Distance scale and variable stars in Local Group Galaxies LMC and Fornax

太空旅行作文英文4篇1. The Wonders of Space Travel。

Space travel, a concept that has fascinated humanityfor generations, represents the pinnacle of human ingenuity and exploration. The allure of venturing beyond the confines of our planet, to explore the vast expanse of the cosmos, ignites a sense of wonder and curiosity within us. As we embark on this journey of discovery, we are confronted with the immense challenges and extraordinary opportunities that await us.One of the most captivating aspects of space travel is the opportunity to witness the beauty of our universe firsthand. From the breathtaking view of Earth suspended in the vastness of space to the awe-inspiring sight of distant galaxies and nebulae, every moment spent in space is filled with wonder and amazement. The sheer scale and complexity of the cosmos serve as a reminder of our place in the universe and the boundless potential that lies beyond.Moreover, space travel holds the promise of unlocking the mysteries of the universe and advancing our understanding of the cosmos. Through scientific research conducted aboard space stations and exploration missions to distant planets, we gain valuable insights into the origins of the universe, the formation of celestial bodies, and the conditions necessary for life to exist. These discoveries not only deepen our understanding of the universe but also pave the way for future generations to explore and inhabit other worlds.However, space travel is not without its challenges. The harsh conditions of space, including extreme temperatures, radiation exposure, and microgravity, pose significant risks to human health and safety. Furthermore, the vast distances involved in interstellar travel present formidable technical and logistical hurdles that must be overcome. Despite these challenges, the spirit of exploration and the quest for knowledge drive us to push the boundaries of what is possible and strive towards new horizons.In conclusion, space travel represents a testament to the ingenuity, curiosity, and adventurous spirit of humanity. By venturing into the unknown and exploring the mysteries of the cosmos, we expand our horizons, deepen our understanding of the universe, and inspire future generations to reach for the stars.2. The Future of Space Tourism。

白天看到一个太阳晚上看到无数个星星的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Celestial Dance: Marveling at the Sun and StarsEver since I was a little kid, I've been fascinated by the celestial dance that plays out in the sky day and night. During the day, the magnificent sun reigns supreme, radiating its brilliant warmth and light. But when night falls, the sun's solo performance gives way to an ensemble cast of twinkling stars that illuminate the inky blackness with their mesmerizing glow. This dynamic contrast between day and night has captivated my imagination for as long as I can remember.The rising sun heralds the start of each new day, gently peeking over the horizon and gradually bathing the world in its radiant splendor. As the morning progresses, the sun climbs higher into the sky, casting its golden rays upon the earth and breathing life into every corner of our world. I've spent countless hours simply gazing up at the sun, marveling at its sheer power and majesty. Despite its immense size and distance from Earth,the sun's brilliance is so intense that I can scarcely look directly at it without squinting.Yet, as awe-inspiring as the sun is during the day, it's the night sky that truly sets my soul alight with wonder and curiosity. As the sun dips below the horizon, the inky blackness of space slowly unveils its celestial treasures, one twinkling star at a time. Before long, the entire night sky is awash in a dazzling display of countless pinpricks of light, each one a distant sun like our own, shining across the vast expanse of the cosmos.I've spent many a night lying on my back, gazing up at the stars in quiet contemplation. Their sheer number is staggering, and the realization that each one represents an entire solar system, or even an entire galaxy, is simply mind-boggling. As I trace the familiar constellations with my eyes, weaving together the ancient mythological tales they represent, I can't help but feel a profound sense of humility and insignificance in the face of such cosmic grandeur.But the stars' allure extends far beyond their sheer abundance and mythological associations. Each one is a unique and fascinating entity, with its own story to tell. Some burn with a brilliant white-hot intensity, while others radiate a warm, reddish glow. Some appear to twinkle and dance, while others shine witha steady, unwavering light. And some even explode in spectacular fashion, their dying gasps visible from Earth as fleeting bursts of brilliance before fading back into the cosmic darkness.As I ponder the celestial dance of the sun and stars, I can't help but feel a deep sense of awe and reverence for the natural world and the vast, unknowable mysteries of the universe. The sun, our nearest star, sustains all life on Earth with its warmth and light, while the countless other stars that adorn the night sky hint at the existence of countless other worlds, some perhaps even harboring their own forms of life.Yet, for all their grandeur and magnificence, the sun and stars also serve as a humbling reminder of our own fragility and insignificance in the grand scheme of the cosmos. We are but tiny specks in a vast, ever-expanding universe, our existence a mere blink of an eye in the cosmic timeline. And yet, we are also inextricably linked to the celestial dance that unfolds above us, our very existence made possible by the fusion reactions that power the stars and the elements they forge and disperse throughout the cosmos.As I gaze up at the heavens, I can't help but feel a profound sense of connection to something larger than myself, somethingthat transcends the boundaries of our tiny planet and spans the entire universe. The sun and stars are not just mere celestial objects, but rather the embodiment of the fundamental forces that govern our existence and the very fabric of reality itself.In the end, my fascination with the sun and stars is more than just a passing fancy or casual interest. It is a deep, abiding love and respect for the natural world and the cosmic mysteries that surround us. It is a recognition of our place in the grand tapestry of the universe, and a reminder that even in our most profound moments of existential crisis or personal struggle, we are part of something larger, something ancient and enduring, something that will endure long after we are gone.So, whether I'm basking in the warmth of the sun's radiant glow or losing myself in the twinkling tapestry of the night sky, I am forever in awe of the celestial dance that unfolds above me, a dance that has been playing out for billions of years and will continue to do so for billions more. And in those quiet moments of contemplation and wonder, I feel a profound sense of connection to the cosmos, a connection that transcends the boundaries of time and space and reminds me of the beauty, majesty, and mystery that surrounds us all.篇2The Wonders of the Celestial Worlds AboveHave you ever really stopped to ponder the celestial wonders that surround us? I must admit, for most of my life I took the beauty of the heavens for granted. The sun rose each morning, and I went about my day without much thought. The stars twinkled at night, and I paid them little mind. It wasn't until I was a bit older that I began to appreciate the trulyawe-inspiring marvels overhead.During the day, the sun is the star of the show - quite literally! That blazing orb in the sky is what makes life possible on our planet. As I gaze up at the sun, I'm amazed by its immense power and scale. It is a whirling sphere of hot plasma, fusing hydrogen nuclei into heavier atoms through nuclear fusion. This continuous reaction pours out tremendous amounts of energy in the form of light and heat.The sun is absolutely colossal - its diameter spans nearly 1.4 million kilometers! To put that in perspective, you could line up 109 Earths across the sun's disk. Despite its gargantuan size, the sun is actually considered an average-sized star. There are many larger stars out there burning even more ferociously in the cosmos.Yet from our vantage point here on Earth, the sun appears to be just the right size and brightness for life to flourish. Its heat warms our world to the perfect temperature for liquid water to exist. Its light allows plants to grow through photosynthesis, providing the base for virtually all food chains. The sun's rays even help generate Vitamin D in our bodies. Truly, the sun is the giver of life itself.Of course, we can't stare directly at the sun's brilliant face for long. Its dazzling light is simply too intense for our weak eyes. But that doesn't stop me from admiring the sun through a proper filter during the day. I've seen images of sunspots - dark blotches on the sun caused by intense magnetic activity. I've watched footage of solar flares bursting from the sun's surface, sending charged particles hurtling through space at millions of miles per hour. The sun is not just a static ball of fire - it is a roiling, chaotic sphere of plasma constantly changing and shifting in mind-boggling ways.Then, when night falls, an entirely new kind of spectacle emerges overhead. The inky black canvas of the night sky becomes a sparkling tapestry woven with thousands - no, millions - of twinkling stars. Every one of those pinpricks of light is a searing star, not so different from our own sun. Some areyounger, bluer, and more energetic. Others are older, redder, and nearing the ends of their stellar lives. A few may have burned out long ago, now existing as dense remnants invisible to our eyes. Together, they form the vast, sweeping spiral arms of our home galaxy, the Milky Way.On a clear night away from city lights, I could spend hours outside gazing upon the breathtaking expanse of the Milky Way arching across the heavens. Within its billion-mile diameter are hundreds of billions of stars. Our sun is just one solitary, unremarkable resident among that multitudinous stellar population. Yet our sun has qualities that make it rare and precious - it resides in one of the Milky Way's sparse outer arms, far from the galaxy's chaotic, crowded core. It is situated in a relatively uncrowded region of space with very little interstellar dust and gas to obscure the view. And most篇3The Great Celestial ShowHave you ever really stopped to ponder the heavens? I mean, have you truly taken the time to gaze up at the cosmic wonders that grace our skies? If you haven't, you're missing out on one of the greatest shows nature has to offer – a spellbinding spectaclethat plays out in the celestial theater twice a day, every single day.Let me set the stage for you. It's early morning, that magical time when night is loosening its grip and day is stirring awake. You step outside, and there it is – the star of the show itself, the sun! Ah, that brilliant golden orb, regal and radiant, slowly cresting over the horizon. It's like the curtain rising on an epic performance, revealing our solar system's reigning diva ready to deliver yet another showstopping turn.As the sun continues its stately ascent into the sky's dome, you can't help but be awestruck by its dazzling light and warmth caressing your face. This is no mere lightbulb in the heavens, my friends. No, this is a true celestial superstar, a searing sphere of plasma measuring over a million miles across and burning at temperatures that would make the heart of a raging furnace feel like a lazy summer afternoon. Mind-boggling, isn't it?Yet for as hypnotic as the sun's morning unveiling is, it's just the opening act. You see, the real mind-blowing extravaganza unfolds after that fiery diva has had her time in the spotlight and decided to call it a day, exiting the celestial stage as regally as she arrived. As night falls and the sky's inky curtain draws closed,an entirely new effervescent ensemble begins to assemble, ready to enchant us with the evening's performance.First, a few bright harbingers twinkle to life as night's dusky veil settles over the horizon, sending shivers of goosebumps along your arms. Those pinpoint blazes of brilliance are likely the evening's featured players – Venus, Jupiter, Mars, perhaps –warming up with their solo sets before the real celestial chorus kicks into full revelry. Watching those first few golden gems wink into existence is always a breathtaking thrill for me, a tantalizing preview of the cosmic magic about to unfold.Then, as the velvet backdrop of night grows complete, it begins – a veritable tsunami of starlight, an incandescent explosion rendering the sky alive with thousands upon thousands of shimmering fires. Out they pop, wave after wave of twinkling pinholes piercing the celestial dark, a blizzard of blazing lanterns strewn across the heavens like a glittering wildsown spangling of celestial diamonds flung from some divine jeweler's satchel. It's utterly breathtaking, an excessive embarrassment of riches calculated to leave your gaping senses reeling and your overbrimmed mind struggling to take in such undreamt-of splendor.And that's just the big picture view from Earth's surface. Zoom in a little closer on those glimmering specks with a telescope, and a vast new dimension of overwhelming grandeur comes spinning into focus. Whirlpools of stars wheel across your view, entire galaxies of unfathomable size and composition blooming into view like titanic celestial cities, each one an inconceivable conflagration burning with the fire of billions upon billions of individual suns in a single colossal congregation of stellar light and heat and raw power.Whole clusters of these galactic leviathans parade across the eyepiece in intricate winding whirlpools of unfurling light, pulled into frenzied pirouettes by the relentless cyclonic tugs of gravity, all dancing together in an eternal cosmic ballet of dizzying revolutions. The human eye, so accustomed to the modest scale of our Earthly surroundings, simply cannot compute the immensities it's witnessing, the unimaginable abysses of space and time that these colossal pinwheels occupy, the ludicrous volumes of matter they contain, the wild pyrotechnics of atomic fire at their bright hearts. It's a privilege just to glimpse these marvels, a humbling opportunity to brush up against the achingly beautiful complexities of a universe so much vaster than our tiny planet-bound senses could ever have allowed us to conceive.And to think, this is just the grand finale sky show that plays after that celestial diva, the sun, has had her turn! The heavens' dual performance is a true cosmic double-header, a chance to daily witness both the mighty warmth-giver during her solar solo act as well as the dazzling encore chorus of stellar gemfire after she has departed the stage. It's a festival for the eyes and the soul, an extravagant twice。

星星离我们有多远知识梳理The distance between stars and us can be quite unimaginable. We can only appreciate the vastness of the universe when we start to think about the incredible distances involved. Stars are located in different parts of our Milky Way galaxy, which has a diameter of about 100,000 light-years. This means that the distance between stars can range from a few light-years to thousands of light-years.星星离我们的距离可能是难以想象的。

当我们开始思考涉及的不可思议的距离时，我们只能感受到宇宙的广大。

星星位于我们的银河系不同部分，银河系的直径约为10万光年。

这意味着星星之间的距离可以从几光年到数千光年不等。

The closest star to our solar system is Proxima Centauri, which is about light-years away from us. This star is part of the Alpha Centauri star system, which is the closest star system to us. Despite being the closest star to us, the distance is still incredibly vast in human terms. Imagine traveling at the speed of light, it would still take over four years to reach Proxima Centauri.我们太阳系中距离我们最近的星星是普罗克西马座C星，距我们约光年。

恒星中英文对照A - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他Acamar *θEri天园六2.91Achernar **αEri水委一0.46AchirdηCas王良三3.6d AcrabβSco房宿四2.55d Acrux **αCru十字架二0.79d Acubens *αCnc柳宿增三 4.3 AdaraεCMa弧矢七 1.5Adhafera *ξLeo轩辕十一 3.6Adhara *εCMa弧矢七 1.5AdhilνAnd奎宿七 4.2AgenaβCen马腹一0.61AinεTau毕宿一 3.6Ain al Ramiμ1Sgr斗宿三 4.8AkαUMa天枢 , 北斗一 1.79Al Anchat al Nahrτ2Eri天苑九 4.8Al AnfεPeg危宿三 2.39 dAl AnzεAur柱一 ( 毕宿 ) 2.99vAl AthfarμLyr织女增三 5.1Al AtikοPer 卷舌增七 3.8Al BaldahπSgr建三 2.89Al BaliεAqr女宿一 3.8Al ChibaαCrv右辖4Al DhanabβGru鹤二 2.1Al DhanabγGru败臼一 3.01Al DhibaιDra 左枢 , 紫微左垣一3.3Al DhihiιDra 左枢 , 紫微左垣一3.3Al DibahξDra 上弼 , 紫微左垣四3.2Al GiebaγLeo轩辕十二1.9d Al GiediαCap 牛宿二 3.6dAl HammamξPeg雷电一 3.4Al Kaff al Jidmah γCet天损八3.5d Al Kalb al AsadαLeo轩辕十四1.35d Al Kalb al Rai ρCep刍彛一 5.5Al KaphrahχUMa太阳守 3.7Al KirduhξCe p天钩六4.3d Al MankibαOri叁宿四0.5v Al Minliar al AsadκLeo轩辕七 4.5Al Minliar al GhurabαCrv右辖4Al Minliar al ShujaσHya柳宿二 4.4Al MizarβAnd奎宿九 2.06Al Na'ir *αGru鹤一 1.74Al NairαGru鹤一 1.74Al NaslγSgr箕宿一 2.99Al NathγDra天佾四 2.23Al NiyatσSco心宿一 2.89Al NiyatτSco心宿三 2.82Al RakisνDra天佾二5d Al ReschaαPsc外屏七4.3d Al RichaαPsc外屏七4.3d Al RijilαCen南门二-0.27d Al RischaαPsc 外屏七4.3d Al Rukbah al Dajajahω2Cyg天津增三十四 5.4 Al Sanam al NakahβCas王良一 2.27Al SheratainβAri娄宿一 2.64Al Suhail al MuhlifγVel天社一 1.8Al Suhail al WaznλVel天记 2.21Al TarfβCnc柳宿增十 3.5Al TinninαDra 右枢 , 紫微右垣一3.7注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星/ The 20 brightest stars in the sky v = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple starsA - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他AladfarηLyr辇道二 4.4AladfarμLyr织女增三 5.1AlamakγAnd天大将军一 2.26d AlanfεPeg危宿三 2.39d AlanzεAur柱一(毕宿) 2.99v AlaraphαVir角宿一0.98AlaraphβVir右执法 , 太微右垣一 3.6AlaraphεVir东次将 , 太微左垣四 2.83AlaschaλSco尾宿八 1.63AlascoηUMi勾陈增九5AlathfarμLyr织女增三 5.1AlbaldahπSgr建三 2.89Albali *εAqr女宿一 3.8AlbereoβCyg辇道增七3.08d Albireo *βCyg辇道增七3.08d AlbireorβCyg辇道增七3.08d AlcaidηUMa摇光 , 北斗七 1.86 Alchiba *αCrv右辖4AlchitaαCrv右辖4Alcor *80UMa开阳增一4Alcyo ne *ηTau昴宿六 2.87AlcyoneξTau天关3Aldebaran **αTau毕宿五0.85d AlderaiminαCep天钩五2.44 Alderamin *αCep天钩五 2.44AldhafaraξLeo轩辕十一 3.6AldhaferaξLeo轩辕十一 3.6AldhibahξDra上弼 , 紫微左垣四 3.2AldhibainηDra少宰 , 紫微左垣三 2.74AldibδDra天厨一 3.07AlfardαHya星宿一 1.98AlfeccaαCrA鳖六 4.1 Alfecca MeridianaαCrA鳖六 4.1Alfirk *βCep上卫增一(紫微左垣) 3.3AlgaθSer徐 , 天市左垣七4.5 AlgebarβOri叁宿七0.12d Algedi *α2Cap牛宿二 3.6d Algedi Primaα1Cap牛宿增六 4.2 Algedi Secundaα2Cap牛宿二3.6 AlgeibaγLeo轩辕十二1.9d Algenib *γPeg壁宿一2.83 AlgenibαPer天船三1.79 AlgenubiεLeo轩辕九2.98 Algieba *γLeo轩辕十二 1.9d AlgiediαCap牛宿二 3.6d AlgjebbathηOri叁宿增三3.4 AlgoersδCrv轸宿三2.95d Algol *βPer大陵五2.12v AlgomeylaβCMi南河二2.9 AlgomeysaαCMi南河三0.38 Algorab *δCrv轸宿三2.95d AlgoralδCrv轸宿三2.95d AlgorelδCrv轸宿三2.95d AlhajothαAur五车二0.08 Alhena *γGem 井宿三 1.93 AliathεUMa玉衡 , 北斗五 1.77AlifaξUMi勾陈四 4.3Alioth *εUMa玉衡, 北斗五1.77 AlkaffaljidhinaγCet天损八3.5d Alkaid *ηUMa摇光 , 北斗七1.86 Alkalurops *μBoo七公六 4.5AlkaphrahχUMa太阳守3.7 AlkauropsμBoo七公六 4.5 Alkes *αCrt翼宿一4.2 AlkhibaαCrv右辖4 AlkirdahξCep天钩六 4.3dAlkurhahξCep天钩六4.3d AlmaacγAnd天大将军一2.26d AlmaachγAnd天大将军一2.26d AlmaackγAnd天大将军一2.26d AlmaakγAnd天大将军一 2.26d AlmaazεAur柱一(毕宿) 2.99v Almach *γAnd天大将军一2.26d AlmakγAnd天大将军一2.26d AlmeisanγGem井宿三1.93 AlmuredinεVir东次将 , 太微左垣四 2.83 AlnairαGru鹤一1.74 Alnasl *γSgr箕宿一2.99 AlnasrγSgr箕宿一2.99 AlnathαAri娄宿三2AlnathγDra天佾四2.23 AlnathβTau五车五1.65 AlnihanεOri 叁宿二1.7 Alnilam *εOri叁宿二1.7 AlnitahξOri叁宿一 1.76 Alnitak *ξOri叁宿一1.76 AlnitamεOri叁宿二1.7 AlniyatσSco心宿一 2.89 AlphacaαCrB贯索四 2.23 AlphaccaαCrB贯索四 2.23 Alphard *αHya星宿一1.98 AlphartαHya星宿一1.98 Alphecca *αCrB贯索四2.23 AlphekkaαCrB贯索四2.23 AlpheratαAnd壁宿二2.06 Alpheratz *αAnd壁宿二2.06 AlphirkβCep上卫增一(紫微左垣) 3.3 AlraiγCep少卫增八(紫微左垣) 3.9 Alrakis *μDra天佾增九5.1 AlramiαSgr天渊三4.1 Alrescha *αPsc外屏七 4.3dAlrischaαPsc外屏七 4.3d AlrishaαPsc外屏七 4.3d AlruccabahαUMi勾陈一, 北极星2.02d AlsafiσDra天厨二4.7 AlsahmαSge左旗一4.4 AlschainβAql河鼓一3.7 AlschairnβAql河鼓一3.7 Alsciaukat31Lyn上台增四4.3 Alshain *βAql河鼓一3.7 AlshatνCap牛宿增七4.6 AlshemaliμLeo轩辕十3.9 AlsuhailλVel天记 2.21 Altair **αAql河鼓二0.77 Alt ais *δDra天厨一 3.07 AltarfβCnc柳宿增十 3.5Alterf *λLeo轩辕八4.3 AlthafiσDra天厨二4.7 AlthalimainλAql 天弁七3.6 Aludra *ηCMa弧矢二2.45 Alula Australis *ξUMa下台二 , 三台六 3.9Alula AustraleξUMa下台二 , 三台六 3.9Alula BorealeνUMa下台一 , 三台五 3.7Alula Borealis *νUMa下台一, 三台五3.7 Alwa idβDra天佾三2.79 AlwazlγSgr箕宿一2.99 AlwaznδCMa弧矢一 1.84Alya *σSer徐 , 天市左垣七 4.5AlzirrξGem井宿四 3.4注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星 / The 20 brightest starsin the skyv = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple starsA - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他Amazon StarγOri叁宿五1.64Ancha *θAqr泣二 4.3Anchatτ2Eri天苑九 4.8Angel SternαUMi勾陈一, 北极星2.02d Angetenarτ2Eri天苑九 4.8Ankaa *αPhe火鸟六 2.39AnserαVul齐增五 4.4Antares **αSco心宿二0.96d AntecanisαCMi南河三0.38ApolloαGem北河二1.58d Arcturus **αBoo大角-0.04ArichγVir东上相 , 太微左垣二2.75d AridedαCyg天津四 1.25 AridifαCyg天津四 1.25ArietisαAri娄宿三2Arkab *βSgr天渊一 , 天渊二4.3d Arkeb Posteriorβ2Sgr天渊一4.5Arkeb Priorβ1Sgr天渊二 4.3Arneb *αLep厕一 2.58ArraiγCep少卫增八(紫微左垣) 3.9ArrakisμDra天佾增九 5.1ArriophαCyg天津四 1.25Asad AustralisεLeo轩辕九 2.98Ascella *ξSgr斗宿六 2.6AschereαCMa天狼-1.46d Asellus Australis *δCnc鬼宿四 4.2 Asellus Borealis *γCnc鬼宿三 4.7Asellus PrimusθBoo天枪三 4.1Asellus SecundusιBoo天枪二 4.8Asellus TertiusκBoo天枪一 4.5AshtarothαCrB贯索四 2.23AsmidiskeιCar海石二2.25 AsmidiskeξPup弧矢增十七3.5 Aspidiske *ιCar海石二 2.25 AspidiskeξPup弧矢增十七 3.5 AsterionβCVn常陈四 4.3 Asterope21Tau昴宿三5.8 AsuiaβDra天佾三 2.79 AtairαAql河鼓二0.77 AthafiσDra天厨二 4.7 AthafiyyσDra天厨二 4.7AtiοPer卷舌增七 3.8Atik *οP er卷舌增七 3.8AtiksοPer卷舌增七 3.8Atlas *27Tau昴宿七 3.8Atria *αTrA三角形三1.92 AuvaδVir东次相 , 太微左垣三 3.4Avior *εCar海石一1.86 Azelfafageπ1Cyg雈蛇四 4.8Azha *ηEri天苑六4.1 AzimechαVir角宿一0.98 AzmidiskeιCar 海石二2.25 AzmidiskeξPup弧矢增十七3.5 BahamθPeg危宿二 3.5 Baiten KaitosξCet天仓四 3.9 Baten Kaitos *ξCet天仓四 3.9BatenkaitosξCet天仓四3.9 BecruxβCru十字架三 1.25Beid *ο1Eri九洲殊口二 4.1 Bellatrix *γOri叁宿五 1.64 BenatnaschηUMa摇光 , 北斗七1.86 BenetnaschηUMa摇光 , 北斗七1.86 BenetnashηUMa摇光 , 北斗七1.86 Betelgeuse **αOri叁宿四0.5v BetelgeuxαOri叁宿四0.5v Betelgeu zeαOri叁宿四0.5v Biham *θPeg危宿二3.5 BoteinδAri天阴四4.5 BrachiumσLib 折威七3.3 BundaξAqr天垒城一 4.7注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星/ The 20 brightest starsin the skyv = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple starsA - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他CaiamωHer斗一 4.6CajamωHer斗一4.6 CalbalakrabαSco心宿二0.96dCalxμGem井宿一 2.88CaniculaαCMa天狼-1.46d Canopus **αCar老人-0.72Capella **αAur五车二0.08Caph *βCas王良一 2.27Caput TrianguliαTri娄宿增六 3.4Cas tor *αGem北河二1.58d CastulaνCas阁道五 4.8Cebalrai *βOph宗正一 2.77CebelraiβOph宗正一 2.77CeginusγBoo招摇 3.03Celaeno *16Tau昴宿增六 5.4Celb-al-RaiβOph宗正一 2.77Celeno16Tau昴宿增六 5.4Celieno16Tau昴宿增六 5.4ChaphβCas王良一 2.27CharaαCVn常陈一 2.9Chara *βCVn常陈四 4.3ChelebβOph宗正一 2.77Chertan *θLeo西次相 , 太微右垣四 3.4ChooαAra杵二(箕宿) 2.95ChortθLeo西次相 , 太微右垣四 3.4CihγCas策 2.47ClavaμBoo七公六 4.5Cor Caroli *αCVn常陈一 2.9Cor HydraeαHya星宿一 1.98Cor LeonisαLeo轩辕十四 1.35dCor ScorpiiαSco心宿二0.96d Cor SepentisαSer蜀 , 天市右垣七 2.65Cor TauriαTau毕宿五0.85d CornuσLib折威七 3.3CoxaθLeo西次相 , 太微右垣四3.4 CujamωHer斗一 4.6 Cursa *βEri玉井三2.79 CymbaeαPhe火鸟六2.39 CynosauraαUMi勾陈一 , 北极星2.02d CynosuraαUMi勾陈一 , 北极星2.02d Dabih *βCap 牛宿一3.08 Dabih Majorβ1Cap牛宿一3.1 Dabih Minorβ2Cap牛宿一6.1 DenebεAql吴越增一4DenebξAql吴越, 天市左垣六2.99 DenebηCet天仓二3.5 Deneb **αCyg天津四1.25 DenebεDel败瓜一4DenebβLeo五帝座一2.14 Deneb Algedi *δCap垒壁阵四 2.87 Deneb Al GiediδCap垒壁阵四2.87 Deneb al SchemaliιCet天仓一3.6 Deneb AleetβLeo五帝座一2.14 Deneb AlgediδCap垒壁阵四2.87 Deneb AlgenudiηCet天仓二3.5 Deneb AlgiediδCap垒壁阵四2.87 Deneb CygniαCyg天津四1.25 Deneb DulfimεDel败瓜一4 Deneb el AdigeαCyg天津四1.25 Deneb el DelphinusεDel败瓜一4Deneb el OkabεAql吴越增一4Deneb el OkabξAql吴越 , 天市左垣六2.99 Deneb KaitβCet土司空 2.04 Deneb Kaitos *βCet土司空 2.04 Deneb Kaitos SenubiβCet土司空 2.04 Deneb KaitosιCet天仓一 3.6 ShamaliyyDeneb KaitosιCet天仓一 3.6 ShemaliDeneb OkabδAql右旗三 3.4Denebola *βLeo五帝座一 2.14DenebolanβLeo五帝座一 2.14DhabihβCap牛宿一 3.08DhalimβEri玉井三 2.79DhenebξAql吴越 , 天市左垣六 2.99DhenebηCet天仓二 3.5DhurδLeo西上相 , 太微右垣五 2.56DiademαCom东上将 , 太微左垣五 5.2DifdaβCet土司空 2.04Difda al AuwelαPsA北落师门 1.16Difda al ThaniβCet土司空 2.04DiphdaβCet土司空 2.04DnocesιUMa上台一 , 三台一 3.14DschubbaδSco房宿三 2.32DsibanψDra女史增一 4.9DubbαUMa天枢 , 北斗一 1.79Dubhe *αUMa天枢 , 北斗一 1.79DuhrδLeo西上相 , 太微右垣五 2.56DzibanψDra女史增一 4.9DzubaδSco房宿三 2.32注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星 / The 20 brightest starsin the skyv = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple starsA - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他Ed AsichιDra左枢 , 紫微左垣一 3.3Edasich *ιDra左枢 , 紫微左垣一 3.3El AcolaξUMa下台二 , 三台六 3.9El DhalimβEri玉井三 2.79El DifdaβCet土司空 2.04El GhoulβPer大陵五 2.12vEl KaprahκUMa上台二 , 二台二 3.6El KaridabδSgr箕宿二 2.7El KherebτPeg离宫五 4.6El KoprahχUMa太阳守 3.7El MelikαAqr危宿一 2.96El NathαAri娄宿三2El NathβTau五车五 1.65El PhekrahμUMa中台二 , 三台四 3.05El RakisμDra天佾增九 5.1El RischaαPsc外屏七 4.3d ElacrabβSco房宿四 2.55d EldsichιDra左枢 , 紫微左垣一 3.3Electra *17Tau昴宿一 3.8ElgebarβOri叁宿七0.12d ElgomaisaαCMi南河三0.38ElkeidηUMa摇光 , 北斗七 1.86Elkhiffa AustralisαLib氐宿一 2.75Elkhiffa BoraelisβLib氐宿四2.61 ElmathallethαTri娄宿增六 3.4 ElmuthallethαTri娄宿增六 3.4Elnath *βTau五车五 1.65Eltanin *γDra天佾四 2.23EnfεPeg危宿三 2.39dEnif *εPeg危宿三2.39d EniphεPeg危宿三2.39d EnirεPeg危宿三2.39d Er RaiγCep少卫增八(紫微左垣) 3.9Er RakisμDra天佾增九5.1 ErakisμCep造父四4.1v Errai *γCep 少卫增八(紫微左垣) 3.9 ErrakisμDra天佾增九5.1 EtaminγDra天佾四2.23 EtaninγDra天佾四2.23 EttaninγDra天佾四 2.23 Falx Italica38Boo玄戈增二 5.7FidisαLyr织女一0.03d FomεPeg危宿三2.39d Fomalhaut **αPsA北落师门1.16 FornacisαFor天苑增三 , 天苑增四 3.9 Fum Al Sa makahβPsc霹雳一 4.5Furud *ζCMa孙增一 3.02 Gacrux *γCru十字架一 1.63d GallinaαCyg天津四1.25 Garnet StarμCep造父四4.1v GemmaαCrB 贯索四2.23 GenamξDra天佾一3.8 GianfarλDra上辅 , 紫微右垣三4.1 GiansarλDra上辅 , 紫微右垣三4.1 Giausar *λDra上辅 , 紫微右垣三4.1 GiauzarλDra上辅 , 紫微右垣三 4.1GiediαCap牛宿二3.6d Giede Primeα1Cap牛宿增六 4.2 Giede Secundaα2Cap牛宿二3.6 Gienah *γCrv轸宿一2.59 GienahεCyg 天津九2.46 Gienah CygniεCyg天津九2.46 Gienah GhurabγCrv轸宿一2.9 GienarεCyg天津九 2.46GildunδUMi勾陈二 4.4GirtabκSco尾宿七 2.41GnosiaαCrB贯索四 2.23Gnosia StellaαCrB贯索四 2.23 CornonaeGomeisa *βCMi南河二 2.9GomelzaβCMi南河二 2.9GorgonaβPer大陵五 2.12vGorgonea PrimaβPer大陵五 2.12vGorgonea QuartaωPer大陵增十八 4.6Gorgonea SecundaπPer积尸 4.7Gorgonea TertiaρPer大陵六 3.4vGraffias *βSco房宿四 2.55dGraffiasζSco尾宿三 3.8GrafiasζSco尾宿三 3.8Grediα2Cap牛宿二 3.6注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星 / The 20 brightest starsin the skyv = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple starsA - Al Ala - Alz Ama -BC -DE - GH - L M N - R S T - Z英文名称星座中文名称星等其他Hadar **βCen马腹一0.61HaedusζAur柱二(毕宿) 3.8Hamal *αAri娄宿三2HamulαAri娄宿三2HanζOph韩 , 天市右垣十一 2.56HarisγBoo招摇 3.03HasselehιAur五车一2.69 HastorangαPsA北落师门 1.16HatsyaιOri伐三2.77d HatysaιOri伐三2.77d HekaλOri觜宿一3.7HemalαAri娄宿三2HerculesβGem 北河三 1.14Herschel's GarnetμCep造父四 4.1vStarHezeζVir角宿二 3.4Hoedus IζAur柱二(毕宿) 3.8Hoedus IIηAur柱三(毕宿) 3.17Homam *ζPeg雷电一 3.4HomanζPeg雷电一 3.4HumamζPeg雷电一 3.4Hyadem IγTau毕宿四 3.7Hyadem IIδ1Tau毕宿三 3.8Hyadem PrimusγT au毕宿四 3.7Hyadum I γTau毕宿四 3.7Hyadum IIδ1Tau毕宿三 3.8Hyadum PrimusγT au毕宿四 3.7IcalurusμBoo七公六 4.5IclarkrauδSco房宿三 2.32IclarkravδSco房宿三2.32 InkalunisμBoo七公六 4.5IsisαCMa天狼-1.46d IsisγCMa天狼增四 4.1Izar *εBoo梗河一2.37d JabbahνSco键闭4JedδOph梁 , 天市右垣九2.74 JewelαCrB贯索四 2.23Job's StarαBoo大角-0.04 JugumγLyr渐台三 3.2JuzaλDra上辅 , 紫微右垣三 4.1JuzaξDra天佾一3.8 KabelecedαLeo轩辕十四1.35d Kaff βCas 王良一2.27 KaffaδUMa天权, 北斗四3.4 KaffaljidhmahγCet天损八3.5d KaffaljidmaγCet天损八 3.5d KaitainαPsc外屏七 4.3d KajamωHer斗一 4.6KalbαLeo轩辕十四1.35d Kalb al AkrabαSco心宿二0.96d Kalb al Rai βOph宗正一 2.77 KalbalraiβOph宗正一 2.77 KalbelaphardαHya星宿一1.98 Kaus Australis *εSgr箕宿三1.85 Kaus Borealis *λSgr斗宿二2.81 Kaus Media *δSgr箕宿二 2.7 Kaus MediusδSgr箕宿二 2.7Kaus MeridionalisδSgr箕宿二 2.7Ke KouanβLup骑官四 2.68Keid *ο2Eri九州殊口增十一 4.4KelbαLeo轩辕十四1.35d Kelb AlraiβOph宗正一 2.77Kelb-al-RaiβOph宗正一 2.77KerbτPeg离宫五 4.6Kiedο2Eri九洲殊口增十一 4.4Kiffa AustralisαLib氐宿一 2.75Kiffa BoraelisβLib氐宿四 2.61 KitabphaαEqu虚宿二 3.9 Kitalpha *αEqu虚宿二3.9 KitalpharαEqu虚宿二 3.9Kitel PhardαEqu虚宿二3.9 KocabβUMi帝, 北极二2.08 Kochab *βUMi帝, 北极二2.08 KochahβUMi帝, 北极二2.08 KorneforosβHer河中 , 天市右垣一2.8 Kornephoros *βHer河中 , 天市右垣一 2.8KrazβCrv轸宿四2.65 KsoraδCas阁道三2.68 KumaνDra天佾二5d Kurhah *ξCep天钩六4.3d KursaβEri玉井三 2.79 La SuperbaψCVn 5.6 LesathλSco尾宿八1.63 LesathνSco键闭4Lesath *υSco尾宿九 2.69 LeschathυSco尾宿九 2.69 LesuthλSco尾宿八1.63 LesuthυSco尾宿九2.69 LodestarαUMi勾陈一 , 北极星2.02d Lucida CymbaeαPhe火鸟六 2.39注释 Key :* = 为较常用的星名 / commonly used name** = 为全天最亮的二十颗星/ The 20 brightest starsin the skyv = 变星 / variable starsd = 双星 / binary or multiple stars。

Future of the UniverseLucyna Kedziora-ChudczerPrinciple of general relativitymodels which predicted cosmological redshiftwith a flat curvature (boundary case betweenWhich model is correct?,and the critical density rCRIT=70km/s/Mpcis 7 atoms per cubic metrePositive spherical curvature, closed universe -> will collapseFlat space, open infinite universe -> decelerates to restNegative curvature, open infinite universe -> expands forever= 1 is an unstable critical point for the geometry of the Universe.Flat universe model is favoured,but how was the Universefine-tuned to be so flat?Answer: inflationCan W be measured by direct observations?Hubble diagramEnergy density of vacuum Dark matter evident from: dynamics ofNot enough for the flat UniverseExperiments like WMAP, BOOMERANGand MAXIMA measure the fluctuationsin the CMB on the scale of 1deg.Such result is expected for the flatUniverse (W~1).What causes this acceleration?- Repulsive force- Not an ordinary matter- It contributes negative energypressuremay have a variable speed – was slower in the past.Fluctuations of Cosmic Microwave BackgroundWeak lensing mass census - WmThe expansion/contraction may be cyclic. With each cycle the Universe gains energy.Photons emitted by the Sun today will become gradually redshifted because of expansion, losing energy.As the Universe contracts, the photons are blueshifted, gaining energy. They eventually become blueshifted, until they are more energetic than they were at the time of emission.So during contraction, the Universe is hotter than it was at the corresponding time during contraction.TrapeziumEvolution of the Sun Changes of our EarthFate of the EarthThe Ultimate fate of the Sun。

23年高考英语外刊阅读训练——阅读理解：业余天文学家的贡献——改编自Asteroid collision shows how much amateur astronomers have to offerLast September, NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft intentionally collided with an asteroid, and many telescopes were trained on the event. Among these telescopes were those operated by amateur astronomers who are skilled skywatchers but do not work full-time in astronomy. Some of these teams on France’s Réunion island and one in Nairobi were able to watch the impact in real time. The observations made by these amateur astronomers contributed to a study published in Nature, which described how the asteroid named Dimorphos became temporarily brighter and redder as the spacecraft hit it.This event is yet another example of the contribution that amateur astronomers have made to understanding celestial phenomena. In the past, they have helped astronomers better understand variable stars, classify galaxies, and even search for extraterrestrial signals. Amateur astronomers havediscovered comets and other celestial occurrences, identified previously unknown objects, and observed old photographs of the night sky to uncover new phenomena.The coordination between amateur and professional researchers is not unique to astronomy. In January, researchers released BirdFlow, a model that predicts where North American bird species will migrate to using records from an online database called eBird, which receives millions of contributions each year from amateur ornithologists.Community science benefits from gathering data from multiple contributors, allowing for further calibration and confirmation of observations. In the case of the DART impact, the rapid gathering, distribution, and publication of information by the amateur scientists was valuable, and other teams continue to monitor the DART asteroid system to refine our understanding of its orbit around the sun.As science becomes more specialized and dependent on specific instruments, it is tempting to dismiss the role of amateur scientists. However, more working researchersshould consider how they can creatively harness the enthusiasm of their amateur colleagues to assist with observations and data analysis. The next time someone is looking for an observation partner or help with analyzing data, they should consider turning to an amateur scientist.【重点词汇】4. amateur /ˈæm.ə.tər/ adj. 业余的；n. 业余爱好者7. impact /ˈɪm.pækt/ n. 冲击；vt. 撞击8. observation /ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃən/ n. 观察，观测9. variable /ˈveə.ri.ə.bl/ adj. 变化的；n. 星变12. signal /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/ n. 信号; vt. 发信号14. occurrence /əˈkʌr.əns/ n. 发生，出现15. coordinate /koʊˈɔːr.də.neɪt/ v. 协调，配合17. migratory /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tər.i/ adj. 迁移的；n. 迁移动物20. community science /kəˈmjuː.nə.ti saɪəns/ 社区科学23. distribution /ˌdɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ n. 分发，分配28. observation partner /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃən ˈpɑːtnər/ 观测伙伴29. data analysis /ˈdeɪtəəˈnæləsɪs/ 数据分析30. refine /rɪˈfaɪn/ vt. 改进，精炼31. calibration and confirmation of observations 校准和观测确认33. dependent on /dɪˈpendənt ɒn/ 依赖于34. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 忽略，不考虑35. harness /ˈhɑː.nɪs/ vt. 利用，控制38. uncover /ʌnˈkʌv.ər/ vt. 揭露，揭开39. North American /nɔːrθəˈmerɪkən/ 北美的41. celestial /səˈles.ti.əl/ adj. 天体的，天上的43. previously /ˈpriː.vi.əs.li/ adv. 以前，预先44. unknown object /ʌnˈnəʊn ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ 未知物体45. search for /sɜːtʃfɔːr/ 寻找46. valuable contribution /ˈvæljuəbl kəntrɪbjuːʃn/ 有价值的贡献47. further calibration /ˈfɜːðəkælɪˈbreɪʃən/ 更进一步的校准【阅读理解练习题】1. What did amateur astronomers do during the event in September?A) They intentionally collided with an asteroid.B) They watched the impact of DART spacecraft on an asteroid and made observations.C) They searched for extraterrestrial signals.D) They discovered comets and other celestial occurrences.Answer: B解析：文章第一段提到了许多的望远镜关注着DART飞船与小行星碰撞的事件，其中包括那些由业余天文学家操作的望远镜，他们能够实时观测到撞击的影响并做出观测。