Unit 1
Words：
jurisprudential adj.法律学上righteous a.正直的prosecution n.彻底实行，检举converse v.交流
excerpt n.节选immortal a.不朽的
utter a.完全的be of good cheer 不要垂头丧气
a private man 平民百姓condemn vt.判刑
eternity n.永恒accuse vt.控告
abide vi.遵守vt.容忍virtue n.美德
pilgrim n.朝圣者
Put the following into Chinese
No doubt everyone has to apologise for his life, sooner or later. When we appear at the Last Judgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins, we will presumably be given an opportunity to apologise, in the old sense of rebuttal, and in the new sense too, by way of confession and plea of repentance. In this life, it is well to apologize (in the new sense), but promptly, voluntarily, fully and sincerely. If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable, so much the better —an apology then becomes a gracious and creditable occasion, and an example to all. An enforced apology is a miserable affair. Besides, there is something distinguished about a ready apology. It is the mark of a gentleman, more particularly if it is not necessary. It is the opposite of revenge. Bacon wrote. ?In seeking revenge, a man is but equal with his enemy, but in forgiving him, he is superior, for it is a p rince‘s part to pardon.‘ So, the person who apologises freely has the moral ball in his court.
毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。当我们出席最后的审判时，记录天使诵读出所罗列的我们的罪孽，我们作了忏悔并祈求宽恕，这样大概会被给予辩白（老义）和表示歉意（新义)的机会。在今生中，道歉（新义）是桩对的事，但是要做到及时、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要诚心诚意。如果过错是看法上的事，并且错不当罚，那最好不过,说一声―对不起‖就成了一个显示大度的机会，可赞可叹，众人之楷模也。而被迫去道歉，那可就难受了。此外，随时准备好一句道歉的话，是一种高尚行为，特别是在没有必要道歉时而道歉，更显示出一个绅士的特质。道歉与报复相对。培根说过,―提到报复，如果一个人采取同样的手段报复对方，他就与敌人沦为了一丘之貉，如果置之不理（原谅），就显得比随手更加高尚。‖因此，谁把―对不起‖常挂在嘴边，谁就在道义上掌握了主动。
Put the following into English
有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见体察别人的需要虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多
平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。
Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward other‘ needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That‘s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent (competent ones) are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.
Unit 2
Words
roughly 大约、大致inevitable 不可避免的devour 吞食spat out 吐出
trembling 颤抖的disposition 性情
dedication 奉献consolidate at every step 步步为营
queer 奇怪的gloaming 黄昏
drop off 熬夜devious 迂回的
bestow…on…赠予retrace one‘s step追溯某人足迹
Put the following into Chinese
The plane arcs softly into its final descent at Hong Kong International Airport. Below, Victoria Harbor, and the silent rhythms of countless ships. Beyond, sloping mountains fence in a breathtaking city view that seems to stretch forever. This is no ordinary airport. This is no ordinary city. An elderly man passes by wearing pajamas, bearing a brightly feathered bird singing merrily in its cage. Professionals gather at a roadside kitchen for noodles, congee and shrimp. Incense from a tiny Taoist temple drifts into the pounding beat of rock music pouring out of a discotheque. A ferry travels on the nearby water regularly, taking passengers to an isolated island 40 minutes away, where Buddhist temples and tiny fishing villages dot the landscape. Hong Kong. Here,161 km. south of the Tropic of Cancer, beats the pulse of Southeast Asia‘s heart. Where East greets West, and past colors present.
飞机划着柔和的弧线最终降临到了香港国际机场。下面，维多利亚港，无数的船只演奏者无声的旋律。更远处，环绕着山体斜坡令人叹为观止的城市景色一直延伸到无际无边。这不是一个一般的机场。这也不是一座普通的城市。以为穿着睡衣的老人从旁边走过，手上提着一个鸟笼，一只颜色鲜艳的鸟儿在里面欢快地歌唱。上班一族聚在路边的餐馆里吃面条，喝粥，吃小虾。一个小道观里飘出来的檀香混杂着凶迪斯科厅里流出的摇滚乐有力的节奏，浑然一体。一只渡船市场穿梭在附近的水面上，把乘客们带到离此地40分钟里程的一个孤岛上。在哪里，佛寺和小渔村点缀着迷人的风景。香港，北回归线阴暗161千米，东南亚心脏的起搏器，这里东西交融，呈现着昔日的色彩。
Put the following into English
上海的字面意思是"位于海之上".他位于长江流入大海前最后一条支流的黄埔江畔.城市的主要部分横跨黄浦江两岸,市中心离东海岸仅15公里.1842年,一艘英国军舰潜入长江口,攻占了吴凇炮台,不发一弹就占领了上海.从那以后上海作为国际性城市就出现在世界舞台上.英国人首先在黄浦江西岸的泥土地上盖起简易的仓库,运转货物.随后美国,德国,法国,俄国和日本的商人也来了.他们都贪图同中国人通商,以夺取中国的金银财富.于是工厂、商店、银行、夜总会、跑马场，赌场大量出现了。在不到一百年的时间里，上海就变成了外国人在中国进行冒险，寻求浪漫生活的地方。
Shanghai, which means ―above the sea‖, is on the Huangpu River, the lowest tributary(支流) at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The main city sits astride the Huangpu, only 15kms to the east coast. In 1842, a British warship slipped into the mouth of Yangtze River, captured the Wu song Fort and took the city without a fight. Shanghai was born to the world as a cosmopolitan city. On the muddy west bank of Huangpu, the English merchants first built sheds for their goods. Thereafter, American, German, French, Russian and Japanese, all of them were avid(thirst) for Chinese trade and Chinese gold. In less than 100 years, Shanghai teaming with factories, shops, banks, night clubs, race courses and casinos, became the place for foreigners to seek adventure and romance in China.
Unit 5
Put the following into Chinese
Every successful business is built on superior senses — of timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. A senior executive‘s instinctive capacity to empathize with(移情,为..着想) and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, communications programs, indeed, all elements o f a company‘s strategic posture. Bill Gates, Akio Morita, Sam Walton, and others brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful.
Paying attention to the customer is certainly not a new idea. But many top-level managers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff. And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on
subordinates‘ reports—second-or third-hand information—to define and sense the market for them.
每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有感知市场的能力重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们的那里获得真知灼见，以此来指导技术、产品和售后服务、交流项目、乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔·盖茨、阿基奥·莫里塔、塞姆·华尔顿之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的企业或许只能昙花一现，或者至少没有像今天这样成功。
关注客户，并不是什么新鲜理念。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。
Put the following into English
企业文化是一种观念形态，它以企业的价值体系为基础，与企业的管理理念和管理行为紧密相连，是企业管理的核心所在。从狭义上来说，它指的是企业在生产经营的实践中形成的一种基本精神和凝聚力，以及全体员工共有的价值观念和行为准则。从广义来说，企业文化还包括企业人员的文化，即企业领导人员的文化心理、文化素养以及员工的文化行为。作为一个经济实体，企业的任务十分明确，即生产更多更好的产品，为社会创造财富。企业所从事的是一种经济活动，同时企业也是一个组织，是一个由多种人聚集而成的集体，而人是一种社会动物，需要一种文化来加以规范和调节他们的行为。我们不能把企业生产看成是纯粹的机器运转和物质变化，而应该看作是一种社会性活动，看作是一种具有社会性的人所从事的活动，这是我们了解和认识企业文化的出发点。
Corporate / Entrepreneurial culture is a form of ideal, which is based on the value system of an enterprise and closely related to the management philosophy as well as the management behavior of the enterprise. It is where the kernel(core) of business management lies. In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and cohesive force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior(行为准则) shared by the whole staff. In the broad sense, corporate culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and the cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members. As an economic entity, the task of an enterprise is definite, that is, to produce more and better products and to create wealth for the society. What an enterprise is engaged in is an economic activity, but meanwhile an enterprise is also an organization, a collectivity of various human beings. Here human beings are regarded as a social animal demanding a culture to regulate and moderate their behaviors. Instead of regarding entrepreneurial production as sheer mechanical operation and material change, we should regard it as a social activity or the activity that the social human beings are engaged in, which is the starting point for us to understand and know about entrepreneurial culture.
Unit 8
Put the following into Chinese
The first time I met him I was impressed by the far-away look in his eyes. They were such sad eyes, eyes that made you think of old sorrows, old dreams, old mysteries of life. They were certainly the windows of his soul. We were soon on familiar terms and I noticed a quick response to a kindly spoken word, a manner that expressed keen interest in any small attention. Our mere acquaintance developed early into a warm friendship and we had numerous walks together. His was ever a silent friendship and only by his manner were you sure he was enjoying the beauty and freedom of the country roads, the lush meadows, the cooling waters of the brook s(小溪) we met. I used to enjoy watching his enjoyment, his feeling of companionship, his sense of being in friendly company, and I found myself responding to his moods and cheerful abandonment to the joy of the present moment.
我初次看到他时，就被其深邃的目光打动。那是一双忧郁的眼睛，给人一种悲伤、梦幻、和神秘的感觉。透过这双眼睛，你可以窥到他的内心深处。很快，我们就相熟起来；我发现，他对周围任何一个细节都有浓厚的兴趣，即便是轻声细语，也能在瞬间触动他。不久，我们之间就产生了友情，经常在一起散步。他不说话，唯有通过他的一举一动，你才能发现他沉浸于乡间漫步的美妙和自由，葱郁的草地和清洌的溪水让他格外兴奋。看到他高兴的样子，看到他沉醉于友情，看到他因为有人陪伴而开心不已，我发现自己也被他的情绪感染，产生了一种无比愉快的感觉。
Put the following into English
我们的一生中，交换无时无刻无处不在。
五岁时，交换的是孩子手中不同口味的棒棒糖。
―我的棒棒糖是葡萄味的，你的呢？‖
―草莓味。不过我好想尝尝葡萄味的棒棒糖。‖
―那好吧。我跟你换。‖
五岁的孩子有五岁的天真。交换了棒棒糖，交换的不仅仅是葡萄、草莓的不同口味，交换的更是孩童时那一份纯真的友情。
二十五岁时，交换是情侣手中相同款式的戒指。
―你愿意娶她为你的合法妻子，无论疾病、贫穷、灾难都不离不弃吗？‖
―我愿意。‖
―你愿意嫁他为你的合法丈夫，无论疾病、贫穷、灾难都不离不弃吗？‖
―我愿意。‖
二十五岁的人已有了二十五岁的责任。交换了戒指，交换的不仅仅是一份真挚不渝的感情，交换的更是一份相守相伴，共度一生的信念和责任。
Give-and-take takes place all the time in the whole course of our lives.
Five-year-old children exchange lollipops of different flavor.
―Mine has grape flavor. What about yours?‖
―Strawberry. I do like to have a taste of a grape-flavored lollipop.‖
―Ok, let‘s exchange.‖
That‘s what innocent children of five do. Wh at they give each other is not just
different-flavored lollipops, but also the kind of friendship characteristic of childhood.
At 25, it is the marriage rings of the same style that are exchanged.
―Do you like to take her as your legally-wedded wife and to have and hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death you do part?‖
―Yes, I do.‖
―Do you like to take him as your legally-wedded husband and to have and hold…?‖
―Yes, I do.‖
People of twenty-five start to shoulder responsibilities at this age. What they exchange on the wedding ceremony is not just the most heart-felt, enduring love, but also the commitment and conviction to spend their lives together unto their very end.
Unit 9
Put the following into Chinese
The word ―highway‖ is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This ―highway‖ is more a social and commercial environment, than a static network. The ―highway‖ is composed of a network, and computing resources, but mo re importantly, the ―highway‖ defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a ―highway‖ must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/user model that has been used in the past. Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as: ―A location-independent user environment, that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications.‖ This virtual environment allows users, for the first time, to communicate with each other in a near natural way, through the simultaneous use of voice, video and image and data. The environment is created through the merging of three rapidly evolving technologies. These are: transmission, switching, and compression.
―高速公路‖这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条―高速公路‖与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业的环境。该―高速公路‖由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它确定了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互作用和联系的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建立这种―高速公路‖需要协同合作的力量，而不是过去传统的那种服务提供商／用户模式。基于
这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：―一种不受地理位置制约的用户环境，它使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯‖。这种虚拟环境使得用户第一次可以通过同时使用语音、视频、图象和数据，以近乎真实的方式相互交流。这种环境综合了三种快速发展的技术而建立。它们是：传输，交换和压缩。
Put the following into English
国际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个实验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供电子邮件、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用电子邮件把问候语与电视图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网的庞大的规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。
Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate(telescope 压缩) your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the internet have also been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway. In order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.
Unit 12
Put the following into Chinese
Either in music or in fiction the most basic thing is rhythm. Your style need to have good, natural, steady rhythm, or people won‘t keep reading your work. I learned the importance of rhythm from music ― and mainly from jazz. Next comes melody that, in literature, means the appropriate arrangement of the words to match the rhythm. If the way the words fit the rhythm is smooth and beautiful, you can‘t ask for an ything more. Next is harmony ― the internal mental sounds that support the words. Then comes the part I like best: free improvisation. Through some special channel, the story comes welling out freely from inside. All I have to do is get into the flow. Finally comes what may be the most important thing: that high you experience upon completing a work ― upon ending your ―performance‖ ― and feeling you have succeeded in reaching a place that is new and meaningful. And if all goes well, you get to share that sense of elevation with your readers (your audience). That is a marvelous culmination that can be achieved in no other way. 无论是对音乐还是小说来说，节奏都是最基本的要素。在创作过程中，您必须时刻保持流畅、自然、平稳的节奏，否则就很难长时间吸引听众（读者）。我最初从音乐，主要是爵士乐中，领悟到节奏的重要性。接下来是旋律，在文学作品中即为伴随节奏而巧妙的遣词造句。如果一篇作品文字优美流畅，并且和节奏相符，是为难能可贵，读者不应再苛求！随之就是追求
文字和内心世界的和谐。然后就是即兴演绎，信笔发挥，这也是我最喜欢的环节。每当这一时刻来临，我都会感到思绪喷涌，欲罢不能。最后就是那种难得的成就感，好比瞬间到达一个全新而多彩的世界。当读者（听众）也能体会到这份惬意时，那种对成功的幸福体验是无与伦比的！。
Put the following into English
对我而言，生活的转折点是放弃更有前途的商业而专攻音乐。父母虽然同情我，也像我一样热爱音乐，却反对我以音乐为职业。考虑到我的家庭情况，他们的这种态度是完全可以理解的。我祖父在莫比尔的斯普林希尔学院教授音乐达40年之久，深受学院师生的热爱和敬重，他的工资却几乎不够维持一大家人的生活。父亲常说若不是祖母精明能干，克勤克俭，一家人非挨饿不可。所以在我们家，只要一提起音乐这个行当，大家就会想起那收入微薄、朝不保夕的苦日子。父母坚持要我上大学，不准我进音乐学院，我也就上了大学。我记得自己当时还挺高兴，因为虽然我热爱小提琴，大部分课余时间都花在练琴上，但我还有许多其他的爱好。不等我从哥伦比亚大学毕业，家庭经济严重恶化，我感到自己有责任退学找工作，就这样我投身于商界——事后我每次想起这段经历都觉得是虚度了年华。
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobileand, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went – quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests. Before my graduation from Columbia University, the family met with severe financial crisis and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus, I started a business career —which I always think of as the wasted years.
Unit 14
Put the following into Chinese
The world ―science‖ seems to contain some magic power; if put forward, it should bring about immediate consent, with no possible discussion. This situation is exploited for advertisement, but it is basically unsound. Science is not a creed. It was not revealed to man by some superior deity. Science is a product of the human brain, and as such, it is always open to discussion and possible revision. There is no absolute truth in it: rather relativity is its rule. It represents a logical summary of human knowledge, based on human observation and experience, both of which are always of limited range and finite accuracy. As for the logic introduced into the classification of empirical(经验) facts, it is typically a product of our brain. We select experimental results that appear to us as logically connect together, and we ignore many facts that do not fit into our ―logic‖. This rather artificial
procedure is our own invention and we are so proud of it that we insist its results should be considered as ―laws of nature‖.
科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论。这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不合情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学绝无绝对真理，通常只有相对性。它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验范围总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己―逻辑‖的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应被当做―自然规律‖来对待。
Put the following into English
一门科学，它研究某一类事物，研究这一类事物里各个成员的变化以及这些成员之间的关系。因此，自然科学的理想形式是与数学的理想形式相同的。自然科学的目的是去发现这样一些关系，即在某种情况下有事件P出现时，一定也有事件Q出现。当一门科学以描述性的定性阶段发展到能以定量和解释的方式表达相互关系的阶段时，该门科学就以数学的形式出现了。天文学曾一度是一门描述性的科学。但是，开普勒(Kepler)和牛顿(Newtoon)的工作确立了这样的基础，利用这些基础，天体运动规律可用数学来表示。正式在这个意义上，数学有时被称为科学的语言。当科学的结论采用定量的形式表达，并频繁地启发新的实验时，就要使用数学的假设命题了；另一方面，观察到的科学数据极其复杂，会刺激数学的发展，并拓宽数学的基础。
A branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that when an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q is also present. As a branch of science advances from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes a mathematical form. Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but work of Kepler and Newton established foundations, by means of which the laws of the motions of the heavenly bodies could be expressed mathematically. It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. The hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play when the generalizations of science take on a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broaden its foundation. UNIT 15
英译汉
The will to win isa powerful motive, and individual athletes as well as coaches and administrators have studied such matters as the most efficient type of leadership and the optimal level of pregame stress. Psychologists differ among themselves, but some contend that democratic leadership produces greater individual satisfaction while authoritarian leadership provides
"results" （i. e. , a higher level of achievement and, consequently, more victories）. Many psychological studies have shown that female athletes tend to attribute failure totheir lack of effort or skill while male athletes point to external factors such as luck or the strength of theopposition. It has also been established that the ideal level of pregame stress falls between utter relaxation and hypertension and depends in part on the sport; successful archery, for instance, calls for less pre-match aggressiveness than rugby does. Athletes in many sports such as golf, tennis, diving, high jumping, and pole vaulting, where form and timing are crucial, often resort to a different method of pregame "psyching" called imaging or visualizing. This does not so much build aggressiveness as write a visual mental script to be followed in the contest to come. 想赢得比赛是一种强大的动力。不仅教练员、管理者，而且运动员都研究过诸如最有效的领导模式和赛前压力状态方面的问题。心理学家对此的看法也不同。但是部分专家认为民主式的领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式的领导则能带来“结果”。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员容易将失败归咎于自身的努力不足或者技能欠佳，而男性运动员则将失败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部因素。人们同样认为，赛前理想的压力度是在过度放松和处理紧张之间，而且还要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人的气势。而在诸如高尔夫球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则非常重要。运动员运用一种通常称作“映像”或“想象”的心理方法。这种方法注重赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做好充分准备，而不仅仅是一种咄咄逼人的气势。
汉译英
参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而又优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说竞技者终究会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。实在到了自知技穷之时，他会愉快地退下来，让位给年轻的优胜者，并对自己在奥林匹克运动中争取更好的成绩尽了一份力而心满意足。他会自豪地说他的青春没有虚度。
To participate and to win---- that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever better---- the ideal always luring a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated---- even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can. When the time comes and he knows he can’t , he will step down happily to give plac e to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he h as done his bit for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
美国大学校名英文缩写 英文缩写英文全称中文全称 AAMU Alabama A&M 阿拉巴马农业机械大学ADELPHI Adelphi University 艾德菲大学AMERICAN American University 美国大学 ANDREWS Andrews University 安德鲁大学 ASU Arizona State University 亚利桑那州立大学AUBURN Auburn University 奥本大学 -B- BAYLOR Baylor University 贝勒大学 BC Boston College 波士顿学院 BGSU Bowling Green State University 博林格林州立大学BIOLA Biola University 拜欧拉大学BRANDEIS Brandeis University 布兰迪斯大学BROWN Brown University 布朗大学 BSU Ball State University 波尔州立大学 BU* Boston University 波士顿大学 BU SUNY Binghamton 纽约州立大学宾厄姆顿分校BYU Brigham Young Univ. Provo 百翰大学 *BU通常意义上指Boston University -C- CALTECH California Institute of Technology 加州理工大学 CAU Clark Atlanta University 克拉克亚特兰大大学 CLARKSON Clarkson University 克拉逊大学CLARKU Clark University 克拉克大学CLEMSON Clemson University 克莱姆森大学 CMU* Carnegie Mellon University 卡耐基梅隆大学CMU Central Michigan University 中央密歇根大学COLUMBIA Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学CORNELL Cornell University 康奈尔大学CSU* Colorado State 科罗拉多州立大学 CSU Cleveland State University 克里夫立大学CU* University of Colorado Boulder 科罗拉多大学波德分校 CU University of Colorado Denver 科罗拉多大学丹佛分校 CUA Catholic University of America 美国天主教大学 CWRU Case Western Reserve Univ. 凯斯西储大学*CMU 通常意义上指 Carnegie Mellon University *CSU 通用 *CU 通用
DELL戴尔IBM HP惠普TCL LENOVO联想ASUS华硕BENQ明基LG （不用翻译） UNIS （清华紫光） sony（索尼）海尔HAIER 可口可乐（Coca-cola）、索尼（Sony）、金利来（Goldlion）、奔驰（Benz）、耐克（Nike）“翻得好（Findhow）”Vitasoy ( 维他奶 ) Johnson 婴儿护肤用品由原译名“庄臣”到现在译名“强生”；Reebok 运动鞋由“雷宝”更名为“锐步”；Hewelette Packare 电脑公司由冗长的“休利特一一帕卡德公司”简化为如今的惠普公司Head & Shoulders 译为“海飞丝”。 Panten 译为“潘婷”。 Safeguard 译为“舒肤佳”。 Olay 译为“玉兰油”。优雅动听、惟妙惟肖、回味无穷。日本Suntory 公司品牌的中文译名为三得利，不但发音贴切，且蕴涵中华人文精神。Kiss Me ( 化装品品牌 ) 奇士美。日本丰田公司的 LEXUS 汽车，其中文译名“凌志”取自“久有凌云志，重上井冈山”壮丽诗句。 锐步-Reebok彪马-Puma吉旺希-givenchy慕诗-MOISELLE欧时力-OCHIRLY阿勒锦-A.LerGin阿桑娜-azona瓦伦蒂诺-ntino卡西欧CASIO背靠背-Kappa欧莱雅-L"Oreal兰蔻-Lancome香奈儿-Chanel资生堂-Shiseido高丝-KOSE倩碧-Clinique玉兰油-OLAY兰芝-LANEIGE水之奥-H2O。za姬芮。娇兰-guerlain。POND'S 旁氏，迪奥-Dior， head-shoulders 海飞丝 head-shoulders舒蕾 slek曼秀雷敦 mentholatum宝洁pg爱家家居aika 飘柔纳爱斯屈臣氏 watsons联合利华 unilever高露洁 colgate欧尚 auchan丝宝集团 .c-bons.家乐福 carrefour沙宣佳洁士同仁堂安利 amway沃尔玛wal-mart特百惠 tupperware易初莲花 lotus* 吉列 Gilleffe 博朗 braun 护舒宝佳洁士 crest 欧乐-B oral--b帮宝适 pampers 汰渍 tide 兰诺lenor 金霸王 duraceli OLAY SK-II 伊奈美 illume 潘婷 pantene 飘柔海飞丝沙宣 vs 伊卡璐威娜 wella “福士伟根”“Volkswagen”， Bayerische MotorenWerke(拜耶里奇飞机引擎生产厂)，简称为BMW，“宝马”名牌手机"诺基亚"，芬兰文原名"Nokia"，。 世界著名的十大化妆品有那些.主流产品是什么？ Guerlain （娇兰）二：Lancome （兰蔻）三：Clarins（娇韵诗）四：Elizabetharden （伊丽莎白雅顿）五：Erno Laszlo （奥伦纳素）六：Estee Lauder （雅诗兰黛）七：Clinique （倩碧）八：Shiseido （资生堂）九：Christan Dior（迪奥）十：Chanel （香奈儿） Nike 耐克 H&M 瑞典 Levis 李维斯 GAP 盖普 Gucci 古琦 Prada 普拉达Hermes 爱玛仕 Versace 范思哲 Calvin Klein 卡尔文克莱恩 Dunhill 登喜路Lacoste 鳄鱼 MUJT 无印良品 Valentino 瓦伦蒂诺 Yves Saint Laurent伊夫·圣·洛朗 Dunhill 登喜路 112 美国，Lacoste 鳄鱼 72 法国，MUJT 无印良品 116 日本，Puma 彪马 56 德国，Lee 李 116 美国， Reebok 锐步 110 美国 Puma 彪马 Lee 李 Reebok 锐步 Giordano 佐丹奴 Mizuno 美津浓 Giorgio Armani 乔治·阿玛尼雪碧(饮料)Sprite小妖精，调皮鬼乐百氏(饮料)Robust健壮的金利来(领带)Goldlion金狮子司麦脱(衬衫)Smart潇洒的舒肤佳(香皂)Safeguard保护者纳爱斯(香皂)Nice美好的英克莱(自行车)Incline喜爱四通(打字机)Stone石头汰渍(洗衣粉)Tide潮流雷达(电蚊香)Raid袭击，搜捕飘柔(洗发水)Rejoice欣喜立士洁(卫生纸)Luxury奢侈品富绅(衬衫)Virtue美德神浪(服装)Sunland太阳地苏泊尔(压力锅)Super特级品天能(领带)Talent
新职业英语2_通用版_U n i t1——U n i t8_ 课后翻译题答案
1.公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守。(observe) All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed. 2.和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些。(casual) We should be casual when we stay with these students. 3.上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能。The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting. 4.我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品。(professional) We have a professional team to market our products. 5.你知道今秋流行黑衣服吗？(trendy) Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall? 6.与其求人，不如求己。(rely on) We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others. 7.新车必须符合国家标准。(comply with) New vehicles must comply with national standards. 8.我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议。(seek) Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice 1.我把咖啡洒了一桌。(spill)
新职业英语·职业综合英语课文翻译 第一课谷歌 上过互联网的人都见过谷歌，许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时，他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎，谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。 谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里?佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法，佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的，这项技术结果看起来是成功的。 佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖?布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司，并在之后的一周注册了https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a11974778.html,这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起，2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下，经过几年的发展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。 谷歌最近收购了互联网最大的视频共享网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a11974778.html,，而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能，如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然，成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。 随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高，谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计，努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。 现在，谷歌已拥有YouTube、Blogger和其他一些热门网站，并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司，谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范，也提供了灵感。 第二课秘书 秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔，例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨，但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老，例如，古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。 秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广，依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说，秘书要处理信函，跟踪日程安排，管理文件系统，操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话，并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购，他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验，因为他们将处理大量的电子资料，包括往来信函。
Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong,(并非每个人对什么是对、什么是错都持一样的看法)nor does everyone agree on what is good and bad for children. Jacques Muller thinks money is the most important thing in the world, but unfortunately, money is not everything.（但是遗憾的是，金钱并非一切）Speaking of hamburgers not all Americans like them.（并非所有美国人都喜欢吃）Not all people share the same interests（人的兴趣不尽相同）,but we can still like make friends with people who do not have our interests. Unit 2 （1）Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.（才懂得珍惜生命的价值） （2）Some scientists believe that people will come to be found of genetically modified crops someday（人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的）since they can increase yields and farms＇incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. （3）With repeated hackers＇attacks on our system,we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.（我们逐渐意识到有必须聘请一位计算机安全专家。） （4）Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to realize that the Chinese preferred “teaching by holding the hand”.（逐渐认识到中国人喜欢“把着手教”。） Unit 3 is not such an unusual word as it used to be (因特网已不再是一个不同寻常的字眼). In today’s electronic age , it is changing the way customers behave-in deciding what products to buy , and where to buy them . business suit has long been the uniform for male office workers .most men do not look unattractive in them(大多数男人穿上西装看上去倒不是没有魅力) . The problem is sometimes ,especially at the height of summer ,their movement seems to be restricted . as she is , she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment(尽管她富裕，她对突然遭到解雇并非无动于衷). York City was once the murder capital of the world . Due to a new policy called “zero-tolerance”, the policy of not tolerating even the smallest crime , the city can now be seen as a leader in crime fighting .This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes.(鉴于严重犯罪活动的大幅下降，这样的声言并非不切实际). skips breakfast on a daily basis; frequently misses meals in order to accommodate busy work or social schedules; eats a lot of fast-food; and fails to exercise regularly .his poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life .（他身体欠佳，与他不健康的生活方式不无关系）. Unit 5 1. Fifty years ago it was taken for granted(人们理所当然地认为) that marriage was the goal of every young woman’s inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and
服装品牌名英汉互译探讨 摘要：国外服装品牌名翻译方法与普通英语词汇的翻译一样，也都有音译、意译等。品牌名称的翻译是必须做好的一项工作，好的品牌名称对于提高商品的市场占有率起着十分重要的作用。本文重点探讨服装品牌名称的翻译，旨在找出其翻译的一般及特殊方法，为品牌更好地走入市场提供一定参照。 关键词：服装品牌;音译;意译 一、引言 随着人们生活水平的提高，人们越来越多地关注各种服装品牌，国内外众多品牌纷纷抢占市场。越来越多的企业已逐步意识到商标名称是企业的巨大资产。因为这种竞争不但是商品的竞争、服务的竞争，更是企业形象的竞争、品牌的竞争。在加入WTO之后，中国的服装制造商越来越注意与世界接轨，很多服装品牌在注册中文商标的同时，也有了特定的英文翻译，有的直接采用汉语品牌名的拼音作为英文品牌名，有的则根据读音翻译成英文中有特定意思的词，而且是有特定含义的词。 二、服装品牌的翻译方法 1、音译 1.1外国服装品牌名译成中文名。
外国品牌名译成中文名时，多数都采取音译法，取其相近的音译成汉语。如：LouisVuitton——路易·威登;Bvlgari——宝格丽：Cartier——卡蒂亚;Fendi——芬迪;DonnaKaran——唐纳·卡兰;Hermes——爱马仕;Moschino——莫斯奇 诺;NinaRicci——莲娜·丽姿，Versace——“范思 哲”;Yvesssainlaurent——“伊夫，圣洛朗”;红贝——“herebe”：顺美——“smart”。这些名称翻译的主要技巧是注意翻译的本地化。既要译得上口吉利：又要注意节奏，还要符合当地人的文化欣赏。 很多外国服装品牌都是用创始人或设计师的名字作为商标，也采取音译法，就如同翻译英文名字一样。如：品牌名称：ChristianDior(克里斯汀，迪奥)——创始人、设计师(1946年—1957年)：ChristianDior(克里斯汀·迪奥)：品牌名称：Chanel(夏奈尔)——创始人、计师(1913年-1971年)均为GabrielleChanel(加布里埃·夏奈尔);品牌名称：Versaee(范思哲)——设计师：贾尼·范思哲。 1.2中国服装品牌名的英译 汉语品牌名用拼音。使用汉语拼音的好处主要是能直接宣传这个品牌名，但是从另一方面来说，这些品牌大多数是以开拓国内市场为主。如：威鹏——Weipeng;李——宁Lining;波司登——Bosideng：利郎——Lilang：报喜鸟——Baoxiniao：
翻译 Unit1 1.公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守。(observe) All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed. 2. 和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些。(casual) We should be casual when we stay with these students 3. 上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能。(setting) The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting. 4. 我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品。(professional) We have a professional team to market our products. 5. 你知道今秋流行黑衣服吗？(trendy) Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall? 6. 与其求人，不如求己。(rely on) We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others. 7. 新车必须符合国家标准。(comply with) New vehicles must comply with national standards 8. 我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议。(seek) Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice. Unit2 1. 我把咖啡洒了一桌。(spill) I spilt coffee all over my desk. 2. 会上要求我们每个人都提出建议。(contribute) We were all asked to contribute ideas at the meeting. 3. 水果在运送时容易腐烂。(perishable) Fruits are perishable during transportation. 4. 负责的军官在战斗中受了重伤。(in charge) The officer in charge was wounded badly in the battle. 5. 显然那间公寓一直没有人住。(apparently)
高职高专英语立体化系列教材课文翻译及答案 新职业英语职业综合英语2（通用版） 总主编：徐小贞 外语教学与研究出版社 Unit 1 Text A 职场时装潮流 许多人每天都在捕捉职场时装的潮流，以便能与那些衣着时尚得体的人们步调一致。他们认为按最新潮流穿衣打扮能为自己赢得时尚和时髦的好名声。尽管这样做合情合理，你还是要小心谨慎。 许多人并没有意识到，追随职场时装潮流有利也有弊。好处之一，正如上面所提到的，穿一套时髦的衣服去上班，很可能会得到一堆夸奖。这种感觉很不错，也让人引以为豪。 然而事实上这种追随弊大于利。例如，职场时装潮流往往不区分工作和职业。在一家新潮的咖啡馆或零售店工作，着装要求很可能是休闲服。而在一家法律或保险公司上班，着装则需要更职业化。不幸的是，很多职场新潮时装是为工作中的一般大众而设计，而非为特定职业设计。因此一不小心就可能出问题。 在追随这种时装潮流之前，要好好地仔细审视一下所谓的潮流。比如，潮流是不是时兴半身裙或连衣裙，而不论其长短呢？如果确实如此，那么最重要的是要考虑自己的工作性质。如果是办公室的职业白领，连衣裙就非常适合。但如果是在零售店当经理，连衣裙或半身裙则可能会妨碍工作，影响工作效率。 很多人会因为穿了时髦的职场时装而备受称赞，但事情并非总是如此。最不希望的是不但没有受到夸奖，还落下坏名声。正是因为这个原因，你必须考虑别人对你的看法，你必须确保给别人留下的是个好印象。 到底要不要将职场最时髦的潮流带入衣柜，这个决定得自己做，但在做出决定前请考虑考虑上面提到的问题。 Text B波音公司行为准则 波音公司行为准则为全体波音公司员工制定了必须遵守的行为规范。 波音公司的企业经营建立在公平、公正的基础上，符合道德规范和法律、法规。在企业经营中，诚信是公司处理一切关系的基础，包括公司与客户的关系、供应商和公众的关系以及员工之间的关系。在履行公司职责时，波音公司要求员工以最高商业道德标准要求自己。员工不得参与损害公司诚信、公平、声誉或者为公司带来麻烦的任何活动。 员工应确保： ●不参与可能导致公司及个人利益冲突的任何活动。
中外高校校名国内研究所中文全称和英文缩写 对照 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
中文全称英文缩写 浙江大学ZHEJIANG UNIV 中国科学院CHINESE ACAD SCI 清华大学TSINGHUA UNIV 东南大学SOUTHEAST UNIV 大连理工大学DALIAN UNIV TECHNOL 南京大学NANJING UNIV 四川大学SICHUAN UNIV 上海交通大学SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV 中山大学SUN YAT SEN UNIV 华中科技大学HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL 北京大学PEKING UNIV 山东大学SHANDONG UNIV 复旦大学FUDAN UNIV 南开大学NANKAI UNIV 北京邮电大学BEIJING UNIV POSTS TELECOMMUN 中国科学技术大学UNIV SCI TECHNOL CHINA 吉林大学JILIN UNIV 西安交通大学XI AN JIAO TONG UNIV 哈尔滨工业大学HARBIN INST TECHNOL 天津大学TIANJIN UNIV 兰州大学LANZHOU UNIV 华南理工大学S CHINA UNIV TECHNOL 武汉大学WUHAN UNIV 湖南大学HUNAN UNIV 华南师范大学S CHINA NORMAL UNIV 北京航天航空大学BEIJING UNIV AERONAUT ASTRONAUT 东北大学NORTHEASTERN UNIV 电子科技大学UNIV ELECT SCI TECHNOL CHINA 华东科技大学 E CHINA UNIV SCI TECHNOL 中南大学CENT S UNIV 西安电子科技大学XIDIAN UNIV 同济大学TONGJI UNIV 厦门大学XIAMEN UNIV 北京交通大学BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIV 东吴大学SOOCHOW UNIV 安徽大学ANHUI UNIV 北京理工大学BEIJING INST TECHNOL 香港城市大学CITY UNIV HONG KONG 湘潭大学XIANGTAN UNIV 北京师范大学BEIJING NORMAL UNIV
英文商标名称地翻译与策略 1.前言 商标是商品地标志,是商品经济发展地产物,是商品生产者或经营者为使自己生产销售地商品区别于其他商品而使用地一种显著标志.它是商品显著特征地浓缩,是商品文化地核心部分.在国际市场上,商标常被企业家和消费者视为简化了地企业名称.商标一出现就成为企业地象征,是生产者和消费者直接对话地桥梁,是企业参与国际竞争地有力武器.中国地对外开放正在进一步深化,随之而来地国外企业在华地经济活动也在增加.这极大地丰富着中国人民地经济生活,并因此而衍生出了诸多对于国人而言全新地经济及商业活动.大量地国产商品正在出口到世界各地,而国外地商品也已蜂拥至国内市场.合法地商品都有一个自己地商标.因此,随着中外产品地交流,商品商标地翻译问题不可避免地出现了. 2.英文商标翻译地策略 2.1.音译 商标翻译过程中,音译是一种不可忽视地手段,具有极强地普遍性.音译是指在不背离“汉语语言规范和不引起错误联想或误解地条件下,按照原商标名称地发音,找到与之语音相近地汉语字词进行翻译.其优点是简单易行,译文有异国情调,可使产品具有一定吸引力.音译又分为：纯音译﹑谐音译和省音译. 2.1.1. 纯音译 纯音译即根据英文地读音逐字地用相近发音地汉字进行匹配地翻译.主要适用于专有名词,如：人名商标和地名商标.这种翻译法是商标在译为中文
时,因无法找到相应地汉语表达而不得不采用地翻译方法. 2.1.1.1人名商标 有些商标是姓氏构成地,如：Hoover(胡佛)真空吸尘器,是源于生产商William Henry Hoover地姓氏;Rael-Brook(雷尔-布鲁克)男装,是源于公司创始人H.Rael-Brook地姓氏.有些商标是人地全名,如：Walt Disney(沃尔特·迪斯尼)制片公司,是根据公司创始人Walt Disney地姓名而定;Pierre Cardin(皮尔·卡丹)时装,是根据该时装地制造者Pierre Cardin地姓名而定;“benz”品牌最早含义是卡尔本茨地姓,根据译音,在中国翻译成“奔驰”. 2.1.1.2地名商标 Santana(桑塔纳)轿车,San Tana原是美国加利福尼亚洲一座山谷地名称;Nokia(诺基亚)手机是根据芬兰北部一座名为Nokia地小镇命名地. 2.1.2谐音译 这种译法是以音为引子,经常是在纯音译地基础上改动个别字眼,这些字眼与原商标读音谐音,改动后地音译商标又结合产品特征.例如：为纪念航空公司创始人Willian Edward Boeing 人们以其姓氏确定地商标Boeing,译作“博音”,但作为商标,译者改用谐音“波音”,这就可以使人们对这类超音速飞机产生无尽地遐想. 2.1.3省音译 省音译是根据中国人地审美习惯,双音节和三音节地商标更能令人过目不忘,有些英文商标单词较长音节较多,如果逐字翻译,读起来拗口且不便记忆,可采用省音译来简化. 2.2意译
Unite 1 1.公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守。All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed. 2. 和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些。We should be casual when we stay with these students. 3. 上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能。The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting. 4. 我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品。We have a professional team to market our products. 5. 你知道今秋流行黑衣服吗？Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall? 6. 与其求人，不如求己。We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others. 7. 新车必须符合国家标准。 New vehicles must comply with national standards. 8. 我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议。Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice .Unite 2 1. 我把咖啡洒了一桌。I spilt coffee all over my desk. 2. 会上要求我们每个人都提出建议。We were all asked to contribute ideas at the meeting. 3. 水果在运送时容易腐烂。Fruits are perishable during transportation. 4. 负责的军官在战斗中受了重伤.The officer in charge was wounded badly in the battle .5. 显然那间公寓一直没有人住。Apparently, no one has been living in that flat .6. 他在退休之前领到了一笔补偿金. He got a payoff before the retirement .7. 经理正在把工作分配给几个工作人员。The manager is assigning the work to several clerks. 8. 他们正在努力寻找和平解决这种冲突的方法。They are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict Unite 3 1.你得确保你已为未来的工作做好了准备。You need to ensure that you are fully prepared for your future job. 2.在他们的帮助下，我们最后完成了我们的任务。With their help, we accomplished our task in the end. 3.三个月后，他终于在一家大型的电脑公司找到了一份工作。Three months later, he finally secured a job with a large computer company 4..4. 经理拒绝给他解释的机会.The manager denied him the chance to explain. 5.我们正要前往机场时史密斯先生来了.Mr. Smith arrived just as we were setting out for the airport. 6.玛丽放下手里的工作去帮忙准备明天的会议。Mary put aside her work to help prepare for the meeting tomorrow. 7.我们都有资格享受同等的法律保护.We are all entitled to equal protection by the law. 8. 关于这个项目，他们有不同意见。They had different opinions regarding this project. Unit 4 1.昨天我留下加了一会儿班。I stayed and did some extra work yesterday 2..为了赶上她的同学，她学习非常努力。She has been studying very hard in an effort to catch up with her classers 3.电视提供大众化的娱乐。Television provides unicersal entertainment 4..我们这样才能提高顾客的忠诚度？How can we improve customer loyalty? 5..请你方便时给我们寄一份你们最新的产品目录。Please send us a copy of your latest catalog at your convenience. 6..他手头工作太多，不能跟我们去野餐。He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us. 7..这则广告引起各地读者的注意。The advertisement will capture the attention of readers everywhere 8..新闻节目是通过卫星传到我们这里来的。The news program came to us via satellite. Unit 8 1.如果错过这次机会，你会后悔的。If slip this opportunity away ,you will regret it 2.他一点点地暴露他的野心。He is a little exposure to his ambition 3.当你靠近床是，走路轻一点。When you approach the bed, walk a little light 4.他通过打零工来谋生。He via odd jobs 5.估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。It loss was estimated from $1 million to $5 million 6.你需要一些工作经验。You need some working experience.
中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学Philosophy 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism xx 哲学Chinese Philosophy xx 哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic
西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics
南京大学Nanjing University 东南大学Southeast University 南京航空航天大学Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 南京理工大学Nanjing university ofscience ＆technology 南京工业大学Nanjing tech university 南京邮电大学Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 南京林业大学Nanjing forestry university 南京信息工程大学Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 南京农业大学Nanjing Agricultural University 南京医科大学Nanjing medical university 南京中医药大学Nanjing university of Chinese medicine 中国药科大学China Pharmaceutical University 南京师范大学Nanjing Normal University 南京财经大学Nanjing University Of Finance & Economics 江苏警官学院Jiangsu police institute 南京体育学院Nanjing Sport Institute 南京艺术学院Nanjing University of the Arts 三江学院Sanjiang university 南京工程学院Nanjing institute of technology 南京审计大学Nanjing audit university 南京晓庄学院Nanjing xiaozhuang university 南京特殊教育师范学院Nanjing Normal University Of Special Education 南京森林警察学院Nanjing forest police college 东南大学成贤学院southeast university chengxian college 金陵科技学院jinling institute of technology 南京大学金陵学院Nanjing university jinling college 南京理工大学紫金学院Nanjing University of Science and Technology ZiJin College 南京航空航天大学金城学院 nanhang Jincheng college 中国传媒大学南广学院Communication University of China, Nanguang College
品牌翻译的信达雅 中国已日渐成为成熟的商业社会，我们每天都要接触各色中外品牌。由于经济全球化，许多国外品牌有了中文名字，而中国品牌也纷纷挂上了洋气的英文名字。如何翻译品牌？品牌的翻译应该遵循哪些原则？本文将尝试浅析这个问题。 本文讨论的品牌翻译是指品牌所有者在品牌本土化过程中首创性地译制品牌名的活动，而不是一般的翻译问题。翻译品牌的方法不外乎音译、意译、音意复合翻译和自由翻译。以下各举一例，音译，Coca Cola翻译为“可口可乐”；意译，中国彩电品牌“熊猫”译作Panda；复合翻译，Unilever译为“联合利华”，Uni 是常见的英文词根，意为联合，Lever是杠杆，“联合利华”采取了音意复合译法；自由翻译，Hewlett-Packard，英文姓氏构成的品牌名被翻成了“惠普”。此外，还有不译，国外品牌IBM、3M等无中文品牌，而许多中国品牌的英文名就是其汉语拼音。可以看出品牌翻译的方法具有随意性，那背后的指导原则又是什么呢？ 品牌翻译与其它体裁的最大不同就是品牌翻译不是纯粹的翻译活动，它比一般的翻译活动具有更大的创造性和灵活性。品牌的作用十分丰富，如提高辨识度、宣传产品等，最终的落脚点是提高产品销量和市场占有率。所以品牌翻译也应该以此为最终目标，这点区别于传统翻译的翻译目的。翻译目的决定翻译策略，而策略又具体体现在翻译方法上。品牌翻译的特殊性决定了其采取的翻译策略有别于其它翻译类型。 品牌翻译是一种特殊的翻译类型，有着与其它体裁相同的共性，也有着独特的个性，因此用一般的翻译评价标准来评价品牌翻译，有其适用性，也有局限性。翻译评价标准中，中国人最熟悉的当属严复在《天演论·译通言》中提出的“信、达、雅”的标准，信者，忠实于原文也，达者，自然通顺也，雅者，文采之谓也。严复之后的许多学者也提出许多新见解，如林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”，梁实秋的“宁错务顺”和鲁迅的“宁信不顺”，傅雷的“神似”，钱钟书的“化境”等等。纵观这些翻译主张，其实都是对“信、达、雅”的不同演绎。笔者认为品牌翻译可以用“信达雅”为准绳，但具体评价标准要有别于其它翻译体裁。 先从“信”字说起。奢侈品品牌Hermès其实是古希腊商业之神“赫尔墨斯”的名字，但该品牌显然没有沿用此译名，美国快餐品牌Subway为地铁之意，该品牌也显然没有使用地铁二字。这样的例子，不胜枚举，反映出达意并不是品牌翻译的必要标准。但是“信”字在品牌翻译上却常体现为声音上的接近，但品牌翻译中不完全采用单纯的音译，更多的是在音译基础上附加一些信息。这种方法在翻译专有名词时较常用，因为汉语是语素文字，每个字都有意思，所以译者喜欢在音译时附着一些其它信息，比如美国Yosemite公园就译为“优胜美地”。国际饮料品牌Coca Cola并没有翻成“扣卡扣拉”，而是“可口可乐”，体现出其企业文化和形象。所以综合而言，品牌翻译对“信”的要求并不高。 那么“达”呢？品牌一般都是简短的单词（字）或单词（字）组合，并不是成篇的文字，所以通顺便无从谈起。但“达”字可以理解为符合译语语言偏好和习惯。