宾语从句教学设计
一、导入
1.复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。
I play basketball.
We are talking about our homework..
2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。
3.I love that I can earn some coupons.
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板书:He knows me.
He knows what’s wrong with his wife.
说出2个句子的宾语。
说出2个句子的宾语是词(词组)还是句子。
第一个句子的宾语是一个词构成的,第二个句子的宾语是一个句子,我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中he knows 叫主句,what’s wrong with him是从句。
说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
^
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
总结:。。是主句,剩下的是由that,if,how引导的宾语从句。
初步认识了宾语从句,下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素
引导词(连接词)
语序
[
时态
1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句,在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略
比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that,该如何修改。(让学生口头修改)
A.He said that he had a very good journey home.
C.He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
2)由从属连词whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句,表示“是否”,比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从句,
B.He asked if /whether they had come.
3)由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和连接副词where, how, why,when引导的宾语从句
.
代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略,比如上面的D。
D.He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.
注意:关于是否if/whether
.Whether,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:
1).whether从句中有or not
2).whether从句做介词宾语
3) whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
4) 在不定式前只能用whether.
)
(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
5) 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
Paper课堂
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
(
继续观察上面的四句话,请问宾语从句的语序有什么特点(陈述句语序)不管原来的句子是陈述句,一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,放在宾语从句里都是陈述句语序。
(板书)改写宾语从句。
陈述句Doctor Li is very patient.
It is well- known that _____.
一般疑问句Is Doctor Li very patient
John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引导)
特殊疑问句How is Doctor LI
:
John wants to know ____
练习
Part 1 课堂练习
(paper)
Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
He says that--- Mike gets up at seven in the morning
The teacher asks-- if Mike gets up at seven in the morning.
?
.The teacher asks what time--- Mike gets up in the morning.
我们已经了解了宾语从句的引导词和语序,下面我们来学习下宾语从句的时态。
(卡片,贴在上面时态的旁边)口诀:主现从任意主过从过去从真理用现在一张paper发朗读并且分析主句从句的时态
主句用现在时,从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从任意”
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Do you know what time the ship leaves
Do you know when John was born
Do you know if John has passed his exams
主句用过去时,从句用过去的某个时态。可归纳为“主过从过去”
He said he had a very good journey home.
He asked if they had come.
(
3.主句用过去时,从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(自然真理客观现象)
He didn’t know that summer comes after spring when he was five years old.
注意:4情态动词could/would用于,“请求”,表示委婉、客气的语气时,从句不受主句的约束。
Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener
5主句是一般过去时,从句中有具体的过去时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍用一般过去时。
%
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
I heard that he went to Paris last night.
宾语从句的一些特殊句式
1动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后it为形式宾语,后跟名词或形容词作宾补,而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾)
We think it our duty that we should help others.
I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.
2.否定转移
~
若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
I think he won’t come here. ( )
I don’t think he will come here. ( )
2.当宾语从句的引导词正好做主语的时候,语序不变,比如常用的what和who Could you tell me who knows the answer,please
The small children don't know what is in their stockings
What’s wrong(what was wrong)
【
What’s the matter(what was the matter)
What’s happening What happened
eg:
I don’t know what’s the matter.
I don’t know what the matter is.(F)
Can you tell me who is over there(who做主语)
Can you tell me who he is (who做表语)
连接词
】
语序引导词+主语+谓语
时态
二、知识点讲解
1.语序问题——从句是陈述句语序(在讲课的时候,例句和配题都要反复重复这个原则)
什么是陈述句语序就是主语在谓语动词前面。
⑴引导词为that/whether/if 的从句
That 在句子中只做连接作用,没有实际意义
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Whether 和if 都表示“是否”的意义,区别是whether后面能加or not 而if 不能。
例句1:
I want to know whether Mike will come with you or not. 陈述句语序!
I want to know that Mike is good at English or math. 陈述句语序!
⑵引导词为wh系列特殊疑问词(what which when where why who/whom)+how
例句2:
Do you know what lily’s phone number is. 陈述句语序!
】
I wondered what you were doing at this time yesterday. 陈述句语序!
Marry asked me when we would take part in the competition.
2.时态问题
⑴观察例句1和2中的句子,我们发现,当主句为现在时(一般现在时,现在进行时,
现在完成时),从句的时态随便选。“你的时态你做主”
例句1:
P85/3 (2010 北京)
Do you know _____ the capital museum (主现从随便)
—
Next 时间状语说明动作发生在将来。
A when will they visit
B when they will visit
C when did they visit
D when they visited
[分析]
如何判断题目考察的点就是宾语从句
①分析题干和选项。
、
当题干开空的前面是动词,常见的有tell know ask并且选项都是由特殊疑问词引导的一个完整的句子的时候,多为考查宾语从句。
在北京市的中考题目中,宾语从句一般出现在最后一题的位置。
②判断语序,陈述句语序。
选项设计一般为两个错误时态和两个错误语序。
不管时态先看语序。排除疑问句语序。
(对于基础比较差的学生,不明白什么是疑问句语序,就告诉学生,看到以下助动词后
面是人称代词就是错误的。)
Is/are/am/was/were + I/we/you/they等人称代词错误
,
Has/have/did/will/shall/should + 人称代词错误
分析时态:主句是一般现在时,从句的时态“你的时态你做主”。——将来时态。
⑵当主句的时态是过去的某个时态(一般过去,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来),从
句必须只能用过去时态。
注意:当从句陈述的是某个客观事实或者真理的时候,无论主句是何时态,从句都只用一般现在时。
例句:
He told me he would go to Canada. (主过从过)
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
三、总结
在这节课下课之后,要让学生们记住下面几句话。
①陈述句语序
②主现从随便;主过从过;真理永远一般现在时态。
根据这两点,学生就可以正确完成宾语从句部分的单选题。
宾语从句做题方法论:
①宾语从句出题位置一般为单选题目最后一道,看到选项多为wh特殊疑问词+完整
句,开空前多为tell know ask这样的动词。
②观察选项,排除错误语序
③根据时间状语和主句时态,选择正确时态。