Unit 9 文化教育类
Passage 1（清华大学2008年考博试题）
In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.
In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions Dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.
In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.
Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra stops this year to woo admitted student, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year’s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It’s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the humane season,” La rkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosed a community service weekend program.
While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among app licants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, ‘I want to be a part of the action,’” says Stieffel, nothing that Loyola’s transfer applications were up
30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are apply ing, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutions
B. most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will
commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this year
C. many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make
their choices by May 1 this year
D. in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their
institutions
2. The following statements are all false other than ______.
A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this year
B. Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the
recruitment schedule of Dillard University
C. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to
enroll is about 1,500 freshmen
D. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due to
receiving fewer applications of students
3. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are ______.
A. reducing the tuition respectively
B. hosting meetings
C. increasing the scholarships respectively
D. extending the application deadline
4. The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of ______.
A. the drops of the applicants of the universities
B. the dilemma of the admission officials
C. the usual rules of college admissions
D. the effects of the hurricanes
【答案与解析】
1.B 根据第二段“In typical years, most college admissions official s can predict
fairly by this point…Many of the most selective schools require student…to make their choices by May 1.”（通常情况下，大学的招生机构可以预测招收学生的数量，但是今年不同往年。）可知今年在五月一号之前是预测不到招收的学生的数量的，故选项B正确。选项A和C与原文不符。选项D缺少时间限定，不全面。
2.D 第二段“Loyola University…received fewer applications”，即收到的申请减少，
因而将会“vote…on whether to…eliminate 17 faculty positions”，注意received 和will vote的时态，暗示两者间的因果关系，容易判断出D选项正确。第三段“Tulane University…enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year”收到的申请并没有减少，反而较往年多出11%，故选项A错误。第二段“Xavier University…fell behi nd its recruitment schedule”落后于自己原先安排的日程而不是“fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard University”，故选项B不正确。第二段“Dean Winston Brown says…he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.”故选项C错误。
3.D 根据第四段“…Loyola is relaxing deadlines…Dillard…moved its academic
calendar back…”可以判断选项D正确。
4.A 文章通篇主要讲述的是学校申请者比以往少，所以各个学校采取各种措施争取生源。
故选A项。选项C跟原文意思正好相反。选项B和D不是文章的重点。
【题海拾贝】
（1）upheaval剧变
（2）admission录取
（3）enrollment招生
（4）application申请
Passage 2（上海交通大学2008年考博试题）
There are three general methods people use to explain and understand their world: beliefs, pseudoscience, and science.
What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God, who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs.
Pseudoscience, also called fake science, is any body of knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions as facts, or choose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false understanding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some people try to persuade others to believe that either Qigong or Yoga have some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people follow pseudoscience because belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.
Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of understanding the world. It does not provide a moral system as religion does, and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence, and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.
Most of us use all three methods in different proportions to view our world.
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,along with Tylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________. In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism.Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures. 45.________________. Also in the early1900s,French sociologistémile Durkheim
一年级语文下册专项训练 课外阅读归类专项训练 一、阅读儿歌，回答问题。 夏夜真迷人 夏夜夏夜真迷人，田野好像音乐厅， 小青蛙，在敲鼓；小蟋蟀，在弹琴； 吸引一群萤火虫，提着灯笼赶来听。 1. 音乐厅在哪儿开的？（） ①河边②田野 2.你知道谁是观众吗？在正确答案后面的圆圈里打“√”。 蟋蟀○萤火虫○青蛙○ 二、阅读儿歌，回答问题。 姓氏谣 东方慕容和上官， 诸葛司徒与欧阳。 中华姓氏上千种， 单姓复姓遍四方。 不管你我姓什么， 中华儿女是一家。 1.用“”画出歌谣中的复姓。 2.“遍四方”的意思是( ) A.只有四个方向有。 B.祖国到处都有。
3.中国的姓氏非常多，从哪些词语可以看出来呢？ 三、阅读儿歌，回答问题。 毛娃 毛娃哭，住瓦屋。毛娃笑，坐花轿。 毛娃醒，吃油饼。毛娃睡，盖花被。 毛娃走，唤花狗，花狗伸着花舌头。 1.选择下列词语的反义词。(填序号) 哭——( ) 睡——( ) A.走 B.笑 C.盖 D.醒 2.读一读，选一选。 A.吃油饼 B.坐花轿 C.盖花被 D.唤花狗 (1)当毛娃睡时，要( )。 (2)当毛娃走时，要( )。 (3)当毛娃笑时，要( )。 四、阅读短文，回答问题。 要好好学字 1939年春天，毛主席在延安遇到了两个小八路。他们一个叫安定宝，15岁，个子高一点；一个叫刘长贵，才14岁，个子矮一点。毛主席高兴地问他们：“你们知道我是谁吗？”他俩马上回答：“知道，您是毛主席。”毛主席说：“我是毛泽东。”说着就弯下腰，在自己手心上写了“毛泽东”三个字。毛主席对他们说：“参加革命了，要好好学字啊！”两个小八路听了连连点头。
1.从文中找出下列词语的近义词。 立刻——( ) 快乐——( ) 2.短文写了毛主席教（）学字的故事。 3.选一选。(填序号) 高个子的小八路叫( )。 矮个子的小八路叫( )。 毛主席的名字是( )。 A.刘长贵 B.安定宝 C.毛泽东 4.毛主席“弯下腰”的原因是( )。 A.想写字给小八路看 B.想拍拍小八路的肩膀 C.想摸一摸小八路 5.读完短文后，你喜欢谁呢？为什么？请写一写。 五、阅读短文，回答问题。 猪想找个朋友玩 一天早晨，小猪拎着一个大包出了门，碰见了小猴，就从包里掏出一个桃子对小猴说：“给你吃桃子，你陪我玩。”小猴说：“我不吃你的桃子，也不跟你玩，因为你太懒惰了。”小猪走啊走，又碰见了小牛。它从包里掏出一块麦饼说：“给你吃麦饼，你跟我一起玩。”小牛说：“我不吃你的麦饼，也不跟你玩，因为你做事不动脑筋。”忽然，小猪看见小羊从桥上掉进河里，它赶紧扔下大包，向河边跑去。小猪跳进河里，很快把小羊救上了岸。小猴和小牛跑来。大伙儿都喜欢和小猪做朋友了。小猪真高兴。 1．小猴不跟小猪玩，因为( )。 A．小猪喜欢吃B．小猪太懒惰
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问，Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了 她的独到见解，“我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们 的谈兴。人们一谈到养孩子就会觉得这是一件完全令人愉悦、生活充实的事 情。Jennifer Senior没有指出养孩子到底是使得父母快乐呢还是痛苦呢， 她倒是认为，我们需要重新定义幸福：幸福不应该是一个个瞬间的快乐组合 的可以被衡量的东西;我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩 子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但是Jennifer Senior认为，正是那些 心绪沉重的时刻，日后却成为我们欢乐的源泉。 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute
2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
Passage10肺癌 Among all the malignancies,lung cancer is the biggest killer;more than 100,000Americans die of the disease,giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk,but another answer may lie in the kitchen.According to a new report,even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots,spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding,published in The Lancet,is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease.Since1957,some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of2,000middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co.in Chicago.Led by Dr.Richard Shekelle of St.Luke’s Medical Center,and the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects’dietary patterns and cancer.Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer.The correlation seemed logical,explains Shekelle,since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial(上皮的)tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin.“Preformed”vitamin A,known as retinol,is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk,cheese,butter and eggs.But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots,spinach,squash,tomatoes,sweet potatoes and apples.
小学语文“阅读与理解”归类与方法指导 令狐采学 (一) 第一类：写人类文章 写人类文章，一般是指以写人为主的记叙文。这类文章，主要通过对人物外貌、语言、动作、心理的描写，通过一件或几件典型事例的叙述，来表现人物的思想品质和精神风貌。阅读写人类文章时，学生应从以下几点入手： 1．感悟人物的外在形象。 2．读懂人物语言。 3．分析人物动作。 4．剖析人物的内心活动。 5．关注人物所处环境。 6．分析细节描写。 7．抓住文章主要情节。 【例文一】 (一)做事讲究效率的爸爸 ①我的爸爸是一个会抓紧时间，做事讲究效率的人。 ②元旦那天早上，爸爸带我去买菜。走到十字路口的时候，爸爸忽然对我说：“咱们先到电影院去看看有没有好电影的票吧！”我虽然疑惑不解，但还是跟着他向电影院走去。路上，爸爸向我解释道：“现在刚早上8点，电影院买票的人还不多，咱们就趁这个时候去。要是等买完菜再去，买票的人多了，提着菜又不方便，工作效率不就低了吗？”我这才恍然大悟，爸爸又用这个实例给我讲了“运筹学”，告诉我刚才我讲的那些就是生活中的运筹学。这样，我又接触了一门科学，并对它有了初步认识。 ③来到菜市场，爸爸排到了买鸡的行列中。他见我没事干，就叫我到别的柜台转转，看看哪个柜台人多，哪个柜台人少。我在菜市场里东瞅瞅，西看看。当看到顾客们一张张的笑脸和售货员一个个忙碌的样子时，我忽然意识到了什么；爸爸让我到各柜台转转，不也是运筹学吗？一来让我看看节日的气氛，为我增加写作素材；二来让我看看各柜台的售货情况，回去告诉他，他好决定再买点什么。嘿，爸爸的运筹学用得真妙！我转回来，把自己的想法和见到的情况仔仔细细告诉了爸爸。他见我把学到的知识掌握了，满意地笑了。
育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
考博心得之考博英语阅读理解 阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。 首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功 很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。 学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。 我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。 其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？ 这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图 全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。
一、现代文阅读（共7题；共113分） 1.（2018?卷Ⅰ）阅读下面文字，完成小题 赵一曼女士阿成 伪满时期的哈尔滨市立医院。如今仍是医院。后来得知赵一曼女士曾经在这里住过院，我便翻阅了她的一些资料。 赵一曼女士，是一个略显瘦秀且成熟的女性，在她身上弥漫着拔俗的文人气质和职业军人的冷峻。在任何地方，你都能看出她有别于他人的风度。 赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在小兴安岭的崇山峻岭中，那儿能够听到来自坡镇的钟声。冬夜里，钟声会传得很远很远。钟声里，抗联的士兵在深林里烤火，烤野味儿，或者唱着“烤火胸前暖，风吹背后寒……战士们呦”……这些都是给躺在病床上的在赵一曼女士留下清晰的回忆。 赵一曼女士单独一间病房，由警察昼夜看守。 白色的小柜上有一个玻璃花瓶，里面插着丁香花。赵一曼女士喜欢丁香花，这束丁香花，是女护士韩勇义折来摆在那里的。听说，丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。 她是在山区中了日军的子弹后被捕的。滨江省警务厅的大野泰治对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷问，始终没有得到有价值的回答，他觉得很没有面子。 大野泰治在向上司呈送的审讯报告上写道： 赵一曼是中国共产党珠河县委委员，在该党工作上有与赵尚志同等的权力，她是北满共产党的重要干部，通过对此人的严厉审讯，有可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。 1936年初，赵一曼女士以假名“王氏”被送到医院监禁治疗。 《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从市立医院逃走和被害的情况。 赵一曼女士是在6月28日逃走的，夜里，看守董宪勋在他叔叔的协助下，将赵一曼抬出医院的后门，一辆雇好的出租车已等在那里。几个人下了车，车立刻就开走了。出租车开到文庙屠宰场的后面，韩勇义早就等候在那里，扶着赵一曼女士上来雇好的轿子，大家立刻向宾县方向逃去。 赵一曼女士住院期间，发现警士董宪勋似乎可以争取。经过一段时间的观察、分析，她觉得有把握去试一试。 她躺在病床上，和蔼地问董警士：“董先生，您一个月的薪俸是多少？” 董警士显得有些忸怩：“十多块钱吧……” 赵一曼女士遗憾地笑了，说：“真没有想到，薪俸会这样少。” 董警士更加忸怩了。 赵一曼女士神情端庄地说：“七尺男儿，为着区区几十块钱，甘为日本人役使，不是太愚蠢了吗？” 董警士无法再正视这位成熟女性的眼睛了，只是哆哆嗦嗦给自己点了一颗烟。 此后，赵一曼女士经常与董警士聊抗联的战斗和生活，聊小兴安岭的风光，飞鸟走兽。她用通俗的、有吸引力的小说体记述日军侵略东北的罪行，写在包药的纸上。董警士对这些纸片很有兴趣，以为这是赵一曼女士记述的一些资料，并不知道是专门写给他看的。看了这些记述，董警士非常向往“山区生活”，愿意救赵一曼女士出去，和她一道上山。 赵一曼女士对董警士的争取，共用了20天时间。 对女护士韩永义，赵一曼女士采取的则是“女人对女人”的攻心术。 半年多的相处，使韩永义对赵一曼女士十分信赖，她讲述了自己幼年丧母、恋爱不幸、工作受欺负，等
中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family". Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term"downshifting"has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.
考博英语阅读资料100篇 Unit One Passage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail- way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. V ery large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1. The main subject of this passage is______. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution 2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately 3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?
2015河海大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、河海大学考博英语题型 初试的笔试科目为外国语(听力测试在复试中进行)、政治理论和两门业务课，其中英语试题构成一般为词汇结构10%，填空及改错10%，阅读40%，写作和翻译40%。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本