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四、六级口语考试全面解析

四、六级口语考试全面解析
四、六级口语考试全面解析

四、六级口语考试全面解析

大学英语四、六级考试作为中国大学主流和普遍的英语测试,已有30多年的历史了。然而作为英语听、说、读、写中极为重要的口语考试在相当长的一段时间内并不为大

多数考生熟悉和重视。2016年11月起,口语考试进行了改革,在以往规定中“笔试成绩必须达到某一分数线(如425分)方能参加口语考试这一项”被取消。考生不需要笔试过一定分数线才能报考,完成当次的四、六级笔试报考就能报考口语考试(非必考),口试、笔试分开考。这个改革无疑是积极的,有利于广大考生综合能力的培养。这意味着在四、六级考试中,听、说、读、写被视为同等重要的考试项目,考生在备考中也必须全面复习,从而提高英语综合实力,进一步提高所学语言的实用性。

多年来,笔者教授过各类英语考试,比如雅思、托福、四六级、商务英语等,对现行四、六级口语考试有着自己的理解和看法,现跟各位读者分享一二。在笔者看来,目前施行的口语考试是一个科学、实用和值得悉心准备的口语测试。总体来说,四、六级口语考试的特点可以概括为“博采众长,全面提升”。首先我们来看看该考试的基本设置和流程。

考试的设置和流程

目前,四、六级口语考试实行机考形式。两个考生为一组参加。第一部分为简单的自我介绍和问题回答,其中自我介绍20秒,问题回答为90秒。第二部分为话题,即与你的partner进行有关此给出话题的讨论,时间为4分30秒。第三部分为总结式回答,包括两个问题,其中一个与你的partner相同,另一个不同。时间均为90秒。

从题型设置来看,四、六级口语考试基本参考了雅思、托福、商务英语口语考试的模式,形式上为三者的融合,可谓“博采众长,取长补短”。

考过以上三种口语考试的考生应该很熟悉,雅思口语考试也是分为三部分,Part 1为生活话题交流,Part 2为指定话题的限时描述,Part 3为深度讨论与Part 2相关的话题。有所不同的是四、六级口语考试的第二部分是两个考生一起,而雅思是一个考生考完全程。这种循序渐进的考试模式有利于考查学生的口语综合运用能力。

再来对比一下托福口语考试,四、六级口语与托福最相似的地方就是“机考”这个形式,同时也有规定时间。这样做的好处是:第一,没有主考官现场主观判断,对于判分的客观性来说是一个很大的提升,考官人为因素的影响得到降低。第二,限时训练使得考生必须对自己所陈述和讨论的内容进行合理的规划,从而促使考生提高对语言的组织效率。

另外,从第二部分和第三部分的考查内容来看,四、六级口语又借鉴了商务英语的考试形式,主要的特点就是“与搭档交谈和讨论”,这一点雅思和托福口语考试都是不具备的。笔者个人非常赞同这样的考试形式,理论上讲,这在很大程度上检验了考生实际运用英语口语的能力,尤其是讨论能力(discussion)。

总之,通过对比雅思、托福、商务英语口语考试的特点,我们不难发现,四、六级口语考试确实是吸取了各类考试的精华,很大程度上提高了口语考试的质量,具有很强的实用性,建议大学生都尽量参加一下。

评分标准

了解了四、六级口语考试的设置和流程,我们再来看一下具体的评分标准。口语考试成绩总分为15分,分为A、B、C和D四个等级。C等以上者将获得由教育部高教司颁发的注有CET Spoken English Test成绩等级的CET证书等级标准。

先来看一看各分数段的官方描述。

A+ 14.5~15分

A 13.5~14.4分

能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际,基本上没有困难。

一般来说,对于这样的描述,我们大体上可以不做深度

的研究,其实考生都能看得出来,高分就是“样样都不错”,但也允许犯一点点错误,也就是官方说的“基本上没有困难”。

B+ 12.5~13.4分

B 11~12.4分

能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际,虽有些困难,但不影响交际。

四、六级口语考试B段位实际上就是我们能通常说的“良”这个级别。对于英语口语而言,能做到比较流利的沟通和交流,但是偶尔会犯一些错误,不过基本上可能做到相当有效的交际。这一点不太容易做到。其实即使是汉语,我们很多人也无法达到完全没有困难的表达和交流。

C+ 9.5~10.9 分

C 8~9.4 分

能用英语就熟悉的题材进行简单的口头交际。

这个分段就是我们通常说的“中等水平”,具有这个实力的考生,一般在国外生活是没有问题的。如果用英文交谈,此阶段考生可以大致表?_出想说的意思,遇到比较熟悉的话题可以进行相对丰富的描述和表达,但是所用词句一般都比较简单,语法和词汇错误比较明显,语音方面有不标准的地方或错误,但大体上不影响对方理解。

D 7.9分以下

尚不具有英语口头交际能力。

对于这个分数段位,在此笔者不做过多分析。我们可以认为该段位的考生各方面表现均比较弱,词汇和语法运用不当,语音也可能有很多错误,需要从基础慢慢学起。

大多数考生对评分标准这一项关注不够,以为只要努力练习就可以拿到高分。其实,从备考的角度来说,考生有必要对评分标准做一下必要的分析,这样才能有的放矢地备考。

备考策略

参照考试设置以及评分标准,对于四、六级口语而言,笔者建议考生从两个方面着手备考。

一、设计思路,准备素材

对于“自我介绍”这一栏,考生无需过多思考,因为每一个客观信息都是很容易想到的,比如“My name is ...”“I come from ...”“I’m studying in ...”。备考这部分内容,考生可以提前把要说的内容准备好,保证词汇和语法准确,发音清楚即可。当然,面对实际的考试问题,考生也要做到“随机应变”,避免出现问姓名答家乡这样的低级失误。

然而对于有些题目,考生需要精心准备并广泛搜集相关素材。以四、六级口语的一道考题transportation为例,我们来看一看考生如何设计思路,准备素材。对于transportation,通常的考题有:

What is your favorite transport?

What transport do people in your hometown usually take?

What transport problems do you have in your country?

What influence do transportation rules have on economic development?

以上四??题目有难有易,想要答得丰富流利,都需要很好的思路。以最后“交通法规对经济发展有什么影响”这道题目为例,我们来做一下分析。对于口语考试来说,这个题目有相当大的难度,如果考生平时没有积累过相关的素材,便很难在短时间内准备充分。我们可以先做一下推理,想一想交通法规的好处是什么?答案很简单,那就是规范人们的道路行为,保证行人、司机和乘客的安全,提高出行效率等。那么这些好处对于经济发展会有什么影响呢?显然,如果人们出行顺畅、安全、便利,那么大家就不会在路上浪费太多的时间。这样就可以在工作上投入更多时间,进一步提高工作效率。如果大家都这样,整个社会的工作效率就可以提高,当然经济发展也可以得到适当的促进。由此来看,“交通法规”和“经济发展”还是有一定的关系的。下面是一篇例文,请大家参考。

参考例文:I reckon that transportation rules affect economic development in a positive way. With such rules or regulations like no changing lanes,no speeding,and no

running through a red light,etc.,people and vehicles behave orderly. At the same time,traffic accidents and congestion is reduced a lot. Consequently,we don’t waste so much time traveling to work and can devote more time and energy to our work or business. So,to some extent,this benefits economic development.

二、均衡四标准,全面求发展

在口语考试中,除了听得懂、看得明白之外,更重要的是表达出来,而在表达中,考生可以从四个方面评估自己的口语水平。

在四项标准中,考生首先需要注意的是流利度和连贯性。所谓流利,就是在说话时,不出现长时间的停顿,只有如此,方能呈现足量的答语,给人一种侃侃而谈的印象。

其次,作为语言考试的输出项目,口语考试自然对词汇的要求也比较严格。考试不比平常聊天,在我们跟外国朋友交流时,或许有些人经常出现一些词汇错误,通常我们的“国际友人”很少指出这些失误。原因一是给这些人留个面子,二是不想因为一直修正这些错误而降低沟通效率。只要能听懂大家说的英语,外国朋友也就一笑了之了。这就是为什么有些人长期与外国人交流,但口语中的词汇水平依然没有明显提高。既然作为考试,那么在词汇方面就会做出一定的要求。这个要求并不是严格到苛刻,而是让各位考生做到大致

准确;并不是强调使用高端词句,而是基本达意即可。如果遇到一些不太明白的单词,大家可以换一个相似的词汇,或者用其他简单词句去解释一下。例如,一位考生想要翻译“磁悬浮列车”这个表达,如果没有学过maglev这个词,就可以用a train that goes over the rail but not on the rail来代替。虽然看起来略显臃肿和嗦,但我们的目的确实达到了,起码对方明白我们在说什么,倒也不失为一个退而求其次的选择。

除了词汇,考生当然还要重视语法。口语中也是允许大家出现些许语法错误,即便是作为母语的汉语,我们在沟通交流中也无法保证百分之百正确,更何况是第二语言的英语。对于中国学生而言,我们常常犯的语法错误主要是时态问题,因为汉语中并不存在时态这种现象。还有人称代词混乱,比如将he错用成she,反过来也如是,主要是由于在汉语口语中,我们发出的“音”并不能体现出男他或女她。最复杂的口语语法考点莫过于“虚拟语气”,这个语法点即使是在笔试中,也有不少同学出错,因此各位考生在备考时一定要对这一点多加注意,可以多背诵一些实用例句。

最后一个标准是语音。不少考生认为,只要语音纯正,就一定可以得高分。其实这是建立在流利度和连贯性、词汇、语法都处理得不错的情况之上的。也就是说在其他三项都问题不大的前提下,语音越标准,分数便越高。另外,还有一些考生比较纠结于到底是使用美式发音还是英式发音。这个

问题很多考生都多虑了,只要是标准的发音,哪一种口音都没有问题,哪怕是中式口音,只要不影响理解,都可以拿到高分。对于语音学习,建议大家在了解和掌握一些语音知识以后,选择一些心仪的听力材料,甚至是美剧、英剧,进行反复模仿练习。

从思路设计,素材搜集开始,在口语学习四个标准的指导之下,考生可以对各个口语话题进行深度而反复的模拟和自我模拟练习,按部就班,逐题攻克,最终取得良好的口语成绩。

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