TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIME LIMIT: 190MIN
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)
略
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.
TEXT A
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people she seemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married the doctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.
The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large. When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden balls as large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods. He smoked a cob pipe and after his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window that was covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day in August he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.
Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy there were the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the Heffner Block above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly, building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth he erected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have the truths to erect other pyramids.
Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes for ten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at the knees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pockets into which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scraps of paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled he dumped them out upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another old man named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood, old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threw them at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering old sentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.
The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girl who became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It is delicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards of Winesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard with frost underfoot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. They have been put in barrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten in apartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers have rejected. They look like the knuckles of Doctor Re efy? s hands. One nibbles at them and they are delicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gathered all of its sweetness. One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground picking the gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the few know the sweetness of the twisted apples.
The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summer afternoon. He was forty-five then and already he had begun the practice of filling his pockets with the scraps of paper that became hard balls and were thrown away. The habit had been formed as he sat in his buggy behind the jaded grey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were written thoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.
One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out of many of them he formed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truth clouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the little thoughts began again.
The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in the family way and had become frightened. She was in that condition because of a series of circumstances also curious.
The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land that had come down to her had set a train of suitors on her heels. For two years she saw suitors almost every evening. Except two they were all alike. They talked to her of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voices and in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were much unlike each other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son of a jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with her he was never off the subject. The other, a black-haired boy with large ears, said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where he began to kiss her.
For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry the jeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her and then she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity she began to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times it seemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. She imagined him turning it slowly about in the white hands and staring at it. At night she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws were dripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way to the one who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actually did bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed...-..-.
After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed to her that she never wanted to leave him again. She went into his office one morning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened to her.
In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the man who kept the bookstore in Winesburg.
Like all old-fashioned country practitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held a handkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when the tooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's white dress. The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the woman and the man had gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country with me," he said.
For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were together almost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in an illness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twisted apples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon the round perfect fruit that is eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of her acquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following spring she died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughts he had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed and stuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.
11.According to the story Doctor Reefy?s life seems very ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. eccentric
B. normal
C. enjoyable
D. optimistic
12.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the family way. The phrase “in the family way”means ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. troubled
B. Pregnant
C. twisted
D. cheated
13.Doctor Reef lives a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿life.
A. happy
B. miserable
C. easy-going
D. reckless
14. The tall dark girl?s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a ＿＿＿＿＿one.
A. transient
B. understandable
C. perfect
D. funny
15. Doctor Reef?s paper balls probably symbolize his ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A eagerness to shut himself away from society
B suppressed desire to communicate with people
C optimism about life
D cynical attitude towards life
Text B
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway?s Cottage, Shakespeare?s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC?s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It?s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise - making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side –don?t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight - seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don?t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can?t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they?ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford?s most attractive clientele. They come entirel y for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
16. From the first two paragraphs , we learn that
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ? s contribution to the town?s revenue
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
17. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
18. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
C. the town is not really short of money
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
19. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
B. the company is financially ill-managed
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise
20. From the text we can conclude that the author
A. is supportive of both sides
B. favors the townsfolk?s view
C. takes a detached attitude
D. is sympathetic to the RSC.
Text C
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement -utopian socialism-- which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls. New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism. European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
21.It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the Unrated: States as "solitary" to be
A insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought
B overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848
C not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope
D insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference
22.According to the passage, which of the following
is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights?
A It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.
B It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.
C It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.
D It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism
23.The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians
is primarily one of
A approval of the specific focus of their research
B disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians' energy after 1832
C approval of their general focus on social conditions
D disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts
24. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study
A would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminism
B would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feminists
C would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832
D promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 1848
25. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?
A A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education
B A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status
C A society in which women did not enter public life
D A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power
Text D
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.
Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.
26. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to
A curious
B unhappy
C thoughtful
D uncertain
27. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to
A differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of it
B upport Darwin's theory of evolution
C provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood
D contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions
28. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to
A estimate
B agree
C expect
D understand
29. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of
New Guinea?
A They did not want to be shown photographs.
B They were famous for their story-telling skills.
C They knew very little about Western culture.
D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.
30. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?
A They would become less intense.
B They would last longer than usual.
C They would cause problems later.
D They would become more negative.
Part III GENERAL KZNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
There are ten multi-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answer on your colored answer sheet.
31. _____________________ is the world?s largest expor ter of lamb and mutton.
A. New Zealand
B. Australia
C. Canada
D. America
32. _____________________ is popularly known in the West as the Land Down Under.
A. Britain
B. Canada
C. Australia
D. New Zealand
33. Shakespeare wrote all the following works EXCEPT ____________________.
A. Hamlet
B. King Lear
C. Othello
D. Wuthering Heights
34. Mark Twain is most famous for ____________________________________.
A. poems
B. Novels
C. Dramas
D. science fiction
35. ______________________________was NOT written by Charles Dickens.
A. David Copperfield
B. Oliver Twist、
C. Sons and Lovers
D. A Tale of Two Cities
36. British prime minister normally serves a ______ term.
A. two-year
B. five-year
C. four-year
D. six-year
37. __________________________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.
A. New England
B. the South
C. the West
D. the Midwest
38. Semantics is the study of ______________________.
A. linguistic competence
B. language functions
C. meanings
D. social behavior
39. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?
A. syntax
B. semantics
C. phonology
D. etiology
40. TG grammar was advanced by_______________________________.
A. Searle
B. Whorf
C. Halliday
D. Noam Chomsky
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
照相是一种既兼并客观世界，又表达独特自我的技术。照片描绘业已存在的客观现实，不过只有造相机才能揭示这种客观现实。照片反映个别摄影者的气质，这种气质是通过照相机剪裁现实而显示出来的。那就是说，摄影术有两个相互对立的观念：第一，摄影术是反映世界的，摄影者只不过是无足轻重的观察者；第二，摄影术是无畏探索的主观性的手段，摄影者决定一切。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
There are few words which are used more loosely than the word …civilization?. What does it mean? It means a society based upon the opinion of civilians. It means that violence, the rule of warriors and despotic chiefs, the conditions of camps and warfare, of riot and tyranny, give place to parliaments where laws are made, and independent courts of justice in which over long periods those laws are maintained. That is Civilization ---and in its soil grow continually freedom, comfort and culture. When Civilization reigns in any country, a wider and less harassed life is afforded to the masses of the people, the traditions of the past are cherished, and the inheritance bequeathed to us by former wise or valiant men becomes a rich estate to be enjoyed and used by all.
PART IV WRITING (45 MIN)
Throughout our life, we are more often than not faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently. What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
第一章五四文学革命 1、1917年1月《新青年》刊出胡适的《文学改良刍议》，从“八事”入手（须言之有物、不摹仿古人、须讲究文法、不作无病之呻吟、务去滥调套语、不用典、不讲对仗、不避俗字俗语） 2、1917年2月《新青年》发表陈独秀《文学革命论》，明确提出“三大主义”，陈独秀把晚清以来的文学革命运动推向了高潮。 3、钱玄同在致《新青年》的信中，以语言进化的角度说明白话取代文言的历史必然性，刘半农与钱玄同（化名为王敬轩）在《新青年》上发表了“双簧信”。 4、周作人发表《人的文学》，从人性、人道主义的角度来要求新文学的内容，倡导新文学内容要从“肉”与“灵”的统一中去表现“人”；在另一篇《平民文学》中提出“人生的艺术派主张”，又提出“以真为主，美即在其中”的创作准则。 5、文学革命的实绩最主要在于创作，文学革命带来文学观念、内容、语言载体、形式各方面全面的革新与解放。 【《学衡》派： 1、发起人及时间地点：1922年，南京东南大学的梅光迪、胡先骕、吴宓等创办了《学衡》杂志，因诸人观点态度相近，被称为《学衡》派 2、主张：尊崇中国的古圣贤者，以融贯中西古今的姿态，标榜“昌明国粹，融化新知，以中正之眼光，行批评之职事”，反对新文化运动和文学革命，思想稳健保守，是“穿西装的复古派”。 3、代表作：梅光迪《评提倡新文化者》；吴宓、胡先骕《论新文化运动》《评<尝试集>》】（3）新文化阵营与章士钊《甲寅》上的复古论调的论争。 13、五四文学革命的历史意义： （1）自晚清以来的被压抑着的现代性获得了最大的生机，形成了新的文化与文学观念，开创了新的主题领域与人物形象谱系； （2）五四文学革命全面革新文学语言、文体形式，奠定了20世纪中国文学的基本审美价值取向和多元并存的接受心理基础； （3）五四文学增添了世界维度，建立了中国文学与世界文学的密切关系，自觉的借鉴、吸收外国文学及文化的营养，形成了面向世界而又有本土特点的开放性现代文学； （4）五四形成的现代作家队伍是以后半个多世纪的文学创作的主体力量，这批作家和他们开创的文学内容及形式形成了新的现代传统，这一传统的赓续是文学现代性的基本保证。第二章20年代小说（一） 1、问题小说代表作家：叶绍钧、许地山、冰心、王统照、庐隐等 （1）冰心：“爱的三部曲”《超人》、《烦闷》、《悟》，其中《超人》（1921）标志着冰心对社会问题开出了她的“药方”，这就是“爱的哲学”（爱、童心、自然是“爱的哲学之鼎的三足”）（2）庐隐：中篇《海滨故人》《或人的悲哀》；短篇《丽石的日记》；长篇《象牙戒指》《女人的心》《归雁》《云鸥情书集》《庐隐自传》等，风格感伤，基调悲戚，与郁达夫同为新文学抒情小说开拓者。 （3）王统照：最重要的长篇小说《山雨》（1933） （4）叶绍钧：20年代出版了《隔膜》《城中》等5个短篇小说集；《倪焕之》（1928）是其唯一长篇小说，显示现实主义趋向，被誉为“扛鼎的工作”。 叶绍钧小说以灰色人生的冷静观察和客观描写，表现了写实主义特征。同时与讽刺兼备，是叶绍钧对小市民知识分子用笔的基本特色。 叶绍钧还是现代中国童话的开山者。鲁迅对其评价：“叶绍钧先生的《稻草人》是给中国的童话开出了一条自己的创作的路的。”
专业英语八级改错练习题及答案解析(30) Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of particular kind is actually taking place around us and is more and more manifesting. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by mean of speech. With the invention of writing, knowledge could be communicated and stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in turn added libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly risen. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan.However, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called “modern civilization” is not the result of a balanced development of all man’s nature, but not of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? Like is often pointed out, knowledge is a two edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil. It is now being frequently used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, clo se at hand, surgeons use it to restore them. 1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________ 4 ________ 5 ________ 6 ________ 7 ________ 8 ________ 9 ________ 10 _______
《财会专业英语》期终试卷 I.Put the following into corresponding groups. (15 points) 1.Cash on hand 2.Notes receivable 3.Advances to suppliers 4. Other receivables 5.Short-term loans 6.Intangible assets 7.Cost of production 8.Current year profit 9. Capital reserve 10.Long-term loans 11.Other payables 12. Con-operating expenses 13.Financial expenses 14.Cost of sale 15. Accrued payroll II.Please find the best answers to the following questions. (25 Points) 1. Aftin Co. performs services on account when Aftin collects the account receivable A.assets increase B.assets do not change C.owner’s equity d ecreases D.liabilities decrease 2. A balance sheet report . A. the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity on a particular date B. the change in the owner’s capital during the period C. the cash receipt and cash payment during the period D. the difference between revenues and expenses during the period 3. The following information about the assets and liabilities at the end of 20 x 1 and 20 x 2 is given below: 20 x 1 20 x 2 Assets $ 75,000 $ 90,000 Liabilities 36,000 45,000 how much the owner’sequity at the end of 20 x 2 ? A.$ 4,500 B.$ 6,000 C.$ 45,000 D.$ 43,000
《中国现代文学史》上学期复习习题集 一、填空题 1.1917年1月，《新青年》发表胡适的《文学改良刍议》这是倡导文学革命的第一篇理论文章。 2.鸳鸯蝴蝶派的主流是言情小说，还有一个坏的支流，就是黑幕小说。专以揭露阴私、进行人身攻击为能，钱玄同、周作人曾撰文加以批判。 3."五四"时期是郭沫若的诗情爆发期，诗集《女神》便是它喷发出来的璀璨珠玉。 4.梁启超的《论小说与群治之关系》一文提升了小说的社会地位和社会作用。 5.1921年成立的创造社是新文化运动高潮期出现的浪漫主义文学社团。 6.湖畔诗社是1922年成立的新诗团体，主要成员有应修人、潘漠华、冯雪峰、汪静之等。 7.《昨日之歌》是冯至在诗坛上确立地位的第一部诗集。 8.1918年周作人发表《人的文学》和《平民文学》，反对非人的文学，强调平民文学要写世间普通男女的悲欢成败。 9.1921年1月成立于北京的文学研究会，是文学革命后出现的第一个新文学社团。 10.在初期象征诗派诗人中，李金发是全面探索象征主义诗歌理论，并全力创作、实验象征主义诗歌的探路者。 11.1925年“五卅”运动之后，是为创造社后期，主干人物思想发生变化，宣传和倡导无产阶级革命文学。 12.郭沫若历史剧创作的黄金时期是在抗日战争时期，在短短的几年内，他连续创作了《棠棣之花》、《屈原》、《虎符》、《高渐离》、《孔雀胆》、《南冠草》六部大型历史剧，引起了极大的轰动。 13.浅草（沉钟）社1922年成立于上海，主要成员有林如稷、陈炜谟、陈翔鹤、冯至等。 14、如果说《女神》是郭沫若诗歌的“呐喊”，那么写于1921、1922年间的《星空》就是郭沫若诗歌的“彷徨”。 15.《野草》中的《腊叶》“是为爱我者的想要保存我而作的”(鲁迅自语)。 16.冰心的散文比她的小说、诗歌更有成就。1926年出版的《寄小读者》，为她赢得了很大的声誉，15年间发行了36版。 17.《弃妇》是李金发在国内最早发表的一首象征主义诗歌，为其代表作。 18.文学革命始于1917年，它是晚清文学改良运动在新的历史条件下的发展，是适应以思想革命为主要内容的新文化运动而发生的。 19.“五四”时期，处于新文学对立面的有两股文学思潮，一为以鸳鸯蝴蝶派为代表的游戏的消遣的文学思潮，一为封建复古主义思潮。 20.被“五四”的惊雷震上文坛的冰心，是以“问题小说”起步，表现了她探究人生意义的热忱的。 23.郁达夫《沉沦》集中的小说都以留日学生生活为题材，是“青年忧郁病的解剖”，奏出了作家此后一系列类似之作的感伤抒情基调。 24.1915年《新青年》的创刊，标志着反对旧思想旧道德、提倡民主和科学的新文化运动的开始。 25.鲁迅的散文诗集《野草》写于1924-26年间，是鲁迅思想矛盾加剧，进行上下求索时候的作品。
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析 About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____ University. The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____ within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____ families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____ the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____
ACCOUNTING ENGLISH Middle-of-term Test Papers PartⅠ.Translating the following terms 1、Notes to financial statements 2、Accounting elements 3、Variable costs 4、Economic entity 5、Depreciation expense 6、Deferred income taxes 7、Nominal accounts 8、ROA 9、LIFO 10、Work in process 11、现金收支 12、原材料 13、制造费用 14、相关性 15、持续经营 16、复式记账 17、优先股 18、预付费用 19、购货退回与折让 20、永续盘存制
PartⅡ.True or False 1、 The accounting process generates financial reports for both “internal ”and “external”users. 2、The balance sheet reflects the basic accounting equation and the means of financing the organization's assets. 3、The existence of Accounts Receivable on the Balance Sheet indicates that the company has one or more creditors. 4、Liabilities are classified and presented in increasing order of liquidity. 5、Working capital equals current assets less current liabilities. 6、Declaration of dividends reduces the retained earnings portion of the owners' equity of the corporation and creates a liabilities called Dividends Payable. 7、A chart of accounts is a listing of the titles of all accounts. 8、The cash basis of accounting often violates the matching rule. 9、Closing entries convert real and nominal accounts to zero balance. 10、The work sheet is published with the balance sheet and income statement, as a supplementary statement. 11、A company's sustainable growth rate is the highest growth rate in sales it can attain without issuing new stock. 12、Only rapidly growing firms have growth management problems.
A类问题 ①吴荪甫是半封建半殖民地这一特定历史环境中具有封建性的中国民族资产阶级的一个失败了的英雄形象，他 在几重挤压的环境下为求生存而形成的性格的多重性使得形象有多侧面的立体感：一，吴荪甫具有刚强和软弱这两个方面的性格，似强实弱，外强中干，他有英雄性的一面：在与帝国主义经济侵略的斗争中，表现出果敢、自信法兰西资产阶级式的性格。有发展中国独立的民族工业的雄才大略，有着活跃的生命力，刚毅顽强，果断的铁腕与魄力，更有现代科学管理的经营之才，也有非英雄的自私，怯弱甚至残酷。二，吴荪甫的性格充分显示出民族资产阶级的两重性：一方面对帝国主义、买办资产阶级、封建主义的不满；另一方面对工农运动和革命武装极端恐惧与仇视。一方面对统治阶级的腐败制度与军阀混战的局面不满；另一方面又依靠反动势力镇压工人农民运动它既有被压迫的一面也有压迫者的以一面。两重性使得他处在一个非常微妙的夹缝中，同时也决定了他命运的必然悲剧结局 ②觉慧是封建家庭大胆而勇敢的叛逆者，满怀热情的不成熟的革命者。大胆表现在：他受五四思想影响，以改 造天下为己任，积极参加社会活动，他热爱国家，追求科学与民主，不信神，反对专制主义，具有很强的民主精神，在学校里参加了反对军阀的学潮，和同学一起办反封建的刊物，在家里中，和鸣凤恋爱，支持觉民抗婚，怒斥“捉鬼”闹剧。他极端憎恨这个家庭，第一个冲出封建家庭的牢笼，成为封建家庭的叛逆者，代表着青年人追求真理的道路。幼稚表现在：他以个性解放为武器，对封建家庭的认识是个逐渐的过程，他的思想性格带有“五四”时期一般小资产阶级的知识分子的狂热性的弱点。他并不是彻底树立了无产阶级世界观，彻底背叛地主阶级的英雄，思想仍有少数剥削阶级的东西。觉慧是五四时期具有民主主义觉悟的知识青年形象，旧家庭礼教叛逆者的形象。 ③《日出》话剧剧本，四幕话剧，曹禺作于1935年，曾获《大公报》“文艺奖金”。《日出》是曹禺先生以30年 代初期半殖民地半封建社会中国大都市生活为背景的现实主义力作。《日出》以鲜明的时代性和深广的历史内容在曹禺剧作中居于领衔地位。剧本没有主角，而是以陈白露和方达生为中心，以陈的客厅和三等妓院宝和下处为活动场所，把社会各阶层各色人等的生活展现在观众面前，揭露剥削制度“损不足以奉有余”的本质。在艺术创作上，作者采用横断面的描写，力求写出社会生活的真实面貌，因而《日出》具有纪实性特点，一切都像生活本身而不像“戏”。《日出》的思想是暴露半殖民地大都市黑暗糜烂面，控诉“损不足以奉有余”的社会。主题：一、剧本通过对半殖民地都市群丑的出色描绘暴露社会的黑暗糜烂揭露金钱社会对人的毒化吞噬与残杀。 二、描绘“不足”者的备受欺凌。剧本描写了许多弱小者的悲惨命运，也描写了他们善良、忠厚和倔强的品性。 把“鬼”似的人们生活的天堂与“可怜的动物”生活的地狱加以强烈对照，揭露出这个现代社会的畸形，不公正。作品“用多少人生的零碎来阐明一个观念”，并且使戏剧冲突尽可能地趋于自然贴近生活本身，暴露了整个社会制度的罪恶，并表现出对光明未来的某种理解和向往，在《日出》中，要证明一个根本观念：在金钱欲望无孔不入的腐蚀之下，社会几人的精神本质都产生了极大的差异，任何人的命运乃至整个社会的命运都被金钱疯狂操纵着，“人道”与“天道”完全背离。 ④《北京人》1941年出版的三幕剧，显示了曹禺的戏剧创作艺术在40年代打到新的高度，《北》以曾家的经济衰 落为串联全局矛盾冲突，并透过这些冲突，深入封建家庭这一躯体深处，着力反映出封建主义精神统治对人的吞噬，人们在这种精神统治下对人生的追求，以及这种精神统治的破产。人物语言简洁凝练，具有委婉深长的抒情诗意，剧本运用了独具蕴涵的象征意象和手法，以“北京人”命名，囊括史前社会现实社会理想社会三种“北京人”，象征剧本主题的丰富含义。全剧吸收了中国古典文学的营养又具有契诃夫戏剧的现实主义特色，“平淡的人生的铺述”是该剧的主要特征，它标志着曹禺戏剧的民族风格达到了新的美学境界，是由“戏剧化的戏剧”生命向“生活化（散文化）的戏剧”生命的转变。 ⑤《月牙儿》是老舍根据自己被毁于战火的长篇小说《大明湖》的主要情节改写的，小说展示了母女两代相继被 沦为暗娼的悲剧，发出了对非人世界的血泪控诉。小说结构精致玲珑，描写精致入微，贯穿全作的“月牙儿” 犹如一首乐曲的主旋律，是主人公命运的诗意象征，具有渲染气氛，烘托意境，组织素材，含蓄点题等多重作用，既加强了情节的韵律感，又使小说从头至尾洋溢着一种凄清哀婉的情愫，颇有散文诗之风，其艺术魅力震撼人心，历久不衰，《月牙儿》还显示出老舍表现人物心理活动的功力，是新文学的短篇小说中的精品。
英语专业八级改错模拟练习及解析1 英语专业八级改错模拟练习及解析1英语专业八级改错模拟练习及解析1it can be tempt to hide from the people, places and tasks (1) which make life stressful. by removing you from the situa- (2) tion, it' s possible to find immediate relief-- and these sources (3) of stress will never go away unless we confront against them (4) being haunted by these stressors means that we can' t be re- laxed in the case the sources of stress return. (5) if avoiding stress triggers isn't such a good technique of dealing with stress, then what is? life experience teaches us (6) that whenever we need to master a new skill-- learning to swim, giving a public presentation, taking risks in front of others--it pays to take a deep breath, perhaps grit our teeth,
一、选择题 1、The four-stroke cycle operates in which order __C__. A. intake, exhaust, power, compression B. intake, power, compression, exhaust C. intake, compression, power, exhaust 2、With the piston at the bottom of the cylinder, the ___C____ valve ___________ to allow the burned exhaust gas to be expelled to the exhaust system. A.intake, closes B. exhaust, closes C. exhaust, opens 3、A car engine's job is to ___B__ A. Convert fuel into heat B. Convert fuel into motion C. Convert fuel into exhaust 4、When the crankshaft completes four revolutions for a four-cycle engine, each cylinder will have gone through ____B____intake stroke(s). A.one B. two C. Three 5、___C___ is the life-blood of the engine. A. gas B. water C. Oil 6、What is the core of a car's engine___C___ A.The spark plug B. exhaust C. The cylinder 7、What determines the size and the placement of the engine block____C____ A. The number of spark plugs B. The number of pistons C. The number of cylinders 8、In the standard engine, each cylinder has ___A___. A.four valves B. two valves C. one valve 9、A crankshaft's job in an engine is to ___C___ A. Deliver fuel to the cylinders B. Keep cylinder heads in place C. Change linear motion into rotational motion 10、The _____C___ system on an internal combustion engine provides the spark that ignites the combustible air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. A.starting B. fuel C. igniting 二、填空题 1.Today’s average car contains more than 15000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body，engine，chassis and electrical system . 2.The direction motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. A basic steering system has 3 main parts: steering control mechanism ，steering gear and steering linkage mechanism which connecting wheels and steering gear . 3.The location of the driving axle determines whether the vehicle is classified as rear-wheel?drive ，front-wheel?drive ，four-wheel?drive and all-wheel drive. 4.The modern clutch9 is a single plate, dry disc . It consists of five major parts: flywheel, clutch disc , pressure plate assembly, throw-out bearing , and clutch linkage.
专业英语期末考试试卷A卷标准答案及评分标准（2009-2010第二学期） 一、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into Chinese (20×1=20) 标准答案：1.电气工程 2. 正电荷 3 .信道 4.家庭自动化 5.桌面应用软件 6.下降沿 7.波特率 8.红外线传感器9 数字信号10.激光技术 11光纤12.微处理器13振荡器14.半导体15.远程控制 16触发器17.阴极射线管18 代码错误19.波导管20.通信工程 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 二、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into English(10×1=10) 1.circuit 2.voltage 3.diode 4.triode 5.microwave oven 6.watchdog 7.sensor或transducer 8.current 9.transistor 10. magnifier或amplifier 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 四、Multiple choices. (2×10=20） 1-5 BCDBD 6-10 BAAAC 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 五、Translate the following sentences into Chinese (5×2=10) 1、电源有两种：电流源与电压源。 2、电子元器件分为有源元件与无源元件两类。 3、激光技术是用来测量物体的存在、传感器到物体之间的距离以及物体尺寸的一种技术。 4、计算机的“大脑”被称为微处理器。 5、串行口有四种工作模式。 六、Choose the right statements according to the following passage .（true(T) or false (F) (5×2=10)） P1: 1-5 T F T F T 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 七、Reading Comprehension(5×2=10)） 1-5 B C A D C 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1.“五四”新文化运动的主要阵地是（D） A.《语丝》 B.《小说月报》 C.《创造》季刊 D.《新青年》 2.中国最早的话剧团体是C） A.南国社 B.春阳社 C.春柳社 D.民众戏剧社 3.左联成立后，文坛上出现的“民族主义文学”是一个（A） A.国民党的文学派别 B.民族主义者的文学派别 C.抗日救亡的文学派别 D.民族统一战线的文学组织 4.郭沫若的诗集《恢复》写于（D） A.“五四”时期 B.“五卅”时期 C.北伐大革命高潮时期 D.大革命失败后 5.郭沫若历史剧的艺术特色是（D） A.忠于历史事实的客观描绘 B.戏说历史的主观编造 C.赋予历史以象征色彩 D. 浪漫主义和诗情 6.“五四”时期的“问题小说”受到的影响主要来自（C ） A.美国文学 B.中国古代文学 C.俄国文学 D.日本文学 7.郁达夫30年代的小说《迟桂花》主要表现了（C） A.反帝反封建的思想 B.性苦闷的情绪 C.隐逸的思想 D.追求革命的思想 8.朱自清发表于“五四”之后的抒情长诗是（A ） A.《踪迹》 B.《毁灭》 C.《火把》 D.《北游》 9.许地山的《空山灵雨》是（B） A.小说集 B.散文集 C.童话集 D.诗集 10.老舍所属的民族是（ D.满族 11.《爱情三部曲》指的是（C） A.《新生》、《萌芽》、《灭亡》 B.《雾》、《雷》、《电》 C.《雾》、《雨》、《电》 D.《雨》、《电》、《雷》 12.巴金创作于抗战时期的作品是（C） A.《灭亡》、《新生》 B.《激流三部曲》 C.《火》三部曲 D.《爱情三部曲》 15.下面属于沈从文小说《边城》的一组人物是（A ） A.翠翠船总傩送老船夫 B.夭夭傩送老船夫天保 C.翠翠王团总老船夫滕长顺 D.萧萧傩送船总老船夫 16.沈从文小说《丈夫》表现的思想内涵是（B） A.对封建男权主义的批判 B.对穷苦人不幸命运的同情与追问 C.对都市文明的批判 D.对田园生活的向往 17.曹禺描写复仇的一部话剧是（C） A.《雷雨》 B.《日出》 C.《原野》 D.《北京人》 18.下面属于《雷雨》的一组人物是（B） A.周朴园侍萍愫方 B.周朴园鲁大海四风 C.陈白露蘩漪周朴园 D.周萍蘩漪方达生 19.曹禺控诉“损不足以奉有余”社会的剧作是（B） A.《雷雨》 B.《日出》 C.《北京人》 D.《原野》 20.长篇小说《光明在我们的前面》的作者是（A） A.胡也频 B.柔石 C.洪灵菲 D.茅盾 21.散文集《画廊集》的作者是（A） A.李广田 B.何其芳 C.陆蠡 D.丽尼