2015年江苏大学博士研究生入学考试英语阅读部分真题（回忆版）
1、词汇
2、完形填空
3、阅读
PASSAGE1
In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the bigges t season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year. What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accep t extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsivelyand therefore make bad decisions when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the sha pe of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interactin g with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.
When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to co nduct an experiment about the difference between the online and offline shopping experience. I ca refully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer woul d take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.
The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and the m subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer’
s hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passi ng the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of owner ship when we hold things in our hand. That’
s why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. I n this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.
A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail.
A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opp osed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indic ated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession.
This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
52. Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author?
A) It is more comfortable and convenient.
B) It saves them a lot of money and time.
C) It offers them a lot more options and bargains.
D) It gives them more time to think about their purchase.
53. Why do more customers return their purchases bought online?
A) They regretted indulging in costly items in the recession.
B) They changed their mind by the time the goods were delivered.
C) They had no chance to touch them when shopping online.
D) They later found the quality of goods below their expectations.
54. What is the purpose of authors experiment?
A) To test his hypothesis about online shopping.
B) To find out peoples reaction to his recent book.
C) To find ways to increase the sale of his new book.
D) To try different approaches to sales promotion.
55. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?
A) A sense of disappointment
B) More motivated to own it.
C) A subtle loss of interest
D) Less sensitive to its texture.
56. What does train imaging in a recent study reveal?
A) Conventional letters contain subtle messages.
B) A lack of touch is the chief obstacle to e-commerce.
C) Email lacks the potential to activate the brain.
D) Physical touch helps form a sense of possession.
4、英译汉：有关经济政策方面。
5、汉译英：
6、写作：
How to reduce carbon emissions？
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 商务英语（专科）2018学年第1学期 《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 年级： 考试形式：闭卷 考试时间：90分钟 Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can’t have seen 3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. shoulder 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A. in the belief that B. in order that C. on the excuse that D. on condition that 7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A. consequence B. aftermath C. results D. effect 8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in addition to D. not to mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you would think B. by what you are thinking C. that you should think D. with what you were thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. only if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom 12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests. A. when B. since C. before D. after 13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days. A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly 14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A. fierce B. strained C. eager D. critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A. smell B. sense C. hear D. tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. Write Group 1 1. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding 2. commitment B. twist; changing shape 3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something 4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate 5. distortion E. say more than the truth about something Group 2 6. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something 7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters 8. substantial C. the right or ability to control 9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others 10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importance Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each) 1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent) 2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday . (engage) 3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act) 4. _______ to say , this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again. (need) 5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)
自学考试高级英语试题1 课程代码：00600 全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points，1 point for each) One of the best current examples of what Horowitz is talking 1 is John Denver. His most 2 songs—“Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”, and “Country Road”— 3 the musical drive and power of 4 rock, while the lyrics celebrate the simple 5 of“the good old days”. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art 6 that television has made 7 to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the 8 housewife who finds happiness 9 choosing the right toothpaste. When before in human history has so much humanity 10 surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? They had no 11 of comparison and assumed that this was a 12 of his class, just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign 13 for luncheon sums up a nation’s character forever in the 14 businessman who happens to 15 the table with him. Each week, for example, a record of the sales results of the 16 week for each sales office and for Sales Department as a 17 for each division of the company is kept and 18 to the sales results for the 19 week of the year 20 . But by and large the news reports and commentaries on CBS and NBC and ABC make every 21 to present viewers with more than one 22 of an issue，either by letting 23 spokesmen have their 24 or by outlining the positions held by both major parties on the subject 25 . II. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)
电力电子课程设计 学院：电气信息工程学院 专业： 学号： 姓名：
一． 设计要求 (1)根据给定的参数范围,设计BOOST 电路的参数； (2)根据给定的参数范围,设计CUK 电路的参数； (3)利用MATLAB 对上述电路图仿真实验得出波形； (4)在实验室平台上试验,观测数据与波形,并与仿真图形进行比对； (5)撰写实验报告； 二． 电路设计 1.电路工作原理 （1）Boost 电路 Boost 电路原理图 基本原理 假设L ，C 值很大。当可控开关V 处于通态的时候，电源E 向电感L 充电，充电的电流基本恒定不变I 1，同时电容C 向负载R 放电。因为C 很大，基本保持输出电压U 0不变。当可控开关处于断态的时候，E 和电感L 上积蓄的能量共同向电容C 充电并向负载R 提供能量。当电路工作处于稳态时，一个周期T 中电感L 积蓄的 能量与释放的能量相等，即： 化简得： ()off o on t I E U t EI 11-=E t T E t t t U off off off on o =+=
基本数值计算： 输出电压U 0与输入电压E 关系： 01 1 1U E E βα==- 输出电流I0与输入电流I1的关系： 01021U I I E E β== 输出电流I0与输出电压U0的关系： 001U E I R R β== （2）Cuk 电路 Cuk 电路原理图 基本原理 当可控开关V 处于通态的时候，E-L1-V 回路和R-L2-C-V 回路分别流过电流。当V 处于断态的时候，E-L1-C-VD 回路和R-L1-VD 回路分别流过电流。输出电压的极性与电源电压极性相反。
2013-2014学年第二学期 期末考试试卷 年级 13级大专 专业 各专业 层次 各层次 科目 英语阅读欣赏 I. Multiple Choice (30 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” This humorous speech is from___ B _______. A. Jane Austen ’s Emma B. Jane Austen ’s Pride and Prejudice C. Charles Dickins ’ The Great Expectation D. Charlotte Bronte ’s Jane Eyre The most 2. The important contribution of __ B ____ is that he not only started the modern poetry, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature. A. William Blake B. William Wordsworth C. G. G. Byron D. John Keats 3. In the Victorian Period __ B ____ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. A. poetry B. novel C. prose D. drama 4. Thomas Hardy’s _ A _____ view of life predominates most of his works and earns him a reputation as a ________ writer. A. pessimistic, naturalistic B. pessimistic, humorous C. romantic, realist D. determinist, stylistic 5. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? ... And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. ” The quoted lines are most probably taken from ___ C _____. A. Great Expectations B. Wuthering Heights C. Jane Eyre D. Pride and Prejudice 6. Jane Austen’ s first novel __A ______ tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs. A. Sense and Sensibility B. Pride and Prejudice C. Northanger Abbey D. Mansfield Park
Unit 2 The Fine Art of Putting Things Off Michael Demarest 1"Never put off till tomorrow," exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, "what you can do today." That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was dubbed "Cunctator " (Delayer) for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edicts to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form. 2The world is probably about evenly divided between delayers and do-it-nowers. There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an ungodly 6:30 . The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor. 3Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can and jamjar label in her kitchen before settling down to her typewriter. Many a writer focuses on almost anything but his task—for example, on the Coast and Geodetic Survey of Maine's Frenchman Bay and Bar Harbor, stimulating his imagination with names like Googins Ledge, Blunts Pond, Hio Hill and Burnt Porcupine, Long Porcupine, Sheep Porcupine and Bald Porcupine islands. 4From Cunctator's day until this century, the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military ("Hurry up and wait"), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand. Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops. A U.S. general as late as World War II could agree with his enemy counterpart to take a sporting day off, loot the villagers' chickens and wine and go back to battle a day later. Lawyers are among the world's most addicted postponers. According to Frank Nathan, a nonpost-poning Beverly Hills insurance salesman, "The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing." 5Even where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly in the higher echelons of business. Corporate dynamics encourage the caution that breeds delay, says Richard Manderbach, Bank of America group vice president. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly. The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction—another report to be read, another authority to be consulted. "There is always," says Manderbach, "a delicate edge between having enough information and too much." 6His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal—and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government that led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, making procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off—from the Spanish ma?ana to the Arabic bukra fil mishmish(literally "tomorrow in apricots," more loosely "leave it for the soft spring weather when the apricots are blooming"). 7Academe also takes high honors in procrastination. Bernard Sklar, a University of Southern California sociologist who churns out three to five pages of writing a day, admits that "many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page. There are all sorts of rationalizations: the pressure of teaching, responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote." 8Psychologists maintain that the most assiduous procrastinators are women, though many psychologists are (at $50-plus an hour) pretty good delayers themselves. Dr. Ralph Greenson, a professor of clinical psychiatry (and Marilyn Monroe's onetime shrink), takes a fairly gentle view of procrastination. "To many people," he says, "doing something, confronting, is the moment of truth. All frightened people will then avoid the moment of truth entirely, or evade or postpone it until the last possible moment." To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Pagan, however, procrastination may be a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial. "When I drag my feet, there's usually some reason," says Fagan. "I feel it, but I don't yet know the real reason." 9In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a
Reading 1: This is Water 1. What’s the point of the fish story? The immediate point of the fish story is that the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hard est to see and talk about. 2. What is our natural default-setting, according to Wallace? Do you agree with him? If yes, give examples; if no, exampl es too, please. I am the absolute center of the universe, the real est, most vivid and important person in existence. Yes, I do. The worl d as you experience it is right there in front of you, or behind you, to the l eft or right of you, on your TV, or your monitor, or whatever. Other peopl e’s thoughts and feelings how to be communicated to you somehow, but your own are so immediate, urgent, real. 3. Is it possibl e for us to adjust our natural default-setting? If yes, how? And by the way, why should we adjust it? A: Yes, it is. We shoul d pay attention to what’s going on insid e me and stay alert and attentive instead of getting hypnotized by the constant monologue insid e your own head. what’s more, we shoul d l earn how to Think and how to d ecid e.The reason why shoul d we adjust it is that thinking in the way of d efault-setting that we experience the boring, frustrating, crowed parts of adult life. B: Yes, it is. Learning how to think------Learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. If we d on’t adjust it, we will be total ly nosed. 4. What does it mean by ‘learn ing how to think’? And what is the justifiable way to think? Learning how to think really means l earning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. 5. What is the meaning of college education? Do you agree? If yes, further explains please, if no, define your meaning of college education and further illustrate it. Coll ege education is that it enabl es my tend ency to over-intell ectualize stuff, to get l ost in abstract argument insid e our head instead of simply paying attention to what’s going on right in front of us.
英语阅读2期末复习资料 Part One Passage l Th is is a short passage about the wildebeest migration. Every year around April , many thousands of wildebeest gather together on the Serengeti Plains in Tanzania in preparation for their long journey northwards. Although it is often referred to as ‘The Migration' , this great movement of animals is an endless year - round trek dictated by the seasons and the search for fresh grass and water. By early July the long straggling columns of wildebeest , along with large numbers of zebra , begin to reach the Mara Reserve. They can enter anywhere and once inside their movements are erratic according to where forage is best. However, the herds do have one or two favorite river crossing places and after the Mara grasses have been gazed to the ground , they use these to move northwards out of the reserve. Weak animals rarely survive the river crossings. Many are crushed to death by the sheer weight of numbers and some are eaten by huge crocodiles. In late September. the herds begin to re- form for the journey back to the Serengeti Plains. They arrive three months later and begin calving. Read Passage 1 and decide whether the following statements are True or False. 1. In April the wildebeest travel from the Mara Reserve to the Serengeti. 2. The reason for ‘ T he Migration' is search for food. 3. In early June , the wildebeest reach the Mara Reserve. 4. The wildebeest' s movements are irregular when they go into the Mara Reserve. 5. At the end of the year , the wildebeest return to the Serengeti Plains and give birth to calves. Passage 2 This is a short passage about the monster and Frankenstein ? Some time later , Frankenstein received a letter from his father telling him that his young brother. William. had been murdered. All the family was shocked when Justine Moritz , the boy' s nanny , was accused of the crime and Frankenstein was horrified when she was executed for the murder because he felt that his monster had done it , not Justine. Throughout the following months , Frankenstein became more and more depressed. Then , one day when he was traveling in the mountains , trying to forget his troubles , Frankenstein suddenly met the monster. He shouted furiously at him , accusing him of the crime, and telling him to stay away from him and his family. But the monster insisted on talking to his creator and told him the sad story of his life since he had run away from the laboratory where Frankenstein had made him. The monster said that he had tried , in vain , to attach himself to humans , but nobody would have anything to do with him , because they found him so ugly and frightening. He told Frankenstein that even when he had saved a child who was drowning in a river , nobody thanked him. In fact , the father shot him in the shoulder because he was afraid of him.