高考总复习冠词The final revision was on November 23, 2020
高考总复习：名词、冠词考点透析与精炼
考试要求：
对名词、冠词的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大纲语法部分的重要内容。不但在单项选择部分对这两类词有直接考查，在其他各大题型尤其是书面表达题型也涉及名词、代词的运用。近年高考加大了对名词词义辨析的考查，但是考生丢分往往很多。本篇资源主要对名词冠词的考点和易错点进行归纳，并给同学们提供一些精选的练习。
知识总结：
名词考点主要集中在下列方面：
一、名词的辨析，包括同义词、近义词、形似义异的名词辨析。
这类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析，词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析，这些名词可能有相同的前缀或后缀，甚至有相同或相近的词干。这就要求在平时的学习中，必须要重视词义及词义辨析，收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟，掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别。另外做题时还要充分注意语境的具体要求。
同义词：选项中的几个名词意思大致相同，但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。
近义词：选项中几个词意义不同，但比较接近。
形似义异名词：选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处，这类词在意义上往往差别较大。
二、名词的搭配：名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配、名词的惯用法。
这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配，以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法，由于没有任何规律可言。同学们在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳。
三、语境
词的语境指的是词语在特定语境中的含义、感情色彩和表达作用。要理解词语的语境意义，读懂句子是关键，当然要进行联系、比较和体会。这类题是名词考查的一个趋势，现在越来越多的考题属于这种情况。
四、名词的转义：把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能; 把具体意义的名词抽象化。
转义名词主要分为两类：把抽象意义的名词转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能；把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。
抽象转具体：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“……的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.
抽象转具体：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.
抽象转具体：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.
具体转抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church 等，都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名词为抽象名词。
具体转抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.
冠词考点主要集中在下列方面：
近年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法，尤其在冠词表示泛指、特指方面考查较多；对冠词的习惯用法的考查也是高考的热点之一；冠词的灵活运用是高考的难点之一。同学们在备考的过程中一定要重点掌握和理解冠词的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、类指、专指等用法。当然要特别注意在具体的语境中体会冠词的用法。
一、序数词前冠词的使用
强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示“又，还，再”时用不定冠词。
二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用
像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词，在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词，但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时，则不用冠词，此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。
三、专有名词前的冠词使用
一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：
1．“the＋姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”；
2．“a(n)+人名”表示“……式的人物”或“有一个名叫……的人”，如He is a Lei Feng. (他是一
个雷锋式的人物。) A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate. (有一个叫史密斯的人在
门口等你。)。
3. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是
在“专有名词(人名或地名)＋普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University,
Yale University。
4. 表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基)，the China of the
1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。
四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用
一般不用冠词，如We all need water. (我们都需要水。) 但是下列情况要用冠词：
1.特指时要加the；
2.有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词，如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity / shame (一
件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，
a time(一段时间)。
3.不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。
如I’d like a tea (=a cup of tea), please. 我要来杯茶。
五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用
breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词，但若受形容词修饰时用a / an；特指时要用the。如a good lunch(丰盛的午餐) How do you like the lunch 你觉得这顿午餐怎么样
六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用
play后接西洋乐器名词时，要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词；play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。
七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用
一般不用冠词，但特指时用the；受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。
八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用
含有day的节日前一般不用冠词，如M ay Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。
九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使用
特指某人或某物时用the；但若指一类事物时用a / an。如：
I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. 我想买一件
价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。
十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用
指同一人、物或同一概念时，第二个名词前不用冠词，如a teacher and
writer(一位教师兼作家)，a horse and cart(一辆马车)，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指两个人时，第二个名词前一般也要加冠词，如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。
易错点点拨：
1. 名词变复数的特殊形式
child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,
stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,
deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,
a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,
grown-up——grown-ups
误：There are many woman teachers in my school.
正：There are many women teachers in my school.
2. 常考不可数名词
advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress
误：What a fine weather it is!
正：What fine weather it is!
3. 可数不可数均可，但意思不同
experience 经历（可数）；经验（不可数）
room 房间（可数）；空间（不可数）
exercise 练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数）
误：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.
正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.
4. 只能修饰可数名词的有：
few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of…
误：There is a large number of water in the hole.
正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.
5. 只能修饰不可数名词的有：
little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of…
误：There are a great deal of people living there.
正：There are a good many people living there.
6. 只有复数形式的名词有：
trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings…
误：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.
正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.
8. 复数形式，单数意思的有：
plasti cs, news, politics, physics, mathematics…
误：The news are exciting.
正：The news is exciting.
9. 复合名词的复数形式。
girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups
误：There're many boys students in my class.
正：There're many boy students in my class.
10. 名词做主语，谓语动词用复数
police, cattle, clothes, goods
误：Cattle sells well at that market.
正：Cattle sell well at that market.
11. 几个应该特殊注意的名词。
people (民族，人)； village (村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)；youth (年轻人，青年男子，青春)
1.（2011·四川卷）remember put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s_________.
A. touch
B. sight
C. reach
D. distance
答案与解析：C。本题中out of touch (失去联系)，out of sight (看不见)，out of reach（够不着）都是固定搭配，根据句意：记得把诸如小刀之类的危险的物品放在孩子够不着的地方，C
项合适。
2.（2011·江西卷）’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself
A. sympathy
B. theme
C. object
D. point
答案与解析：D 题意为：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他的目的是什么呢What’s the point of...”……的目的是什么” sympathy同情；theme 主题；object 物体。
3.（2011·湖北卷）21.“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted,
with______ clearly in her voices.
A. anger
B. rudeness
C. regret
D. panic
答案与解析：D 发生火灾了，妈妈叫喊着，声音里应该是带着“恐慌”才符合逻辑。anger 愤怒；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔，遗憾；panic恐慌。
4.（2011·湖北卷） up my job to go back to full time caudation was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project
B. commitment
C. competition
D. ambition
答案与解析：B 句意为：放弃工作回去接受全日制教育是个巨大的……，但我现在意识到那是我做出的最正确的决定。project 工程，项目；commitment花费，使用（资金、时间、人力）；competition竞争；ambition抱负，野心。B项合适
5.（2011·江苏卷）27．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.
A．consequence B．independence
C．competence D．intelligence
答案与解析：C 为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence能力，符合句意。consequence 结果；independence独立；intelligence智力，均不合题意。
6.（2011·浙江卷）,I can't cheat him－it's against all my________.
A. emotions
B. principles
C. regulations
D. opinions
答案与解析：B 句意为：不管怎么样，我不能欺骗他——那违背我的原则。由此判断此处选principles（行为准则）。emotion情感；regulation 法规，规则；pinion观点，看法；均不符合题意。
7. (2011·山东卷)34. There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition
B. balance
C. concern
D. relationship
答案与解析：A 句意为：在我们办公室有一个传统：有人过生日的时候，他们就会带来一个蛋糕跟大家分享。tradition传统，惯例；balance平衡；concern关注；relationship关系。
8. (2010·安徽卷)25. I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______
A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure
答案与解析：C. 本题考查名词辨析。 hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”；recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”；measure意为“测量；措施”。句意“……她变得认不出来了。”
9. (2010·江西卷)35 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number C．amount D．quantity
答案与解析：A. 考察名词。a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
10. (2010·山东卷)33. Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
答案与解析：A 本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。：句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。
11. (2010·天津卷)3. James took the magazines off the little table to make_________for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
答案与解析：A. 考查名词意义和用法。詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为……腾出空间”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。
12.(2010·江苏卷) 22. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
答案与解析：B reputation 表示名声；expectation是期望的意思。contribution是贡献的意思。civilization是文明的意思。
13. (2010·湖北卷)21. This restaurant has become popular for its wide_________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
答案与解析：B 此题不仅考察学生对于四个选项的认知，更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名，是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。
名词部分：
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．He gained his ______(wealthy) by printing ______(work) of some famous ______(write)．2．You can't step forward when seeing the ______(traffic) lights on．
3．Three ______(thief)broke into the bank with ______(knife) and as a result，all the
_____ (save) of it were broken and the money inside was all lost．
4．Suddenly Tom fell into a cave six ______(foot) deep．Luckily，two ______(German) and two ______(Frenchman) who were passing by pulled him up．
5．Early in the morning，he went to the ____(butcher) and returned with some _____(meat)．6．On my way home，I met a friend of my _____(sister) and she told me she was working in
a factory of her ______(father)．
7．The building is not far from here．It is only fifteen ______(minute) walk．
8．People in that country still suffer from _____(coldly) and _____(hungry)．The lack of
food has caused more ______(die) in the eastern part．of the country．
9．A group of ______(sheep) are eating ______(grass) and ______(1eaf) at the foot of the
hill．
10．—What about teaching in a primary school I do think you are a born teacher．—With ______．And I think it to do my bit for children．(please)
二、选词填空(近义名词的辨析)
1．—You are always full of ______．Can you tell me the secret
—Taking plenty of exercise every day．(power；strength；force；energy) 2．Despite such a big difference in ______ towards what one eats，there is no doubt that
people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special． (point；idea；
attitude；sight)
3．One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ______．
(bills；expenses；prices；charges)
4．I can't say which wine is best—it is a(n) ______ of personal taste．
(affair；event；matter；variety)
5．School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ______
(states；conditions；situations；positions)
6．I keep medicine on the top shelf，out of the children's ______．
(reach；hand；hold；place)
7．The ______ on his face told me that he was angry．
(impression；sight；appearance；expression)
8．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______．
(date；shape；order；balance)
9．No matter what you do，you should put your_____ into it．(mind；heart；brain；thought) 10．—I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke．I was very tired．
—There is no ______ for this while you are on duty．(reason；excuse；cause；
explanation)
三、选择填空
1. Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____
Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. a; /
D. /; a
2. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.
A. exchange
B. bargain
C. trade
D. business
3. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ______in many parts of
the city.
A. look
B. sign
C. sight
D. appearance
4．Always read the________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations
B. instructions
C. descriptions
D. introductions
5. — Why do you suggest we buy a new machine
— Because the old one has been damaged ______.
A. beyond reach
B. beyond repair
C. beyond control
D. beyond description
6. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and make ____
room in their day for exercise.
A. a; /
B. the; a
C. the; the
D. /; a
7. Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an
earthquake.
A. sense
B. view
C. means
D. idea
8. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.
A. bills
B. expenses
C. prices
D. charges
9. —How about __________Christmas evening party
—I should say it was __________success.
A. a; a
B. the; a
C. a; 不填
D. the; 不填
10. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise.
A. limit
B. lack
C. need
D. demand
11. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our
school started a discussion “Save Our ________”
A. Sky
B. Life
C. Arts
D. Voices
12. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______.
A. atmosphere
B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
13. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _______ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels
B. articles
C. goods
D. products
四、语法填空
Charles Pink was a young Canadian who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself．Every Saturday，he went to 1 theatre and to 2 (party)．His car was one of the best in his city．He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane．He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoyment)．
One day about thirty 5 (yearly) ago，he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican)．At first everything went well，but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed．
Fortunately，Pink was flying at a good height when the bad 8 (thing)happened，and he had time to find 9 place to land．Below him he could see a number of 10 (field) which looked nice enough to land on，and he managed to bring his machine down on one of them．
名词部分答案与解析：
一、1．wealth works writers 2．traffic 3．thieves knives safes
4．feet Germans Frenchmen 5．butcher's meat6．sister's father's
7．minutes' 8．cold hunger deaths9．sheep grass leaves
10．pleasure a pleasure
二、1．energy 2．attitude 3．expenses 4．matter
5．situations 6．reach7．expression 8．shape
9．heart10．excuse
三、
1. C。Sunday是可数名词，一般情况下，表星期的名词前不加冠词。此题中被用做泛指，即表示“某个
星期天”，前面可与不定冠词连用；was at church属于固定搭配的短语，表示“做礼拜”；
church前不用冠词。
2. B。题意为：我仅花10元买了一件甩卖的裙子；真是一件便宜货。bargain意为：廉价货，便宜货。
exchange 交换，交流；trade贸易；business 商业，买卖；事情。
3. C。四个选项的词不完全是同义词，但意义比较接近。look/appearance外表；sign标志、迹象；
sight风景、视力。结合句意，“在城市的很多地方，衣服穿街晾晒已成一道风景。” 故选C
项。
4. B。句意：一定要仔细阅读瓶子上的说明书并且适量服用。强调“指示、指导”。
5. B。beyond是介词，意为“（程度）超出”，beyond repair是“无法修理”。
6. A。go on a diet 为一固定搭配，room此处为一不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词。
7. A。A项sense表示“感觉官能”，本句中的sense of smell表示“嗅觉”；B项view表示“视野，想
法，见解”；C项means表示“方法，手段”；D项idea表示“主意，想法”。本句的意思是：狗
有着非常灵敏的嗅觉，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。故选A。
8. B。题干中动词cover和选项中expenses搭配，表示“足够付生活费用”。
9. B。题意为“圣诞晚会怎么样”是问谈话双方都知道的晚会，应该采用定冠词。句意为“应该说它
很成功。”这次晚会很成功，指的是这一次的成功，具体化，故选B。
10. B。句意，健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼有密切关系。a lack of 是“缺乏、缺少”。
11. D。本题考查四个名词在上下文中的含义区别。四个选项填入该空中，分别可以译作“拯救天空、
拯救生命、拯救艺术、拯救（濒临消失的）语言”。根据上文动词不定式表示的目的，讨论的
话题应该是“拯救与语言有关的”，当然，voices最接近language。
12. A。根据题意,两国领导人在一种友好的氛围中进行交谈，B和C都有“情形，情况”的意思，D是现
象，只有A氛围符合题意。
13. A。该题考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对选项中名词含义的理解。由题干中的“coal,
gas, oil”可知都是燃料故正确答案为A。B 项为“物品” C项为“货物，商品”D项为“产
品”。
四、1．the 2．parties 3．a 4．enjoyments 5．years
6．Mexico7．the 8．thing9．a
10．Fields
冠词部分成果检测
一、在必要的地方填入适当的冠词
1．How about taking ______ short break I want to make ______ call．
2．We have every reason to believe that ______ 2008 Olympic Games will be ______ success．3．______ walk is expected to last all day，so bring ______ packed lunch．
4．Many people have come to realize that they should go on ______ balanced diet and make ______ room in their day for exercise．
5．Mrs. Tailor has ______ eight－year－old daughter who has ______ gift for printing —she has won two national prizes．
6．It is said that little George Bush was elected ______ President of the United States for the second time in ______ year 2004．
7．China's economic development has made ______ rapid progress in the past 20 years and young people have made ______ great contribution to this progress．
8．Believe it or not，it's really ______ fun to walk alone with ______ full moon hanging in the sky．
9．The fantastic driver was at ______ loss when ______ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding on the highway．
10．Dalian is ______ most beautiful coastal city and I believe 1 will come for ______ second time．
二、在必要的地方填入适当的冠词
Marie Curie， 1 French physicist and chemist, was born in 2 Poland in 1867．In 1891，she went to 3 Paris University for further study．Four years later，she married Pierre Curie． 4 husband and wife worked together day and night to study 5 radiation and discovered 6 polonium and7 radium，the two radioactive elements．So in 1903，the couple won 8 Nobel Prize for physics．
Madame Curie went on studying radiation and made great 9 achievements after her husband died in 1906．In 1911，she gained 10 Nobel Prize for chemistry for her outstanding contribution．Up to now she was the world's only woman scientist to gain 11 Nobel Prize twice．In 1934，this remarkable scientist died．However，she will be remembered by 12 people of all over the World forever．
冠词部分答案：一、1．a a 2．the a 3．The a 4．a ／5．an a
6．/ the 7．/ a 8．/ a 9．a / 10．a a二、1．a 2．/ 3．/ 4．The 5．/ 6．/7．/ 8．the 9．/ 10．the11．the 12．/