八年级（下）英语知识讲解（人教）
目录
1 Unit 1 Will people have robots?
2 Unit 2 What should I do?
3 Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
4 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
5 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you‘ll have a great time!
6 Review of units 1-3
7 Review of units 4-5
8 八年级下学期期中复习（一）
9 改错小练
10 八年级下学期期中复习（二）
11 八年级期中考试模拟题
12 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
13 Unit 7Would you mind turning down the music?
14 Unit 8 Why don‘t you get her a scarf?
15 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
16 Unit 10 It‘s a nice day, isn‘t it?
17 介词复习
18 Review of units 6-8
19 Review of units 9-10
20 八年级第二学期期末复习题
21 八年级第二学期期末模拟试题
22 How do you study for a test
23 Unit2 I used to be afraid of the dark
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
II. Grammar:
·一般将来时
·there will be ·few，a few，little，a little，much，many
语法小结：
一、一般将来时
1．用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。
We are having fish for dinner.
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.
这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.
2．用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示―意图‖，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。
Are you going to post that letter?
How long is he going to stay here?
I am going to book a ticket.
另一意义是表示―预见‖，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。
It‘s going to rain.
George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.
3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：
主要意义，一是表示预见。
You will feel better after taking this medicine.
Do you think it will rain?
二是表示意图.
I will not lend the book to you.
Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.
基本结构：
She will come to have class tomorrow.
Will she come to have class tomorrow?
She won‘t come to have class tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
二、There be结构
1. there be结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。
There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。
There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。
2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一
致原则来变换be的单复数形式。
如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。
How many people are there in the city?
这个城市里有多少人口？
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。
There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.
教室里有一些学生和一位老师。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.
教室里有一位老师和一些学生。
3. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。
There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。
There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。
There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。
4、There is no doing.
(口语)不可能…….
There is no telling when he will be back.
无法知道他什么时候回来。
There is no knowing what he is doing.
无法知道他在做什么。
三、课文难句解析
1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？
1) money 金钱；货币
eg．What's the money? 价钱是多少? paper money 纸币；钞票
2) in 100 years 在100年之后―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中
eg．I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。
I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。
2. There will be less leisure time．空闲时间会更少。
1) less形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。
eg．Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。
Five is less than six．5比6少。
2) leisure time 空闲时间
eg．What do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？
3. I think there will be more pollution．我认为将会有更多的污染产生。
1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为―there will be+物+其他成分‖。
eg．I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。
I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。
2) pollution表示―污染‖，用作不可数名词。
例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution．他们采取大量措施制止水污染。
4. I don't agree．我不同意。
agree在本句中作动词，I don't agree．是一句交际用语，表示―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖，如果表赞成，则为I agree。
1) 表示―同意某人意见‖时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。
eg．Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?
I don't agree with what she said．我不同意她所说的。
2) 表示―同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)‖时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。
eg．I agree to your idea．我同意你的想法。
My plan was agreed to by all of them．他们所有的人都同意我的计划。
3) 表示―就……取得一致意见‖用agree on(或upon)，指―两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议‖。
eg．They both agreed on the date for the meeting．他们双方都同意开会的日期。
4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示―同意做某事‖。
eg．They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon．他们同意明天下午动身。
5. What do you think Sally will be in five years?
你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子?
此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。
eg．Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?
Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?
6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢
上了这座城市。
1) go表示―去‖，过去式是went，―go to+地名‖表示―到某地去‖。
eg．When will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？
He will go to the factory tomorrow．他明天要去那所工厂。
如果go后面接副词，不用to。
eg．He went home at before six yesterday evening．他昨天晚上6点前回家的。
2) last year意为―去年‖，用于一般过去时态中。
eg．He went to London last year．去年他去了伦敦。
3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是―喜爱；爱上；与……相
恋‖的意思。eg．He went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.
去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。
7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them.
我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们
1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示―因为‖。注意在英语中
because不能和so同时使用。
eg．John didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。
2) hate表示―不喜欢，憎恨‖，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing
sth.，表示―讨厌做某事‖。
eg．He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。
I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。
8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1)go doing sth. 结构，表示―去做……
go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船
eg．My father goes fishing every week．我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。
I like going skating．我喜欢去滑冰。
2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示―每天‖，通常与一般现在时连用；
而everyday表示―日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的‖，是形容词。例如：
eg．I get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。
He wears everyday clothes today．今天他穿一身便服。
9. During the week I‘ll look smart，and probably will wear a suit．
在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。
1) during表示―在……期间‖，during the week是介词短语，意为―在工作日里‖。
eg．The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。
2) look表示―看上去‖，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。
eg．That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。
3) wear表示―穿‖，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。
eg．We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。
She is wearing a new coat．她穿着一件新衣服。
Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？
put on是―穿上‖，―戴上‖的意思，强调动作。
eg．She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。
注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。
他整天戴着草帽。误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day.
10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation．我会去香港度假。
on vacation意为―在度假‖，on表示―处于……状态中‖。
eg．He will go to Hangzhou on vacation．他要到杭州度假。
My father will be away on business tomorrow．我爸爸明天要出差。
11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?
1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于How is the weather？What be … like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是―……怎么样?‖ 类似的说法还有What do you think of…? How do you like…?等句型。
eg．What is the book like? ＝What do you think of the book?
＝How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?
What's the weather like today?＝How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?
2) What is／a re…1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。
eg．What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
What's the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样?
What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?
12. There were many famous predictions that never came true．
(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测
1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。
2) come true指―理想，梦想等实现‖。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。
eg．My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。
Her dream to go to university has come true．她上大学的愿望实现了。
Unit 2 What should I do?
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do?
2. Why don‘t you…?
3. You could …
4. You should…
5. You shouldn‘t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为―情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)‖，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式can -- 过去式could
2. 现在式may -- 过去式might
3. 现在式shall -- 过去式should
4. 现在式will -- 过去式would
5. 现在式must -- 过去式must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示―可能‖或―预测‖
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和could 用于表示―可能‖或―预测‖：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词can 置于主语the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
（2）may 和might 用于表示―事实上的可能性‖或―预测‖：1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
（3）will 和would 用于表示―预测‖或―习惯性‖：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和should 用于表示―必定‖：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示―必定‖，―必会‖：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示―许可‖、―请求‖
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和could 用于表示―许可‖、―请求‖：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ?
(请求,用could 比can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？
（2）will 和would 用于表示―请求‖
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address? (用would 比will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next?
(用should 比shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和might 用于表示―许可‖(口语中多用can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示―禁止‖，―不准‖：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don‘t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也
He doesn‘t have any money, and I don‘t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
I can‘t play chess. She can‘t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I‘m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work．别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don‘t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help.
如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back．他不想向老师要回他的书了。 4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝Only he didn't get to the park．They all toured America except her.
除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝He went there．We went there, too．
除他去以外，我们也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me. 除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache．我头痛。
What‘s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work. 你的手表怎么了？它不走了。adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝fight with sb．与某人打架
I don?t want to have a fight with my cousin．我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue．
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？
2. ①get sb. to do…使……做（以人为对象时，有―说服……使做……‖的含义）
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You‘ll never get her to agree.你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do…邀请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party. 我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例：Look! Her new dress is in style. 她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don‘t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game. 给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight‘s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does. 提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像―someone, anyone nobody‖等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像―what, where‖等词的后面使用意思是―别的‖
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can‘t think what I did wrong.我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I‘m very upset and don‘t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成―I don‘t know what I should do.‖
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词―things‖
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语，是―把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示―足够……的‖
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
2．目标句型：
1. What were you doing when...?
2. I was doing sth. when...
3. How about... / What about...?
4. What happened next?
5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...
3．语法
1. 过去进行时
2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ
【重难点分析】
一. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。
过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing
疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。
基本用法：
1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一
次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.
3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
4. when作并列连词，表示―（这时）突然‖之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。
如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ
4、情态动词表示―应该‖、―必须‖（shall, should, may, might, must, ought to）
（1）shall 和should 用于表示―必须‖：
①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。
②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。
③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't ―不应该‖含有劝告
的意思)你不应该总是以貌取人。
④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定)
新规则于一月一日起生效。
（2）may 和might 用于表示―应该"(多用于法律等条文，一般上多用shall):①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。
②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)
你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。
（3）must 用于表示―必须‖、―务必‖：
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。
②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)我们必须服从命令。
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用needn't 或don't have to)
我现在就得付款吗？
5、情态动词表示―意图‖、―打算‖
(will, would, shall, should)
（1）will 和would 用于表示某种意图：
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。
②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？
③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)
我们不愿呆在这里太久。
（2）shall 和should 用于表示说话人的意图：
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用will not)
如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。
6、情态动词表示―意愿‖
（will, would, shall, should）
（1）will 和would ：
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用would 比will 客气)
你想再来一杯茶吗？
③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)
你想吃些烤饼吗？
④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称)
如果他愿意，他会做的。
⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗？
（2）shall 和should ：
①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)
他会拿到他的津贴的。
②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。
③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿)
你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？
三. 重点词汇
1．cut v．切；剪；割
cut (one‘s)hair理发
Be careful．Don't cut yourself．小心，别切到自己。
2．alien n．外星人
Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not．没人知道到底有没有外星人。An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。
3．land v．登岸；登陆；降落
The plane will land in ten minutes．飞机将在十分钟后降落。
A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。
4．while conj．当……的时候；在……之时
While I danced, she sang．我跳舞，她唱歌。
While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。
5．right adv．正好；恰好
The accident happened right over there．
事故正好发生在那里。
He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。
6．surprised adj．惊奇的；吃惊的
I was surprised that he was late for the party．我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。
She was surprised that I didn‘t know about that.她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。
7．kid v．欺骗；哄骗
I'm not kidding you．我没有骗你。
You‘re kidding = No kidding.别开玩笑了。
8．anywhere adv．到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中）
Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?
They didn‘t go an ywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去9．happen v．发生
A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday．昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。
What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？）
sth. happen to +名词发生于……身上
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him．她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。
10．get out of 从……出去
She tried to get out of helping her mother．
她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。
Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station.
汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。
11．run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走
The thief ran away when someone noticed him．
当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。
12．at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院
I'm thinking of going to the tailor's．在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。
Mr. Cool‘s = Mr. Cool‘s clothes store
at Jason‘s = at Jason‘s store
She is staying at Mary's．她住在玛莉家。
I want to go to the tailor‘s.我想到裁缝店去一趟。
13. see sb. Do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事
she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来.
四．词语辨析
1、in front of 与in(at) the front of
in the front of 在……的前面（表示―有距离的前面‖，在一个参照物的前面）e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车
in(at) the front of 在……的前头，前排（列）（在一个范围内的前面部位）eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排
2、get out of 与get into 是反义词get into走进，进入
eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.
3、be amazing与be amazed
be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性
e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。
Isn‘t that amazing .那不很令人意外吗？
be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)（某人）对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语) eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.我们对这个
消息感到非常惊讶.
4、be surprising与be surprised
be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的）
e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局
be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) （某人）对…(因…而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised 一样，也是人作主语。
eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient.
他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。
5、in a tree与on a tree
eg. Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗？
on a tree 在树上（指长在树上的东西）
Look! There are many apples on the tree.
6、my flight to New York 与fly to New York
前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。
eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m.
She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.
五.课文解释：
1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇！
eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!
2. I followed it to see where it was going
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…
eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there.
3. She didn‘t think about looking outside the station.
Think about (doing) sth. 她未想到去车站外看看.
4. say to sb. 对某人say to oneself 自言自语
e.g.: He said to himself, ―Don‘t be afraid.‖ 他自言自语,―不要害怕‖
5. look for 寻找（强调找的―过程‖）find 找到（强调找的―结果‖）
eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldn‘t find it.
6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起来很难。
It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。
He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.
7. be killed 被杀害be destroyed by…被……摧毁……
8. walk home together in silence 沉默着一起走回家in silence 状语（状态）
9. Not all events in history are as terrible as this.
并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此事这样可怕。
Not all 并不是所有的（部分否定）
As…as…与……一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)
10. become the first Chinese astronaut in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员
11. His flight around the Earth Lasted about 22 hours.
他的环绕地球的飞行持续了22个小时。
12. Do you think sth. good can come out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事吗？Unit 4He said I was hard-working
【单元目标】
2．目标句型：
转述他人话语
What did sb. say?He said I …She said she…They said…
3．语法
直接引语和间接引语
【词汇学习】
1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的
She was mad with me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句）
He doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。
3．however adv．无论如何
He can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。
4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么?
5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的
I felt very nervous when I went into his office．
当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
6．semester n．一学期；半年
We will have ten subjects in this semester．这个学期我们将学十门功课。
7．disappointing adj．令人失望的
Maybe this news is disappointing ．也许这是一个令人失望的消息。
8．be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该
You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。
9．get mad 变疯；变得着迷
She gets mad about going to dance．她对跳舞着了迷。
10．get over 恢复，克服困难
Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗?
11. first of all 首先
12. pass on 传递
13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求……
14. do better in 在......方面做得更好
15. be in good health 身体健康
16. report card 成绩单
17. get over克服；恢复；原谅
18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放
19. care for照料；照顾
20．have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会
21．be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒
【重点句型分析】
1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？
you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas
2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？
That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something.
3. Lana said she wasn‘t mad at Marcia anymore.拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。
be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火
be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火
eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours.
（此处的got mad at = was mad at）
not… anymore不再……
eg. She didn‘t cry anymore.她不再哭了。
4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书
bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处）
而其反义词为：take… to―从（近处）拿（走）到（远处）eg. Could you bring some water to me?
Please take the chair to Jim‘s room.
5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人
pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人
eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.
6.You want to know why C didn‘t return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。
此句中why C didn‘t return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序）
7．You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.
你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。
be supposed to do ……被期望，应该(做……)
eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。
【课文解析】
1. In English, I‘m better at reading than listening.
在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。
be better at doing (than doing)是be good at ……的比较级，意思为―更擅长……‖ eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball?
2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。
better 是well的比较级
do well in 在…方面做得好eg. Does she do well in physics?
3. I finished my end –of –year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。
finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?
4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。
5. It‘s not right to copy other‘s homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。
请记住这一句型：It‘s right for sb to do …
It‘s right for sb to do…
6. I said I didn‘t think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework.
我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。
注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性
注意2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同
7. She said it was much better if she din her own work.
她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。
much +比较级，意思是―…得多‖
e.g. He runs much faster than I.
8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you.
在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。
此句中may+ 动词原形，表示―可能……‖
sound like +名词，意思为―听起来像……‖
9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in China‘s rural areas.
每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。
send …to …派，送…到…
10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔2千米。
11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了
make sb. do 使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to）
12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。
love doing (to do)
13.There of ten isn‘t money for education.经常没有钱来受教育。
14. I can open up my students‘ eyes to the outside world.
我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。
15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点
give sb. sth.给某人某物
16. She said she likes being a good influence in the c hildren‘s lives.
她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。
17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much.
杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。
18. care for ―Mother Earth‖关心―地球母亲‖
19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物
20. I can‘t do anything about that. 我对于那件事无能为力。
【词语辨析】
1. hard working 与work hard
前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：a hard-working student ; He is hard-working. 后者是一个动词短语，―努力工作‖hard 是副词，修饰动作work.
eg. Alice works hard.
2. forget to do 与forget doing…
前者是―忘记做……‖(to do 表示将来的动作)
e.g. Don‘t forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。
She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。
后者是―忘记曾做……‖(通常与will, shall, never连用)
eg. I‘ll never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧。
【重难点分析】
直接引语和间接引语
（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
例如：Tom said to me,―My brother is doing his homework.‖
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。
例如：She asked Jack, ―Where have you been?‖ →She asked Jack where he had been.
He said, ―These books are mine.‖
→He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语
陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.”he told us. ―我想要蓝色的。‖ 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。
She said to me, ―You can‘t settle anything now.‖
她对我说：―此刻你无法解决任何事情。‖
→She told me that I couldn‘t settle anything then.
她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。
如：―Has he ever worked in Shangha i?‖Jim asked. ―他在上海工作过吗？‖吉姆问。→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
―Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.
那个老人问：―你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to t he hospital.
那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。
如：―Which room do you live in?” He asked.―你住哪个房间？‖他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
―What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问―你怎么看这部电影？‖
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。
如：“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问：―这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？‖→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom‘s. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。―Does your sister like blu e dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.
―你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？‖凯特问。→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语
当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。
如：Jack s aid, ―Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：―玛丽，明天请到我家来。‖
→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students,―Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：―不要讲话了。‖→The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。
―Don’t touch anything.” He said.―不要碰任何东西。‖他说。
→He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：
直接引语间接引语
today that day
now then, at that moment
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days
next week/ month etc the next week/month etc
last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before
here there
this that
these those
come go
bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时；―I feel better today.‖ He said. ―我今天感觉好多了。‖他说。→He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了。
现在进行时变为过去进行时；
―Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said. ―小明正在洗衣服。‖妈妈说。
→Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。Unit 5If you go to the party，you‘ll have a great time!
【单元目标】
Ⅱ．Sentence structures：
1. If you do, you‘ll…
2. I‘m going to …
3. You should…
4. Don‘t you want to …?
5. Don‘t you think … ?
Ⅲ．语法小结
1. if条件句
2. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
一. if条件句
1. if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是―如果‖的意思。
构成条件从句主句
时态If＋一般现在时主语＋shall/will+动词原形
例句If he comes, he will take us to the zoo.
2. 用法：
(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为―如果、假如‖，主句不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。
If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误)
If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)
(2)if ―如果‖，引导条件状语从句，if从句则用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如：If it rains to morrow, I shan‘t climb the hills.
If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.
注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if―是否‖相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。
二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词，如：We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。
新目标八年级英语下册短语归纳全册Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. in the future 在将来 2. live to (be) … years old活到……岁 3. in 100 years 一百年后 4. free time 空闲时间 5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到 6. high school 高中 7. computer programmer 电脑程序员 8. on a space station 太空站 9. fall/be in love with … 爱上…… 10. go skating 去滑冰 11. be able to 能，会 12. I disagree= I don’t agree我不同意 13. the World Cup 世界杯 14. keep pets养宠物 15. job interview 工作面试 16. fly…to… 乘坐…飞往… 17. come true 实现，成为现实 18. see sb. do sth./see sb doing sth 看见某人做了/正在做某事19. one’s own … 某人自己的……my own pen 20. science fiction movies 科幻影片 21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23. the same as 和……相同 24. wake up 醒来；唤醒 26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事 27. get bored 变得厌倦 28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地 29.make predictions 做预测 30.predict the future 预测未来 31.look for寻找 32.the head of ….的老板 33.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 34.be used by 被用 35.less pollution 更少的污染 36. live alone 单独居住
新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 thanks to多亏于；由于14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31.be in control of 掌管；管理32.give up 放弃
(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, quite a few, most, something, nothing, everyone, of course, myself, yourself 能掌握以下句型： ①—Where did you go on vacation? —I went to the mountains. ②—Where did Tina to on vacation? —She went to the beach. ③—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I did.No, I didn’t. 2) 能了解以下语法： —复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。—yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 3）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流，培养学生的环保意识，热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点： 1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。
2) yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 三、教学过程 Ⅰ. Lead-in 1. 看动画片来进入本课时的主题谈论上周末做了些什么事情，谈论过去发生的事情。 Ⅱ. Presentation 1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Let Ss read the expressions. 2. Focus attention on the picture. Ask: What can you see? Say: Each picture shows something a person did in the past. Name each activity and ask students to repeat: Stayed at the screen. Say: Look at the picture A. Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to mountains. Ask: What did the person do in each picture? 2. Play the recording the first time. 3. Play the recording a second time. Say: There are three conversations. The people talk about what did on vacation. Listen to the recording and write numbers of the names in the right boxes of the picture. 4. Check the answers. IV．Pair work 1. Point out the sample conversation. Ask two Ss to read the conversation to the class. 2. Now work with a partner. Make your own conversation about the people
Unit 1 1.问题；事情matter 2.怎么了？出什么事了？What’s the matter? 3.疼痛的；酸痛的sore 4.感冒have a cold 5.胃痛；腹痛stomachache 6.胃痛have a stomachache 7.脚；足foot 8.颈；脖子neck 9.胃；腹部stomach 10.咽喉；喉咙throat 11.发烧fever 12.躺，平躺lie 13.躺下lie down 14.放松；休息rest 15.咳嗽cough 16.X射线；X光X-ray 17.牙痛toothache 18.量体温take one’s temperature 19.头痛headache 20.发烧have a fever 21.间歇；休息break
22.休息take breaks (take a break) 23.（使）疼痛；受伤hurt 24.乘客；旅客passenger 25.离开（某处）；不工作；从......去掉off 26.下车get off 27.使......惊讶的；出乎......意料to one’s surprise 28.向；朝onto 29.问题；苦恼trouble 30.击；打hit 31.立即；马上right away 32.陷入；参与get into 33.（she的反身代词）她自己herself 34.绷带；用绷带包扎bandage 35.生病的；有病的sick 36.膝；膝盖knee 37.鼻出血nosebleed 38.呼吸breathe 39.晒伤的sunburned 40.（we的反身代词）我们自己ourselves 41.登山者；攀登者climber 42.习惯于......；适应于......be used to 43.危险；风险；冒险risk
2014年春新人教版八年级下册英语全册短语Unit 1 What’s the m atter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without th inking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
【新目标八年级下英语教学案例】新目标八年级下册英语 新目标八年级下英语教学案例Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? (Section A) 海原三中马玉兰［设计理念］以任务为中心的任务型语言教学是目前交际教学思想中的一种新的发展形态。它倡导“在做中学，在做中用”的教育理念，将语言应用的基本理念转化为具有实践意义的课堂教学方式。运用学习任务组织教学，强化了语言实践的过程，充分体现了语言的交际本质。在英语课堂上，实施任务和开展活动具有很大的挑战性，需要在实际操作中对教材进行重新整合，并要根据学生的环境和接受能力来开展行之有效的任务和活动。同时利用多媒体和网络技术，帮助解决教学难题。这样，既能为学生创设真实可视的英语学习环境，也能激发学生积极参与的欲望，引起学生的共鸣和兴趣。 ［教材分析］教学内容为新目标英语八年级上册第六单元Section A 。学习内容主要体现在以下三点： 1. 学习并掌握下列单词： allow, wrong. midnight, guess, deal, 2. 能正确使用以下常用表达： What’s wrong? Look through big deal work out too much, too many, get into a fight with sb, allow sb to do sth, so that, be good at doing, find sb doing, No problem. 3. 能熟练掌握并使用下列重点句式： A: What’s wrong? B: I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. A: Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? ［学生分析］1、利用多媒体课件上英语课，学生视听感受明显，表现出极大兴趣，在欣赏和享受中学习，学习效果很明显。 2、对于我校学生以前已经接触过给人礼貌提建议的句型结构。通过对本课的学习可以系统的学习如何表达自己的麻烦和苦以及给人合理的，好的建议。掌握用正确的语言结构表达自己及他人的麻烦和苦恼并给于相应的建议。 ［教学目标］1、知识目标：通过听说训练，学会谈论问题并给出相应建议, 注意连词的使用。 2、能力目标：培养学生的口头表达能力、阅读理解能力和写作能力。 3、情感文化目标：通过本课的学习，培养学生善于表达自己的问题，并乐于找到解决的办法，建立开朗健康的人格。 ［教学重难点］1、Talk about problems and give advice. 正确使用本课常用表达； 听力训练。 教学方法：情景教学法； 任务型教学法。 Step 1 Lead-in T：I had a fight with my best friends yesterday.What should I do ? S：You should say “sorry ”to him . T：What other good advice can you give me ? S：You could write a letter to him. T：Now ,You can also say “Why don”t you say “sorry ”to him? And “Why don’t you write a letter to your friend? 设计目的:［1、平时师生间接触多，但学生与老师的家人接触甚少，利用学生的心理和想象空间，调动学生的学习兴趣，增进师生间的相互了解。2、了解学生对已学过的形容词比较级和最高级的掌握程度，为下一步巩固学习做好铺垫。］Step 2 Revision 1、Revise the problems that you have learnt before.: Divide the class into four groups and have a competition.See which group of the students can get as much as
Unit 1What's the matter? Language Goals Learn to talk about health problems and accidents. Give
本单元教材以“What's the matter？”为中心话题，围绕着询问及描述“身体状况”进行学习和运用几个常见的句型：What's the matter? I have a stomachache./What's the matter with Ben? He has a sore back./Do you have a fever？No，I don't./What should I do? You should take your temperature./ Should I put some medicine on it? Yes，you should.等。让学生知道怎样表达身体的不适及正确地处理生活中的一些事情。在学习过程中，学生在交流中，能促进师生之间的感情。Section A 主要学习怎样表达身体的不适并给出合理性的建议。应掌握句型：What's the matter? I have a stomachache.What should I do？等。短文“Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man”介绍了一位公共汽车司机及乘客救一位老人的故事，增加了学生的阅读量。Section B安排了听、说、读、写的任务，教师在教学中应合理利用课本上的知识进行教学。 第一课时Section A(1a－2d) Teaching Key Points【教学重点】 The vocabulary： matter，throat，foot，stomach，toothache，headache，have a stomachache，have a cold，lie down，take one's temperature，have a fever，go to a doctor Target language： 1.What's the matter? I have a stomachache. 2．What should I do? Should I take my temperature? 3．I think you should lie down and rest. Teaching Difficult Points【教学难点】 Use the target language above to talk about health problems and give advice. Teaching Aids【教学工具】 an English book，a tape recorder and CAI Teaching Steps【教学过程】 ★Step 1Preview and perception【预习感知】 Ask the students to read the vocabulary and target language. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成句子。 1．—What's the matter with her? —She has a very sore t______ now. 2．He ate too much，so he had a s______． 3．If you feel tired，you should l______ down and rest. 4．If you ______(咳嗽)，drink some hot tea with honey. 5．He wants to see a dentist，because he has a ______(牙疼)．
人教版最新八年级英语下册知识点全 总结!Unit1 what' s the matter? 1. It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。 It’s important to do sth.做某事很重要。 It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’s easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。 It’s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。 2.情态动词should的用法 should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。 should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。 eg. ---I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。 ---You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。 3. maybe与may be （1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 （2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如： He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。 4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, quite a few, most, something, nothing, everyone, of course, myself, yourself 能掌握以下句型： ①—Where did you go on vacation? —I went to the mountains. ②—Where did Tina to on vacation? —She went to the beach. ③—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 2) 能了解以下语法： —复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 —yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 3）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流，培养学生的环保意识，热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点： 1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 2) yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 三、教学过程 Ⅰ. Lead-in 1. 看动画片来进入本课时的主题谈论上周末做了些什么事情，谈论过去发生的事情。 Ⅱ. Presentation 1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Let Ss read the expressions. 2. Focus attention on the picture. Ask: What can you see? Say: Each picture shows something a person did in the past. Name each activity and ask students to repeat: Stayed at home, Went to mountains, went to New York City 6. Went to the beach, visited my uncle, visited museums, went to summer camp 3. Now, please match each phrase with one of the pictures next to the name of the activity，point to the sample answer. 4. Check the answers. Answers: 1. f 2. b 3. g 4. e 5. c 6. a 7. d III. Listening 1. Point to the picture on the screen. Say: Look at the picture A. Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to mountains. Ask: What did the person do in each picture? 2. Play the recording the first time. 3. Play the recording a second time. Say: There are three conversations. The people talk about what did on vacation. Listen to the recording and write numbers of the names in the right boxes of the picture. 4. Check the answers. IV．Pair work 1. Point out the sample conversation. Ask two Ss to read the conversation to the class.
八年级英语第一单元知识点归纳 1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物 2. go up 上升，与rise 同义，与go down 或set 相反 3. make a noise 发出声响，吵闹 4. arrive in 到达，表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时，用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时，用介词at ；到达的地方用副词表示时，可不用介词。 5. not…until…直到……才…… 6. see…doing…停止做某事 7. go cycling 相当于go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。 8. hit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”，表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。 9. turn around 转身 10. fall off 摔下来 11. give sb. a push 推某人一下 12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 13. get off 从……下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。 14. think about 思考、想起、想到（某人或某事） 15. all day 一整天 16. one by one 一个接一个地，类似有year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。 17. hold on 有两个意思，一个是“（电话）不挂断”；一个是“抓紧”。 18. come down 下来 八年级英语第二单元知识点归纳 1. grow into 长成…… 2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物 3. billions of 数十亿的，hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体数字时，其本身用单数形式，直接修饰名词；表示一个笼统的概念时，这些词用复数形式，而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。 4. look after = take care of 照顾，照料。 5. be full of 满，充满=be filled with 6. be made of/from由……制成，be made of 表示在制成的过程中，原材料没有发生质的变化；be made from 表示在制成的过程中，原材料发生质的变化。be made by 被（某人）制造；be made in 在（某地）制造 7. carry away 把……搬（移）走 8. on the tree 在树上，指的是树上本身的东西，即长在树上；in the tree 也表示在树上，但它所指的是外来的东西，不是树本身的东西。 9. make …into 把……制成…… 10. half of ……中的一半，当它所指代的是不可数名词时，代表单数，如果half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数，那么它所代表的也是复数概念。 11. look like 看起来像 12. use … to do sth.用……来做……，其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。 13. put … outside /on /into…把……放在……的外边/上面/里面 14. turn into 变成；turn…into… 把……变成…… 八年级英语第三单元知识点归纳 1. play with与……一起玩；拿……来玩 2. slow down 慢下来 3. come from = be from 来自 4. all kinds of 各种各样的；different kinds of 不同种类的；a kind of 一种 5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保护、保卫某人/某事物不受……的侵害。 6. go extinct 灭绝 7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（在主动语态中from可以省略，在被动语态中from不可以省略） 8. make friends with 与……交朋友 1
1.p6 UNIT 1 3a:In ten years,I think I"ll be a reporter.I"ll live inShanghai, 十年后，我想我会成为一名记者。我将住在上海因为去年我去了上海，立即爱上了这座城市。上海真的是座优美的城市。作为一名记者，我想我会遇到很多有趣的人。我想我会和自己最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因为我不愿意独居。我会养宠物，因为我妈妈讨厌宠物，况且公寓太小；所以我现在一个宠物也没有。十年后，我会拥有许多不同的宠物。我可能甚至养一只鹦鹉！我也许每天去溜冰和游泳。工作日里，我每天打扮精干或许会着一身西装。逢到周末，我穿得更休闲些。我想我会去香港度假，甚至有一天我会去澳大利亚游览。 1.p8 UNIT 1 3a:Do you think you will have your own robot? 你认为你将会有属于自己的机器人么？ 在一些科幻电影里，未来的人们都拥有自己的机器人。这些机器人就像人类一样。他们帮助人们做家务和大多数令人感到厌烦的工作。 一些科学家相信将来会有这样的机器人。然而他们赞同者也需要花几百年的时间才能成为现实。科学家们正在试图研制看似人类且能和我们作相同工作的机器人。一些日本的公司已经制造出能走路和跳舞的机器人。这种机器人看起来非常有趣。 但是研究机器人的科学家詹姆斯怀特并不认同这类观点。他认为要让机器人向人类一样做事情是非常困难的。比如说，对一个孩子来说要醒来并知道自己身处何处是很简单的。怀特认为机器人不能做到这一点。但是其他的科学家并不赞成。他们认为在未来的25到30年间，机器人就能和人类谈话。 研究机器人的科学家们不只是在试图让机器人外观接近人类。比如说，现在已经有能在工厂工作的机器人了。这些机器人看起来就像巨大的胳膊。他们能一边又一遍重复简单的工作。人类不喜欢做这类工作而且容易对此感到厌烦。但机器人永远不会厌倦。 在未来，将到处都有更多的机器人，而人类要做的工作就更少了。新的机器人会有很多不同的形状。一些看起来像人类，其他的可能像蛇。在发生地震后，一种蛇形机器人能够帮助寻找建筑下埋着的人。这在现在看来还不可实现，但在一百年之前，电脑，太空火箭甚至电动牙刷也被视作不可能的存在的。我们永远都不能了解未来会发生什么！
八年级英语下册知识点第1页共17 页 新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳 Unit 1 What ’s the matter? 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one ’s temperature have a f ever go to a doctor to one ’s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.） give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What ’s the matter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What ’s wrong with you?/ What ’s the trouble?matter 作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter? It doesn ’t matter.【例题】Does it ________ if we can ’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”．have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下4.That ’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably 意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn ’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 expect 的常见用法:expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his d aughter ’ｓ visit. expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? 单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie 说谎lied lied lying lie 躺，平放 lay lain lying
i on? o n A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词： e lf 能掌握以下句型： — i o — a ins. — — . — e? —Y ./N ’ . 2) 能了解以下语法： —复合不定代词some i ng等的用法。 — f等反身代词的用法。 3）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流，培养学生的环保意识，热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点： 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点： 1) 复合不定代词some i ng等的用法。 2) f等反身代词的用法。 三、教学过程 Ⅰ. Lead-in 1. 看动画片来进入本课时的主题谈论上周末做了些什么事情，谈论过去发生的事情。 Ⅱo n . . s. . . h ing a . N t: N Y . , r camp . N e r es next to the name of the i ty，r. . . r s: 1. f 2. b 3. g 4. e 5. c 6. a 7. d
n ing . n. r e . a ins. r e? . time. . d time. . . r e. . r s. IV．Pair work . . . . N . r e. . .r oom and give any help they need. . o ns. n ing . ’ . .Yes, or No.
最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全 Unit 1 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctor to one’s surprise agree to (do sth.)get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.）give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What’s the matter (w ith you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有： What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble? matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesn’t matter. 【例题】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”. have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下 4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。 5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didn’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。 6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。 （名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.
人教版新目标（新）八年级下册电子教案 Unit 1What's the matter? 第一课时Section A (1a-2d) 1.重点单词：matter，back，sore，throat，stomachache，foot，neck，stomach，fever，lie，rest，cough，X-ray，toothache，headache 2．重点短语：have a sore throat，have a stomachache，have a cold，lie down，take one's temperature，have a fever，go to a doctor 3．重点句式： —What's the matter? —She talked too much yesterday and didn't drink enough water.She has a very sore throat now. You should drink some hot tea with honey. It doesn't sound like you have a fever. You need to take breaks away from the computer. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow，then go to a doctor. 1．重点短语和句型 2．询问对方身体状况的句型及答语 询问对方身体状况的句型及答语 一、预习课本P1-2新单词并背诵，完成下面的汉译英。 1．问题____________ 2.背部____________ 3．疼痛的____________ 4.嗓子____________ 5．胃痛____________ 6.脚____________ 7．脖子____________ 8.胃____________ 9．发烧____________ 10.平躺____________ 11．休息____________ 12.咳嗽____________ 13．X光____________ 14.牙疼____________ 15．头疼____________ 二、认真预习1a-2d找出下列短语和句型。 1．你应该喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2．听起来你不像是发烧了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 你需要休息远离电脑。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4．我想我以同样的方式坐得太久没有动了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5．如果你的头和脖子明天仍然疼，就去看医生。