北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题 考生注意：所有答题务必写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。 I. Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40) Part 1 Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter. 1. “The giant was bit” is a tautological statement, to say the least. A. tight B. redundant C. illogical D. relative 2. There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house. A. landing place B. prohibition C. violation D. permission 3. Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people. A. impatient B. immature C. impulsive D. imperial 4. U nfortunately, I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores. A .dull B. practical C. trivial D. rhyming 5. The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance too glib. A. sarcastic B. flashy C. malicious D. readily fluent 6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided it was too beautiful to swim in. A. breakable B. futuristic C. delicate D. sparkling 7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership. A. lead B. doubt C. check D. repeat 8. It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice, but it can be done. A. affluent B. confirmed C. disciplined D. indecisive 9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company A. headhunted B. punched C. plundered D. probed 10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable. A. indelible B. inscrutable C. illegible D. illegitimate 11. She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest. A. bridled B. bridged C. breathed D. boasted 12. Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big company. A. positive outlook B. banking agreement C. profit-and-loss statement D. formal business document 13 .The real hero is never ostentatious. A. frivolous B. pretentious C. presumptuous D. ponderous 14. If you have never held a driving license before, you should apply for a provisional license. A. providential B. temporary C. provincial D. improvised 15. John Smith is a voracious book collector. A. vicious B. luxurious C. insatiable D. valuable 16. I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions. A .precipitous B. precocious C. precarious D. precautious 17. You need an excursion to break the monotony. A. gaunt B. jaunt C. vaunt D. taunt 18. The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many people. A. border B. marshy ground C. dilemma D. situation 19. It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an author. A. unexpected B. interesting C. favorable D. doubtful
[考研类试卷]考研物理化学（热力学第一定律）模拟试卷1 一、填空题 请完成下列各题，在各题的空处填入恰当的答案。 1 1 mol理想气体从p1，V1，T1分别经(1)绝热可逆膨胀到p2，V2，T2和经(2)绝热等外压膨胀至p'2，V'2，T'2，若p2=p'2，则T2______T'2；V2______V'2。(填 “＞”“＜”“=”) 2 若要通过节流膨胀达到制冷的目的，则必要条件是μ______0。(填“＞”“＜”“=”) 3 298 K下，体积为2 dm3的刚性绝热容器中装有1 mol的O2(g)和2 mol的H2(g)；二者发生饭应生成液态税，则该过程的△U=______。 二、单项选择题 下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。 4 关于热和功，下面的说法中，不正确的是( ) （A）功和热只出现于系统中状态变化的过程，只存在于系统和环境问的界面上 （B）只有在封闭系统中发生的过程，功和热才有明确的意义 （C）功和热不是能量，而是能量传递的两种形式，可称之为被交换的能量 （D）在封闭系统中发生的过程，如果内能不变，则功和热对系统的影响必互相抵消 5 涉及焓的下列说法中，正确的是( ) （A）单质的焓值均等于零 （B）在等温过程中焓变为零 （C）在绝热可逆过程中焓变为零
（D）化学反应中系统的焓变不一定大于内能变化 6 dU=C V dT及dU m=C V，m dT适用的条件完整地说应当是( ) （A）等容过程 （B）无化学反应和相变的等容过程 （C）组成不变的均相系统的等容过程 （D）无化学反应和相变且不做非体积功的任何等容过程及无反应和相变而且系统内能只与温度有关的非等容过程 7 盖斯定律包含了两个重要问题，即( ) （A）热力学第一定律和热力学第三定律 （B）热力学第一定律及热的基本性质 （C）热力学第三定律及热的基本性质 （D）热力学第一定律及状态函数的基本特征 8 在下列涉及盖斯定律的表述中，不正确的是( ) （A）对在等温等压且不做非体积功的条件下发生的各个化学反应过程和相变过程，可使用盖斯定律 （B）对在等温等容且不做功的条件下，发生的各个化学反应过程，可使用盖斯定律 （C）同一物质在盖斯定律涉及的几个反应中都出现时，只要无溶解等现象，相态不同也可加减 （D）利用盖斯定律求某个反应的热效应时可引入一些别的反应，设想一些中间步骤，无论实际反应是否按这些中间步骤进行都可以
物理化学考研样题
北京化工大学 攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试 物理化学样题 注意事项 1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在 ．． 试卷上均不给分 ．．．．．．．。 2．答题时可不抄题，但必须写清题号。 3．答题必须用蓝、黑墨水笔或圆珠笔，用红笔或铅笔均不给分。 4．波尔兹曼常数k=1.381×10-23 J?K-1, 法拉第常数F=96500 C。 一、选择题 1．将1mol在温度T及其饱和蒸汽压p*下的H2O(l)分别经过程I：等温、等压蒸发及过程II：向真空蒸发，变为相同温度、相同压力下的H2O(g)。下列关系正确的是。 A．ΔG(I) ≠ΔG(II)，ΔH(I) = Q(I)，ΔH(II) ≠Q(II) B．ΔG(I) = ΔG(II)，ΔU(I) = Q(I)，ΔH(I) = ΔH (II) C．ΔG(I) = ΔG(II)，ΔH(I)= ΔU(I)，ΔH(II) ≠
Q(II) D．ΔG(I) = ΔG(II)，ΔH(I)= Q(I)，ΔH(II) Q(II) 2．对封闭系统，下列自发性判据不正确 ．．．的是。A．等温且W'=0的过程：ΔA≤W体积B．等温等压且W'=0的过程：ΔG≤0 C．任意过程：ΔS隔离=ΔS系统+ΔS环境≤0D．恒熵恒容过程：ΔU≤W' 3．下列有关偏摩尔物理量和化学势的说法不正确的是： A．偏摩尔物理量为恒温恒压下增加1mol 某物质的量对容量性质的贡献值 B．某物质在T、p条件下达气液平衡时，其气态化学势与液态化学势相等 C．理想液态混合物在T、p条件下混合过程无吸、放热现象及无体积变化 D．恒温恒压下，物质自发进行的方向是向着化学势减小的方向进行 4．对于理想液态混合物的混合过程，混合前后下列关系正确的是。 A．ΔV=0，ΔH=0，ΔS>0，ΔG<0 B．ΔV<0，ΔH>0，ΔS>0，ΔG<0 C．ΔV<0，ΔH>0，ΔS<0，ΔG>0 D．ΔV=0，ΔH=0，ΔS<0，ΔG>0 5．碳酸钙分解反应：CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g)，不同温度时的标准平衡常数如下表：
____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points). In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting____1____ workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended ____2____ giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the ____4____ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ____5____ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ____6____ what was done in the experiment; ____7____something was changed,
模拟题及答案 一．名词解释(20分) 1．封闭系统 2. 内能 3. 标准摩尔生成焓 4. 电解池 5. 表面张力 6. 零级反应 7. 催化剂 8. 乳状液 9. 熵判据 10. 拉乌尔定律 二. 选择题（在A，B，C，D中选择最正确的答案，10分) 1．热力学第一定律ΔU=Q+W 只适用于 (A) 单纯状态变化 (B) 相变化 (C) 化学变化 (D) 封闭物系的任何变化 2. 关于热力学第二定律下列哪种说法是错误的 （A）热不能自动从低温流向高温 （B）不可能从单一热源吸热作功而无其它变化 （C）第二类永动机是造不成的 （D）热不可能全部转化为功 3．关于克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程下列说法错误的是 （A）该方程仅适用于液-气平衡 （B）该方程既适用于液-气平衡又适用于固-气平衡 （C）该方程假定气体的体积远大于液体或固体的体积 （D）该方程假定与固相或液相平衡的气体为理想气体 4．二元恒沸混合物的组成 （A）固定 (B) 随温度而变 (C) 随压力而变 (D) 无法判断 5. 采用对消法(或称补偿法)测定电池电动势时，需要选用一个标准电池。这种标准
电池所具备的最基本条件是 (A) 电极反应的交换电流密度很大，可逆性大 (B) 高度可逆，电动势温度系数小，稳定 (C) 电池可逆，电势具有热力学意义 (D) 电动势精确已知，与测量温度无关 6. 法拉弟于1834年根据大量实验事实总结出了著名的法拉弟电解定律。它说明的问题是 (A) 通过电解池的电流与电势之间的关系 (B) 通过电解池的电流与超电势之间的关系 (C) 通过电解池的电量与发生电极反应的物质的量之间的关系 (D) 电解时电极上析出物质的量与电极面积的关系 7. 对于理想的水平液面，其值为零的表面物理量是 (A) 表面能 (B) 比表面吉布斯函数 (C) 表面张力 (D) 附加压力 8. 表面活性剂是 (A) 能降低溶液表面张力的物质 (B) 能增加溶液表面张力的物质 (C) 溶入少量就能显著降低溶液表面张力的物质 (D) 溶入少量就能显著增加溶液表面张力的物质 9. 用物理方法测定化学反应速率的主要优点在于 (A) 不要控制反应温度 (B) 不要准确记录时间 (C) 不需要很多玻璃仪器和药品
傅献彩《物理化学》考研2021考研复习笔记和真题 第1章气体 1.1 复习笔记 【通关提要】本章通过气体分子运动模型，从微观角度了解分子的运动规律。本章重点在于了解气体分子的性质，如运动公式、速率分布、能量分布、碰撞频率等。在非理想气体中重点了解van der Waals方程及对比状态定律。 【知识框架】 【重点难点归纳】 一、气体分子动理论
1理想气体 理想气体：符合方程pV＝nRT。 【补充】气体在低压及较高温度下更符合状态方程pV＝nRT 2气体分子动理论的基本公式 （1）气体的根均方速率 式中，u称为气体的根均方速率； （3）气体压力和根均方速率的关系（根据气体分子动理论导出的基本方程式） 3几个经验定律（见表1-1-1） 表1-1-1 经验定律总结 二、理想气体的状态图 理想气体均表示曲面上且满足关系式：，该状态图也称为相图。（见图1-1-1和1-1-2）
图1-1-1 p-V坐标图上理想气体在不同温度下的等温线 图1-1-2 V-T坐标图上理想气体在不同压力下的等压线三、分子运动的速率分布 1Maxwell速率分布定律 分子速率分布曲线与温度的关系（见图1-1-3）
图1-1-3 分子速率分布曲线与温度的关系【关系推导】T2＞T1，随着温度升高，最高点下移。 2分子速率的三个统计平均值比较（见表1-1-2） 表1-1-2 分子速率的三个统计平均值比较 四、分子平动能的分布 1分子能量处于E～（E＋dE）之间的分子占总分子中的分数 能量分布函数f（E） 2在二维平面能量大于某定值E1的分子分数
3在三维空间能量大于某定值E1的分子分数 五、气体分子在重力场中的分布Boltzmann（玻耳兹曼）公式： 六、分子的碰撞频率和平均自由程 1平均自由程 2分子的互碰频率 3分子与器壁的碰撞频率 4分子隙流 隙流速度 七、实际气体
07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each) 21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A. investment B. resource C. inspiration D. stimulus 22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions. A. bewildering B. exasperating C. dismaying D. upsetting 23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography. A. all at once B. by and by C. to some extent D. on the whole 24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences. A. optimistic B. anxious C. uncertain D. scared 25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes. A. enhanced B. revised C. alternated D. modified 26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery. A. arisen from B. contributed to C. patched up D. participated in 27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed. A. resigned B. compromised C. persisted D. dominated 28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural. A. inclined B. struggled C. argued D. competed 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company. A. on occasion B. at present C. by now D. for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families. A. briefly B. quickly C. accurately D. earnestly Section B (0.5 point each) 31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world. A. neighborhoods B. communities C. clusters D. assemblies 32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1913424461.html,pose B. impose C. expose D. pose 33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests. A. energetic B.vigorous C. rigorous D. grave 34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________. A. presentation B. instruction C. conviction D.obligation 35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other. A. incomprehensible B. incomparable C. inconceivable D. incompatible 36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum. A. in the light of B. in the event of C. in the case of D. in the course of
湖南大学 2013年硕士研究生入学考试模拟试题（一） 科目代码：832科目名称：物理化学所有答案必须做在答案题纸上，做在试题纸上无效！ 一、选择题（25*1） 1、一定量的液态环己烷在其正常沸点时变为同温同压下的蒸气，则：() (A)ΔU=ΔH，ΔA=ΔG，ΔS>0 (B)ΔU<ΔH，ΔA<ΔG，ΔS>0 (C)ΔU>ΔH，ΔA>ΔG，ΔS<0 (D)ΔU<ΔH，ΔA<ΔG，ΔS<0 2、某溶液由2mol A和1.5mol B混合而成，其体积为420cm3，此溶液中组分A的偏摩尔体积为30cm3?mol-1，则组分B的偏摩尔体积：() (A)200cm3?mol-1(B)300cm3?mol-1 (C)240cm3?mol-1(D)280cm3?mol-1 3.合成了一个新化合物B（s）的质量为1.5g，溶于1.0kg纯水中形成非电解质溶液，测得出现冰的温度比纯水凝固点下降了0.015K，已知水的凝固点降低常数 k f =1.86K?mol-1?kg，则该化合物的摩尔质量M B () (A)100g?mol-1(B)150g?mol-1(C)186g?mol-1(D)200g?mol-1 以冲入容器内的气体为系统，环境对它做功，系统热力学能升高 4.ΔH=Q p ，此式适用于下列哪个过程：() (A)理想气体从106Pa反抗外压105Pa膨胀 (B)0℃，105Pa下冰融化成水 (C)电解CuSO 4 水溶液 (D)气体从(298K，105Pa)可逆变化到(373K，104Pa) 5.一定量的液态环己烷在其正常沸点时变为同温同压下的蒸气，则：() (A)ΔU=ΔH，ΔA=ΔG，ΔS>0
2013年冶金物理化学考研试题
北京科技大学2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 ======================================================================== ===================================== 试题编号：809 试题名称冶金物理化学（共7 页）适用专业：冶金工程、冶金工程（专业学位） 说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。 考试用具：无存储功能计算器。 ======================================================================== ===================================== 此试卷包含两部分：其中第一部分适用于冶金工程（不含生态学）考生，第二部分仅适用于生态学考生。 第一部分（适用于冶金工程<不含生态学>考生） 1、简要回答下列问题（第1-8小题每题7分，第9小题14分，共70分） 1）当铁液中组元i的浓度趋于零时，试推导以纯物质标准态的活度及活度系数与以1%标准态的活度及活度系数的关系。 2）对如下反应 （SiO2）+2[C]=[Si]+2CO (1) △G10=a1-b1T SiO2，（S）+2[C]=[Si]+2CO (2) △G20=a2-b2T 在T≤1873K时，讨论△G10与△G20的关系。 3）用热力学原理分析氧势图（Ellingham图）上，为什么标准状态下低位置的金属元素可以还原高位置的氧化物？ 4）描述二元系规则溶液的活度系数的计算方法，并与Wagner模型计算进行对
____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points). In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting____1____ workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended ____2____ giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the ____4____ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ____5____ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ____6____ what was done in the experiment; ____7____something was changed,
一、选择题（每题3分，共30分） 1．某气体状态方程为p＝f（V）T，f（V）仅为体积的函数，恒温下该气体的熵随体积V的增加而（）。 A．增加 B．下降 C．不变 D．难以确定 【答案】A ???? 【解析】由麦克斯韦关系式知（S/V）T＝（p/T）v＝f（V）＝p/T＞0。 2．已知下列两反应所对应电池的标准电动势 则两个的关系为（）。 【答案】B 【解析】电池的标准电动势与反应方程的系数无关。 3．一个纯物质的膨胀系数α＝（T为绝对温度），则该物质的摩尔恒压热容C p将（）。 A．与体积V无关
C ．与温度T 无关 D ．与V 、P 、T 均有关 【答案】B 【解析】根据 即在等压条件下V 对T 的二阶导数， 所以与P 无关。4．反应CO （g ）＋H 2O （g ）CO 2（g ）＋H 2（g ）在973K 时压力平衡常数K p ＝0.71，若此时各物质分压为P CO ＝100kPa ，＝50kPa ，＝＝10kPa ，则 2H O p 2CO p 2H p （ ）。 A ．反应向右进行 B ．反应向左进行 C ．反应处于化学平衡状态 D ．反应进行的方向难以确定 【答案】A 【解析】计算此时的压力J p ＝＜K p ,，所以反应向右进行直到J p ＝ K p 使10100.0250100?=?得反应达平衡为止。 5．焦耳-汤姆逊系数μJ －T ＝（）H ＝－（）T /（）p ，则对于理想p T/??p H/??T ??H/气体，有μJ －T （ ）。 A ．＞0 B ．＜0
C ．＝0 D ．不能确定 【答案】C 【解析】理想气体中H 是温度T 的单值函数，所以－（）T ＝0，由μJ －T ＝（p H/??）H ＝－（）T /（）p ，得μJ －T ＝0。 p T/??p H/??T ??H/6.－5℃，101.325 kPa 下的过冷水，凝固成同温同压下的冰，则此过程有（ ）。 A ．△G＝0 B ．△S＞0 C ．△S 孤立＞0 D ．△S 孤立＜0 【答案】C 【解析】过冷水是亚稳相，－4℃是它的相转变温度，所以该过程为不可逆过程，△G ＜0，由于转变温度－5℃低于－4℃，所以反应为自发反应，由克劳修斯不等式判据得△S 孤立＞0。 7．杠杆规则适用于二组分相图上的区域为（ ）。 A ．液相区 B ．共晶混合物区 C ．任意两相平衡区 D.仅适用于液-固平衡区 【答案】C
中山大学二OOO年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目: 物理化学；专业: 高分子化学与物理；研究方向: 本专业的各研究方向 I 一. (共30分) 填空与问答题(1): 1.在绝热钢弹中, 发生一个放热的分子数增加的化学反应, 则( )。(2分) (a) Q > 0, W > 0, ?U > 0 (b) Q = 0, W = 0, ?U > 0(c) Q = 0, W = 0, ?U = 0 (d) Q < 0, W > 0, ?U < 0 2. 1 mol单原子理想气体始态为273K, 一个标准大气压, 经下列过程: (a) 恒容升温1K; (b) 恒温压缩至体积的一半; (c) 恒压升温10 K; (d) 绝热可逆压缩至体积的一半。上述四过程中, 终态压力最大的是过程______, 终态压力最小的是过程______, 终态温度最高的是过程______, 终态温度最低的是过程 ______。(2分) 3.实际气体经节流膨胀后，下述哪一组结论是正确的? ( ) (2分) (a) Q < 0, ?H = 0, ?p < 0 (b) Q = 0, ?H = 0, ?T < 0(c) Q = 0, ?H < 0, ?p < 0 (d) Q = 0, ?H = 0, ?p < 0 4.理想气体从状态I经自由膨胀到达状态II, 可用哪个热力学判据来判断该过程的自发性( )。(2分) (a)?F (b) ?G (c)?S (d)?U 5. 分子配分函数的定义为( ), 其适用条件为( )。(2分) 6.热力学函数与分子配分函数的关系式对于定域子体系和离定域子体系都相同的是( )。(2分) (a) G, F, S (b) U, H, S (c) U, H, C v (d) H, G, C v 7.有四种含不同溶质相同浓度m = 1 mol? kg-1的水溶液, 分别测定其沸点, 沸点升得最高的是( )。(2分) (a) Al2(SO4)3(b) MgSO4(c) K2SO4 (d) C6H5SO3H 8. Ca(CO3)2 (s)、BaCO3 (s)、BaO(s)和CO2 (g)构成的多相平衡体系的组分数为______, 相数为______, 自由度数为______。(2分) 9. PCl5(g)分解反应, 在473 K平衡时有48.5%分解, 在573K平衡时有97%分解, 此反应的?r H? ________0。(请填>, < 或=) (2分) m 10.分解反应A(s) = B(g) + 2C(g), 反应平衡常数K?p和离解压p离的关系式为_____ ___ __。(2分) 11. 298K时, 有浓度均为0.001 mol? kg-1的电解质溶液, 其离子平均活度系数?±最大的是( )。(2分) (a) CuSO4 (b) CaCl2 (c) LaCl3 (d) NaCl
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section II Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting 22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because 23.[A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation 24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response 25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else 26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding
2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷) ******************************************************************************************* 招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学 考试科目名称及代码：241 基础英语 考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I Cloze (10 points) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Brazil has __1__ to offer the visitor: 7,300 km of coastline, much of it empty, endless beaches; the planet’s biggest rainforest; an area of wetlands full of alligators and jaguars; colonial cities and spectacular waterfalls. The Bahia coast in north-east Brazil is a particularly attractive area __2__ tourism. Several luxury resorts have been built there. Recently a $170 million five-hotel __3__ at Sauipe opened. With its 18-hole golf __4__ and designer shops, Sauipe is hoping to attract rich, foreign visitors. The tourist industry __5__ problems in the past __6__ high inflation which led to short-term planning. Hotels, __7__, are long-term investments, often with __8__ periods of over 15 years. If resorts such as Sauipe __9__ attract significant numbers of tourists, they have to solve several problems. __10__ a start, Brazil needs cheaper and more frequent international air travel. Brazilian airlines have actually decreased the number of __11__ international flights in the past two years because of a currency __12__. Foreign visitors also demand a level of service __13__ needs lengthy training – a considerable task for most of the resorts in the northeast which do not have a __14__ population to provide suitable staff. The other big challenge for Sauipe’s managers is __15__ the social problems that other new resorts have caused, when large numbers of people have come from the interior in search __16__ jobs, quickly __17__slums. The resort __18__ to deal with these pressures by setting up courses in the surrounding villages for making handicrafts which will__19__at Sauipe and by organizing __20__ for local co-operatives to produce foodstuffs for the hotels. 1. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. somehow 2. A. to B. for C. with D. on 3. A. complexity B. complicated C. complex D. compliment 4. A. course B. court C. pitch D. ground 5. A. has B. have C. having D. had 6. A. due B. because C. for D. because of 7. A. however B. therefore C. because D. while 8. A. pay B. payback C. payoff D. paycheck 1