.But ten was about to strike. The moment had come for me to leave my room, and join my companions.I must not hesitate, even if Captain Nemo himself should rise before me. I opened my door carefully; and even then, as it turned on its hinges, it seemed to me to make a dreadful noise. Perhaps it only existed in my own imagination.I crept along the dark stairs of the Nautilus, stopping at each step to check the beating of my heart. I reached the door of the saloon, and opened it gently. It was plunged in profound darkness. The strains of the organ sounded faintly. Captain Nemo was there. He did not see me. In the full light I do not think he would have noticed me, so entirely was he absorbed in the ecstasy.I crept along the carpet, avoiding the slightest sound which might betray my presence. I was at least five minutes reaching the door, at the opposite side, opening into the library.I was going to open it, when a sigh from Captain Nemo nailed me to the spot. I knew that he was rising. I could even see him, for the light from the library came through to the saloon. He came towards me silently, with his arms crossed, gliding like a spectre rather than walking. His breast was swelling with sobs; and I heard him murmur these words (the last which ever struck my ear):"Almighty God! enough! enough!"Was it a confession of remorse which thus escaped from this man's conscience?In desperation, I rushed through the library, mounted the central staircase, and, following the upper flight, reached the boat. I crept through the opening, which had already admitted my two companions. "Let us go! let us go!" I exclaimed."Directly!" replied the Canadian.The orifice in the plates of the Nautilus was first closed, and fastened down by means of a false key, with which Ned Land had provided himself; the opening in the boat was also closed. The Canadian began to loosen the bolts which still held us to the submarine boat.Suddenly a noise was heard. Voices were answering each other loudly. What was the matter? Had they discovered our flight? I felt Ned Land slipping a dagger into my hand."Yes," I murmured, "we know how to die!"The Canadian had stopped in his work. But one word many times repeated, a dreadful word, revealed the cause of the agitation spreading on board the Nautilus. It was not we the crew were looking after!"The maelstrom! the maelstrom!" Could a more dreadful word in a more dreadful situation have sounded in our ears! We were then upon the dangerous coast of Norway. Was the Nautilus being drawn into this gulf at the moment our boat was going to leave its sides? We knew that at the tide the pent-up waters between the islands of Ferroe and Loffoden rush with irresistible violence, forming a whirlpool from which no vessel ever escapes. From every point of the horizon enormous waves were meeting, forming a gulf justly called the "Navel of the Ocean," whose power of attraction extends to a distance of twelve miles. There, not only vessels, but whales are sacrificed, as well as white bears from the northern regions.It is thither that the Nautilus, voluntarily or involuntarily, had been run by the Captain.It was describing a spiral, the circumference of which was lessening by degrees, and the boat, which was still fastened to its side, was carried along with giddy speed. I felt that sickly giddiness which arises from long-continued whirling round.We were in dread. Our horror was at its height, circulation had stopped, all nervous influence was annihilated, and we were covered with cold sweat, like a sweat of agony! And what noise around our frail bark! What roarings repeated by the echo miles away! What an uproar was that of the waters broken on the sharp rocks at the bottom, where the hardest bodies are crushed, and trees worn away, "with all the fur rubbed off," according to the Norwegian phrase!What a situation to be in! We rocked frightfully. The Nautilus defended itself like a human being. Its steel muscles cracked. Sometimes it seemed to stand upright, and we with it!"We must hold on," said Ned, "and look after the bolts. We may still be saved if we stick to the Nautilus."He had not finished the words, when we heard a crashing noise, the bolts gave way, and the boat, torn from its groove, was hurled like a stone from a sling into the midst of the whirlpool.My head struck on a piece of iron, and with the violent shock I lost all consciousness.。
云南省云南师范高校附属中学2025届高三英语适应性月考卷（六）留意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清晰。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
在试题卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）留意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Conductor and passenger.B. Ticket seller and customer.C. Husband and wife.2. What will the man do this weekend?A. Perform a dance in the street.B. Take a dance class of popping.C. Give a locking dance lesson.3. What do we know about Tesla’s new car?A. Its body is made of glass.B. Its top speed is 248 miles per hour.C. It is a kind of electric car.4. Why does Hong Ying live along life?A. She enjoys healthy local food.B. She is well attended by her family.C. She has a. good personality.5. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Trusting food producers.B. Paying attention to food labels.C. Shopping with parents.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
Unit 11 Open the Door to ForgivenessLewis B. SmedesIt’s surgery of the soul, the loving， healing way to create new beginnings out of past pain.1.Someone hurt you, maybe yesterday， maybe long ago， and you cannot forget it. You did not deservethe hurt and it has lodged itself in your memory, where it keeps on hurting.2.You are not alone。
We all muddle our way through a world where even well-meaning people hurtone another。
A friend betrays us； a parent abuses us; a spouse leaves us。
3.Philosopher Hannah Arendt believes that the only power that can stop the stream of painfulmemories is the “faculty of forgiving”。
In that spirit， one December day in 1983， Pope John Paul II walked into a cell of Rebibbia prison outside Rome to meet Mehmet Ali Agca。
The Pope took the hand of the man who had tried to kill him, and forgave him。
星期3 WednesdayBetter to light one candle than to curse the darkness.与其诅咒黑暗, 不如燃起蜡烛。
Text AHalf a dozen radio stations about the face of the globe crackled sparks of electricity from capital and into millions of humble homes; peace came through the air and was simultaneous over all the face of the earth.The great ceremony on the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay was anticlimax.The greatest fleet in the world lay amidst the greatest ruins in the world under a dark and cheerless covering of clouds.The USS Iowa was on one side of the Missouri, the USS South Dakota on the other.A tattered flag with thirty-one stars was hung on one of the turrets of the battleship —the flag of the infant republic, which Commodore Perry brought with him to the same bay almost a hundred years before.Above the mainmast fluttered the battle flag of the Union of today.The deck was crowded with the American technicians.There were a Russian with a red band about his cap and a Tass newsreel man who insisted on crawling in among the main actors to get his shots; there was a Canadian general who spoiled his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking.Half a dozen Japanese were piped over the side of the Missouri, but for the purpose of history and in every man’s memory there were only two —the general, Umezu, and the statesman,Shingemitsu.Umezu was dressed in parade uniform, all his ribbons glistening, and his eyes blank, but you could see the brown pockmarks on his cheeks swelling and falling in emotion.Shingemitsu was dressed in a tall silk hat and a formal morning coat as if he were attending a wedding or a funeral.He had a wooden leg, and he limped along the deck; when he began to climb to the veranda deck where the peace was to be signed, he clutched the ropes and struggled up with infinite pain and discomfort.Shingemitsu and Umezu were brought forward, and, after a few carefully chosen words beautifully spoken by General MacArthur, they signed their names to a document marking an end to the Japanese Empire.When they had signed, the generals and admirals of all the other nations put their signatures to the document, and peace, if peace it was, had come.1.The document was signed on[A] the USS Iowa. [B] the USS South Dakota.[C] the battleship Missouri. [D] didn’t mention.2.In the second paragraph, “A tattered flag with thirty-one stars”is of[A] USS. [B] the infant USA.[C] today’s USA. [D] the greatest fleet.3.When portraying Umezu and Shingemitsu, the author focused on all the following EXCEPT[A] facial expression. [B] appearance.[C] motions. [D] inner activity.4.By saying “and peace, if peace it was, had come”, the author implied that[A] he valued the signature ceremony.[B] he was sure of the peace coming.[C] he suspected that the signature meant the real end of war.[D] he believed the signature ceremony would bring peace.Text BLeft unfettered(无拘无束的), Anthony Konieczka, 9 years old, would happily thumb away at his Game Boy Advance or PlayStation 2 from the minute he gets up to the moment he crawls into bed, 14 bleary-eyed(睡眼惺忪的)hours later.Anthony’s basement is stocked with traditional toys —board games, puzzles, art supplies —and as far as he is concerned, they are relics of Christmases past.His sister Michaely, 6 years old, still likes dressing her Barbies.But once she starts playing Game Boy it’s hard to get her away.Play patterns like this could grab another Christmas for the toy department.Through September, toy sales were down 5% compared with the first nine months of last year, according to the NDP Group.Meanwhile, the video-game industry is heading for another record year.Thanks to hot new games like Halo 2 for the Xbox, the industry is light-years ahead of the toy business when it comes to buzz.With distractions such as instant messaging, cell phone games and iPods angling for kids’minds and allowances, the digital revolution is making life miserable for the toy industry.While some hard-to-find toys emerge every holiday season, toymakers are heading into this one without a monster hit.Indeed, there has not been a Furby-style frenzy in years.Of 10 toy segments only two, arts and crafts and dolls, have generated sales growth over a recent 12 month period.Some of the weakest categories like construction sets and action figures are the ones aimed at boys, who suffer the most blisters from the video games.Analysts expect one of the top stocking stuffers this season to be not a traditional toy but the new generation of Nintendo’s Game Boy, the DS, which hit stores last week.The deeper issue is that shifts in play patterns are forcing toymakers to fight for shelf space in a tightening market.Boys in particular seem to be abandoning traditional toys at earlier ages in favor of consumer electronics, trendy video games, PC software and the Internet.The notion that kids are growing more sophisticated and tech-savvy (懂技术的), a trend called “age compression”, has bedeviled toy companies for at least a decade.Action figures, for instance, usedto be considered healthy for boys up to age 12.Now the items are mainly marketed to boys 4 to 6.A recent study found that nearly half of the U.S children start on video games at 4 to 5 years old —and 20% at age 3 or younger.Toy companies, of course, have long seen this coming.Mattel attempted to get into educational software in the late 1990s, spending $3.6 million to buy the Learning Company.But it turned out to be a blunder and led to more than $400 million in ter on Mattel got back to building basic brands like Barbie and Hot Wheels.But Barbie’s sales slump may also be a victim of kids growing older at younger ages.Several of the toys expected to sell well this season are, in fact, those that incorporate video gaming and DVD technologies.Mattel’s Fisher-Price introduced a game system called InteracTV this year, featuring DVDs with characters like Dora the explorer.Hasbro came out with a portable color video player called VideoNow and has been putting classic games like Battleship and Yahtzee into hand-held electronic format.5.At the beginning of the passage, the author implies that[A] video games are designed only for boys.[B] girls are usually not interested in video games.[C] both Anthony and Michaely are good at playing PlayStation 2.[D] children would not like to stop playing Game Boy once they start.6.We learn from the passage that in this holiday season[A] it is hard to find traditional toys in the market.[B] toymakers are planning to design monster toys.[C] no hit toys will come onto the market.[D] Furby will become popular among children.7.The sales of construction sets are decreasing because[A] they are not healthy toys for children.[B] they are very weak and easily broken.[C] they are hard to find on shelves of toy stores.[D] they are aimed at boys who are easily attracted by the video games.8.What has been bothering toymakers for almost ten years?[A] The Internet addiction.[B] The trend of age compression.[C] The sales of action figures.[D] The new generation of Game Boy.9.It is predicted that in this season the popular toys would be[A] hot new game Halo 2 for the Xbox.[B] arts and crafts and dolls.[C] action figures designed for boys aged from 4 to 6.[D] toys that integrate video gaming with DVD technologies.Text CSpace is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the Sun and other stars.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space.Doses of radiation are measured in units called “rem”.We all receive radiation here on the Earth from the Sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals.The “normal”dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirem; it varies according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate.Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rem has been agreed on.The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage —a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of children or even grandchildren.Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth.It alsovaries in time because, when great spurts of gas shoot out of the Sun, they are accompanied by a lot of extra radiation.Some estimates of the amount of radiation in space, based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rem per year, while others are as high as 5 rem per hour! Mission to the Moon have had to cross the Van Allen belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirem per man.It was hoped that there would not be any large solar flares during the times of Apollo moon walks because the walls of the lunar excursion modules (LEMs) were not thick enough to protect the men inside, though the command modules did give reasonable protection.So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the Gemini(双子座)orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory or in a base on the Moon.Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers, but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future.10.What make space a dangerous place?[A] The radioactive meteors.[B] The Sun and other stars.[C] Rays from the earth.[D] Rem.11.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?[A] The “normal” dose of radiation we receive is generally accepted as safe.[B] Scientists are certain that 60 rem of radiation won’t damage man.[C] Harm of radiation is not likely to be seen immediately.[D] We don’t know exactly the seriousness of radiation damage.12.Missions to the moon are dangerous to the explorers because[A] they have to cross the high radioactive area.[B] solar flares may damage the LEMs.[C] they have to stay in space for a long time.[D] they will probably run into meteors.13.How will men effectively protect themselves when they spend long periods in space?[A] By taking special drugs.[B] By wearing special suits.[C] By using a protective blanket.[D] No effective solution has been found yet.14.The example of Apollo is to show[A] the Apollo mission was very successful.[B] protection from space radiation is no easy job.[C] astronauts don’t care about radiation damage.[D] radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers.15.The best title for this passage would be[A] The Atmosphere and Our Environment[B] Research on Radiation[C] Effects of Space Radiation[D] Important Protection against RadiationText DA simple computer program that teaches children to distinguish between sounds can dramatically boost their listening skills.It can allow them to progress by the equivalent of two years in just a few weeks, the game’s creator claims.The game, called Phonomena, was devised by David Moore of the University of Oxford, U.K., as an aid for children with language problems, but he says his latest trials also show that itcan help any child.Other experts, however, are reserving judgment until independent tests are carried out.Phonomena is designed to improve children’s ability to distinguish between different phonemes(音素), the basic sounds that form the building blocks of language.Up to a fifth of all children are thought to have problems hearing the differences between some sounds, says Moore, who heads the U.K.Medical Research Council’s Institute of Hearing Research.In the game, children have to distinguish between pairs of phonemes such as the “i”sound from the word “bit”and the “e”from “bet”.They are played one phoneme followed by two more examples, and asked which one matches the first sound.As the game progresses, the phonemes are gradually “morphed”(改变) to make them more and more similar, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between them.With 44 phonemes in English, there are potentially more than 1,000 different pairs, but the game concentrates on just 22 pairs of the commonest and most similar-sounding phonemes.In the latest trials, 18 children aged between eight and ten played the game three times a week for four weeks.Their language abilities were compared before and after exposure to the game using a standard listening test.The team found a dramatic improvement in their language abilities, with listening ages up by an average 2.4 years compared with 12 children who did not play the game.In earlier trials on children with learning difficulties, the speech and language therapists who tested the game reported similar improvements.But Ted Wragg, an expert in education at the U.K’s University of Exeter, warns that such trials can produce misleading results.The improvements could be due to the efforts and attention of teachers and therapists, rather than the game itself.There is a history in education of people and companies making claims about learning products that do not stand up to scrutiny, he says.It is a bit like teaching someone to catch a ball, Moore adds.“Sensory performance is no different from motor performance.As far as we know, the neural processes driving them both arethe same.”And just as playing catch improves hand-eye coordination in other tasks, Moore thinks the phoneme training boosts children’s general language skills.The advantage of using computers, he says, is each game can be tailored to a child’s abilities.An oxford-based company called MindWeavers has been set up to commercialize the game.Similar computer0based language tools already exist, such as those developed by Scientific Learning of Oakland, California.But these are geared exclusively towards children with speech and language problems and involve intensive training.“We don’t believe you need to do this Draconian(严酷的) amount of training for it to do good,”says Moore.He is also exploring the use of phoneme training as an aid to adults learning a foreign language.16.At first, the Phonomena game is designed for[A] adults.[B] disabled children.[C] children with language problems.[D] all children.17.We can infer from the passage that in the game[A] one fifth of the children have difficult distinguishing between sounds.[B] children are asked to tell the differences between similar sounds.[C] the phonemes are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish.[D] 44 phonemes in English are involved.18.In Ted Wragg’s opinion,[A] the trial results are not reliable and reasonable.[B] the game is helpful to children with language problems.[C] the trial results are accurate.[D] the trial results show that the game is useless.19.What is the advantage of using computers in Phonomena game?[A] It can provide customized service.[B] It can provide multimedia service.[C] Children can play the game at home.[D] It can improve child’s ability.20.What’s the limitation of the existing computer-based language tools?[A] They are designed exclusively for children.[B] They require too much training.[C] They are too harsh.[D] They do nothing good to language skills.语境词汇Text A1.crackle sparks of electricity <喻>通过电波传递2.anticlimax n.令人扫兴的结尾3.tatter v.扯碎，使变破烂：a tattered flag 一面破旧的国旗4.mainmast n.主桅5.pipe v.召集, 召唤6.the veranda deck 舰艇上的游廊7.clutch v.抓住，抓紧Text B1.thumb v.以拇指摆弄n.大拇指2.blister n.水泡, 气泡v.使起水泡3.angle v.谋取；垂钓n.角；角度, 观点4.hit n.成功的尝试；击中v.打（击）5.frenzy n.狂乱；极度的激动6.trendy a.时髦的, 流行的n.新潮人物,穿着时髦的人7.bedevil vt.使苦恼；折磨8.slump n.经济衰退；消沉v.倒下，陷落；下跌Text C1.radiation n.放射, 辐射；放射物, 放射线2.cosmic n.宇宙的；广大的, 无限的3.probe n.太空探测器；探查v.查究, 调查4.spurt n.喷射；忽然的加速、增强vi.喷出, 涌出5.accumulate v.积累, 聚集；增长6.excursion n.郊游，远足，游览Text D1.distinguish vt.＆vi.区分, 辨别2.phoneme n.音素, 音位2.exposure n.暴露, 揭露；曝光, 曝光时间3.scrutiny n.细察, 详审4.sensory a.知觉的, 感觉的, 感觉器官的5.tailor vt.使合适, 修改n.裁缝6.exclusively ad.仅仅，专门地；排他地，独占地难句突破Text A1.There were a Russian with a red band about his cap and a Tass newsreel man who insisted on crawling in among the main actors to get his shots; there was a Canadian general who flubbed his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking. 【分析】并列复合句。
英汉双语版《傲慢与偏见》第十一章节选Mrs Bennet was quite depressed when Lydia and Wickham left Longbourn to travel north to Newcastle. But soon Mrs Philips brought the happy news that Mr Bingley was expected to return to Netherfield in a day or two, and Mrs Bennet became very excited. She made preparations to invite him to dinner, and counted the days that must pass before she could send the invitation.丽迪亚和韦翰离开浪搏恩北上纽卡斯尔，这使班纳特太太相当丧气。
但不久菲力普斯太太带来了好消息，说彬格莱先生可望于一两天内返回尼日斐，班纳特太太激动万分。
她开始为邀请他吃饭作准备，并且盘算着再过几天就可以发送请帖了。
解析：depressed 沮丧的、萧条的eg: What do you do when you feel really low and depressed?当你觉得十分低沉和沮丧的时候会做什么？However, on only the third morning after his arrival, she caught sight of him from her bedroom window, riding towards Longbourn House, with another gentleman, also on horseback.但是，就在彬格莱到达后的第三天上午，她就从卧室的窗户中看到了他骑着马向浪搏恩府走来，同行的还有一位先生，也骑着马。
a r X i v :n u c l -t h /0501052v 3 17 F eb 2006A doorway to Borromean halo nuclei:the Samba configurationM.T.YamashitaUniversidade Estadual Paulista,CEP 18409-010Itapeva,SP,BrasilT.FredericoDepartamento de F´ısica,Instituto Tecnol´o gico de Aeron´a utica,Centro T´e cnico Aeroespacial,12228-900S˜a o Jos´e dos Campos,BrasilM.S.HusseinInstituto de F´ısica,Universidade de S˜a o Paulo,C.P.66318,CEP 05315-970S˜a o Paulo,Brasil(Dated:February 9,2008)We exploit the possibility of new configurations in three-body halo nuclei -Samba type -(the neutron-core form a bound system)as a doorway to Borromean systems.The nuclei 12Be,15B,23N and 27F are of such nature,in particular 23N with a half-life of 37.7s and a halo radius of 6.07fm is an excellent example of Samba-halo configuration.The fusion below the barrier of the Samba halo nuclei with heavy targets could reveal the so far elusive enhancement and a dominance of one-neutron over two-neutron transfers,in contrast to what was found recently for the Borromean halo nucleus 6He +238U.PACS numbers:25.70.Jj,25.70.Mn,24.10.Eq,21.60.-nBorromean nuclei,be them halo or not,are quite com-mon and their study has been intensive [1,2,3,4].These three-body systems have the property that any one of their two-body subsystems is unbound.The halo-type Borromean nuclei are of special interest as they are unsta-ble and their radii are quite large compared to neighbor-ing stable nuclei.Typical cases are 11Li [5]and 6He [6].The cores,c ,4He and 9Li are bound but the three two-body subsystems are not;5He and 10Li and the nn sys-tem (n represents a neutron).Borromean excited states of stable nuclei also exist.A well known example is the Hoyle resonance in 12C at an excitation energy of about 6.8MeV.This resonance,of paramount importance in stellar nucleo-synthesis,is a cluster of three 4He nuclei,with the unbound 8Be as two-body subsystems.An important issue that has to be addressed is how the halo Borromean nuclei are formed as more neutrons are added to a given stable nucleus.In order to answer this question we have made a survey of the isotopes of several nuclei in the proton p -shell region as well as the fluorine isotopes.We have discovered that the halo develops in the Borromean nuclei in a gradual fashion.Further,to reach the halo Borromean nucleus the system,two neu-trons down,acquires a new configuration which in several cases is a halo-type as well.This new type of halo nuclei has the feature that only one of its two-body subsystems,the di-neutron,is unbound.The other two subsystems are weakly bound.Another feature of this configuration is that the one neutron separation energy,E n ,is smaller than that of the two-neutron,E 2n ,in contrast to the Borromean halo nuclei where E n >E 2n .Of course the situation E n <E 2n that prevails in the new “doorway”configuration is shared by the other normal isotopes.In what follows we shall use the available information about the isotopes studied here contained in the Nuclear Wal-let Cards (Sixth edition,2000).Note that no Borromean isotope exists in oxygen (see,however,Ref.[1]).As an example we consider the boron isotopes:A =8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,19.Both 17B and 19B would be Borromean halo nuclei (19B more so).The isotope 15B is the doorway configuration.The halo ra-dius is 5.15fm while nuclear radius is 2.91fm,to be compared to 2.50fm of normal A =15nucleus.The de-tails of our radius calculation are given below.We have identified five candidates for Samba halo nuclei [7,8]of the doorway type.They are 12Be,15B,20C,23N and 27F.The name Samba partly is inspired by the work of Robicheaux [9]who exploited yet another type of halo three-body systems,such as the hypertriton 3ΛH 1,where only one of the two-body subsystems is tightly bound,and called such systems Tango halo systems.Whereas,the Tango halo nucleus has a bound two-body subsys-tem that has to move in a rather “harmonic”fashion in the presence of the core,the Samba nucleus (two of the two-body subsystems are tightly bound)is distinguished by the fact that the motion of the two-neutron subsys-tem can be a rather more “agitated”and the three-body system remains bound.We have calculated the reduced dipole transition strengths B (E 1)and the radii of these five candidates for Samba halo nuclei.The B (E 1)’s were calculated using a simple cluster model usually employed to get a rough estimate [10].This model treats the two neutrons as a cluster that vibrates against the core.A Yukawa type wave function is used to describe the ground state and a plane wave is employed for the final continuum state in the calculation of the dipole matrix element.The model allows for the derivation of a simple analytical for-mula for the dipole strength distribution,dB (E 1)/dE ∗.The dipole distribution is an important quantity in the study of exotic nuclei that is usually measured through the electromagnetic dissociation of these fragile systems2in the field of a heavy target such as 208Pb.Integrating dB (E 1)/dE ∗over E ∗gives the B (E 1)value.The cluster model gives a simple formula for thisB (E 1)=3e 2A21 r 2c −CM ,which is used as the healing distance of the cluster model wave function.For,e.g.,12Be we find for B (E 1)the value0.043e 2fm2(anothercalculation gives 0.05-0.06e 2fm 2[11])to be compared with 0.051(13)e 2fm 2for the experimental value [12]and to 0.61e 2fm 2for the well developed halo in the Borromean nucleus 6He.Thus one should be able to get reasonably reliable and apprecia-ble dissociation cross section for this Samba nucleus (the yield or production cross section of these nuclei should be larger than those of the Borromean halo nuclei [14],rendering the experiment quite feasible).It is worth men-tioning here that for Tango halo nuclei,where the halo is a pair of proton-neutron,the B(E1)is similar to Eq.(1)except for the energy E 2n ,which is replaced by E pn and the factor (2Z/A )2which is replaced by [(A −2Z )/A ]2.This will render the B (E 1)for Tango halo nuclei a fac-tor [(A −2Z )/2Z ]2smaller than that of a corresponding Samba or Borromean nucleus if E 2n is maintained equal to E pn .In figure (1)we show the halo radii of our candidates for two-neutron halo nuclei as a function of the isospin projection T z =(N −Z )/2.These radii can be esti-mated from the neutron-CM root mean square radius¯h 2r 2n −CM above.Here R (14Be )=3.74fm and R (17B )=3.8fm,from Ref.[2],S 3is the three-body energy with respect to the binding energy of the neutron in the two-body subsys-tem,S 3=E 2n (A )−E n (A −1)for Samba nuclei,where E n (A −1)is the neutron separation energy in the bound A −1system,and S 3=E 2n for Borromean nuclei.With this value of ρwe calculate all the radii shown in the table and figure.The full symbols (see Table I)are the radii of Samba type halo nuclei calculated exactly within the three-body model described below and the open symbols are the radii of the Borromean halo nuclei calculated as above with ρset equal 1.35.Both radii appear divided by the radii calculated assuming a normal nature of the isotopes,namely,R 0=1.013A 1/3fm (the factor 1.013fm was taken to reproduce the experimental radius of 12C of R=2.32fm [13]).R /R 0T ZFIG.1:Halo radii of our candidates for two-neutron halonuclei in isotopes indicated in the legend.The full symbols are the Samba type nuclei (results from Table I)and the open symbols are the Borromean nuclei.All the points are divided by the the isotope radii,R 0,calculated assuming a normal nature of the isotope.T z is the isospin projection.Conspicuous in the figure is lack of indication of one-neutron halo nuclei whose radii are quite large and de-viant from R 0.These nuclei,such as 11Be,19C and othershave been shown to have a well developed one-neutron halo.We did not show these halo nuclei as the thrust of our work here is on three-body,two-neutron halo nu-clei.Also absent in the figure is the,what would be,Borromean halo nucleus following the Samba one,23N.We are tempted to predict that such a nucleus,25N,may exist,though we have no information about E n ,E 2n and its life time.From the above considerations and we can clearly rule out 20C as a Samba halo nucleus and accord-ingly 22C as a Borromean halo nucleus.The “doorway”aspect of the Samba halo nuclei is quite evident especially in the circles,squares and stars.They always precedes the final Borromean halo nucleus in the chain of isotopes.It would be indeed very interesting to perform Coulomb dissociation experiment on,e.g.23N,and 27F to investigate the dipole strength distribution and also the longitudinal momentum distribution to as-sess the halo nature of these Samba systems.The nucleus 12Be has a rather subtle shell model structure with the ground state containing (1s 1/2)2,(1p 1/2)2and possibly (1d 5/2)2configurations,making it less likely to be a clear cut Samba type halo nucleus.In Table I we have collected several physical quantities of the following Samba type nuclei (treated as a n −n −c three-body system):12Be,15B,20C,23N and 27F.The lower frame shows the results for the core radius R core =31.013(A −2)1/3,the total radiusR ∼Ar 2n −CM +A −2E nR 0(MeV)(fm)12Be 3.669 2.7515B 3.734 2.9620C 3.462 3.2623N 3.672 3.4127F2.4123.60nucleusR T 1/2(fm)12Be2.8021.3ms 15B 2.919.87ms 20C 2.8214ms 23N 3.2237.7s 27F3.75>200nsTABLE I:Physical quantities of the Samba halo nuclei given in the first column.The second and third columns are,re-spectively,the n −c and the n −n −c energies used to calculate the n −CM root mean-square radii, r 2n −CM .B(E1,0→1)is givenby eq.(1).T 1/2is the nucleus half-life.The calculated radii of the Samba nuclei in the three-body model are a bit larger than the measured one (e.g.for 12Be,R exp =2.59±0.06fm see Ref.[15]).We trace this small discrepancy to the neglect of Pauli blocking effect which tends to make the nuclear potential between the core and the neutrons less attractive at short dis-tances.In order to not change the three-body binding energy the system needs to shrink a little to better feel the nuclear attraction.The radii in Table I were calculated using the three-body formalism of Refs.[7,16].In these references,subtracted Faddeev equations for the three-body system n −n −c are used.The subtraction energy which is re-quired in the model is taken to be µ2(3)(E =−µ2(3)is an arbitrary subtraction point where the T -matrix (from this point a small t will be used when we refer to the two-body t -matrix and a capital one when we refer to the three-body T -matrix),T (−µ2(3)),should be known.A more detailed description about our subtraction method can be found in Refs.[17]).The motivation behind the subtraction is the use in the model of a delta function po-tential for the nn interaction which yields divergent two-body t -matrix at large momenta (short distances).Thus the Faddeev equations for the three-body system must be appropriately subtracted.The n −c interaction is alsotaken to be of a zero range.Therefore,in this model the only physical scales used as input are directly related to observables:the nn scattering length,the energies E n and E 2n .It is worth mentioning that the subtracted three-body equations are obtained through an elimina-tion procedure that involves the renormalization of the delta function interaction strength so that the large mo-mentum divergence alluded to above is removed.In a nut shell,one takes the two-body matrix t (E )for the delta interaction,λδ( r − r ′),at an energy,−µ2(2),and identify it with the renormalized coupling strength λR (−µ2(2)).The delta potential t -matrix at any energy can be obtained through usual Lippmann-Schwinger manipulations ast R (E )−1=λR (−µ2(2))−1+2π2(µ(2)+ik ).(3)where the index R will refer to a renormalized t -or T -matrix.The three-body T -matrix can be handled in a similar fashion with the above subtracted two-body matrix.The subtracted three-body T -matrix can be written asT R (E )=T R (−µ2(3))+T R (−µ2(3))[G 0(E )−G 0(−µ2(3)) T R (E ).(4)It is a simple matter to show that T R above is independent on the value of the subtraction energy−µ2(3),namely dT (E )/dµ2(3)=0.This is clear by construction.Formally,this independence of T (E )on µ(3)can be shown by resorting to the identity,dT (E )/d (E )=−T (E )G 20(E )T (E ),which is clearly alsovalid for dT (−µ2(3))/dµ2(3).Thus we have,using Eq.(4),dT R (E )dµ(3)=0.(5)The second relation in the above formula is a Callan-Symanzik type,commonly used in renormalization pro-cedure of field theories.Armed with the above invariance of T R (E )with re-gards to the subtraction energy and the removal of the ultraviolet divergence of the delta potential two-body t -matrix,the three-body T -matrix can be used to construct the corresponding wave function needed to calculate ma-trix elements among which is the root mean-square ra-dius of a given nucleus [7].The mean-square distances ( r 2n −CM and r 2c −CM )and the coupled subtracted in-tegral equations for the Faddeev spectator components are obtained from expressions given in Refs.[7,8].Before ending,we should mention what is expected of the Samba halo nuclei when they are used to induce reac-tions on heavy targets.In particular,at very low energies (in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier)we expect that the Samba halo nucleus to fuse with,say,208Pb,with a probability which is not so much affected by the breakup coupling,and may exhibit a halo enhancement,contrary to what was found in the 6He+238U studied in Ref.[18].4In further contrast to6He,the Samba nucleus would ex-hibit a one-neutron transfer process competing with the two-neutron one.The one-neutron transfer cross section could be larger than the two-neutron one,depending on the extension of the corresponding configuration in the Samba halo nuclei.A specific Samba nucleus that we suggest to investigate experimentally is23N which has a life time of37.7s and a halo radius of6.07fm.The en-hancement of the fusion,sought for in vain in Borromean nuclei[18,19],may come into light with the Samba nu-clei.Acknowledgements:We thank Professor P.G.Hansen for comments and suggestions.The work of MTY is suppported by FAPESP,that of TF partly by FAPESP and the CNPq and that of MSH partly by FAPESP, the CNPq and the Instituto do Milˆe nio de Informa¸c˜a o Quˆa ntica-MCT,all Brazilian agencies.[1]A.S.Jensen,K.Riisager,D.V.Fedorov and E.Garrido,Rev.Mod.Phys.76,215(2004).[2]C.A.Bertulani,M.S.Hussein and G.M¨u nzenberg,Physics of Radioactive Beams(Nova Science,New York 2001).[3]J.S.Vaagen,D.K.Gridnev,H.Heiberg-Andersen,B.V.Danilin,S.N.Zagrebaev,I.J.Thompson and J.M.Bang, Physica Scripta T88,209(2000).[4]P.G.Hansen,A.S.Jensen and B.Jonson,Annu.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.45,591(1995).[5]I.Tanihata et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.55,2676(1985);I.Tanihata et al.Phys.Lett.B206,592(1988).[6]S.Nakayama et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.85,262(2002).[7]M.T.Yamashita,L.Tomio and T.Frederico,Nucl.Phys.A735,40(2004).[8]M.T.Yamashita,PhD thesis(2004)(in Portuguese).[9]F.Robicheaux,Phys.Rev.A60,1706(1999).[10]C.A.Bertulani,G.Baur and M.S.Hussein,Nucl.Phys.A526,751(1991).[11]F.M.Nunes,I.J.Thompson,J.A.Tostevin,Nucl.Phys.A703,593(2002).[12]H.Iwasaki at al.,Physics Letters B491,9(2000).[13]J.S.Al-Khalili and J.A.Tostevin,Phys.Rev.Lett.76,3903(1996).[14]B.V.Carlson,R.C.Mastroleo and M.S.Hussein,Phys.Rev.C46,R30(1992);B.V.Carlson,Phys.Rev.C51, 252(1995).[15]A.Ozawa et al.,Nucl.Phys.A693,32(2001).[16]M.T.Yamashita,T.Frederico,A.Delfino,and L.Tomio,Phys.Rev.A66,052702(2002).[17]S.K.Adhikari,T.Frederico and I.D.Goldman,Phys.Rev.Lett.74,487(1995);S.K.Adhikari and T.Fred-erico,ibid.74,4572(1995);T.Frederico,A.Delfino and L.Tomio,Phys.Lett.B481,143(2000).[18]R.Raabe et al.,Nature431,823(2004).[19]M.S.Hussein,M.P.Pato,L.F.Canto and R.Donangelo,Phys.Rev.C46,377(1992).。
