第四章
为在平等互利的基础上发展贸易，有关方按下列条件签订本协议：This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows:
1. 订约人Contracting Parties
供货人（以下称甲方）：销售代理人（以下称乙方）：
甲方委托乙方为销售代理人，推销下列商品。
Supplier: （hereinafter called “party A”）
Agent:（hereinafter called “party B”）
Party A hereby appoint Party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below.
2. Commodity and Quantity: Party A hereby appoints Party B as its Sole Agent for the sale of …Party B shall undertake to sell the aforesaid commodity not less than 1,000,000m/tons in the duration of this agreement.
甲方委任乙方为某商品的独家销售代理人…乙方保证在协议期间销售上述商品不少于1000000吨。
3.经销地区Territory 只限在.....。In ... only.
4. Confirmation of Orders：The quantities, prices and dates of shipments of the shipment concerning the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed in each transaction, the particulars of which will be shown in Party A’s S/C.
协议商品的有关数量、价格和装船期，应在逐笔交易中确认，其细节详见甲方销货确认书。
5. 付款Payment
After confirmation of the order, Party B shall arrange to open a confirmed, irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight in favour of Party A within the time stipulated in the relevant S/C. Party B shall also notify Party A immediately after L/C is opened, so that Party A may make preparations for shipment. 在订单确认后，乙方应于有关销货确认书规定的时间内，安排开立以甲方为受益人的、百分之百金额的、不可撤销的即期信用证。并于开证后立即通知甲方以便甲方准备装运。
6. 佣金Commission
A …per cent (…%) commission on invoice value against each shipment will be remitted to Party
B by Party A after receipt of the payment.
甲方于收妥货款后，按每批货物发票价值的百分之…向乙方汇付佣金。
7. 市场情况报告Reports on Market Conditions
Party B shall have the obligation to forward once every three months to party A detailed reports on current market conditions and of consumers' comments. Meanwhile, Party B shall, from time to time, send to party A samples of similar commodities offered by other suppliers, together with their prices, sales information and advertising material.
乙方有义务每三个月向甲方寄送一次详细的报告，反映当地的市场情况和消费者意见。乙方还应随时将其他供货人所报同样商品的样品，连同其价格、销售情况、广告资料等寄给甲方参考。
8. 宣传广告费用Advertising & Publicity Expenses
Party B shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity within the aforementioned territory in the duration of this Agreement and submit to Party A all drafts and/or drawings intended for such purposes for prior approval. 乙方应负担协
议期在上述地区的一切广告宣传费用。所有用作广告宣传的草稿和绘图必须送交甲方取得事前同意。
9. 协议有效期Validity of Agreement
This Agreement, when duly signed by the parties concerned, shall remain in force for... to be effective as from ..to..If a renewal of this Agreement is desired, notice in writing shall be given by either party one month prior to its expiry. Should one of the parties fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement. 本协议经有关双方签字后保持有效…年，从某日期起到某日期止。如果一方需要延长协议，必须在满期前一个月书面通知另一方。如果一方未能履行协议条款，另一方有权终止本协议。
10. 仲裁Arbitration
All disputes arising from the execution of this Agreement shall be settled through negotiation between both parties. In the event that no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing, in accordance with its rules of Arbitration. The decision made by this Commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties. 凡执行协议引起的一切争议，应通过双方协商解决。如协商不成，应提交北京中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，按其仲裁程序暂行规定则进行仲裁。该委员会的裁决是终局的，并约束双方。
11. 其他条款Other Terms & Conditions
(1) Party A shall not supply the contracted commodity to any other buyer(s) in the above mentioned territory. Direct enquiries, if any, will be referred to Party B.
However, should any other buyers wish to deal with Party A directly, Party A may do so. But party A shall send to Party B a copy of Sales Confirmation and give Party B...% commission on the basis of the net invoice value of the transaction concluded. 甲方不应向上述地区的其他客户供应协议商品。如有任何直接询盘均要转介乙方。但是，如有任何客户坚持要与甲方直接交易，甲方有权直接成交。在后一情况下，甲方应送给乙方销货确认书副本一份，并按该笔交易发票净值的百分之……为乙方保留佣金。
(2) Should Party B fail to pass on his orders to Party A in a period of ... months for a minimum of ..., Party A shall not bind himself to this Agreement. 如果乙方未能在…..月内向甲方寄送至少某某数量或金额的订单，则甲方不再受本协议的约束。
(3) For any business transacted between governments of both Parties, Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorized by Party A's government without binding himself to this Agreement. Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings nor shall Party B bring forward any demand for compensation or commission thereof. 对于双方政府间的交易，甲方有权按其政府授权直接成交而不受本协议的约束。乙方不应干涉这种直接交易，也不应对此提出索赔或佣金的要求。
(4) Other terms and conditions shall be subject to those specified in the S/C signed by both parties. 其他条款应以双方签订的正式销货确认书为准。
This Agreement is made out in quadruplicate, each Party holding two copies. 本协议共写成一式四份，每方各执两份
第五章
A Summary of the Processing Terms 来料加工条款October 20, 20
Dear Sirs, 敬启者:
After three day’s discussion with your representatives about processing and assembling Color TV Sets, we have the pleasure of summarizing the essential points agreed upon as follows:
在与你方代表就加工装配彩色电视机进行了三天的讨论之后, 我们想把双方达成一致的要点概括如下:
1. We have agreed to process and assemble. . . Color TV sets within two years.我方同意在两年内加工装配彩色电视机??台。
2. You have agreed to provide us with materials, components, necessary equipment and tools, as well as the relevant technical data and blue prints needed for doing the processing and assembling.
你方同意向我方提供材料、部件、必需的设备和工具以及加工装配需要的技术资料和蓝图。
3. After processing and assembling the materials and components into finished products (Color TV Sets), we shall deliver once a month . . . sets to you or other firms designated by you. The shipping expenses for the finished products shall be for your account.
把材料、部件加工装配成为彩电成品后, 我方每月一次向你方或你方指定的其他商号交付彩电??台。运送成品的各种费用由你方负担。
4.The supplied materials and components shall be delivered to our warehouse at your expense. If any defect is found in the materials and components supplied by you, we will advise you of it immediately, and you will send over replacements in time. The allowance for damage to materials and components in the course of processing and assembling is 2. 5%.
你方应将所提供的材料和部件自费送到我方仓库。如果发现来料来件有缺点, 我方将立即通知你方及时调换。在加工装配过程中, 材料、部件的损坏率为2. 5% 。
5. The processing and assembling charges for each set are HK＄. . . and the payment is to be made by sight L/C to be opened by you not later than 30 days before shipment. 加工装配费为每台??港元。在成品装船30 天前由你方开出即期信用证付款。
6. Insurance for the materials, components and finished or semi-finished products while in our warehouse or factory premises, and for finished products during transit from Zhuhai to destination is to be taken care of by us on your behalf. The insurance premium shall be for your account.
材料、部件、成品、半成品存放在我方仓库或厂房时, 以及彩电由珠海运往目的港时, 保险均由我方代办, 但保险费则由你方负担。
7. The finished products are to be packed each set in a cardboard box and cardboard boxes to a wooden case suitable for export. The packing charges are to be borne by us. 彩电每台均用纸板箱包装; 每??个纸板箱装入一个适合出口的木箱。包装费由我方负担。
8. If loss is incurred due to your failure to provide the materials and components, or our failure to deliver the finished products in time as contracted, the responsible Party shall compensate the other Party for the loss sustained.
如果由于你方未能按合同及时来料来件或我方未能按合同及时交货而造成损失时, 应负责任的一方必须向另一方赔偿所受的损失。
9. You shall send over at your expense 4 technicians and 2 administrative staff members to our factory to render technical assistance during processing and
assembling, inspect the finished products and take them over before delivery. On taking over the products, your representatives shall give us a RECEIPT certifying that the finished products have been inspected and found to be up to the standard required by Contract.
你方应自费派遣四名技术员和两名行政人员到我方工厂为加工装配提供技术援助,并在交接货物之前验收成品。你方代表在接收成品时应开具收条, 证明成品经检验达到合同要求的标准。
10. After expiration of the contracted period of two years, the supplied equipment and tools will become our property free of charge.
If you confirm that the above are the essential points on which your representatives have agreed with us, kindly let us have your tele-reply so that we can get the Contract ready for signature when you come to Zhuhai next week.
在两年的合同期满后, 所提供的设备和工具将免费成为我方所有。
如果你方确认你方代表已与我方达成了上述要点, 请即电复, 以便我们准备好合同, 在您下周来珠海时签字。Yours faithfully,
第六章
Agreement on Compensation Trade 补偿贸易协议
The undersigned representatives of Party A and Party B have agreed to conclude this Agreement according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:
在下面签名的甲乙双方代表同意订立本协议, 其条款如下:
1. Commodity: 商品:
(1) Party A undertakes to supply in one shipment a complete set of Equipment for asparagus processing line, the details of which are shown in the attached List A.
甲方保证整批供应芦笋加工全套设备, 细节详见附表一。
( 2 ) Party B undertakes to compensate Party A for the contract amount by exporting in two lots 3, 000 cartons Canned Asparagus. Specifications are detailed in the attached List B.
乙方保证出口两批共3 000 纸箱芦笋罐头以向甲方补偿设备合同金额。规格详见附表二。2. Price: 价格:
( 1 ) At J ￥22, 200, 000. 00 per set of Equipment CFR Qingdao consisting of:
加工设备每套的成本加运费到青岛价格为2 220 万日元, 包括:
J ￥20, 300 , 000. 00 FOB Yokohama 横滨离岸价 2 030 万日元
J ￥950, 000. 00 Ocean Freight 海洋运费95 万日元
J ￥950, 000. 00 Interest 利息95 万日元
( 2 ) At J ￥7, 400. 00 per carton of Canned Asparagus FOB Qingdao
芦笋罐头每纸箱青岛离岸价7 400 日元。
3. Time of Shipment: 装船期:
( 1 ) By the end of February, 20 ( for Equipment) 加工设备在20 年底; ( 2 ) During July /August, 20 ( for Canned Asparagus)
芦笋罐头在20 年七、八月份。
4. Port of Shipment: 装货港:
( 1 ) Yokohama, Japan ( for Equipment) 加工设备在日本横滨;
( 2 ) Qingdao, China ( for Canned Asparagus) 芦笋罐头在中国青岛。
5. Port of Destination: 目的港:
( 1 ) Qingdao, China ( for Equipment) 加工设备到中国青岛;
第四章 为在平等互利的基础上发展贸易，有关方按下列条件签订本协议：This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows: 1. 订约人Contracting Parties 供货人（以下称甲方）：销售代理人（以下称乙方）： 甲方委托乙方为销售代理人，推销下列商品。 Supplier: （hereinafter called “party A”） Agent:（hereinafter called “party B”） Party A hereby appoint Party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below. 2. Commodity and Quantity: Party A hereby appoints Party B as its Sole Agent for the sale of …Party B shall undertake to sell the aforesaid commodity not less than 1,000,000m/tons in the duration of this agreement. 甲方委任乙方为某商品的独家销售代理人…乙方保证在协议期间销售上述商品不少于1000000吨。 3.经销地区Territory 只限在.....。In ... only. 4. Confirmation of Orders：The quantities, prices and dates of shipments of the shipment concerning the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed in each transaction, the particulars of which will be shown in Party A’s S/C. 协议商品的有关数量、价格和装船期，应在逐笔交易中确认，其细节详见甲方销货确认书。 5. 付款Payment
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 英语合同的特点和翻译 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
一.用词特点与翻译要点 合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性1.要求选词专业化（professional）,正式（formal）. 准确（accurate）.具体体现在下列方面： 1, may, shall, must, may not （或shall not）的使用 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候）， must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not（或shall not）用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。May not do在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do或must not，但 may do不能。 2, 用语正式（formal） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，如"因为"的短语多用" by virtue of ",远远多于"due to" 一般不用a because of;" 财务年度末 "一般用"at the close of the fiscal year",而不用"in the end of the fiscal year";"在之前"一 般用 ................... "prior to ",而不用"before"; 关于 "常用" as regards’, concerning '或"relating to ",而不会用"about";"事实上" 用"in effect",而不用"in fact":"开始" 用 "commencement",而不用"start"或"begin";"停止做" 用"cease to do",而不用"stop to do";何时开会并由某 某主持"的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中"召开" 不用"hold 或call",而用"convene";"主持’不用"chair" 或"be in charge of "而用"preside";"其他事项" 用"miscellaneous",而不用"other matters/events"; 理解合同"用"construe a contract"或"comprehend a contract"或"comprehend a contract",而不用"understand a contract";"认为"用"deem",用"consider"少，不用”think”或"believe". 3, 用词专业（technical） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的” 瑕疵”，”救济“，“不可抗力”，“管辖”，“毁损”，“失业”等就可能让非行业人士费 解，在英语以上表达分另U为defect ,remedy, force 马绝热，jurisdiction , damage and/or loss。 另夕卜几乎每个合同者E 少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby,用"compensation"; 不动产转让 " 用"conveyance",而不用"transfer of real estate";"房屋出租"用"tendency",而"财产出租"用"lease of property";"停止"用"wind up a business" 或"cease （名词是cessation） a business,而不用"end/stop a business"; 依照合同相关规定“或一般说"pursuant to provisions contained herein"或"as provided herein" 等，不说'according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract ”。 4, 同义词，近义词，相关词的并列使用 英文合同出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，made and entered into", by and between", for and in consideration of", covenants and agreements", 6n the terms and subject to the conditions" terms and conditions" "release and discharge' 5, 古英语与外来词的应用（borrowing words） 使用古英语最为突出的是较多使用here, there, where加后缀in, by after, from 等介词构成的 词。在法律文件中用这些词，可以避免重复，避免歧义，使行文准确，简洁。常用例词 如下: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith, whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc. 合同中也会使用一些外来词汇，常用的有拉丁语和法语词汇。如比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多；从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer,不经常用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用agent ad litem
合同翻译（做了多年翻译都白翻了） 合同翻译（做了这么久兼职翻译，尼玛终于 找到教程了！源自北外高翻） 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规 定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3： This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as
合同 CONTRACT Contract No./合同编号： Conclusion Date/签订日期： Conclusion Place/签订地点： The Saller卖方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： The Buyer买方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： 1. This Contract is made by a nd between the Buyer a nd the Seller; whereby the Buyer agrees to buy a nd the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodities （to be referred to as “goods” hereunder）to the terms a nd conditions stipulated below: 本合同由卖方与买方共同签订，双方同意按照下列条款由卖方出售、买方购进下列货物: 2．Terms of Delivery/价格术语: FOB/CIF/CFR/ . The term FOB/CIF/CFR/ shall be subject to the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein. 除非本合同另有规定，价格术语FOB/CIF/CFR/ 应适用国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS 2000）》。 3． Country of Origin a nd Manufacturers/原产国和制造厂商 3.1 Country of Origin:
P-10 This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and Buyers whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: （兹经买卖双方同意由卖方出售买方购进下列货物，并按下列条款签订本合同：） (The Sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less and the price shall be calculated according to the unit price.)（卖方可多装或少装5%，价格仍按上述单价计算） 3.Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks & War Risk as per the relevant O cean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China. If other coverage or an additional amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyers. 保险：由卖方按中国人民保险公司海运输货物条款照发票金额总值110%投保一切险及战争险。如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意，所增加的保险费由买方负担。 7.Terms and Payment: The Buyers shall open with a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Sellers 30 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the month of shipment. 付款条件：买方应由卖方可接受的银行于装运月份前30天开立并送达卖方不可撤销的即期信用证，至装运月份后第15天在中国议付有效. 8. Commodity Inspection: It is mutually agreed that certificate of Quality and Weight issued by the Chinese Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment shall be taken as the basis of delivery. 商品检验：买卖双方同意以装运口岸中国进出口商品检验局签发的品质和重量检验证书作为品质和数量的交货依据. 9.异议和索赔：买方对于装运货物的任何索赔，必须于货到目的港后30天内提出，并须提供经卖方同意的公证机构出具的检验报告，属于保险公司或轮船公司责任范围的索赔，卖方不予受理. Discrepancy and Claim: Any claim by the Buyers on the goods shipped shall be filed within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination and supported by a survey report issued by a public surveyor approved by the Sellers. Claims in respect of matters within the responsibility of the insurance company or of the shipping company will not be considered or entertained by the Sellers. 10不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使卖方不能全部或者部分装运或延迟装运合同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传通知买方，并须在15天以内以航空挂号信件向买方提交事故发生地权威机构出具的证明此类事故的证明书。 Force majeure: If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force majeure, the Sellers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this contract. However, the sellers shall notify the buyers by fax or telex and furnish the later within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent authorities at the place of occurrence attesting such event or events. 11.仲裁:凡因执行本合同所发生的或于本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如果协商不能解决时，应提交北京中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。仲裁是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。
【摘要】商务合同是商业法人之间为实现一定的经济目的、明确相互权利义务的一种文体。商务合同英语属半法律性语言，用词准确、正式、严谨，具有鲜明文体意义。本文基于典型实例分析，探讨了商务英文合同的词汇特征及翻译方法。 【关键词】商务英文合同词汇特征翻译 商务合同是商品经济的产物，它随着商品经济的产生而产生，也随着商品经济的发展而发展，是商品交换关系在法律上的体现，受到国家法律的承认和保护。在世界经济全球化和一体化的今天，国际商务活动日益频繁，贸易国法人之间为实现一定的经济利益而签订的明确规定了贸易双方的权利和义务，具有法律效力的文件——国际商务合同的重要性也越来越突出。商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点，同时也具有法律英语的特点。本文拟从庄重正式、准确严谨和简洁明了三个角度阐述分析商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译方法。 一、庄重正式 Martin Joos按照语言使用的正式程度提出了英语的五种变体，即庄重文体(frozen style)，正式文体(formal style)，商议文体（consultative style），随便文体(casual style)和亲密文体(intimate style)。一般认为商务合同英语属庄重文体，即五种变体英语中正式程度最高的一种。商务英文合同的庄重正式的词汇特征体现在专业术语和外来词古体词的使用上。 1.商务专业术语 专业术语(technical term留学生论文网https://www.doczj.com/doc/1d3653342.html, s)具有鲜明的文体特色。其意义精确、单一、无歧义，且不带有个人感情色彩。为了准确描述商务活动中的各个交易环节以及与此相关的各类单据，商务合同英语文体中使用了大量表意清楚的商务专业术语。例如，policy（保险单），negotiable（可转让的），liability（责任、义务），right of recourse （追索权），factoring（保理）等。这些专业术语可避免冗长的解释，简化交易过程，提高工作效率。 2.法律专业术语 为了准确描述商务活动中交易双方各自的权利与义务，商务合同英语中也使用了较多的法律专业的术语。狭义的法律术语指仅出现在或大多数情况下出现在法律文件中的法律科学的特有术语，此意义上的法律术语在商务合同文体中的数量不多，如：imputed negligence (转嫁的过失责任)特指可向与行为人有利害关系的人或有合同关系的另一方追究责任的过失。商务合同中这类狭义的法律专业术语不以大众是否理解或接受为转移，它是商务合同语言准确表达的保障，是其独有的现象。而广义的法律术语则包括在法律文体中被赋予特定法律意义的常用词语，如action(诉讼)，party(当事人)，financial responsibility(经济责任，指违约责任，具体可指“赔偿损失”、“支付违约金”和“支付迟延支付金额的利息”)。这类词语把握不准确的话很容易导致翻译和理解当中的模糊性，因此要格外留意。如，“The contract is concluded in case of acceptance of the offer.”很容易译为“提议一旦接受，合同随即订立。”而实际上，“acceptance”与“offer”是合同法中两个重要的法律术语，其规范的译文分别为“承诺”、“要约”，前者是指受要约人对要约内容表同意，而后者则指一方希望与另一方订立合同。 3.外来词和古体词 商务合同英语中使用的商务类专业术语有不少源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成，许多术语都有相同的前缀或后缀。它们的意义比较稳定，利于精确地表达概念，例如：ad valorem duty (拉丁语)从价(关)税，bona fide holder (拉丁语)汇票的善意持票人，pro rata tax rate比例税率(拉丁语，即proportional tax rate)，insurance premium per capita (拉丁语)人均保险费，force majeure(法语)不可抗力，pro forma (拉丁语)估算表。
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿ This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿ 19＿, BETWEEN ＿(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the
对外经贸英语合同写作 第七章商品包装条款 商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动，具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。在商品贸易中，除少数商品不需要包装，可直接采用散装(bulk cargo,cargo in bulk）、裸装((Nude cargo)形式运输、储存外，绝大多数都需要包装。商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动，具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。在商品贸易中，除少数商品不需要包装，可直接采用散装、裸装形式运输、储存外，绝大多数都需要包装。包装条款（Packing Clause）一般包括包装材料（Packing materials）、包装方式（Packing style）、包装规格（Packing description）、包装标志和包装费用的负担等内容。 包装为达到坚固与耐抗的目的，应符合下列要求①减少漏损(Minimixe the leakage ＆breakage)、②耐抗各种气候(Resist the various climate condition)、③防止偷窃(Protect theft ＆piferage)。 避免出现“包装不良”(Insufficient packing) 一、包装的种类 （一）运输包装（packingfor shipment) 运输包装，又称外包装（outer packing )或大包装(big packing)。主要是用于保护商品，防止货损或货差，便于装卸搬运。运输包装分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装两类。 1.单件运输包装(single packing for shipment) 单件运输包装是指货物在运输过程中作为一个计件单位的包装。按其包装造型的不同，可分为以下几种： 1）箱装。 主要有纸箱包装、木箱包装、塑料箱包装等。箱内一般还衬用防潮纸或塑料薄膜，有时还村有锌箔( Zinclined）或锡箔(Tinlined) 。箱外通常加打包装条或塑料带。 ①箱(Case, box) c/-,c/s, bx, bxs, wooden case ②crate(crs,crts) 板条箱，柳条箱/格子箱，漏孔箱（skeleton case) ③chest(cst, csts) 茶箱 ④carton(crt,crts) 纸箱 2）捆（bale) 3) 袋装(bag) 布袋(sack，sx,sxs)、麻袋(gunny bag)、纸袋(paper bag)、塑料袋(polybag)、塑料编织袋(Plastic woven bag )、纸塑复合袋(paper plastic compound bag) 、多层塑复合袋(multi-layer composite plastic bags)等。 4)桶装(barrel)
商务合同英译的注意事项(实例版) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice与shipping instruction sshipping advice是“装运通知”，是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”，是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)，consignor(发货人)与consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 2.2abide by与comply with
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
中文摘要 在国际经济贸易活动中，商务合同是一种重要的法律文件依据,商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同英语，从而准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同。这种需求随着中国加入WTO （世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。国际商务合同的种类繁多，涉及面广，内容复杂。这类合同都是涉外交易性质，需要英汉两种版本，因此大多需要翻译。商务合同有其自身的特点，即条理性、规范性和专业性。商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求，也增加了其难度。本文用大量的例句，对商务合同英语的准确性、严谨性、规范性及翻译技巧与内容的完善还有翻译中常见错误、成因及其对策等作了全面分析和论述，并分析其翻译方面所应注意的问题。 关键词：国际商务合同；翻译；原则；准确性；严谨性；规范性 ON THE TRANSLATION OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONTRACTS Abstract In the activities of international business trade, business contract has become an important legal document. Nowadays, business English has become not only a necessary tool for communication, but also the base of English business contracts. More and more English-learners and law-majors hope they can know something about English business contracts so as to understand them correctly, translate them exactly and make them perfectly. China’s entering the WTO enhances their desire to use English to solve the problems of business contracts. There are many different kinds of international business contracts, whose contents are diversified and complicated. In international trade, translation is compulsory since contracts usually need two versions: English and Chinese. The international business contract has its own characters, such as proper arrangement, standardization and specialty. All these make the translation of them very difficult and thus demand good skills to ensure a high quality. This article analyzes the preciseness, strictness and standardization of business contracts and explores the skills of translating them by citing many examples. It also points out some common translation errors, the reasons and the methods to correct the errors. Finally some advice is given to call readers attention to the problems in translation. Key words: international business contract; translation; principle; preciseness; strictness; standardization 一、前言 在世界经济阔步迈向21 世纪的今天，国际经济贸易活动日益频繁，改革的中国正积极投身于国际经济贸易活动中。在这一全球贸易过程中商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。在当今社会经济生活中，公民、法人和其他组织有时候会直接遇到等待签署的英语合同。对律师、法律顾问等法律专业人士来说，实际工作中会遇到需要审查和修改的英语合同，有时候会遇到要求其拿出中文合同的英文翻译稿，甚至要求直接用英语草拟英文合同的情形。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同的英语，准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同的真功夫。这种需求随着中国加入WTO（世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。 合同，也叫契约。“契”，即意思相投或相合，“约”是用语言或文字互定共守的条件。合同的意思是愿意订立共同遵守的条件、合作共事。《中华人民共和国民法通则》第85条规定：“合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议”（A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish,change,terminate their civil relationship）。而国际