《英语词汇学》重要术语
One:
1. Native words 本族词
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words.
2. Loan words 借词
Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.
3. Slang words 俚语
Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词
Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else.
5. Content words 实义词
Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning.
6. Free forms 自由形式
Forms which occur as sentences are free forms.
Two:
1. Morphemes 语素
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
2. Allomorphs 语素变体
Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.
3. Free morpheme 自由语素
Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning.
4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素
Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound.
5. Root 词根
Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.
6. Affix 词缀
Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.
7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀
Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.
8. Derivational affix 派生词缀
Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme.
9. Prefixes 前缀
Prefixes are affixes added before words.
10. Suffixes 后缀
Suffixes are affixes added after words.
Three
1. Word-formation rules 构词规则
Word-formation rules define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.
2. Stem 词干
Stem is the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
3. Base 词基
Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
4. Compounding 合成法
Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.
5. Derivation 派生法
Derivation or affixation is a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base.
6. Conversion 转化法
Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.
7. Prefixation 前缀法
Prefixation is the addition of a prefix to the base.
8. Suffixation 后缀法
Suffixation refers to the addition of a suffix to the base.
Four:
1. Initialism 首字母连写词
Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase and it is pronounced letter by letter.
2. Acronyms首字母拼音词
Acronyms are word formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, and they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.
3. Clipping 截短法
The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.
4. Blending 拼缀法
Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.
5. Back-formation 逆成法
Back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.
6. Reduplication 重叠法
Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the
repetition of one word or of two almost identical words with a change in the vowels or of two almost identical words with a change in the initial consonants.
7. Neoclassical formation 新古典词构成法
Neoclassical formation is the process by which new words are formed from elements derived from Latin and Greek.
Five:
1. Conventionality 约定俗成
It is the characteristics of relation between the sound-symbol and its sense: there is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.
2. Motivation 理据
Motivation refers to the direct connection between word-symbol and its sense.
3. Echoic/onomatopoeic words 拟声词
Echoic words or onomatopoeic words are words motivated phonetically whose pronunciation suggests the meaning.
4. Morphological motivation 语素结构理据
A word is morphologically motivated if a direct connection can be observed between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.
5. Semantic motivation 语义理据
Semantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic factors and it is usually provided by the figurative usage of words.
6. Grammatical meaning 语法意义
Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
7. Inflectional paradigm 词形变化
The set of grammatical forms of a word is called its inflectional paradigm. Nouns are declined, verbs are conjugated and gradable adjectives have degrees of comparison.
8. Denotative meaning 外延意义
The denotative meaning of a word is its definition given in a dictionary.
9. Connotative meaning 内涵意义
Connotative meaning refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one’s mind.
10. Social or stylistic meaning 社会意义
Social meaning is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.
11. Affective meaning 情感意义
Affective meaning is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
12. Componential analysis 语义成分分析
The conceptual meaning or denotative meaning can be broken down into its minimal distinctive components which are known as semantic features. Such an analysis is called componential analysis.
Six:
1. Polysemy 一词多义
Polysemy happens when more than one meaning is attached to a word.
2. Radiation 词义辐射
Semantically, radiation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays.
3. Concatenation 语义的连锁、联结
Concatenation is a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning.
4. Homonymy 同音异义、同形异义
Homonymy is the relation between pairs or groups of word which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.
5. Perfect homonyms 完全同音同形异义词
Words identical in sound and spelling but different in meaning are called perfect homonyms.
6. Homophones 同音异义词
Words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called homophones.
7. Homographs 同形异义词
Words identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called homographs.
8. Phonetic convergence 音变的汇合
Phonetic convergence is the kind of phenomenon where two or more words which once were different in sound forms take on the same pronunciation.
9. Semantic Divergence 词义分化
When two or more meanings of the same word drift apart to such an extent that there will be no obvious connection between them, the word has undergone the process of semantic divergence.
Seven:
1. Synonyms 同义词
A synonym may be defined as a word having the same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning and differing only in connotation, application, or idiomatic use.
2. Complete synonyms 完全同义词
Two words are totally synonymous only if they are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.
3. Relative synonyms 相对同义词
Relative synonyms are words that are not fully identical but may differ in shades of meaning, in emotional colouring, in level of formality, in collocation, and in distribution.
4. Antonymy 反义关系
In its general sense, antonymy refers to all types of semantic oppositeness.
5. Contraries/gradable antonyms 相对性反义词
Contraries or contrary terms display such a type of semantic contrast that they can be handled in terms of gradability, that is, in terms of degrees of the quality involved.
6. Complementaries/contradictory terms 互补性反义词
Complementaries or contradictories represent a type of binary semantic opposition so that the
assertion of one of the items implies the denial of the other.
7. Conversives/converses/relational opposites 换位性反义词
Conversives represent such a type of binary semantic opposition that there is an interdependence of meaning, or say, one member of the pair presupposes the other.
8. Hyponymy 上下义关系
Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter.
9. Superordinates 上义词
The general term in a hyponymy pair is called a superordinate linguistically.
10. Hyponyms 下义词
The specific term in a hyponymy pair is called the hyponym or subordinate.
11. Semantic field 语义场
Semantic field theory is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks. The words of a semantic field are joined together by a common concept, and they are likely to have a number of collocations in common.
Eight:
1. Context 语境
Context in its narrowest sense consists of the lexical items that come immediately before and after any word in an act of communication. But, in broader sense, it may cover the whole passage and sometimes the whole book in which a word occurs, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting.
2. Linguistic context 语言语境
Linguistic context is lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense.
3. Extra-linguistic context 语言之外的环境
Extra-linguistic context refers not only to the actual speech situation in which a word is used but also to the entire cultural background against which a word, or an utterance or a speech event is set.
4. Lexical context 词汇语境
Lexical context refers to the lexical items combined with a given polysemous word.
5. Grammatical context 语法语境
In grammatical context, the syntactic structure of the context determines various individual meanings of a polysemous word.
6. Verbal context 言语语境
The verbal context, in its broadest sense, may cover an entire passage, or even an entire book, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting.
7. Ambiguity 歧义
Ambiguity refers to a word, phrase, sentence or group of sentences with more than one possible interpretation or meaning.
8. Lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义
Lexical ambiguity is caused by polysemy.
9. Structural ambiguity 结构歧义
Structural ambiguity arises from the grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase.
Nine:
1. Change of word meaning 语义变化
When a word loses its old meaning and comes to refer to something altogether different, the result is a change of word meaning. Broadly speaking, change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words as well as the addition of new meaning to establish words.
2. Restriction of meaning 语义专门化
Restriction of meaning or specialization of meaning means that a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialized sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted.
3. Extension of meaning 词义扩展化
Extension of meaning or generalization means the widening of a word’s sense until it covers much more than what it originally conveyed.
4. Degeneration of meaning 词义降格
There are two main forms of degeneration or pejoration. One refers to the process where words once respectable or neutral may shift to a less respectable, or even derogatory meaning. The other refers to the weakening of meaning resulting from habitual use of particular words on unsuitable occasions.
5. Elevation of meaning 词义升格
It refers to the process that the meaning of a word goes uphill.
6. Metaphor 暗喻
Metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity, in which a word or a phrase ordinarily and primarily used for one thing is applied to another.
7. Metonymy 转喻
It is a figure of speech by which an object or idea is described by the name of something closely related to it.
Ten:
1. Idiom 习语
An English idiom is a group of words with a special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words. It is a combination of two or more words which are usually structurally fixed and semantically opaque, and function as a single unit of meaning.
2. Phrase idioms 惯用短语
All phrase idioms have a noun, verb, adjective, preposition or an adverb as the central word and correspond to the familiar parts of speech, and are capable of a given syntactic function.
3. Clause idioms 从句成语
Clause idioms or subject-less clause patterns contain objects and / or complements.
4. Sentence idioms 句子成语
The two major types of sentence idioms are proverbs or sayings and typical conversational expressions.
5. Proverbs 谚语
Proverbs are sentences accepted by the people and handed down to the present day because they express some obvious truth or familiar experience in a concise and witty style.
财务专业术语中英文对照表 英文中文说明 Account Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测 Certificate in Internal Auditing 部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息 Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 部审计 Internal control structure 部控制结构 Internal Revenue Service 国收入署 Internal users部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬 Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
品质名词（中英对照）A ABC analysis ABC 分析 Abnormality 不正常性 Abscissa 横坐标 Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验
Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图Acceptance cost 验收费用 Acceptance criteria 允收准则Acceptance error 允收误差
Chemntherapeutic agents 化学疗法 thus xue fiao fa) Chemothcrjipy 化学疔,Z (hija xue Aaa fa) hns the goal of killing or stopping rhe development nf rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplat in, Bkomycin I 博来霉嗪1 (ftd l3f Sg S-fltinrncjrao 5 氟尿瞪喘(ft/ HiAO m dfinfl), mrthotrExate 甲員媒时{Jia 的 did /ioffk Vincristine fifr chun xJTj/a^, Vinblastine 衣祚碱 (chang chun ;ian}. Taxol and Tawiuvirtn .木戟题(SSfi ben 阳ng 钠* Since the sanK nicchanism (hat kilh malignant cdl or blocks de vela pment of a malignant cell cm have similar effects on a nnrnuil, rap idly dividing celt any of LhcNt agents ciin hax r c btid side clfccts. Some terms of cancer ircitLcd with chemcthera 卩、may cjus,e ihe cancer (o "disappear
1. 热力学thermodynamics 2. 热源heat source 3. 热力学平衡状态thermodynamic equilibrium state 4. 稳态steady state 5. 非稳态unsteady state 6. 可逆过程reversible process 7. 不可逆过程irreversible process 8. 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 9. 热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 10. 热力学第三定律third law of thermodynamics 11. 内能internal energy 12. 焓enthalpy 13. 熵entropy 14. 热量heat 15. 理想气体ideal gas 16. 相变change of phase 17. 汽化vaporization 18. 蒸发evaporation 19. 沸腾boiling 20. 沸点boiling point 21. 凝结condensation 22. 饱和状态saturation state
23. 饱和温度saturation temperature 24. 饱和压力saturation pressure 25. 饱和液体saturation liquid 26. 饱和蒸汽saturation vapor 27. 过饱和supersaturation 28. 湿蒸汽wet vapor 29. 过热superheat 30. 过热蒸汽superheated vapor 31. 过热度degree of superheat 32. 过冷subcooling 33. 过冷液体subcooled liquid 34. 气-液混合物liquid-vapor mixture 35. 干度quality 36. 冷凝点condensation point 37. 冷凝液condensate 38. 共沸混合物azeotropic mixture 39. 共沸性azeotropy 40. 共沸点azeotropic point 41. 凝固solidification 42. 熔化fusion 43. 熔点melting point 44. 升华sublimation
常用中英文对照 MSA：测量系统分析（MEASUREMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS） AQL：允收水准（ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVER） ISO：国际标准化组织（INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANGDARDIZA TION）FMEA：失效模式和影响分析（FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS） FPY：首次合格率（FIRST PASS YIELD） JIT：及时率（JUST IN TIME） QC：品质控制 QA：品质保证 QE：品质工程 IQC：来料品质控制（INCOMING QUALITY CONTROL） IPQC：制程品质控制（INPROCESS ----------------------------） FQC：最终品质控制（FINAL -------------------------------------） LQC：生产线品质控制（LINE --------------------------------------） SQA：供应商品质保证（SUPPLIER QUALITY CONTROL） DCC：文控中心（DOCUMENT CONTROL CENTER） PQA：制程品质保证（PROCESS QUALITY ASSYRANCE） FQA：最终-------------（FINAL ---------------------------------------） DAS：缺陷分析系统（DEFECTS ANALYSIS SYSTEM） FA：坏品分析（FAILURE ANALYSIS） CPI：连续工序改善（CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT） CS：客户服务（CUSTEMER SERVICE） TRAINING：培训 COQ：品质成本 COIF：内部缺陷成本 PPM：百万分之-----（PART PER MILLION） MSDS：材料安全资料卡（MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET） MRB：物料/材料审查委员会（MATERIALS REVIEW BOARD） MQC：制造质量控制（MANUFACTURING QUALITY CONTORL） QAP：质量保证计划（QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANNING） BOM：料件结构表（BILLS OF MATERIAL） QM：品质手册（QUALITY MANUAL） QP：品质程序（QUALITY PROCEDURE/PEOGRAM） WI：作业指导书（SOP/SIP------WORK INSTRUCTION） FR：表单/表格（FORM） SOP：标准操作程序（STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE） SIP：标准检验程序（STANDARD INSPECTION PROCEDURE） FIFO：先进先出（FIRST IN FIRST OUT） CO：公司（COMPANY） LID：有限的（LIMITED） CC：复写的副本；抄送（CARBON COPY）
语文课程与教学论 名词术语中英文对照表 the Chinese Course and Teaching and Learning Theory in Chinese and English Teaching materials editing teaching materials /Chinese Teaching Materials /edit teaching materials /Uniformed Chinese Teaching Materials /Experimental Teaching Materials /Mother Tongue Teaching Materials /Teaching Materials of the New Course *textbook *reading book *teaching reference book *exercises book *studying plan Technology /Educational Technology /Modern Educational Technology /Educational Technology in Chinese Teaching /multi-media technology /net technology /cloud serving technology *white board *net meeting *chat room *blog Teaching Basic Theory of the Teaching teaching aim teaching task teaching objective teaching model teaching tactics teaching principle teaching program teaching reform teaching case Courseware teaching resources teaching experiment /mother tongue teaching A Term List of 1. 教材（ JC ） 教材编写 /语文教材 /编写教材 / 统编教材 /实验教材 /母语教材 /新课程教材 * 课本 * 读本 * 教学参考书（教参） * 练习册 *学案 2. 技术（ JS ） / 教育技术 /现代 教育技术 /语文 教育技术 /多媒 体技术 / 网络 技术 /云服务技 术 * 白板 *网 络会议 *聊天室 * 博克 3. 教学 （JX ） 教学基本理论 教学目的 教学 任务 教学目标 教学模式 教学 策略 教学原则 教学大纲 教学 改革 教学案例 教学课件 教学 资源 教学实验 /母语教学
Film 种类 action/adventure 动作冒险片comedy 喜剧 horror 恐怖片 tragedy 悲剧片suspense thriller 悬疑片musical 音乐喜剧science fiction 科幻片westerns 西部片documentary 纪录片 classic film 经典电影animated cartoon 动画片Animation 动画片。Crime 犯罪电影Drama 文艺片Fantasy 神话剧 Film-Noir 黑色电影Mystery 悬念片Romance 浪漫的爱情电影Sci-Fi 科幻电影Thriller 惊栗片 War 战争片 Adult 成人电影 Short 电影短片Family 家庭 film, motion picture (美作:movie) 影片,电影newsreel 新闻片,纪录片filmdom 电影界literary film 文艺片dracula movie 恐怖片sowordsmen film 武侠片detective film 侦察片ethical film 伦理片affectional film 爱情片 erotic film 黄色片 serial 系列片 trailer 预告片cartoon (film) 卡通片,动画片
footage 影片长度 full-length film, feature film 长片 short(film) 短片 colour film (美作:color film) 彩色片 silent film 默片,无声片 dubbed film 配音复制的影片,译制片 silent cinema, silent films 无声电影 sound motion picture, talkie 有声电影 title 片名 original version 原著 dialogue 对白 subtitles, subtitling 字幕 credits, credit titles 对原作者及其他有贡献者的谢启和姓名telefilm 电视片 film industry 电影工业 art theatre 艺术影院 continuous performance cinema 循环场电影院 film society (美作:film club) 电影协会,电影俱乐部 film library 电影资料馆 premiere 首映式 film festival 电影节 distributor 发行人 Board of Censors 审查署 shooting schedule 摄制计划 censor's certificate 审查级别 release 准予上映 banned film 禁映影片 A-certificate A级(儿童不宜) U-certificate U级 X-certificate X级(成人级) camera 摄影机 shooting angle 拍摄角度 high angle shot 俯拍 long shot 远景 full shot 全景 close-up, close shot 特写,近景 medium shot 中景
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
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各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Phｉｌoｓopｈy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Mａrxism 中国哲学ＣhinesｅＰhｉlｏｓｏpｈy 外国哲学ForeiｇｎPhiloｓopｈｉes ?逻辑学Loｇiｃ?伦理学Ｅthiｃs 美学Ａｅstheｔics 宗教学Science of Rｅｌigiｏn?科学技术哲学Philｏsoｐhy ｏf Sciencｅ ａnｄTecｈｎolｏgy?经济学Ecoｎｏｍiｃs?理论经济学Ｔhｅoreｔicaｌ Ｅcoｎomｉcs ?政治经济学PｏlｉticａｌＥconoｍy ?经济思想史History oｆEconｏｍｉc Thougｈt ?经济史Hｉstoｒy of Eｃonoｍｉc 西方经济学WesｔernＥcoｎoｍiｃs?世界经济World Economｉcs ?人口、资源与环境经济学Populａｔion,Rｅsｏurces ａnｄＥnｖiroｎmentaｌＥcoｎoｍｉcs 应用经济学Aｐpｌied Econｏmｉcs 国民经济学Natｉｏnal Economics?区域经济学Rｅgionａl Ｅconｏmics ?财政学（含税收学)Ｐublic Ｆｉnanｃe (incｌudiｎｇＴaxａtion) 金融学（含保险学) Fiｎance (incｌuｄing Inｓurａnce)?产业经济学Indusｔrial Economiｃs ?国际贸易学Ｉｎｔｅrｎatioｎal Trade 劳动经济学Laｂor Econoｍｉcs ?统计学Staｔｉｓtics ?数量经济学Quanｔita ｔive Eｃonoｍｉcs ?中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学Nａtionａl Defense Economicｓ?法学Ｌaw 法学Ｓciｅｎce of Law ?法学理论Jurisｐrudeｎcｅ?法律史Legal Hiｓtory ?宪法学与行政法学Ｃoｎstituｔｉｏnal Law aｎd Adｍｉnistrative Law 刑法学Criｍiｎal Jurisｐruｄeｎｃe 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学）Civil Ｌaw and Commｅｒｃial Lａw （i ｎｃlｕdiｎg Sciｅnce ｏf LaｂouｒLawａnd Ｓcience oｆＳｏcial Ｓec ｕrｉtｙLaw）?诉讼法学Scｉeｎce of PｒｏｃedurｅLａｗs ?经济法学Sc ｉeｎce oｆＥｃonomic Law ?环境与资源保护法学Science oｆEｎvirｏnｍent anｄNatuｒal Rｅsｏuｒｃｅs Ｐrotection Law 国际法学（含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、）Ｉntｅｒnaｔionaｌlaw （includiｎg Inｔerｎatiｏnａl Public lａw, Intｅrnaｔiｏnal PｒivａtｅLaw a
这篇文章将解决很多人一直以来的困惑。国内的电影经常会把演职员表写成中英文，但其中总有错误的使用演职员的译名，再加上大家对美国电影团队提出的一些组成问题，所以，在这里总结了一篇电影制作人员的正式中英文对照。电影的术语很多也很复杂，所以这里所有的翻译都是在美国的电影片场亲身了解后进行意译的，绝对没有通过翻译机器这种毫无诚意的玩意，并且还加入了对这个职位的解释。一来给所有想了解电影片场各职位中英文翻译的朋友，二来纠正一些一直以来的翻译错误。 A 副摄影/副机摄影师 又被称为B ，副摄影一般指一位摄影机操作员，操作一台副摄像机来完成拍摄。一般在好莱坞，电影拍摄并非由一台摄影机完成，或是需要多台摄影机从不同角度拍摄，这时，除了主摄影师外，其他摄影师（摄影机操作员）均可称为。注，每一台机器除了副摄影外当然还需要副摄影助理。 枪械师 枪械师主管影片拍摄中的所有枪械，武器及冷兵器。他们的职责有挑选枪械与弹药，确保所有人安全，维护打理枪械，枪械顾问，保证所有枪械的合法性和安全。在美国，无论多大多小的电影片场（包括学生片场）都必须有枪械师在场监督。一般枪械师必须持有枪械师执照。艺术总监/艺术监督 核心职位之一，艺术总监监督和管理片场所有美术部门工作人员，包括设计，建筑，制作的所有工种进行有效的工作。艺术总监听命与“美术指导”（），注意不要将二者混淆，以及不应翻译成艺术导演。这里是监督指导的意思。 摄影助理 核心职位，分为1 ，第一摄影助理，简称1 ；和2 ，第二摄影助理，简称 2 。 第一摄影助理是管理和维护他所负责的这台摄影机的所有状况。他负责管理除他之外的所有其他摄影助理进行对摄影机的管理工作，并且负责摄影机的维护和保证摄影机的正常运行。在拍摄中，他除了要进行安置摄影机的工作外（包括组装，换镜头，清理维护等等一系列工作）主要负责变焦的工作，所以在欧洲，他又被称为变焦员（）。不过变焦员有可能是单独的另外一个人，但第一摄影助理是一台摄影机的全权负责人，他是无论多大规模拍摄中决不可或缺的。 第二摄影助理是协助第一摄影助理打理摄影机的人。在拍摄中他主要负责进行“打板”（）即在拍摄前举着场记板的人；填写和整理摄影报告（，在国内有时被称为场记，大同小异，如果你想知道什么是摄影报告，请看这篇文章）以及为演员的走位做记号。在拍摄前，第二摄影助理还需负责摄影机的安置，运输，保证摄影机的安全。同时，他也是负责所有关于摄影机的文稿工作。第二摄影助理有时还会有助理，他们被称为2 2 。 副导演 核心职位，分为1 ，第一副导演，1 。和2 ，第二副导演，2 。 第一副导演，有时在国内会被被称为执行导演。他是导演具体工作的执行人。他主要负责片场的正常运行，以及确保拍摄按照拍摄计划执行，并制作每日的通告单（）。第一副导演要准备好所有的拍摄计划和任务，负责分解剧本分部计划。他要与导演共同合理利用时间，并且监督和保证其他所有工种都能按照时间计划执行工作。他是拍摄前喊“全场安静”的那个人，也是经常由于催促各个工种，包括摄影指导，而吃力不讨好的人。他的其他工作包括负责拍摄计划，劳务合同，保证片场安全性，并和制片主任联合管理预算。他一般是导演组的领导，有时会替导演喊“”。 第二副导演，在国内有时被称为助理导演，或仅仅“副导演”。他负责所有与导演工作有关的
仓库专业术语参考中英 文对照 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
收发存专用的英语大全； 收货组ReceivingTeam； 收货区ReceivingArea； 散装区BulkStorage； 货架区RackStorage； 入库Entry； 入库单"Warehouseentry；"； 收货单ReceivingNote； 收货产品ReceivingProduct； 物品接收时间GoodsReceiveDate；物品数仓库收发存专用的英语大全 收货组ReceivingTeam 收货区ReceivingArea 散装区BulkStorage 货架区RackStorage 入库Entry 入库单"Warehouseentry"
收货单ReceivingNote 收货产品ReceivingProduct 物品接收时间GoodsReceiveDate 物品数量总计GoodsTotalMaterialQuantity重量weight 毛重GrossWeight 净重NetWeight 最大重量MaximumWeight 最小重量MiximumWeight 总计容量TotalCapacity 出库单DeliveryList 拣货PickingGoods 拣货区PickingArea 转储单TransferOrder 检验报告单InspectionDocument 物料清单BillofMaterial 料号PartNumber 电子单据ElectronicsNote
码盘Pallet-Sorting 分拣Picking/Sorting 采购订单PurchaseOrder（PO）手写单HandNote 到货通知ArrivalNotice 报关到货ImportingGoods 检验单InspectionNote 入库扫描EntryScanning 扫描Scan 存货InStock 冻结的BlockedStock 库存Inventory/Stock 库存清单StockList 发货区ShippingArea 发货单Deliverysheet 盘点Count 日盘DailyCount
Gredit Account货方科目 Exch Rate兑换率ASAP As soon As possible尽快 FTP File Transfer Protocol文件传递（输）协议CD-ROM compact disc read -only memory只读光盘存储器UV Ultraviolet紫外线 EC Engineering change工程变更 EV Equipment Variance量具变异 AV Appraiser variance作业者变异PV Part variation局部变异 Characteristic Diagram特性要因图 Stratification层别法 Check list查检表 Histogram直方图 Scatter Diagram散布图 Pare to Diagram柏拉图 Control Chart管制图 CEO Chief Executive Officer执行总裁 VIP Very Important Person贵宾 ERP Enterprice Resource Planning企业资源规划MRP I Material Requirement Planning物料需求规划MRP II Maufacturing Resource Planning制造资源规划OA Operation Analysis作业者变异 Gap Analysis差异分析PC Product Control生产分析 MC Material control物料管控 MTS make to--Stock存货式生产ATO assemble-to-order接单式装配ATM Applicotion Implementation应用系统导入方法 Unorder Receipt无订单的收料 Shop floor车间、职场 Shop floor control厂地控制、车间管理Shop floor production control工厂生产管理 Write书写 Observed观察 Read阅读 Listen听 UCL Upper Control Limit管制上限 LCL Lower Control Limit管制下限 Critical defect严重缺点 Minor defect次要缺点 Packing List出货明细 PCB Printed Circuit Board印刷电路板 PCBA Printed Circuit Board Assemblies 印刷电路板总成常用品质术语中英文对照表
电影制作术语中英对照 credits 影片字幕 acrobat 特技演员 ADR assistant 配音助理 ADR editor 配音剪辑 ADR mixer 配音录音师 ADR supervisor 配音指导 ADR voic e casting 配音演员 advisor 制片顾问 all rights r eserved 版权所有 animator 动画设计师 animator c artoonist 动画画家 apprentic e editor 见习编辑 art department assistant 美术部门助理 art department c oordinator 美术部门协调人 art designer 美术设计人员 art dir ector 艺术指导，美工师 assistant accountant 助理会计 assistant art dir ector 助理美工师 assistant c amer aman 助理摄影师 assistant chief lighting technician 助理照明师assistant c onstruction coor dinator 制景协调人助理assistant c ostume supervisor 服装管理助理assistant dialogue editor 助理对白编辑 assistant dir ector 助理导演 assistant engineer 助理录音技师 assistant loc ation manager 外景制片助理assistant produc er 助理制片人 assistant production c oordinator 制片协调人助理assistant property master 助理道具管理员assistant prop 道具管理员助理 assistant set dec or ator 置景人员助理 assistant sound editor 声音助理剪辑师 assistant sound effects editor 声效助理剪辑师assoc iate pr oduc er 副制片人 audio assistant editor 声音助理剪辑师 best boy 照明助手 best boy electric 照明助手 best boy grip 置景工 best person 照明助手 body makeup 身体化装 boom oper ator 录音花筒操作员cableperson 电缆管理员 camer aman's assistant 摄影师助理 camer a oper ator 摄影助理，摄影师 camer a trainee 见习摄影师 camer aman 电影摄影师 cartoonist 动画片画家 casting 选派演员 casting assistant 演员部助理 casting associate 演员部联系人 cater er 伙食管理员 chief camer aman 总摄影师 chief lighting technician 主任照明师 chor eogr apher 舞蹈编导 cinemanufactur er 电影制造厂 cinematogr apher 电影摄影师 clapper boy 场记员 co-c ostume designer 联合服装设计师 color timer 配光员 commentator 解说员 composer 作曲者 computer gr aphic s playbac k 计算机图形重放conductor 乐队指挥 constr uction c arpenter 置景木工 constr uction c oor dinator 搭景协调人 constr uction estimator 搭景评估人 constr uction gang boss 搭景组指挥 constr uction key grip 主要置景工 constr uction scenic artist 布景美术师consultant 顾问 continuity 分镜头剧本 continuity girl 女场记员 continuity man 场记员 continuity writer 分镜头剧本作者 copr oducer 联合制片人 costume designer 服装设计师 costume supervisor 服装管理员 costumer 服装师 crafts servic e 技巧员 dailies advisor 样片指导 dec orator 制景人员 designer 设计人员 dial twister 调音师 dialect coac h 方言教练，对白员，提词员
术语表 Acceptance Criteria–接受标准:接受测试结果的数字限度、范围或其他合适的量度标准。Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient（API）（or Drug Substance）-活性要用成分（原料药）旨在用于药品制造中的任何一种物质或物质的混合物，而且在用于制药时，成为药品的一种活性成分。此种物质在疾病的诊断，治疗，症状缓解，处理或疾病的预防中有药理活性或其他直接作用，或者能影响机体的功能和结构。 API Starting Material–原料药的起始物料:用在原料药生产中的，以主要结构单元被并入该原料药的原料、中间体或原料药。原料药的起始物料可能是在市场上有售，能够根据合同或商业协议从一个或多个供应商处购得，或者自己生产。原料药的起始物料通常有特定的化学特性和结构。 Batch（or Lot）-批:有一个或一系列工艺过程生产的一定数量的物料，因此在规定的限度内是均一的。在连续生产中，一批可能对应与生产的某以特定部分。其批量可规定为一个固定数量，或在固定时间间隔内生产的数量。 Batch Number（or Lot Number）-批号用于标识一批的一个数字、字母和/或符号的唯一组合，从中可确定生产和销售的历史。 Bioburden–生物负载：可能存在与原料、原料药的起始物料、中间体或原料药中的微生物的水平和种类（例如，治病的或不治病的）。生物负载不应当当作污染，除非含量超标，或者测得治病生物。 Calibration–校验：证明某个仪器或装置在一适当的量程范围内测得的结果与一参照物，或可追溯的标准相比在规定限度内。 Computer System–计算机系统：设计安装用于执行某一项或一组功能的一组硬件元件和关联的软件。 Computerized System–计算机化系统与计算机系统整合的一个工艺或操作。Contamination–污染：在生产、取样、包装或重新包装、贮存或运输过程中，具化学或微生物性质的杂质或外来物质进入或沾染原料、中间体或原料药。 Contract Manufacturer–协议制造商：代表原制造商进行部分制造的制造商。 Critical–决定性的：用来描述为了确保原料药符合规格标准，必须控制在预定范围内的工艺步骤、工艺条件、测试要求或其他有关参数或项目。 Cross-Contamination–交叉污染:一种物料或产品对另一种物料或产品的污染。 Deviation–偏差：对批准的指令或规定的标准的偏离。 Drug（Medicinal）Product–药品：经最后包装准备销售的制剂（参见Q1A） Drug Substance–药物见原料药 Expiry Date（or Expiration Date）-有效期:原料药容器/标签上注明的日期，在此规定时间内，该原料药在规定条件下贮存时，仍符合规格标准，超过这以期限则不应当使用。 Impurity–杂质:存在与中间体或原料药中，任何不希望得到的成分。 Impurity Profile–杂质概况:对存在于一种原料药中的已知和未知杂质的描述。 In-Process Control（or Process Control）-中间控制:生产过程中为监测，在必要时调节工艺和/或保证中间体或原料药符合其规格而进行的检查。 Intermediate–中间体:原料药工艺步骤中生产的、必须经过进一步分子变化或精制才能成为原料药的一种物料。中间体可以分离或不分离。 Manufacture–制造:物料的接收、原料药的生产、包装、重新包装、贴签、重新贴签、质量控制、放行、贮存和分发以及相关控制的所有操作。 Material–物料:原料（起始物料，试剂，溶剂），工艺辅助用品，中间体，原料药和包装及贴签材料的统称。
. . 品质管理名词（中英文对照） QE=品质工程师（Quality Engineer ） MSA: Measurement System Analysis 量测系统分析 LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限 Control plan 管制计划 Correction 纠正 Cost down 降低成本 CS: customer Sevice 客户中心 Data 数据 Data Collection 数据收集 Description 描述 Device 装置 Digital 数字 Do 执行 DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计 Environmental 环境 Equipment 设备 FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect analysis 失效模式与效果分析 FA: Failure Analysis 坏品分析 FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证 FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制 Gauge system 量测系统 Grade 等级 Inductance 电感 Improvement 改善 Inspection 检验 IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制 IQC: Incoming Quality Control 来料品质控制 ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准组织 LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制 LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限 Materials 物料 Measurement 量测 Occurrence 发生率 Operation Instruction 作业指导书 Organization 组织 Parameter 参数 Parts 零件 Pulse 脉冲 Policy 方针 Procedure 流程 Process 过程 Product 产品 Production 生产 Program 方案 Projects 项目 QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证 QC: Quality Control 品质控制 QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程 QFD: Quality Function Design 品质机能展开 Quality 质量 Quality manual 品质手册 Quality policy 品质政策 Range 全距 Record 记录 Reflow 回流 Reject 拒收 Repair 返修 Repeatability 再现性 Reproducibility 再生性 Requirement 要求 Residual 误差 Response 响应 Responsibilities 职责 Review 评审 Rework 返工 Rolled yield 直通率 sample 抽样,样本 Scrap 报废 SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书 SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制 Specification 规格 SQA: Source(Supplier) Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证 Taguchi-method 田口方法 TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制 TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理 Traceability 追溯 UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制上限 USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限 Validation 确认 Variable 计量值 Verification 验证 Version 版本 QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈/QC 小组 PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划 执行 检查 总结
.. documentary (film) 记录片,文献片 filmdom 电影界 literary film 文艺片 musicals 音乐片 comedy 喜剧片 tragedy 悲剧片 dracula movie 恐怖片 sowordsmen film 武侠片 detective film 侦探片 ethical film 伦理片 affectional film 爱情片 erotic film 黄色片 western movies 西部片 film d’avant-garde 前卫片 serial 系列片 trailer 预告片 cartoon (film) 卡通片,动画片 footage 影片长度 full-length film, feature film 长片 short(film) 短片 colour film 彩色片(美作:color film) silent film 默片,无声片 dubbed film 配音复制的影 片,译制片 silent cinema, silent films 无 声电影 sound motion picture, talkie 有声电影 cinemascope, CinemaScope 西涅玛斯科普型立体声宽 银幕电影,变形镜头式宽银 幕电影 cinerama, Cinerama 西涅拉 玛型立体声宽银幕电影,全 景电影 title 片名 original version 原著 dialogue 对白 subtitles, subtitling 字幕 credits, credit titles 对原作 者及其他有贡献者的谢启 和姓名 telefilm 电视片 演员actors cast 阵容 film star, movie star 电影明 星 star, lead 主角 double, stand-in 替身演员 stunt man 特技替身演员 extra, walker-on 临时演员 character actor 性格演员 regular player 基本演员 extra 特别客串 film star 电影明星 film actor 男电影明星 film actress 女电影明星 support 配角 util 跑龙套 工作人员technicians adapter 改编 scenarist, scriptwriter 脚本 作者 dialogue writer 对白作者 production manager 制片人 producer 制片主任 film director 导演 assistant director 副导演,助 理导演 cameraman, set photographer 摄影师