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transtips翻译技巧入门

transtips翻译技巧入门
transtips翻译技巧入门

1. 中英文定语位置的差别中:定语+主语英:主语+定语

2. 英译汉的主要步骤

断句+翻译+重读

3. 英中介词翻译成中文的什么词性方位adv.&v.

4. 中英文句式差异中:句子较短重点在后多用标点主语+废话+最重要成分

英:句子较长重点在前不重视标点主语+最重要成分+废话

{Ps 废话:定从,状从,补语,同位语} 5. 定从的几种译法

<8 个词 -- 定从+先行词“??的?”

>8 个词 -- 先行词,that/which 具体指

代内容+定从内容

至于前置还是后置,根据8 词原则。

6. 循环套句用定语从句是什么怎么翻译

中心词+定从1+定从2+定从3+ .........

①.定从1+定从2==定从3:1,2 和在一块翻译

②.定从2+定从3==定从1:2,3 合在一起翻译

7. 需要断句的长句和不需要断句的长句怎么翻

大长句,有好多定语,很少标点:

断句+翻译+重读一堆小短句,从前往后简单易懂,很多短句:断句+找重点句和微弱逻辑关系+翻译+重读

第二课

8. 什么是定从的“并列套用” 和“循环套用”区别怎么翻

并列套用:

中心词+定从1+定从2+?and+定从n

循环套用:

中心词+定从1+定从2+?+定从n

区别:

并列套用:每个定从都修饰中心词且是并列关系用and 连接

循环套用:每个定从的先行词都在前一个定从里环环相扣

翻译:

并列套用:

后置译法关系词只翻译一次循环套用:

① .定从1+定从2==定从3:1,2 合在一

块翻译

② .定从2+定从3==定从1:2,3 合在一起翻译

9. 中文里的本位词末位词怎么翻本位词:. 这这样这些末位词:被本位词替代的部分翻译:本位词取代末位词要不然中文句子就太长了

10. 英文中四种句子类型怎么翻

①长句多标点专有名词生词多——按顺序翻

+注意查词准确+重读

②长句少标点多从句插入语——断句+翻译

+重读

③长句多标点

——断句+分析句句微弱逻辑关系+重读

④短句——再短变中文都要加标点+重读

11. 中英文事实和评论的关系怎么翻中:事实+

评论英:评论+事实按中英文习惯翻

12. 中英文关联词使用原则/ 中:虽然??,但是??

英:①虽然??,??

②??,但是??

13. 谓语动词的过度例如英到中:意思微弱的v

不用翻译出来中到英:补微弱v 词

只要中文中出现adv+v,翻英时就把adv 变为v,把v 变为n .加快建立rapid the foundation of...

例如:我支持你

I support you.

I give you a support. ——谓动过度。

第三课

14. 分词的翻译方法(包括现在分词和过去分词)在句首:先找主语+翻译在n 后:当成定从来翻,8 词原则短前长后

15. Tomas Wade 音标

.毛泽东:Mao Tse-Tung 周恩来:Chow En-Lai 朱德:Chu Teh

16. 中英文数字翻译阿拉伯——阿拉伯英语数字

——中文数字中文数字——英语数字

17. 一个原则是什么

偏正结构——主谓结构主谓

结构——偏正结构

(Ps 偏正结构:修饰词+中心词)

. Gleaming eyes 炯炯有神的眼睛(偏正)双眼炯炯有神(主谓)△

前者翻译时放在句中易造成就不通顺所以英译中常用“主谓结构” 注意:一个原则——句子翻不通顺时候用,并不是到处用

18. 同位定语从句怎么翻同位语中包含一个定语从句。翻译:不管多长都后置。

第四讲

19. 英译汉时,被动语态的翻译方法有几种分别是

①被动变主动

②找替代词.为?所;是由?(动词)的③有“被”不用“被” .这个东西摸起来很舒服。就省略了(被)摸起来

④科技文中,用“可以”代替“被” .?is used

as?译:??可以??

20. “隐形被动语态”怎么用中文中换用其他词

代替“被”字.为??所??;是(由)??动词+的21. “偏正互换”

. European 's today 译:当代的欧洲人This treasury of silt 译: 宝贵的泥土

22. 段落和文章翻译的基本思路分析文章内容+找/ 查专业名词+翻译+重读注意被动结构,专有名词,定语从句,代词等的翻译。

第五讲

23. 动词的分配原则例如

宾语前缺谓语时增加动词(属于增词法的一种)

即:A*(B+C+D)=AB+AC+AD

wears a hat, a scarf and a coat.

译:他带了一顶帽子,戴了一个围巾,穿了一件大衣。

24. 中英文的总分关系举例

中:分+总

. There are many balls such as ping pang balls, basketballs,volleyballs etc.

英:总+分

. There are many ping pang balls, basketballs, volleyballs and many other balls.

25. 同位语的几种译法

①翻成主谓结构

. Beijing, the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.

译:北京是中国的首都,它十分美丽。

②重译法(顶真)

. ?the same goal, the goal of ??有着同样的目标,这个目标是?。

26. 重译法一般用在什么场合国家领导人的寒暄

/ 同位语从句

27. 抽象名词指什么出现在怎么翻抽象名词:就是抽象名词呗。。。。。位置:

冠词(一般是the )+抽象n+介词(一般of)翻译:

①有动词词根——n 变v

. The suggestion of mine is that... 我建议??

②没动词词根——增词

. The spirit of our nation. 我们民族所具有的精神

第六讲

28. 英文中代词的主要译法

①不抽象不具体

②指明要点

29. 中英文在代词方面的区别中:较少使用代词要么重复前一句话的名词要么省略撑死用个第三人称“他它她”

英:较多使用代词

30. the fact 引导的句子如何翻译

① the fact is that 引导的表从——“事实上”

② the fact that 引导的宾从——不翻

31. 中英文中没有相对应的单词怎么翻

意译

32. “中间语言”怎么翻

. We refer to libro as books in Spanish. 我们

把西班牙语中的“ libro ”称为书翻译:

不用翻把原文照抄。

第七讲

33. Adj. 和adv. 的翻译方法①词义延伸②形容

词和副词的词性相互转换(因为其属于同源词)

③长的adj 和adv(短语)可以单独翻译成

一个句子

34. 中英文的主语特点、中:人/ 人的身体器官英:物

35. 中英文的范畴词如何翻译范畴词:.远近高矮胖瘦

中文:一般用大的范畴词,.问人的身高“你

有多高”,用“高”,而不是用“低”

36. “同指”译法如何翻译

. : he is a very rich man.

译:他很富有。

其中he 和man 都只同一个人,所以不重复

翻译。这样的译法就叫同指。

37. adj 和n 作定语的顺序是什么如何翻

中:

后置adj+前置adj+后置n+前置n+中心词英:前置adj+前置n+中心词+后置n+后置adj

第八讲

38. 什么是英文的形合和中文的意合中英文的三大差异

形合(英文):通过句与句之间的连词来判

断句子间关系

意合(中文):中文一般没有什么连词,要通

过句意来体会相互之间的关系

中:短句动词意合

英:长句名词形合

39. 汉译英的步骤

断句找谓语动词(判断哪个重要那个不重

要)按顺序翻重读

40. 谓语v 的层次性

先发生的词很重要后发生的词不那么重要

核心谓语+非谓语/ 从句+介词

41. 英译汉断句标准

①标点符号一定断

②非谓语动词一定断

③从句一定断

④介词一定断

⑤主语过长要单独翻

42. 古文如何翻基本思路

解释的方法来翻译先翻成现代汉语再翻译成英语

第九讲

43. 英汉互译中最基本的增词与减词有几种分别是

①增减v

②增减范畴词(“方法”“水平”“问题” “情况”“方式”“方面”等词)

③增减评论性词(文学翻译中较常见,非

文学翻译较少见)

44. 是不是见到范畴词就要进行增减不是,根据

情况具体安排

45. 增减v 包括几种情况分别是①自然增词法:

宾语前缺少v ②人为增词法:抽象n (the +抽象n+of)

第十讲

46. 什么是“平衡性语言” 和“非平衡性语言”

平衡性语言:英语主谓宾分配均匀

非平衡性语言:中文主谓宾分配不均匀

47. 换主语的原则包括哪几种情况句子不平衡是

换主语

①偏正短语取偏作主语②在中文里找到隐藏主

语③就近原则——取离动词近的n 作主语48. “中文的英文句式”

把中文按成英语的语言格式顺序写下来

“的”前的所有词都修饰“的”后的词。法

律、法令和有关条例的规定

{法律、法令}和{有关条例的规定}

{法律、法令和有关条例}的{规定}50. “隐藏主语”一般在汉译英是如何找到在句中纷繁复杂的n 中找到最合适的n 作为句子的主语

51. “就近原则”

选择离v 最近的n 作主语。

第十一讲

52. 中文的四字词语一般如何翻成英文

①AABB ——AB

②ABAB——AB

③ABCD——英文解释翻译

53. 意思相近的两个单词如何翻用形式上差不多

的单词或短语翻译

. 艰苦奋斗、自强不息

译:hard working and tireless efforts

54. “中国特色”的词汇如何翻译

①直译法——拼音/ 英文直接解释

②用增词法解释

③底部注释

翻译技巧总结

翻译技巧总结 个人认为,翻译题很重要!考研是个充实自己的过程,只要你还需要英语,就离不开翻译,所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书,XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》,我听过他的课,他的方法很实用,感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容: 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点,具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看,在此不赘述。 可看出,应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧,下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法

译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法 正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]

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