Ⅰ.单词荟萃
1. ___________ adj.吓人的，可怕的→ ________ adj. 害怕的→ ________ vt. 使害怕→fright n. 惊吓
2. ________ n．力气，力量；长处→ ________ v. 加强→ strong adj. 强壮的
3. ___________ n. 环境，围绕，外界→environmental adj.环境的；有关环境的4．pollute v．污染→ ________ adj.受污染的→ ________ n. 污染
5．major adj.主要的，较大的→ ________ n．大多数
6. ________ adj.关心的，担心的→concern n. 关心，担心
7. _______ adj. 急迫的，紧急的→urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事
8．complain v. 抱怨，投诉→ ___________ n. 抱怨，投诉
9. __________ adv. 绝对地，完全地→absolute adj. 绝对的，完全的10．protection n. 保护→ ________ v. 保护，防护
Ⅱ.短语检测
1．受困于，遭遇
2．砍倒
3．作为……的结果；由于4．建议某人做某事
5．阻止某人做某事
6．接受；理解；吸收7．分发；发出；用完；耗尽8．忍不住做某事
9．简言之；概括地讲10．改善环境
be caught in
cut down
as a result of
advise sb. to do
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. take in
give out
help but do/can’t but do nutshell/in short
improve the environment
Ⅲ.佳句再现
1．They are often ___________ you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes _______________ move sand dunes.
他们常常很浓，以至于连太阳都看不见，而且风力有时强到可以移动沙丘。2．Sandstorms in China appear _________________ in recent years as a result of “desertification”．由于“沙漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
3．The storm sometimes continues all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust ___________________. 沙尘暴有时会持续一天，车辆移动得很慢，因为厚厚的沙尘使道路难以看清。
4. ____________________________nearer, the government is planting trees. 为了防止沙漠离得更近，政府正在植树。
5．I can’t help but ______________. 我忍不住感到担心。
Ⅳ.词汇学习
1strength n. [U]力量；力气[C, U]优点；长处
(1) strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的；浓的
strengthen vt. 加强，巩固
(2) with all one’s strength 用上全身的力气
【易混辨析】
power, force, energy和strength
(1)power指“动力，权力，能力”，用途最广；用于各种身心的、潜在的、外显的力，还可指电力。如：
The different types of infinitive; Expressions with but＋ infinitive
power cut/failure 停电 in power 在执政
be in/within/beyond one’s power (to do st h.) (没)有能力( 做某事)
(2)force指“力，暴力，武力”，表示“力量”时，指人或物撞击时所用的力，其复数形式常指“兵力，军队”。如：
the force of the explosion爆炸力
peacekeeping forces 维持和平部队
(3)energy 依照其物理学定义讲是“能，能量”，另外还可指“精力，活力，干劲”。如：
nuclear energy核能 full of energy精力充沛
devote all one’s energies to (doing) sth.全力以赴做某事
(4)strength指“力气，力量，体力”，是在身体组织内存在的力量。还可以指优点、长处。如：
build up one’s strengt h 增强体力
one’s strengths and weaknesses 某人的长处和缺点
【活学活用】
(1)It is beyond my ______ to help you. 我没有能力帮助你。
(2)I don’t have the ______ to deal with it right now. 我现在没有精力处理这件事情。
(3)The soldiers took the prisoners away by _____. 士兵们强行把犯人带走了。
(4)He hasn’t got en ough _______ to remove that stone. 他没有足够的力气搬走那块石头。
2concerned adj. 关心的；担心的；与……有关的
(1) concern n. 关心；忧虑
v. 与……有关，涉及；使忧虑，使担心
(2)be concerned about/for 担心……
all people concerned 所有有关人员
be concerned in与……有牵连
as far as…is concerned 就……而言；依……看来
【经典句式】
be concerned that …担心……
It concerns me that ………让我担心。
What concerns me is …让我担心的是……
【活学活用】
1. 根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)He _________________ he won’t get his money back. 他担心要不回自己的钱。
(2)We ________________________ her safety. 我们都很担心她的安危。
(3) ____________________, the whole idea is crazy. 在我看来，整个想法都很荒唐。
2. 单项填空
_______ is our lack of preparation for the change.
A．It concerns me B．What concerns me
C．I am concerned that D．I am concerned about
【解析】 B语意：让我担心的是，我们对事态的发展缺乏准备。B项为what引导的主语从句，与后面的系表结构形成完整的句子。如果用A，后面要跟that引导的从句。C项后面也是要用that引导的从句。因为is后面是一个名词词组，因此若要用D 则要去掉is。
3complain v. 抱怨，发牢骚；投诉
(1)complaint n．抱怨；诉苦；投诉；控告
(2)complain that… 抱怨……
complain about/of 抱怨……；诉说…… complain to sb. 向某人抱怨make a complaint 抱怨；投诉
【活学活用】
(1) You have nothing ______________, do you?你没什么可抱怨，不是吗？
(2)The roadwork caused much _____ among local residents.
道路工程引起周围居民很多怨言。
Ⅴ.短语学习
1be/get caught in被困于，遭遇
(1)catch up with sb.赶上，追上某人
catch (sb.) up 赶上，追上(某人) catch sb. doing 撞见某人在做某事
(2)catch hold of抓住 catch sight of突然看见
(3)catch a train/bus 赶上火车/汽车 catch fire 着火
catch one’s eye/attention 吸引某人的注意
(not)catch what one says (没)听懂/听清某人的话
【活学活用】
(1)We ____________ a rainstorm on the way here.
我们到这儿来的路上遇到了暴风雨。
(2)If you miss a lot of classes, it’s very difficult to ________.
如果你落下了很多节课，要赶上是很难的。
(3) Drive faster—they’re _______________ us.开得再快点——他们要赶上我们了。
(4) He __________________ in the classroom. 他被撞见在教室里抽烟。
(5) Sorry, I ____________ what you said. 对不起，我没听清你的话。
2cut down削减(cut sth. down/cut down on sth.); 砍倒
cut in (on sb.)插嘴；插入 cut up 切碎
cut off切掉；切断……的供应；隔绝
【活学活用】
(1) He tried to ___________on smoking but failed. 他试图少抽烟，但没成功
(2)The gas ______________. As a result, we had to eat out.
煤气供应被切断了，因此我们不得不出去吃。
(3)It is impolite for children to _______when their seniors are talking.
孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
(4) In winter, the town ______________by snow.
冬天，这个小镇经常因为大雪与外界隔绝。
3give out分发(＝ hand out)；发布，公布(消息等)；发出(光、声音等)；
用完，耗尽
give away泄露；赠送；颁发 give back 归还；送回
give in (to) 认输，投降，屈服；交上，呈上
give off 发出(光、声音等)；散发出(气味) give up放弃；停止；抛弃
【情景记忆】
【活学活用】
根据语境用give的短语填空
(1) He has _______ to my views.
(2) If plasti c and rubber are burnt, they’ll ______ poisonous gases.
(3) Don’t _________the secret.
(4) After a month their food supplies _______.
(5) The news of the President’s death ___________ in a radio broadcast.
Ⅵ. 句型学习
Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．由于“荒漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
【句式点拨】
to have increased是不定式的完成时，作appear的宾语。
不定式的三种时态形式：
to do没有明显的时间意义或在谓语动作之后表将来的动作。
to be doing表示正在发生的动作或与谓语动词同时发生。
to have done表示动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。
【活学活用】
(1)She ____________________ a letter when I passed by. 我路过时她碰巧正在写信。
(2)She ___________________ a lot of money. 她好像有很多钱。
(3)I’m sorry _____________________ so long. 很抱歉让你久等了。
4．“You are a ________ right” means “You are completely right”.
5．One m _____ environmental problem is cars, because they pollute the air with carbon dioxide.
课后练习
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The weatherman has f_________________ that it will be foggy tomorrow. 2．She was a bit f__________at the sight of a snake.
3．When c________ to school yesterday, he was knocked down by a car. 4．“You are a ________ right” means “You are completely right”.
5．One m _____ environmental problem is cars, because they pollute the air with carbon dioxide.
Ⅱ.选词填空
prevent…from, in a nutshell, give out, can’t help but, take in
1. ____________, the customers insisted they get their money back. 2．What ________ their plans _____ being carried out?
3．I want to go out to _____ some fresh air.
4．Make sure all the papers ____________ to the students before 9 o’clock. 5．Looking at the night sky, one ___________ wonder if there are other forms of intelligence out there.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．—Has Games arrived?
—Not yet. He might be ________ in a traffic jam.
A．sticking B．caught C．trapping D．held
【解析】 B be caught in受困于，遭遇；A、C项正确的表达是be stuck/trapped in。
2．What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _______ ?
A．given out B．put out C．held up D．used up
【解析】 A考查动词短语辨析。句意：当世界上所有石油用光之后我们该使用什么能源？give out＝run out，意为“用完，用光”，不能用于被动句式；put out 意为“扑灭”；hold up 意为“举起，使……停顿”；use up意为“用光”，在本题应使用被动形式。
3．Mary didn’t ________ what I read because her mind was on something else. A．hold on B．catch on C．take in D．get over
【解析】 C take in(＝understand)理解。hold on(打电话时)不要挂断；catch on明白(作不及物动词用)；get over克服。
4．Our English teacher is ill, and we are all ________ her health. A．concerned about B．careful aboutC．grateful for D．anxious of 【解析】 A考查短语辨析。句意：我们英语老师病了，我们很关心她的健康。be concerned about意为“关心，挂念”，符合题意。
5．He seemed ________ the news, for there was not any surprise on his face when I told him about it.
A．to learn B．to have learned C．to be learning D．students
【解析】 B考查不定式。根据语境可知，他好像已经知道那个消息了，因此要用不定式的完成时。
6．To make the students perform well, the teacher first of all has to know their
________ and weaknesses.
A．strong B．strengths C．strength D．stronger
【解析】 B此题的关键是weaknesses。与weaknesses相对，此处应选strengths。7．When I was very young, I was terribly ________ of school, but I soon
________ it.
A．frightening; got off B．frightened; got across
C．frightening; got away D．frightened; got over
【解析】 D考查ed形式和ing形式的形容词用法和短语的辨析。be frightened of 害怕；get over克服，摆脱(某种情绪)。
8．During the opening ceremony, “Miss Smile” has won the hearts of Chinese Internet users after being caught ________ the same smile for nearly 20 minutes.
A．fixed B．to be fixed C．to fix D．fixing
【解析】 D选项作主语补足语，与主语Miss Smile有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词。
9．—Do you let your kids travel alone at night?
— ________ They are still young.
A．Absolutely not! B．It depends. C．Why not? D．It is up to them. 【解析】 A根据语境可知，说话者认为孩子们还小，不让他们晚上独自外出。因此选A。
10．Another problem is that while smarter child can ________ information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense.
A．invent B．create C．process D．produce
【解析】 C考查动词辨析。句意：另一个问题是虽然较聪明的儿童能够更准确、更快地加工信息，但是他缺少常识。 invent 发明； create 创造； process 加工；produce生产。
必修三【知识梳理】语文 《林黛玉进贾府》《祝福》 《林黛玉进贾府》 1、重点字词： 阜盛fù：（人家）兴盛；阜，多。敛声屏气：恭敬严肃得屏住呼吸，不敢说话。纳罕hǎn：感到奇怪。轩xuān峻：高大貌。憨hān顽：天真顽皮；憨，朴实天真。懵měnɡ懂：糊涂，不明事理。纨袴wánkù：纨绔，富家子穿细绸裤，借指富家子。 潦倒：颓丧；这里指不约束检点行为。嗔chēn视：怒时瞪眼看。草莽：杂草；这里指没有才学。颦pín：皱眉。杜撰zhuàn：虚构、编造的。忖度cǔnduó：推测。 劳什子：北方方言，东西、物件。盥ɡuàn沐：洗浴。翠幄Wò敕Chì造 便biàn宜惫bèi懒放诞dàn 嫡dí亲狡黠xiá内帏wéi 两靥y è宫绦（tāo）錾银（zàn）驯（xùn）骡罥（juàn）烟 2、古今异义： 偏僻古偏激不端正今偏远交通不便之地 / 便宜古方 便今价钱低 态度古神态今对事情的看法 / 风流古风韵今有功绩又有文采，有才学而不拘礼法 风骚古姿容俏丽今妇女举止轻佻 / 可怜古可惜今值得怜悯，怜悯，不值得一提
《西江月》二词： 无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂。纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原来草莽。潦倒不通世务，愚顽怕读文章。行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤！ 富贵不知乐业，贫穷难耐凄凉。可怜辜负好韶光，于国于家无望。天下无能第一，古今不肖无双。寄言纨袴与膏粱：莫效此儿形状！———（似贬实褒） 4、文学常识： 曹雪芹，名霑（zhān ），字梦阮，号雪芹、芹圃、芹溪。大约生于康熙五十四年（1715），卒于乾隆二十八年（1763）或二十九年（1764），确切的生卒年尚待考证。在“曹雪芹印”中有这样一首诗：我也曾金马玉堂，我也曾瓦灶绳床。你笑我名门落拓，一腔惆怅，怎知我看透了天上人间、世态炎凉！褴(lán)裳藏傲骨，愤世写群芳。 《红楼梦》，原名《石头记》。全书以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，以林黛玉和贾宝玉的爱情故事为中心，揭露了封建统治阶级的罪恶和腐朽本质，揭示了封建社会必然崩溃的历史发展趋势，是中国封建社会的百科全书，是中国古典文学的巅峰之作。 《林黛玉进贾府》是中国古典名著《红楼梦》中的精彩篇章，是全书的序幕之一，它由林黛玉的所见所闻，对这个封建大家族进行了介绍。这一节除了环境描写，最主要的作用还是通过不同的描写手法刻画了贾府的主要人物。人物的出场，历来为人们所称道。环境描写细致真实，人物语言个性鲜明，动作描写生动形象。标题点出了中心事件，题眼是“贾府”──全书的典型环境。 《林黛玉进贾府》k
外研版英语精品资料（精修版） Module 3第一课时 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．China is________(经历)“Scientific Revolution”of Educational Economics. 2．Sun，air and wind________(引起)quick chemical changes. 3．Mr.and Mrs.Shaw have bought some modern________(家具)for their living room. 4．I wondered where they would________(埋葬)Lady Thatcher. 5．Food shortages often________(发生)in times of war. 6．The enemy intended to________(袭击)our troop before night. 7．The storm was a very________(猛烈的)one. 8．We overcame the natural________(灾难)and got in a big harvest. 9．At this________(纬度)you often get strong winds. 10．The________(羽毛)of that kind of bird look very beautiful. 答案：1.experiencing 2.cause 3.furniture 4.bury 5.occur 6.strike7.violent8.disaster https://www.doczj.com/doc/1715482314.html,titude10.feathers Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Tornadoes can________________(卷起，掀起)cars，trains and even houses. 2．37,000 people________________________(失去了生命)in the big earthquake. 3．He failed the exam________________(因为)his carelessness. 4．China________________________(位于，坐落于)one of the most active earthquake regions. 5．The poor woman________________________(陷入)sadness after her son died. 答案：1.pick up 2.lost their lives 3.because of 4.is situated in 5.was buried in Ⅲ.语法填空 1．Jane，an________(experience)teacher with much experience in teaching，had wonderful________(experience)in foreign countries last summer. 答案：experienced；experiences句意：简是一位经验丰富的老师，在教学方面有许多经验，去年夏天她在外国有过令人难忘的经历。第一个空格作定语，用experienced。第二个空格意思是“经历”，是可数名词，有单复数形式。 2．He got up late and hurried to his office，________(leave)the breakfast untouched. 答案：leaving句意：他起床晚了，匆忙赶去办公室，结果早饭也没动。现在分词作结果状语，表示必然结果，而不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果。 3．It suddenly________(occur)to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by
单词 1 across prep. & adv. 横过，穿过；从一边到另一边；在对面 come across 偶然遇到 get across 通过；使被理解；解释清楚 10 meters across 宽10米 【词语辨析】 across, through和 over across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体的表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作，其含义常与on 有关；through表示动作在空间内进行，其含义常与in有关；over表示“越过”，指越过较高物体，从一侧到另一侧。 【活学活用】 (1)My house is just ________the street. 我的房子就在马路对面。 2 face n. 脸；表面；(物体的)正面，表面 v. 面对，面向；面临；应付，应对 lose one's face 丢脸；丢面子 make a face 做鬼脸 in the face of 面对 be faced with 面临；面对 face to face 面对面 face south/the park 面向南方/公园 face the fact 正视现实 3 range n. [C]山脉；列；排；(变动或浮动的)幅度；[C，U](知识、知觉、听觉等的)范围；(枪支、导弹等的)射程，最大航程 v. (在一定范围内)变化，变动；安排；徘徊 be in/within range 在范围以内 be beyond/out of range 超出范围；在范围以外 a wide/broad range of 范围广泛的 range from…to…从……到……不等 4 situated adj. 坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的 situate v. 使位于；使处于 situation n. 情形；位置；境遇 be situated/located/at/in/on＋n. 位于；坐落于 be well/badly/situated 处境很好/困难5 opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的；对面的；对立的；相反的 n. 对立面；反面 just/quite the opposite 恰恰相反 in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向 the man opposite 对面的那个人 on the opposite side of the street 在街的对面 【词语辨析】 opposite和contrary (1)opposite指位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等的对 立、相反。 (2)contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”，含有“相 互冲突，不一致”的意思。on the contrary“正相反”，经常用来引出相反的观点或事实。 6 sign v. 签署；签字；签约；雇佣；做手势(示意) n. 迹象；征兆；手势；信号；标志；指示牌；符号 sign to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 sign up 经报名参加 sign in/out 签到/签名登记离开 sign for 签收 sign on 签约受雇(或入伍) sign an agreement 签署协议 road signs 路标 短语 1 work on 从事，忙于 work at 研究，努力学习 work out 计算，算出，找到答案； 弄懂；制订出；锻炼，健身； 按某种方式发展，结果 work as 作为……工作 at work 在上班 【短语辨析】 work on和work at work on往往指做某种具体的工作，翻译起来比较灵活；而work at更倾向于“钻研”或“努力学习”。 如： He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一本新的小说。 The little boy was working on a branch with a knife to make a toy gun. 小男孩正在用刀子削树枝做玩具手枪。 He is working at English grammar. 他正在努力学习英语语法。 (2)根据语境选择work out恰当的英语释义 a．to calculate sth b．to train the body by physical exercise c．to develop in a particular way, turn out d．to find the answer to sth; to solve sth; to understand e．to plan or think of sth 1
高中英语外研版必修三单词表 Module 1 1. across prep. 横过；穿过 2. boot n. 长统靴；皮靴 3. continental adj. 大陆的；大洲的 4. face vt. 面向；面对 5. range n. 山脉 6. landmark n. 标志性建筑 7. gallery n. 美术馆；画廊 8. situated adj. 坐落（某处）的；位于（某处）的 9. symbol n. 象征；符号 10. located adj. 位于 11. architect n. 建筑师 12. project n. 计划；项目；工程 13. sculpture n. 雕刻；泥塑 14. birthplace n. 发源地 15. civilization n. 文明 16. ancient adj. 古代的 17. opposite prep. 在……对面 18. sign vt. 签署 19. agreement n. 协议；契约 20. whereabouts adv. 在哪里 21. govern vt. 统治；治理 22. head n. 领袖；领导人 23. representative n. 代表 24. parliament n. 国会；议会 25. region n. 地区；区域 26. geographical adj. 地理的 27. feature n. 特点 28. produce n. 产品；农产品 because of 因为；由于 be known as 作为……而出名/闻名 ever since 自从……一直 in terms of 据……；依据…… on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说little by little 一点点地；逐渐地 Module 2 1. hunger n. 饥饿 2. income n. 收入 3. poverty n. 贫穷 4. human n. （与动物等对比的）人 5. development n. 发展 6. index n. 指数 7. measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 8. goal n. 目标 9. expectancy n. （根据概率得出的）预期数额 10. position n. 位置 11. educate vt. 教育；培养；训练 12. figure n. 数字 13. household n. 一家人；家庭 14. homeless adj. 无家可归的 15. charity n. 慈善团体 16. crowded adj. 拥挤的 17. freeway n. 高速公路 18. inhabitant n. 居民 19. similarity n. 类似；相似 20. unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的 21. location n. 位置；所在地 22. tourism n. 旅游业 23. transport n. 交通工具 24. industrial adj. 工业的 25. polluted adj. 受到污染的 26. smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的 27. vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的 28. entertainment n. 娱乐 29. exchange n. 交换 at the top of 在……顶端 at the bottom of 在……底部 make effort 努力 be connected with 与……有联系；与……有关 be close to 接近；靠近 Module 3 1. disaster n. 灾难
Module 6 综合技能测试 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷(选择题) 第一部分听力 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A The Aswan High Dam is one of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt. Aswan is a city on the Nile in Egypt.As waters from East Africa flowed down the river，the water in the Nile brought nutrients and minerals that made the soil around the Nile fertile and ideal for farming，but at the same time，it caused serious floods.So，to prevent the river's flooding，generate electricity and provide water for agriculture，the Aswan High Dam was built. In 1899，the construction of the first dam began and lasted until 1902.The dam was 1,900 m long and 54 m high then.However，the dam was soon found not big enough and the height of the dam was raised twice.When the dam almost overflowed again in 1946，it was decided that rather than raise the dam a third time，a second dam would be built 6 km upriver.Proper planning began in 1952.At first the USA and Britain were to help finance construction.But both nations cancelled the offer for reasons not entirely known.At last，the Soviet Union stepped in，and possibly a third of the cost of the dam was paid for as a gift.The Soviets also provided technicians and heavy machinery.Construction began in 1960，and was completed on July 21,1970. The Aswan High Dam is 3,600 m in length，and 111 m tall.It produces a hydro-electric output of 2.1 gigawatts and allows for the connection of most Egyptian villages to electricity. In addition to the benefits，however，damming the Nile caused a number of issues. 21．Which is NOT the purpose of the construction of the dam? A．To prevent the river's flooding. B．To generate electricity. C．To provide water for agriculture. D．To overflow soils and bring salt to the surface. 答案： D 细节理解题。从第二段最后一句So，to prevent the river's flooding，generate electricity and provide water for agriculture，the Aswan High Dam was built.可知，只有D项淹没土地把盐分带到表面不是大坝建设的目的。 22．What's the main idea of the third paragraph? A.The process of the construction of the dam.
外研版高中英语必修三课文 3.1 Great European Cities Paris Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafés and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris. Barcelona Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet! Florence Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. Athens Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill
高中化学必修四知识点整理及归纳 【一】化学必修四焓变反应热知识点整理 1.反应热(Q)：一定条件下，一定物质的量的反应物之间完全反应所放出或吸收的热量 2.焓变(ΔH)的意义：在恒压条件下进行的化学反应的热效应 (1).符号：△H (2).单位：kJ/mol(3)△H=H(生成物)-H(反应物) 3.微观角度解释产生原因：化学键断裂——吸热化学键形成——放热 放出热量的化学反应。(放热>吸热)△H为“-”或△H<0 吸收热量的化学反应。(吸热>放热)△H为“+”或△H>0 注：(高中阶段Q与△H二者通用) 4.影响晗变的主要因素：①发生变化的物质的物质的量，在其他条件一定时与变化物质的物质的量程正比。②物质的温度和压强常见的放热反应：①所有的燃烧反应②酸碱中和反应③大多数的化合反应④金属与酸或水的反应⑤生石灰和水反应⑥浓硫酸稀释、氢氧化钠固体溶解等 常见的吸热反应：①晶体Ba(OH)2?8H2O与NH4Cl②大多数的分解反应③以H2、CO、C为还原剂的氧化还原反应④铵盐溶解等【二】高中化学必修四知识点归纳(1)金属腐蚀 金属表面与周围物质发生化学反应或因电化学作用而遭到破坏的过程称为金属腐蚀。 (2)金属腐蚀电化学原理
生铁中含有碳，遇有雨水可形成原电池，铁为负极，电极反应为：Fe→Fe2++2e-。水膜中溶解的氧气被还原，正极反应为：O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH-，该腐蚀为“吸氧腐蚀”，总反应为：2Fe+O2+2H2O=2Fe(OH)2，Fe(OH)2又立即被氧化：4Fe(OH)2+2H2O+O2=4Fe(OH)3，Fe(OH)3分解转化为铁锈。若水膜在酸度较高的环境下，正极反应为：2H++2e-→H2↑，该腐蚀称为“析氢腐蚀”。 (3)金属的防护 金属处于干燥的环境下，或在金属表面刷油漆、陶瓷、沥青、塑料及电镀一层耐腐蚀性强的金属防护层，破坏原电池形成的条件。从而达到对金属的防护;也可以利用原电池原理，采用牺牲阳极保护法。也可以利用电解原理，采用外加电流阴极保护法。 必修四知识点：化学反应的方向 1、反应焓变与反应方向 放热反应多数能自发进行，即ΔH<0的反应大多能自发进行。有些吸热反应也能自发进行。如NH4HCO3与CH3COOH的反应。有些吸热反应室温下不能进行，但在较高温度下能自发进行，如CaCO3高温下分解生成CaO、CO2。 2、反应熵变与反应方向 熵是描述体系混乱度的概念，熵值越大，体系混乱度越大。反应的熵变ΔS为反应产物总熵与反应物总熵之差。产生气体的反应为熵增加反应，熵增加有利于反应的自发进行。
Module6 Old and New 一. 单项填空 1. The little village which lies ________the railway for 20 miles is ____________the great man was born. A. off; where B. at; when C. to; how D. by; why 2. He hurriedly left, and the rest of the work ______ left to me. A. is B. are C. was D. were A new hospital _______when we got there. A. was building B. has been built C. was being built D. was built 4. The northerners are fond of wheat ________the southerners like rice. A. while B. but C. however D. still Bad habits are easily _______ while good ones are hard to develop. A. kept up B. caught up C. drawn up D. picked up If you continue driving like this, you will ________disability. A. end up with B. put up with C. come up with D. catch up with The church clock _______ eleven when I reached the village. A. hit B. beat C. strike D. struck When he heard the news, he hurried home,______ the book ______ on the desk. A. leaving; lying open B. to leave; lying open C. left; lying open D. leaving; lying opened ________ it is to jump into the pool in summer! A. What fun B.What a fun C. How fun D. How a fun At last they _______an agreement _______ it. A. reached; on B.concluded; at C. arrived at; about D. come to; in Not until all the fish died in the river_______how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. realized the villagers D. didn’t the villagers realize The 2000 Olympic Games ________ in Sydney, a city of Australia. A. were taken place B. was held C. were held D. had been held They decided to go home before their money ____________. A. was run B. ran out of C. ran out D. used 14. ---- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? ---- ____________. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes; I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t 15. Though he was _____ in the leg, the soldier went on firing at the enemy. A. injured B. hurt C. wounded D. killed 二. 单词拼写：(5分). Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is _____________________(坐落) on the northeast coast. Greece’s best writers lived in __________________(古代) Athens. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school,
外研版高中英语必修三单词表（带音标） 课本单元单词音标中文 必修３1across[?'kr??s]prep.横过；穿过 必修３1boot[bu?t]n.长统靴；皮靴 必修３1continental[?kɑnt??nentl]adj.大陆的；大洲的 必修３1face[fe?s]vt.面向；面对 必修３1range[re?nd?]n.山脉 必修３1landmark[?l?nd?mɑrk]n.标志性建筑 必修３1gallery[?ɡ?l?ri]n.美术馆；画廊 必修３1situated[?s?t?u?e?t?d]adj.坐落/位于(某处)的必修３1symbol[?s?mb(?)l]n.象征；符号 必修３1located[l???ke?t?d]adj.位于 必修３1architect[?ɑ?k?tekt]n.建筑师 必修３1project[?pr?d?ekt]n.计划；项目；工程 必修３1sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻；泥塑 必修３1birthplace[?b??θple?s]n.发源地 必修３1civilisation[?s?v?la??ze???n]n.文明 必修３1ancient[?e?n??nt]adj.古代的 必修３1opposite[??p?z?t]prep.在…对面 必修３1sign[sa?n]vt.签署 必修３1agreement[??ɡri?m?nt]n.协议；契约 必修３1whereabouts[?we?r??ba?ts]adv.在哪里 必修３1govern[?ɡ?v(?)n]vt.统治；治理 必修３1head[hed]n.领袖；领导人 必修３1representative[repr??zent?t?v]n.代表 必修３1parliament[?pɑ?l?m?nt]n.国会；议会 必修３1region[?ri?d??n]n.地区；区域 必修３1geographical[?d?i???ɡr?f?k(?)l]adj.地理的 必修３1feature[fi?t??]n.特点 必修３1produce[pr?'dju?s]n.产品；农产品 必修３2hunger[?h??ɡ?]n.饥饿 必修３2income[??nk?m]n.收入 必修３2poverty[/?p?v?ti ]n.贫穷 必修３2human['hju?m?n]n.(与动物等对比的)人必修３2development[d??vel?pm?nt]n.发展 必修３2index[??ndeks]n.指数 必修３2measure[?me??]vt.测定；测量；评估 必修３2goal[g??l]n.目标 必修３2expectancy[?k?spekt?nsi](根据概率得出的)预期数额必修３2position[p??z??(?)n]n.位置 必修３2educate[?edj?ke?t]vt.教育；培养；训练 必修３2figure[?f?ɡ?]n.数字 必修３2household[?ha?s?h??ld]n.一家人；家庭 必修３2homeless['h??ml?s]adj.无家可归的 必修３2charity['t??r?ti]n.慈善团体 必修３2crowded[?kra?d?d]adj.拥挤的 必修３2freeway[?fri?we?]n.高速公路 必修３2inhabitant[?n?h?b?t?nt]n.居民 必修３2similarity[?s?m??ler?ti]n.类似；相似 必修３2unfortunate[?n?f?rt??n?t]adj.不幸的；遗憾的 必修３2location[l??'ke???n]n.位置；所在地 必修３2tourism[?t??r?z(?)m]n.旅游业 必修３2transport[tr?ns?p??t]n.交通工具 必修３2industrial[?n?d?stri?l]adj.工业的 必修３2polluted[p?'lu?t?d]adj.受到污染的 必修３2smart[smɑ?t]adj.漂亮的;整洁的;时髦的必修３2vast[vɑ?st]adj.巨大的;庞大的;浩瀚的必修３2entertainment[ent??te?nm?nt]n.娱乐 必修３2exchange[?ks?t?e?nd?]n.交换 必修３3disaster[d??zɑ?st?]n.灾难 必修３3flood[fl?d]n.洪水
语文必修三知识梳理 一：重点词语 阜盛敕造顾盼神飞厮认有天无日膏粱弱柳扶风少不更事沸反盈天执拗诡秘一夫当关万夫莫开如距深渊畏葸不前艰难困苦玉汝于成抱恨终生青衫泪湿 二：重点文常 1：《红楼梦》与曹雪芹2：《祝福》与鲁迅3：《老人与海》与海明威 4：《蜀道难》的体裁5：《孟子》《荀子》二书作者的时代和思想 6：韩愈与古文运动7：巴尔扎克与《高老头》 三：出自课本的作文素材 1：两弯似蹙非蹙罥烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥（yè）之愁，娇袭一身之病。泪光点点，娇喘微微。闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。 2：“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的”，“人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。”这就是《老人与海》想揭示的哲理。不可否认，只要是人就都会有缺陷。当一个人承认了这个缺陷并努力去战胜它而不是去屈从它的时候，无论最后是捕到一条完整的马林鱼还是一副空骨架，这都已经无所谓了，因为一个人的生命价值已在那追捕马林鱼的过程中充分地体现了。曾经为自己的理想努力追求过、奋斗过，难道他不是一个胜利者吗？老渔夫就是敢于挑战自身缺陷及自己勇气和信心的胜利者。从世俗胜利观的角度看，老渔夫不是最后的胜利者，因为尽管开始他战胜了大马林鱼，但是最终大马林鱼还是让鲨鱼吃了，他只是带着大马林鱼的白骨架子回到了岸上，也就是说，鲨鱼才是胜利者。可是，在理想主义者眼里，老渔夫就是胜利者，因为他始终没有向大海没有向大马林鱼更没有向鲨鱼妥协和投降。就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁，但我不能被征服”。 3：活又不能，死也不敢的祥林嫂。对于封建礼教横加给她的种种迫害与摧残，她进行过不间断的挣扎与抗争：在被虐待、被迫再嫁时，她挣扎她抗争；面对人们的嘲弄、侮辱与伤害，她给以无言的抗议；对灵魂的有无，她表现了怀疑。这一切都表明，她是一个很顽强而不容易被摧垮的人，但是在封建礼教和封建迷信的双重打击和人们的风刀霜剑中，她不但连起码的做人的资格都没有争到，反而被吞噬被毁灭了。祥林嫂的挣扎与抗争，完全是出于自发的，而且本身就带有浓厚的封建礼教和封建迷信色彩。她要维护人的尊严，她要争取参与年终祝福盛宴的基本人权。然而，她捐了门槛赎了“罪”后，仍被鲁四爷、四婶视为不洁不祥的人，她争取不到这第五权———人权。一句“你放着吧，祥林嫂”使她失神落魄，形体也差了。“受了炮烙似的”是《祝福》的高潮所在，震撼力接近希腊悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》中俄王刺瞎自己双目那一幕。祥林嫂从此“下滑”，离开鲁家，成为乞丐，后来“穷死”了。性格上执着地维护她的尊严，争取应有的人权，是她悲剧的致命性成因。《诗学》说悲剧人物的不幸，“不是由他的败德或邪恶而来，而是来自某些错误或软弱”。这就是悲剧性弱点（hamartia）。祥林嫂的悲剧性弱点是她性格上的执着。 4：学者柏杨先生认为，中国固然繁华，但与王昭君何干？她只能困在宫廷的小小天地。而宫廷的小小天地，在匈奴汗国也是一样，拥有顶尖的享受。并且，就在王昭君辞行后当年，公元前33年汉元帝刘奭就死了。如果把她留下，最好的结局不过一个被汉元帝偶尔玩过的普通小宫女而已。她将守着灵枢，老死坟园。事实上，王昭君嫁给呼韩
必修三知识点汇总 Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B on the coast work on have…in common refer to have control over/of have a population of little by little on the other hand in one’s thirties compared with belong to increase to/by in terms of be faced with ever since 重要句型： 1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。。。。之一 2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B ②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别 （1）表示A在B的范围内（即A是B的组成部分之一）时用in.如：our school is in the west of the town.我们学校在城西。 （2）强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.如： Korea is on the east of China.朝鲜与中国东部接壤。 （3） A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。 3. on the coast和off the coast on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如： 语法要求： 一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be的形式，过去分词不变。 现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词 二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则 语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。 (2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。 2. 意义一致原则。 一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的
高中英外研版必修三表 Module 1 1.across prep.横；穿 2.boot n.靴；皮靴 3. continental adj.大的；大洲的 4.face vt.面向；面 5.range n.山脉 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1715482314.html,ndmark n.志性建筑 7. gallery n.美；画廊 8. situated adj.坐落（某）的；位于（某）的 9. symbol n.象征；符号 10. located adj.位于 11. architect n.建筑 12. project n.划；目；工程 13. sculpture n.雕刻；泥塑 14. birthplace n.源地 15. civilization n.文明 16. ancient adj.古代的 17. opposite prep.在??面 18. sign vt.署 19.agreement n.；契 20.whereabouts adv.在哪里 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1715482314.html,ern vt.治；治理 22.head n. 袖；人 23. representative n.代表 24. parliament n.国会；会 25. region n.地区；区域 26. geographical adj.地理的 27. feature n.特点 28. produce n.品；品 because of因；由于 be known as作??而出名 / 名 ever since自从??一直 in terms of据??；依据?? on the other hand另一方面；反来 little by little一点点地；逐地 Module 2 1.hunger n. 2.income n.收入