英语语法专练
第一部分冠词
1.Is there ____“s”in the end of the word?
A.an
B.a
C.the
D. /
2.Mr. Wang is ____honest man.
A.an
B.a
C.the
D. /
3.He is ____university student.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D. /
4. ____ book is very useful. I bought it from____unknown little town.
A.A, a
B.The, a
C.The, the
D.The, an
5.___girl in ___Grade three is ____tallest in our school.
A.The, the, the
B.A, a, a
C.The, ×, the
D.A, ×, a
6.____moon moves around____earth,and they both are smaller than ____sun.
A.The, an, a
B.A, the, the
C.×, ×, ×
D.The, the, the
7. She was playing ____piano then.
A.a
B./
C.the
D.an
8.____young should care for ____old.
A.The, a
B.The, the
C.A, a
D.A, the
9.The city lies on ____Yangtzi River.
A.the
B.a
C./
D.an
10.He doesn’t have ____lunch at home.
A.a
B.the
C./
D.that
第二部分名词
1.Is there ____on that plate? There are ____under that tree.
a.some chicken
b.any chicken
c.some chickens
d.any chickens
2.We need two ____to repair the table.
a.block of woods
b.blocks of wood
c.block of wood
d.blocks of woods
3.We know ____doesn’t runl so fast as light（光）.
a.sound
b.sounds
c.a sound
d.the sound
4.There are sixty ____in our school.
a.woman teacher
b.women teachers
C.woman teachers d.women teacher
5.Miss Smith is a friend of_____.
a.Mary’s mother’s
b.Mary’s mother
c.mother’s of Mary
d.Mary mother’s
第三部分数词
1.He always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ____.
a.hundred,hundred
b.hundreds,hundred
c.hundreds,hundreds
d.hundred,hundreds
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
2.The People’s Republic of China was founded ____,1949.
a.in October 1
b.on October 1st
c.in October 1st
d.October 1 3friday is the ____day of the week.
a.five
b.fiveth
c.fifth
d.fivth
4._____of the students in our school are from the countryside.
a.Two-three
b.Two-third
c.Two-thirds
d.Second-thirds
第四部分代词
1.This dictionary is hers, that one is ____.
a.myself
b.my
c.me
d.mine
2.____has happened and ____did it?
a.Who,who
b.What,who
c.What ,what
d.Who,what
3.____is the best season of the year?
a.When
b.What
c.Which
d.What time
4.Did you enjoy ___at the party last Saturday?
a.youself
b.you
c.yourselves
d.youselves
5.I have two brothers, and ____of them is a worker.
a.both
b.all
c.either
d.every
第五部分介词
1.Christmas Day is ______December 25.
a.at
b.on
c.in
d.by
2.There are some tall trees _____our house.
a.in the front of
b.in front of
c.in the front
d.at the back
3.What’s the matter_____you?
a.with
b.to
c.about
d.for
4.I’m sure you’ll get on well ____them.
a.of
b.with
c.about
d.by
第六部分主谓一致
1.What he says___important.
a.are
b.am
c.is
d.be
2.The class ____football while I was going over their compositions.
a.is playing
b.plays
c.are playing
d.were playing
3.His family ___watching TV now.
a.is
b.are
c.be
d.were
4.Not only you but also he ____wrong.
a.are
b.were
c.is
d.am
5.Mathematics ____very interesting .We all like it.
a.are
b.were
c.am
d.is
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
第七部分连词
1.Tom was very hungry, ____ he ate all the cakes.
a.and
b.but
c.so
d.o
2.Thin k hard, ___you’ll get a good idea.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so
3.____he had a lot of work to do ,____he often helped these old men.
a.Though, but
b.Though, still
c.Though, /
d.Although, but
4.Not only I but also she ____ playing football.
a.like
b.likes
c.to like
5.You may ___do it yourself ____leave it to me.
a.either…or
b.not only…but also
c.neither…nor
d.both…and
第八部分形容词
1.Joan is just ____ as Kate.
a.so careful
b.as careful
c.careful
d.more careful
2.John runs ___ than Tom.
a.more faster
b.much faster
c.very faster
d.too fast
3._____she is , ____she feels.
a.The busy, the happy
b.The busier, the happy
c.The busier, the happier
d.The buiser, the happiest
4.Tom is ______of the two.
a.younger
b.the younger
c.the youngest
d.youngest
5.Tom is ___ them all .
a.the tallest of
b.tallest of
c.taller in
d.tall in
6.My ____brother is three years _____than I.
a.elder,elder
b.older,oldest
c.elder,older
d.older,elder
7.They’re going t o build a school for ____.
a.the blind
b.blind
c.blinds
d.the blinds
第九部分副词
1.You should do you homework a bit ____ next time.
a.carefully
b.more carefully
c.most carefully
2.Lin Ying sings ____ of the three girls, doesn’t she?
a.well
b.better
c.best
d.good
3.He won’t do it. I won’t do it , _____.
a.too
b.either
c.also
d.so
4.I couldn’t move a step _____.
a.farther
b.farthest
c.longer
d.for
第十一部分简单句
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
1.We ____go there by bus.
a.will not to
b.isn’t
c.won’t
d.doesn’t
2.I ____ he is a good student.
a.don’t think
b.not think
c.isn’t think
d.thought
3. ---- ______ one is bigger, a horse or an elephant?
---- An elephant is.
a.Which
b.What
c.How
d.Where
第十五部分被动语态
1.A new song ____ on the radio.
a.has been taught
b.has taught
c.is teached
d.had taught
2.A new school ____ when I got there.
a.will be built
b.had been built
c.has been built
d.would build
3.He said a new hotel ____ in two weeks.
a.will be built
b.would be built
c.had built
d.was built
4.The ground ____ with leaves. a.covers b.covering c.is covered d.is covering
5.The lady _____ younger than my mother. a.look b.looks c.is looked
第十六部分时态
1.There is somebody at the door. I ____and open it.
a.am going
b.am going to
c.will go
d.go
2.I ____ in Beijing since 1956.
a.will live
b.live
c.lived
d.have lived
3.Mary ___ just ___ off the radio.
a.will,turn
b.has,turned
c.have,turned
d.do,turn
4.Could you lend your pen to me ? I _____ my pen.
a.lost
b.is lost
c.have lost
d.will lost
5.He ____ from Beijing for three years.
a.has been away
b.has gone
c.has left
d.has come
6.How many times ___ he ___ the Great Wall?
a.has,gone to
b.has,been
c.has,been in
d.has,been to
7、The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping
B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping
D. are asle
8.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.
A. learns
B.learned
C.was learning
D.had learned
9.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .
A.cried
B.crying
C.is crying
D.has cried
10.He told me that he______to see us the next day.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1917247800.html,es
B. came
C. will come
D. would come
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
11.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home.
A. is going
B. went
C. has come
D. would come
12.He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing
B. washes
C. has washed
D. was
13.I’m Chinese. Where______from?
A. do you come
B. you are coming
C. you come
D. are you coming
14.It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining
B. rains
C. was raining
D. will rain
15.I think this question______to answer.
A. easy
B. is easy
C. was easy
D. will easy
16. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps
B. is sleeping
C. slept
D. had slept
17.His grandfather______for thirty years.
A. died
B. was dead
C. has been dead
D. has died
18.He______ that factory since 1958.
A. has left
B. has worked in
C. has gone from
D. has come to
19.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.
A. went
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. has been
20.Next month______twenty five.
A. has my sister
B. my sister will be
C. my sister shall have
D. my sister is going to be
22. By the end of last term we______English for two years.
A. have studied
B. have been studied
C. would studied
D. had studied
24.When we arrived , the dinner______.
A. already began
B. has already begun
C. had already begun
D. was just begun
25.The old man said that light______faster than sound.
A. went
B. will go
C. travels
D. will travel
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
- 高氯酸对阿胶进行湿法消化后, 用导数火焰原子吸收光谱技术测定阿胶中的铜、“中药三大宝, 人参、鹿茸和阿胶。”阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史历代宫①马作峰论疲劳源于肝脏[J].广西中医药,2008,31(1):31.①史丽萍马东明, 解丽芳等力竭性运动对小鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响[J]. 辽宁中医杂志①王辉武吴行明邓开蓉《内经》“肝者罢极之本”的临床价值[J] . 成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):9.①杨维益陈家旭王天芳等运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.1 运动性疲劳与肝脏①张俊明“高效强力饮”增强运动机能的临床[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1989，（）：10117 种水解蛋白氨基酸。总含量在56.73%～82.03%。霍光华②采用硝酸硫酸消化法和18（）：372-374.1995,206．②林华吕国枫官德正等. 衰竭运动小鼠肝损伤的实验性J].天津体育学院党报, 1994,9(4):9-11.②凌家杰肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报.2003，（）31.②凌家杰肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报2003，（）：1.②谢敏豪等训练结合用中药补剂强力宝对小鼠游泳耐力与肌肉和肝Gn, LDH 和MDH 的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂②杨维益陈家旭王天芳等运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.2.1中药复方2.2 单味药33 阿胶和复方阿胶浆③常世和等参宝片对机体机能影响的[J].中国运动医学杂志，991，10（）：49.③聂晓莉，李晓勇等慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立及其对肝功能的影响[J]. 热带医学杂志，2007,7(4)：323-325.3.1 概述3.2 关于阿胶和复方阿胶浆医疗保健作用的3.2.1 营养成分和评价3.2.2 阿胶的药理作用3.2.3 阿胶的临床应用④ Xie MH, etal．Effec ts of Hong ji ng tia n she u" on eprodu ctive xis fu nction and ex ercise capaci ties n men. The5⑤周志宏等．补肾益元方对运动小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志，001，20（）：83-84202-204.5`"Inte rnatio nalCou rseand Confer enceon Physio logica lChemi str and Natr ition of exe rcise and tr aining (Abst ract)6⑥杨维益等．中药复方“体复康”对运动性疲劳大鼠血乳酸、p 一内啡肤、亮氨酸及强啡肤l-13 影响的实验研⑥。仙灵口服液可提高机体运动能力，加速运动后血乳酸的消除。F3 口服液能调整PCO2⑧孙晓波等．鹿茸精强壮作用的[J].中药药理与临床，1987，（）：11.⑨于庆海等．高山红景天抗不良刺激的药理[J]．中药药理与临床，1995，（）：83.⑩牛锐．淫羊藿炮制前后对小鼠血浆睾丸酮及附近性器官的影响[J]．中国中药杂志，1989,14(9):18．P<0.01),其他肝功能相关指标未见异常(P> 0.05) 。肝脏是动物机体重要脏器之一,Pi，同疲），肝主筋，人之运动皆由于筋，故为罢极之本”。人体肝脏的功能活动也必阿胶, 味甘性平入肺、肝、肾经, 具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。《神农本阿胶又称驴皮胶为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块是中国医药宝库中阿胶、熟地配伍能使补而不滋腻, 共奏益气补血之功, 主要治疗各种原因导致的气血阿胶对细有促进作用；提示阿胶能提高机体免疫功能。另外阿胶具阿胶具有很好的止血作用，常用来治疗阴虚火旺、血脉受伤造成的出血。比如，阿胶能治疗缺铁性贫血，再生障碍性贫血等贫血症状，阿胶对血小板减少，白细阿胶是一类明胶蛋白，经水解分离得到多种氨基酸，阿胶具有很多的药理作用和阿胶又称驴皮胶, 为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块。中药界有句口头禅阿胶中的营养成分比较多，主要有蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸、金属元素、硫酸皮肤。把阿胶应用于运动员或人群中的实践应用性，具有很大的潜力和市场前景，白血病、鼻咽癌、食道癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等。阿胶不温不燥，老少皆宜，一年四季均伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，胞减少等症也具有效果明显效果；另外，经配伍，阿胶可用来治疗多种出血症。医学保健作用，阿胶具有耐缺氧、耐寒冷、抗疲劳和增强免疫功能作用；同时，阿胶具有本文的目的意义有以下两个方面：一是通过阿胶的抗疲劳能力，来进一
本以运动性疲劳相关症状明显的篮球运动员为对象，以谷丙转氨酶、谷表明，阿胶还用于治疗妊娠期胎动不安，先兆流产习惯性流产等。对于月经病步了解运动员服用阿胶以后，不但能够使男女运动员的谷草转氨酶含量水平、谷丙转参促进人体对糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物质的合理利用, 并使剧烈运动时产生的乳草经》将其列为上品。《本草纲目》载阿胶“疗吐血衄血血淋尿血, 肠风下痢, 女草转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、总胆红素、白蛋白和白蛋白球蛋白含量水平为测定指标，产生运动。从中医学的观点来看，筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束，膜是筋的延长和扩布；常所说的肌腱和韧带等器官，韧带和肌腱坚韧有力。通过韧带和肌腱伸缩牵拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就说明了筋的功能受到肝脏的调节, 所以, 医家大多从筋与肝相关的角除运动后的疲劳, 已经成为运动医学领域的热点而中医药在改善、消除运动性促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用③。红景天圣露能促进机体运动后的恢复和消除促进血液凝固和抗贫血作用，有提高血红蛋白红细胞，白细胞和血小板的作用。到影响。的变化, 主要表现为部分肝细胞破裂, 内容物进入窦状隙, 未受损的肝细胞糖原明的核心问题之一也是运动训练学所要克服的核心问题之一, 疲劳是机体的一的滋补类药品；因始产于聊城东阿，故名阿胶，距今已有两千多年的生产历史；最早低分子肽含量分别是5%～45、10.97%～13.18% 。霍光华③采用标准水解法和氨基低运动后血清尿素氮含量；加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳点、“肝之合筋”的观点、“肝者其充在筋”的观点、“食气入胃散精于肝淫气于动领域的广泛应用。动性疲劳关系最为密切者当首推肝脏。动性疲劳后机体恢复作用和机制的十分活跃。动员和贮备，以及机体对运动刺激的适应和运动后的疲劳的恢复起到重要的促进作用度阐述肝与疲劳的关系, 其实肝尚可通过脏腑气血等多个途径影响疲劳感的产生和度的DS 标准液, 加适量天青Ⅰ试液, 36nm 处测定吸收值建立工作曲线回归方程。对于运动产生的机理, 中医学解释比较通俗易懂, 即：韧带和肌腱的伸缩牵拉骨对运动性疲劳的多集中于中枢疲劳与外周肌肉疲劳，而较少涉及肝脏实质器而略于补立法，以健脾保肝、补中益气组方的确是防治运动性疲劳的一条新思新。故发挥和延缓运动性疲劳的产生都能起积极而有效的作用。总之体力和脑力的产生均复的适应能力②。复方阿胶浆是由阿胶、红参、党参、熟地、山楂等药组成, 主入肝、脾两经。方肝，人动血运于经”的论述。明确指出运动能力与肝和血密切相关。这种“动则血肝脾同处于中心位置，共同掌管着气化的职责，所以运动性疲劳的气虚神乏大多是由肝损害可导致动物运动能力下降, 也有大量实验观察了急性力竭疲劳对动物肝脏的肝糖原、肌糖元含量下降, 其程度随着衰竭运动次数增加而增加。林华等②通过对衰肝有关，由此可以推测神经递质、激素的释放等生理活动均同肝脏有密切关系。再者肝与筋的关系非常密切，在许多著作中都阐述了这一观点。如“肝主筋”的观肝脏对内分泌具有促进作用。中医认为，胆汁的分泌、女子的排卵、男子的排精均主藏血、主筋，为“罴极之本”，有储藏营血与调节血量的作用是提供运动所肝主疏泄，调畅气机，对气血津液的生成、输布和代谢有着重要意义。就运动生高山红景天在疲劳情况下能提高机体持续工作的时间，维持血压、心率的正常水高小鼠肝糖原的储备量；降低运动后血清尿素氮含量；加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的骼肌产生运动。《素问?六节藏象论》曰：“肝者罢极之本魂之居也, 其华在爪其个特别复杂的生理生化过程。总的说来，疲劳可分为生理疲劳和心理疲劳。 1982工作能力的作用①。强力宝能促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用②。参宝片也能具有官的疲劳。肝脏作为人体重要的脏器，与运动性疲劳的关系极为密切。国际运动医学协会主席普罗科朴(Pol o1Capu r) 认为运动性疲劳问题是运动医学过度的训练、残酷的比赛引起的缺氧、强应激反应会导致机体的神经内分泌系统、心过去一段时间，抗运动性疲劳传统上单纯采用补的模式现在，中医药抗疲劳出还认为“食气入胃，全赖肝木之气以疏泄之，而水谷乃化，气血方得以运生”，说明和血虚者，如服用阿胶补益，也具有良好的效果。临床上充分发挥阿胶的养血、补血、恢复正常，促进酸碱平衡的恢复，减少碱性物质的消耗⑦。机体的血量增加以便增加通气血流比值。肝内所贮存的血液就会更多的向机体全身肌腱和韧带等器官的力量。筋和筋膜向内连着五脏六腑，肝将脾输送来的精微之气浸、涉水等劳动或运动都称为“劳”, 而竞技体育由于其具有大运动量、高强度的加⑧。剑, 便无踪无影。阿娇日日夜夜在狮耳山、狼溪河附近狩猎。最后, 用利剑杀死了一奖牌呢毫无疑问是靠长时间艰苦的训练，然而伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，娇, 决心要找到救治此病的特效药物, 为民解忧。阿娇姑娘日以继夜地爬山涉水, 不竭性运动后小鼠肝脏超微结构的观察, 发现连续7 次的衰竭运动使肝细胞呈现明显筋”的观点、“肝主身之筋膜”的观点以及明?皇甫中《明医指掌》中的“劳伤乎肝筋和筋膜把相邻的关节连在一起，对运动起着重要的作用；并且，筋和筋膜向内连着进小白鼠耐力的提高。经论》有“肝藏血”的观点，另外，在《素问?五脏生成论》里，也有“人卧血归于景天圣露、补肾益元方、体复康、仙灵口服液及F3 口服液等。复方阿胶浆能显著提究[J]．北京中医药大学学报，1997，20（）：37-40.具有多种代谢功能。血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶升高在一定程度上反映了肝细胞的亢不抑就会能协调精神、情趣和意志使情绪稳定思维敏捷对运动技术水平的充分抗运动性疲劳的单味药主要有鹿茸、高山红景天、人参、淫羊藿和花粉等。实验抗运动性疲劳的中药复方主要有复方阿胶浆、高效强力饮、强力宝、参宝片、红可用，是强身健体的滋补佳品。阿胶中富含蛋白质降解成分，通过补血起到滋润皮肤劳感。”运动性疲劳属中医“劳倦”范畴, 中医将劳力、劳役、强力举重、持重远行、劳模型组大鼠血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶在此期间出现明显升高(P<0.05 或理而言如果肝脏的疏泄功能正常就会使骨骼和肌肉强壮有力；如果气机调畅那么力劳动时的疲劳②, 并有效减少相同体力劳动下的出汗量等作用。两虚证, 通过补充和调节人体血液的贮备量而发挥抗疲劳的作用。药理实验亦证实人量方法表明, 阿胶水溶液(Mu rphy 法与其经Gor nall 双缩脲和Lowry酚试剂反量水平。从而证实阿胶能提高运动员的抗运动性疲劳的能力。二是通过对阿胶抗运动聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文谋虑，此即“肝者将军之官，谋虑出焉”，也说是说肝和某些高级神经功能有关。（）年的第届国际运动生物化学会议将疲劳定义为“机体生理过程不能持续其机能在疲劳方面的作用日益突出。近年来，在我国运动医学界，对中医药提高体能和促进运品将会更加得到世人的瞩目，其经济效益不可估量。平，红景天制剂适用于体育运动、航空航天、军事医学等各种特殊环境条件下从事特清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳时间。高效强力饮能提高心脏的搏出量从而具有提高心脏然而近年来中医肝和运动与疲劳的关系越来越受到关注, 目前很多实验已证明人们为了纪念阿娇姑娘恩德就将驴皮膏叫做“阿胶”。①人血痛经水不调, 子, 崩中带下, 胎前产后诸疾。”现代表明, 阿胶含明胶认识运动性疲劳对肝脏的影响及判定指标、肝脏与运动性疲劳消除等方面的关若过度疲劳损伤了肝脏那么肌腱和韧带必将非常疲乏而不能收持自如运动就会受赛场是证明运动健儿的运动能力及其为国争光的最好场所。运动员靠什么去夺取伤。升高骨髓造血细胞、白细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白，促进骨髓造血功能，迅速恢复失血时间。疏泄功能失常那么五脏气机也就紧接着发生紊乱因此有者认为五脏之中与疏于补。肝以其“主藏血”的生理功能对全身脏腑组织起营养调节作用提供运动所输送；当运动结束或安静休息时机体内剩余的血液就回输送回肝脏。所以，《素问?调鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响发现力竭运动对肝脏超微结构有损伤素和生物酸等。阿胶中蛋白质的含量为60%～80%左右樊绘曾③等通过四种蛋白质定洗脱使游离生物酸吸附在活性炭上。酸高氯酸混酸消化中药阿胶, 采用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的铜。王朝晖④等用硝酸酸转化为丙酮酸进入三羧酸循环, 为机体提供更多的能量, 因而人参可起到减轻酸自动仪测定不同炮制方法所得四种阿胶炮制品中各种氨基酸的含量, 均含有随着的进行和成果的问世，阿胶将会得到国内外运动员的青睐。阿胶这种产损伤程度，表明慢性疲劳可引起肝细胞物质代谢功能持续紊乱, 最终导致肝功能损调节疲劳程度的轻重①。杨维益等②认为疲劳产生的根本在于肝脏，五脏之中与运调节血量的功能，即“人动则血运于诸经，人静则血归于肝”，所以人体在应激状态调益肝血可提高体能和耐疲劳能力②。廷并将其作为“圣药”专享。关于阿胶药名的由来, 还有一则动人的传说。据说很早吃饱喝足的小黑驴。她遵照老翁的嘱咐将驴皮熬成膏用膏治好了许多吐血病人。吐血、尿血、痔疮出血等，适当配伍温经散寒药物还可以治疗虚寒性胃溃疡出血。为“圣药”专享。动物实验结果显示复方阿胶浆能显著提高小鼠肝糖原的储备量；降文献综述五脏六腑，是关节运动的重要功能结构人的运动主要是来自筋的力量，也就是来自系，才能提供解决的办法。肝脏与运动性疲劳关系密切。在运动性疲劳发生时，肝脏下，肝脏对血液的调节可保证心脏、大脑及肾脏等重要脏器的血液的供应。（）肝主显减少。聂晓莉等③通过慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立发现，与正常对照组比较, 慢性疲显性激素样作用，因为鹿茸乙醇提取物不能使去势小鼠和大鼠的前列腺和精囊重量增现了一种新的模式，那就是以“理气扶正”、“理血扶正”为原则组方，以疏为补或寓谢，增强细胞能量代谢和提高体细胞免疫功能⑤。体复康对机体在运动过程中能量的锌、锰含量。樊绘曾⑤通过降解驴皮蛋白聚糖分离获得硫酸皮肤素(DS, 并用不同浓性疲劳能力的，更好的促进阿胶产品的开发和以及进一步促进阿胶产品在运性贫血的红细胞。须赖之于肝气的升发鼓舞，肝脏对气机的疏通调畅作用论据有三（）肝藏血，具有需的能量来源。《内经》载：“肝者，罢极之本”，王冰注：“运作劳甚者谓之罢（音需能量物质的重要来源。能保证运动过程中血液的正常循环。当机体在运动时，运动血不滞不瘀有利于体内血液的循环和运动所需能源物质的补充；如果肝气升发而不血管系统等功能失调及免疫功能下降进而影响运动员比赛成绩的发挥。如何尽快消血脉和顺、经络通利可濡润肌腱和韧带，让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如，同时气训练身心接近极限的考验, 所以运动性疲劳可以看作一种对机体消耗更大的“劳”。严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。阿胶的抗疲劳能力就具有举足轻重的意义。药三宝”之一。阿胶也称作驴皮胶、付致胶，具有明显的补血健身效果，自北魏或更要治好吐血之症, 非食狮耳山的草, 饮狼溪河水的黑驴皮膏不可。”说完赠她一把利一特定水平上和或不能维持预定的运动。”而心理疲劳是指: “运动员或体育锻炼以气血为物质基础，以经络为通道，通过五脏功能的协调而实现。反之如果肝脏的以前, 山东省东阿县一带流行一种吐血而死的不治之症。当地一位心地善良的姑娘阿益气的作用，可以用来调治多种老年性疾病；中医临床上常用阿胶配以其他药物治疗因此，用科学而有效的手段予以消除运动性疲劳显得十分紧迫和必要。淫濡润在肌腱和韧带上，让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如故有“肝主运动”的说法①。淫羊藿具有明显的促性机能作用。并明显促进辜丸组织增生及分泌⑩。花粉能促影响。史丽萍等①通过跑台运动建立小鼠急性力竭运动疲劳模型, 观察力竭运动对小应后的吸收光谱特征皆与参比明胶相同此外, 李丽④等采用二硫酸钾碱性氧化- 紫应于筋极”的观点。这些观点说明了肝和筋的关系非常密切。其实，筋也就是我们平泳和跑动时间。用于抗运动性疲劳的中药大多为复方，也有单味药和提取成分。有耐缺血、耐寒、抗疲劳和抗辐射的能力。于“无邪病在元气之虚。”以“精气夺则虚”为基本病理。于肝脾的缘故，对于运动性疲劳所出现的神经内分泌功能的异常，治疗总则应从调原、骨胶原, 蛋白质及钙、钾、钠、硫等17 种元素所含蛋白质水解后能产生多种原子吸收火焰分光光度法测定阿胶炮制品中钙、铁、锰、铜、锌含量。董顺玲③以硝越来越多的人用阿胶强身健体，美容养颜。运动性疲劳，从而具有提高运动能的作用④。补肾益元方具有改善骨骼肌自由基代运动性疲劳关系较密切者应当首先是肝脏疲劳产生的根本在肝①。运动性疲劳作为一种亚健康状态或疾病状态以中医脏腑气血病的机制来阐释属运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。运用实验法来阿胶对篮球运动员抗运动性疲劳能力的影响。运于经静则血归于肝”的调节能力从一个方面反映了运动员对运动训练和疲劳后恢载于《神农本草经》。阿胶是我国的一种名贵中药，有补血“圣药”之称，也是“中早即成为朝廷的珍贵贡品。阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史, 历代宫廷并将其作者长期集中于重复性的单调且大强度训练和比赛情况下所造成的一种心理不安和疲证明鹿茸具有抗运动性疲劳、耐高温和低温等不良应激的能力。有报道显示鹿茸无明知疲劳地寻找。一日他在山涧歇息时偶遇一位银须白发的老翁。老翁告诉她“若志,198，（）：211.质、氨基酸、钙等，能改善血钙平衡，促进红细胞的生成。阿胶直接作用于造血链，中医临床上主要用阿胶治疗因血虚引起的病症。随着人们生活质量的提高，民间中医学认为，阿胶性味甘、平，有滋阴补血的功效。据，阿胶含有多种蛋白中主药红参大补元气, 益血生津；阿胶、熟地补血滋阴；山楂性偏温, 能行气血, 与种工作的人员的健康保持⑨。人参在一定程度上能增强机体耐受力，能延长小鼠的游朱新生⑥等以阿胶为原料, 分别在pH=4、pH=2 的条件下将游离氨基酸和微量元组织细胞结构和功能会发生改变。不同强度的运动对肝脏的影响是不同的。
学生的进步家长的满意我们的追求
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法综合练习题 单项选择 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. % A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet { 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. ~ A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself.
A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 、 9、Does Jack want a writer A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 【 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 【 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语语法专项习题1-名词82页附参考答案1. ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
初中英语语法练习题 第一套（全十六单元） Unit 1 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. It’s no good _______ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 3. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 4. The classroom wants __________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 5. Jack said that he wouldn’t mind ___________ for us. A. o wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 6. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. We should often practise _________ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 8. Keep on _________ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 9. Don’t forget ______ the notebook with you when you go to the lecture. A. to take B. to carry C. to send D. to bring 10. You’d better ________ her, it would only worry her. A. not tell B. tell C. to tell D. not to tell 11. The librarian work is ________ the books in the library. A. takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of 12. Her parent’s won’t let her ________ out with her boyfriend. A. goes B. to go C. going D. go 13. I asked her _______ with us. A. when to go B. when he will go C. if he will go D. that he would go 14. I have not got a chair ________. A. for sitting B. to sit on C. to sit D. for sitting on 15. My mother often tells me ________ in the sun A. not to read B. don’t read C. doesn’t read D. not read 16____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 17 ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
初中英语语法练习题练习及答案 初中英语语 各个击破 目录 一．名词（）二．形容词（）三．代词（）四．数词（）五．冠词（）六．动词动词语态时态（）动词不定式（）七．副词（）八．介词（）九．连词（）十．比较级和最高级（）十一．定语从句（）十二．主谓一致（）十三．状语从句（）十四．虚拟语气（） 十五．倒装句（）十六．独立主格（）十七．其他重点语法（）初中英语语法专项练习一——名词 1 ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
1．There is ____ old woman in the car. A．/ B．the C．a D．an 2．We often go to the park ____ Sundays. A．on B．in C．at D．from 3．My book ____ on the desk. A．is B．am C．are D．be 4．Which language is ____ ，English, French or Chinese? A．difficult B．the difficult C．more difficult D．the most difficult 5．---- ____ book is this? ----It's Kate's. A．When B．Why C．Where D．Whose 6．----Can you write a letter in English? ----No, I ____. A．may not B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't 7．I ____ my homework when Mike came last night A．do B．was doing C．am doing D．have done 8．He began to ____ English three years ago. A．learn B．learns C．learned D．learning 9．Jim is a driver, ____ he? A．does B．doesn't C．is D．isn't 10．“What's wrong ____ you?”the doctor asked. A．from B．with C．for D．at 11．He is rich, ____ he isn't happy. A．or B．so C．and D．but 12．----Where is Alice? ----She ____ to the library. A．goes
初中英语语法专项练习题 一、名词冠词 1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two _______. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 2. Help yourself to _________. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 3. ________ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 4. Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe's factory D. shoes' factory 5. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying 6. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two month's D. two-months 7.____ trees are cut down in the forests every year. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 8. Our sports meeting will be held ________. A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24 9. _______ people here are very friendly to us. A. The B. / C. A D. An 10. There is no enough ____in the corner to put the table. A. place B. room C. floor D. ground
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
初中英语语法：情态动词讲解及练习情态动词讲解及练习（Modal Verbs） * 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词（Modal Auxiliaries）”，因为它和基本助动词（be,do, have）都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would，must,这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare等。 一、九大情态动词的时态关系： 1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would 5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替） 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测” （1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”： 1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。（否定句） 2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗? （将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句） 3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。（只表示理论上的可能性） （2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”： 1. It may rain tomorrow. （表示可能会发生）明天可能会下雨。 2. It may snow later this afternoon. （表示预测）今天下午可能会下雪。 3. You might be right. （表示有可能）你可能是对的。 （3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”： 1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。（will be 表示一定会） 2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。（would be 表示肯定是） 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.
初中英语语法训练试题（含答案） 初中英语语法专项练习十一——定语从句 1. Don't talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the o ne 3. Is this factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _________ couldn 'b t e found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature ________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on th at C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observe d B. what you hav e observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The r eason is ______________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I 'tellll you ________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _______ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We' retalking about the piano and the pianist ____ were in the concert we attended last n ight. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl ______ an English song in the next room is Tom's sister. A. who is singing B. is singi ng C. sang D. was singing 15. Those ____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone ______ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn 'y t ou see the man __ ? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _________ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything ______ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 2 0. “ Howdo you like the book? ” -- “ It q'ui s te different from ______ I read last month. ”A. that B. which C. the one D. the one w hat 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except ______ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train ______ she was travelling was late. A. whi ch B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer ______ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic ______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. It 'th s e third time _______ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you ' vaerrived D. when you ' ve arrived