2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路

第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自Tom Butler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(Fifty Self-help Classics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(James Allen)。

作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。

本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。

主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。

第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。

第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。

从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，我们可以隐思想，使之失去力量，因此我们能够思行不一”引出爱伦相反的观点“意识和物质统一，人无法隐藏思想，也无法思此行彼，行为是全部思想的体现；成就是思想提升的外部表现”。

第四、五段介绍爱伦关于“意识与环境”的观点：不是环境造就人，而是意识决定人所处的环境，环境是意识的体现。

第六段段总结指出《思考的人》的积极意义：使人们意识到，现状只能归因于自己，对未来的掌控同样只能靠自己。

二．试题具体分析(1)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption/ /we all share/ /——that because we are(1)0. 5分(2)0.5分not robots we therefore control our thoughts——/ /and reveal its erroneous nature.(3)0.5分(4)0.5分本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、并列结构、根据上下文确定词义。

[解题步骤]1．句法分析主句: Allen's contribution was to take an assumption…and reveal its erroneous nature (主语) (系动词) (表语：不定式短语交列结构)定语从句:(an assumption that)we all share同位语从句: (an assumption)——that because we are not robots we therefore control our(原因状语从句) (主句)thoughts——2．句子注释①汉语表达中习惯动作前面为行为主体，所以应通过增译将本句译为“爱伦的贡献在于，(他)拿出……”。

2005考研英语真题详解2005年考研英语真题是考研复习的重要参考资料之一。

通过详细解析这份真题，我们可以更好地理解考试的目标和要求，并为我们的备考提供指导。

本文将对2005年考研英语真题进行详细解析，帮助考生加深对考试内容的理解和掌握。

第一部分：阅读理解在2005年考研英语真题的阅读理解部分，共包含了三篇文章，涉及了不同的主题和内容。

我们将按照文章顺序，逐一进行解析和分析。

文章一文章一是关于环境保护的话题。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到环境保护在当时已经成为国际社会关注的焦点。

文章主要讲述了人类活动对环境的破坏和环境问题的危害。

首先，作者指出了人类活动对生态系统造成的破坏，并举例说明了水资源的有限性和污染对人类健康的影响。

接着，文章提到了大气污染对气候变化的影响，并呼吁国际社会共同努力解决环境问题。

文章二文章二是关于教育和学习的话题。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到教育的重要性和学习的方法。

首先，作者强调了教育在人类社会中的重要性，并举例说明教育对个人发展的影响。

接着，文章介绍了有效学习的方法，包括积极主动地参与课堂活动和利用多种资源进行学习。

文章三文章三是关于心理学的话题。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到心理学的基本概念和应用。

首先，作者介绍了心理学的定义和发展历史，并解释了心理学对人类行为和思维的研究意义。

接着，文章讲述了应用心理学在解决社会问题和提高人们生活质量中的作用。

第二部分：长篇阅读理解在2005年考研英语真题的长篇阅读理解部分，共有两篇文章，涉及了不同的主题和内容。

我们将按照文章顺序，逐一进行解析和分析。

文章一文章一是关于经济发展的话题。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到经济发展的影响和挑战。

首先，作者提到了快速经济发展给环境和资源造成的压力，并探讨了如何平衡经济发展和环境保护之间的关系。

接着，文章讨论了经济发展对社会结构和就业的影响，并提出了解决就业问题的思路和建议。

文章二文章二是关于健康与饮食的话题。

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不雨则已，一雨倾盆redundancy 冗余shareholder 股东regulator 监管者，监管机构do the rounds 为寻求政治支持而拜访compliance 服从，遵守governance 治理severity 严重性sort out 解决put right 纠正peer into 检查spies 间谍come as a surprise （to sb）让人感到吃惊overshadow 使扫兴，使大丢脸面go astray 丢失，被盗put sb on notice 警示某人elegant 优美的2008年TEXT 4 美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度extract from 从...中取出，拔出works著作compromise 妥协，折中fragile 易碎的infancy 婴儿期hamper 妨碍，束缚founding generation 开国元勋（同founding father）carve 分割，瓜分part离开，分别，分离formula 公式，方案TEXT 1 女性更易受到压力带来的影响way 很远，大大地（way ahead 遥遥领先）ovary 卵巢stressed-out 极度焦虑的observe 说，评论domestic 家庭的，家务的struggle to 尽力做某事develop 患病，出现问题be worn out 筋疲力尽one-shot deal一次性事件chronic 长期的，慢性的interpersonal violence 人际暴力frustration 挫折，懊恼diffuse stress 缓解压力TEXT 2 科学出版新方式：在线出版subscribe 订阅peer review 同行评审decline 谢绝，婉拒restrict access to 限制...的权限far-reaching consequence 深远影响ready 易于得到的，方便使用的rest with 归属，属于seek knowledge of 想要了解handsome 数量大的make heavy 心情沉重endeavour 努力，尝试hybird 混合物archive档案，档案馆；把...存档TEXT 3 美国人身高已达到极限more than 极其，十分（与extremely相近）obscure 遮蔽secular trend 长期趋势substantial 大量的，结实的，本质，重要材料practice 实际行动；通常的做法，惯例，常规；习惯，习俗in this case of 至于notably 尤其，特别get in the way 阻碍bipedal 两足动物的constraints 限制，限定by and large 总的说，大体上补充：examine 审查，调查from the bottom ofbackrock 基石2009年TEXT1 你能成为一个拥有新习惯的人吗auto-pilot 自动驾驶rule （贬）支配，控制，操纵unflecting 缺乏思考的set sth on sth 调整好parallel 极相似的，同时发生的context 背景，环境，语境，上下文——in the sane context 在同一语境下mindlessly 无需动脑筋的，机械的herd （贬）易受他人影响的人群paradoxical 矛盾的trains of thought 一连串的想法、思路dismiss 不予考虑，摒弃，免职，解雇——dismiss as 对...不屑一提comfort zone 舒适区wear 磨出（洞），使形成，特定习惯——be worn to 被印入in ways of 以...的方式work through problems 解决问题modes of thought 思维方式come in 在...中起作用，参与press 杂志，报刊，记者，新闻工作者comply 遵从，服从，顺从deliberately 故意地bother 花费时间精力（做某事）bypass 绕过，避开kill off 使某事停止，根除derive from 源于all ...but...除...以为所有的...adolescense 青春期approach challenge 应对挑战collaborative 协作perpetuate 使持久化，使持续decisiveness 果断commonness 平庸TEXT2 基因检测及其存在的问题boost 增强，使增长boast 自夸，自吹over-the-counter 柜台的，场外的paternal 父亲的shell out 付一大笔款，还账kinship血缘关系，亲属关系rage 时尚，流行；暴怒，狂怒pass down 传下来，遗传estimate 判断reference 参考，查阅hawk 沿街叫卖，兜售chromosome 染色体的mitochondrial 线粒体的subject 受...支配，服务于TEXT3 正规教育的缺失不会限制生产力的提高priority 优先考虑的事groundless 无根据的deride 嘲笑meet standards 符合标准trap 困境substrantially 大幅度，本质上地consistendly 始终如一地downgrade 低估pre-bubble 泡沫破灭前illiterate 不识字的suspect 推测，猜想sufficient 充分的constrain限制，约束foreseeable 可预见的TEXT4 新英格兰的早期文化生活intellectual 知识分子，智力的pursuit 兴趣，爱好preoccupation 使人全神贯注的事物unfold 逐渐展现，表露attach importance to/place importance on 重视distinctive 独特的virtuosity技艺in keeping with 与...保持一致reach 引起...的注意craftsman工匠dependent 仆人，侍从susperstitious迷信的sermon 说教literary composition 书面作品commitment 献身，投入confront 遇到，面临religious commitment 宗教信仰endeavor 努力，尽力approach 方式，方法——take the approach to 以某种方式处理/看待theological 神学的civillity文明礼仪in the pursuit of 追求earnestness 渴望求知sign 迹象，征兆magical 神奇的let alone 更不用说settle one’s fate 决定命运clergymen 牧师illusory 虚幻的main end 主要目的2010年TEXT1 报纸评论艺术的衰落quarter-century 25年inexorable 不可阻挡的，无法改变的learned 博学的，学问精深的circulation 发行dirt-cheap廉价如土about 从事于，忙于be taken for granted 被视作理想当然的keep/hold one’s end up 在困难面前坚持下去，表现好calling 天职，使命感cricket 板球运动foremost 最好的，一流的save 除了revive 复苏mournful 悲哀的have little /no ues for sth 厌恶，不怎么喜欢做某事far-reaching 影响深远coverage 新闻报道marvel 感到惊奇，大为赞赏deem 认为，视为to the point of 达到...的程度in detail and at length 十分详尽be tempted to 不禁a term of contempt 轻蔑的称呼knight 封（某人）为爵士a vast body of 大量的postmodern 后现代的TEXT2 商业方法专利受到潜在法律威胁appear 看起来，似乎，好像authorize 批准，许可ever since 自从comply with 遵从，服从curb 起约束或控制作用的事物about-face 政策或态度的180°转变pool 集中ruling 裁决，判决filing 卷宗established 地位稳固的（established companies 老牌公司emerging companies 新兴公司）stake out exclusive rights to sth 宣布对...的独占权goodwill 善意hedge 树篱，防止损失的手段（n.）；拐弯抹角，限制，包围（v.）in the wake of 随某事物之后到来dismiss 驳回scale sth back 缩小a big deal 非常重要或严重的事a class of 一类dramatic 引人注目的issue 发给，供给race to do sth 争相hear a case 审理案件signal 表达，显示uphold 维持looming 潜在的，逼近的TEXT3 社会流行潮的传播epidemic （社会观念等的）泛滥——social epidemic 社会流行潮compelling 令人信服的a tiny minority 极少数supposed 误以为的，误信的，所谓的well connected 人脉极广informed 见识广博的plausible 有道理的embrace 乐意采纳cursory 粗略的，仓促的outsize 特大的propagate 传播，宣传stem from 基于interact with 与人交往，互动build on 以...为基础precisely 准确地，恰好地，精确地select 精选的，优等的anecdotal 轶事的presence 存在感，影响力cascade 瀑布，大量倾泻的东西in turn 反过来，依次simulation 模拟，仿真dynamic 动态，动力学TEXT4 会计准则制定者被迁怒a third party 第三方blame sb for sth 因为某事责备某人capital markets 资本市场compromise 使陷入危险toxic 有毒evade 躲避，逃避，规避for fear of 害怕overstate 高估，夸大（exaggerate 夸大；magnity 放大，扩大）fetch 售得，卖得lobby 游说carry 销售，出售——carry...at price 以...价格出售cry out against 强烈反对act one’s own 自作主张，独自决定invite 招致（尤指坏事）clean up 清理，整顿buy up 全部买进give in to 屈服，让步2011年TEXT4 提倡理性的育儿幸福观fullfill 让人感觉有意义的，令人满足的dampen 使扫兴，使沮丧child rearing 育儿anything less than 绝不是provocative 激励，煽动redefine 重新定义past-tense 过去式gratification 满足，满意practically 几乎，差不多，实际地gape 张开，裂开parenthood 做父母的身份lean on 依赖，依靠a piece of cake 小菜一碟dumb 愚钝glamorous 富有魅力的，诱人的subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的in the same way 同样newsstand 报摊mom-to-be 准妈妈persistently 持续不断地celebrate 颂扬Procreation生育round-the-clock 日夜不停，夜以继日。

2005考研英语真题详解2005考研英语真题详解2005年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考过程中经常研究的一份试卷。

本文将对这份试卷进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握英语考试的要点和技巧。

第一部分：阅读理解这部分共有三篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。

文章内容涉及科技、文化、教育等多个领域，考察考生的阅读理解能力和对不同主题的理解。

第一篇文章是关于科技创新的。

文章介绍了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的一项研究，该研究旨在探索科技创新对经济增长的影响。

问题主要围绕研究的目的、方法和结果展开，考生需要仔细阅读文章并理解其中的关键信息。

第二篇文章是关于文化差异的。

文章讲述了一个跨文化交流的案例，强调了文化差异对沟通和合作的影响。

问题主要涉及案例中的挑战和解决方案，考生需要通过阅读理解文章中的细节和逻辑关系，找到正确的答案。

第三篇文章是关于教育改革的。

文章讨论了英国高等教育体系的变革，并对其影响进行了分析。

问题主要针对变革的原因、目标和影响进行提问，考生需要通过阅读文章理解作者的观点和论证。

第二部分：完形填空这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有10个空格需要填写正确的单词。

文章内容涵盖了社会问题、人际关系等多个方面，考察考生的词汇理解和语境推测能力。

第一篇短文是关于社会责任的。

短文描述了一个社会活动家的经历，强调了每个人都应该承担起社会责任。

考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。

第二篇短文是关于人际关系的。

短文讲述了一个人在工作中遇到的困难和挑战，以及他通过与同事合作解决问题的经验。

考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。

第三部分：概括大意和完成句子这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有5个问题。

文章内容涵盖了科技、环境、教育等多个领域，考察考生的理解和概括能力。

第一篇短文是关于科技创新的。

短文介绍了一项新的科技创新，强调了其对环境和能源的积极影响。

考研英语历年真题全文翻译2010 Text 1在过去的 25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。

对于年龄低于 40 岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。

然而，在 20 世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。

从 20 世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。

当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。

在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。

他的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如 George Bernard Shaw 和 Ernest Newman 也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。

这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。

“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman 曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”。

不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。

从 1917 年开始一直到 1975 年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的 Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。

但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。

他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以 1947 年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。

1967 年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。

2005年英语一考研真题2005年的英语一考研真题是考察考生在英语阅读和写作方面的能力。

以下是对真题内容的分析和解答。

阅读理解第一篇阅读理解文章是关于谚语和俚语的，考察考生对于英语语言的了解和运用能力。

文章介绍了谚语和俚语的定义和功能，并列举了一些常见的例子。

谚语和俚语是一门语言的精华，它们能够简洁而生动地传达出丰富的意义和情感。

掌握了谚语和俚语，我们就能更好地理解和运用英语，增强自己的语言表达能力。

第二篇阅读理解文章是关于马克思主义哲学的，考察对于哲学思想和理论的理解和应用能力。

文章介绍了马克思主义哲学的起源和基本原理，阐述了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义等重要概念。

马克思主义哲学是一种科学的思想武器，它帮助我们理解社会现象和人类历史的发展规律。

掌握了马克思主义哲学，我们就能更好地分析和解决社会问题，提高自己的思维能力和创新意识。

写作写作部分要求考生根据给出的提示，针对一个话题进行写作。

在这个题目中，我们以“环境保护”为例进行讨论。

环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一。

人类的经济发展和生活方式带来了环境问题的同时，也给我们敲响了警钟。

怎样保护环境、改善生态环境已经成为全人类的共同责任。

以下是一些建议和观点供参考。

首先，政府应该出台更加严格的环境保护法律和政策。

在立法和执法方面加大力度，对环境犯罪行为进行打击和处罚。

同时，加强环境监测和治理，确保环境质量的改善。

其次，公众的环保意识需得到进一步的提高。

通过教育宣传和媒体的力量，增强人们的环境保护意识，培养人们爱护环境的习惯和行为。

此外，倡导绿色消费和可持续发展的生活方式，降低对环境的影响。

第三，加强技术创新和产业转型，推动绿色发展。

发展清洁能源和循环经济，减少污染物的排放和资源的浪费。

推动可持续发展的产业和经济模式，实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。

最后，国际合作和共同努力是解决环境问题的关键。

全球变暖、气候变化等环境挑战需要各国共同应对。

加强国际合作，分享环保经验和技术，制定共同的环境保护目标和行动计划。

第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。

作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。

本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。

主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。

第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。

第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。

从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，)拿②assumpuon被定语从句和同位语从句两个从句修饰。

可以将较短的定语从句译为“的”字结构的定语；较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法，单独成句，也可以放在中心词前面，用复指代词“这个，这一”来连接。

3．词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多，且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构，如：“拿出(接受，形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。

因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受；爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成，接受”，确定译为“拿出”。

(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏，但只要能知道它和error同源，就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。

爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。

[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说：因为我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想。

爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。

(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说，而且揭示了这一假设的谬误所在。

(1．5分))wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是，还是，依然”等，构成呼应，使行文更流畅。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose thebest word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans areoften thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, this is largely because, animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are to perceiving those smells which float through the air, the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, , we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of human smells even when these are to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smellone type of flower but not another, others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be becausesome people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sensesmells and send to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitiveto a certain smell can suddenly become sensitive to it when to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seemsto be that the brain finds it to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can new receptors if necessary. This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simplydo not need to be. We are not of the usual smell of our own house, but we new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best tokeep smell receptors for unfamiliar and emergency signals the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A]although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A]above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A]limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A]catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A]anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A]even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A]distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A]diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A]when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A]unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A]signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A]at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A]subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A]ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A]introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A]still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A]sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A]tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A]available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A]similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answerthe questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure atyour own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviouris regarded as “all too human,”with the underlying assumption that other animalswould not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study bySarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which hasjust been published in Nature, suggeststhat it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of femalebrown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”thanmales.Such characteristics make them perfect candidatesfor Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teachingtheir monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enoughto exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys wereplaced in separate but adjoining chambers, so that eachcould observe what the otherwas getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchangefor her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, orrefused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape inthe other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentmentin a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative,group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animalfeels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, arenot the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes thesefeelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such asense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether itstemsfrom the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question.21. Inthe opening paragraph, the author introduces histopic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. Thestatement “it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l) implies that________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealousof eachother[D] no animals other than monkeys can developsuchemotions23. Femalecapuchin monkeys were chosen for theresearch most probably because they are________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr.Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found intheir study that the monkeys________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop socialemotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertainsource.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openlyas humansdo.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stableonly inthe wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientistsargued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t knowfor sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismokinglobby was out to destroy ourway of life and the government should stay out of theway? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 millionsmokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientistsin one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the WhiteHouse, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that theproblem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protectourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, addedthis key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all theanswers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on thebest judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of presentactions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from manyquarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’sOK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerousgame: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With therisks obvious andgrowing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to payattention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’ttake global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to pressfor more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research aloneis inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congressshould help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic SenatorRobert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants tomeet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucialthat those new plants be environmentally sound.26. Anargument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of thecorrelationbetween smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokersin the pastdecades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose theirown way oflife[D] antismoking people were usually talkingnonsense27. Accordingto Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. Whatdoes the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. Accordingto the author, what should theAdministration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. Theauthor associates the issue of global warming withthat of smoking because________.[A] they both suffered from the government’snegligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicableto the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates theformer[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a worldwhere logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulatedhis revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconsciousdesires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of themas just “mental noise”-- the randombyproducts of the neural-repair work that goeson during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotionalthermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”And one leading authoritysays that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actuallybrought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’sMedical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vividdreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brainare equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relativelyquiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay withus all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows upamong the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more baddreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t alwaysthink about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, itappears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize howyou would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enoughto control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do itin their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably littlereason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties andgeneral feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those sufferingfrom persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream-- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchershave come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. Byreferring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. Thenegative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwrightseems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to theridding of baddreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring themundercontrol[C] dreams should be left to their naturalprogression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong totheunconscious35. Whatadvice might Cartwright give to those whosometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whetherin speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nordo they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation ofLanguage and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguistand controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees thegradual disappearance of “whom,”for example, to be natural and no moreregrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry andmusic. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pento paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has soughtto capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oraland written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity overcraft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examplesfrom both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like,care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there existsno language or dialect inthe world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is notarguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talkproper.Russians have a deep love for their own languageand carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicianstend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposesno radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of somethingbeautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead ofchina.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. Accordingto McWhorter, the decline of formal English________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudesin the1960s37. Theword “talking”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. Towhich of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily relatedto the waywe talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive thanstandardEnglish.[C] Non-standard varieties of human languageare justas entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard Englishcan best conveycomplex ideas.39. Thedescription of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. Accordingto the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to“china”as ________.[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”[B] “radical”is to “conservative”[C] “functional”is to “artistic”[D] “humble”is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentenceshave been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annualmeeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and theKirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts-- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each provincehaving its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargainingpower, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organizationwould be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Insteadof having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiatea price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiateon behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven millionpeople, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basiceconomics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihoodof a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction ofa national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for HealthTechnology Assessment, funded by Ottawaand the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial listswhich new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincialdeal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawato fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s onereason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keeprising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what hehad to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influenceon pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble theirusual complaint list, they should also get cracking aboutsomething in their jurisdictionthat would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency isprovincialistideology. One of the first advocates for anational list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s DrugInsurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket withannual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report:“the substantialbuying power of such an agency would strengthen thepublicprescription-drug insurance plans to negotiatethe lowest possible purchaseprices from drugcompanies.”[C] What does “national”mean? RoyRomanow andSenator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body muchlike the recently created NationalHealth Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark:health-care costshave been, are, and will continue to increase fasterthangovernment revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute forHealthInformation, prescription drug costs have risen since1997 at twice the rateof overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes from drugs being usedtoreplace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises fromnew drugs costing morethan older kinds. Part of it ishigher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-careshow,they should prove they can run it, starting with aninterprovincial healthlist that would end duplication,save administrative costs, prevent one provincefrombeing played off against another, and bargain for betterdrug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companieswill scream.They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way.They canuse the threat of removing jobs from oneprovince to another. They can hope that,if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause othersto includeit on theirs. They wouldn’t like a nationalagency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully andthen translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the massmedia in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History andnews become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism andoptimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings arecreated and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much toconnect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe thatis now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and nationalidentities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-mediagroups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring togethertelevision, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work inrelation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group,while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible televisioncompanies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easyworld to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out ofeighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European communitywill oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both productionand distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”thatrespects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connectingfabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programsrelate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we mustconcentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services andtraining. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creationof a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of theEuropean Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration tosay “United we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a sloganit would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respectthe varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor forthe magazine Designs & Fashions. Butnow you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write aletter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of theletter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words basedon the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English(10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。

2005(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。

译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。

(47)In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.评析：这句话最难的地方在于几个小词的处理，我们翻译的标准不用做到信达雅，但是起码要像人话，如果翻完自己都觉得很不通顺，坚决不可将就，句子有不熟悉的词不可以把英语抄在译文中，那样老师会理直气壮地扣分。

我们要尽量结合上下文，把句子做到通顺。

难点：television，radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses是并列关系，要翻成“电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社”，因为最后一个词是出版社，其他的几个虽然是媒体，但是和后面的出版社成并列关系，所以必须翻译成机构。

重点：并列关系。

并列各项1.词类相同2.作者态度相同3.语法结构相同4.意思接近。

全句翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作。