英语：动词的非谓语形式
【重点难点提示】
一、重点是：
1 .动词不定式
(1)动词不定式的构成为：“to + 动词原形”(有时可不带to)。动词不定式没有人称和数和的变化。
(2)动词不定式既有名词的特性，又有动词的特性，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。它在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
2 .动词ing形式的用法。
3 .动词过去分词的用法。
二、难点是：(1)在有些动词后动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。(2)有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语。(3)有些动词后只能接动词ing形式(即动名词)作宾语。(4)有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但意思不同。
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1 .Bill lives in a place called (call) Gum Tree .
2 .Let him have (have) a good rest .
3 .Li Ping made the baby laugh (laugh) at last .
4 .Miss Gao wants to take (take) these books to the classroom now .
5 .She is ill .So she had better stay (stay) in bed for a few days .
6 .You’d better not look (not ,look) out of the window in class .
7 .It was very nice to play (play) with you .
8 .They wake up their parents , called (call) :“Merry Christmas !”
9 .A lot of good land has gone with them , (leave) only sand .
10 .There was a fire (burn) in the fireplace .
11 .The policeman told the boys (not ,play) football near the road .
12 .Why not (go) to the park with us tomorrow ?
13 .We’re free now .How about (fly) kites ?
14 .We often hear our English teacher (sing) English songs .
15 .One day ,his father saw him (sit) on some eggs .
16 .Mr Wu have watched us (play) basketball for half an hour .
17 .This morning I kept on (think) about the Christmas party this evening .
18 .A lot of English people are good at (boat) .
19 .We’re very thirsty .Let’s stop (drink) some water .
20 .When the two boys saw the teacher ,they stopped (fight) at once .
21 .Kate is a little ill .She doesn’t feel like (eat) anything these days .
22 .In the old days ,the workers were made (work) more than 16 hours a day .
23 .Have you finished (do) your homework yet ?
24 .The heavy snow stopped many people from (go) to work .
25 .Mary found a watch (lie) on the road on her way to school .
26 .Do you like (fish) ?Yes .But I don’t like (fish) now .
27 .Thank you for (lend) it to me .
28 .Jim and his parents enjoy (live) in China very much .
29 .—Do you mind my (smoke) here ?
—Yes ,but I do .
30 .—Would you like (come) to my birthday party this evening ?
—Certainly .I’ll be glad to .
31 .Don’t spend too much time (watch) TV .
32 .The farmers are busy (get) ready for the next year .
33 .We’re going to do some (shop) this Sunday .
34 .—Shall we go (skate) tomorrow ?
—That’s a good idea .
35 .In England ,the first name is the (give) name .
36 .Do you know another way of (say) the word ?
37 . (take) a walk after supper is good for our health .
38 .He quickly got up and went on (run) .
39 .Sorry ,I have a lot of work (do) today .
40 .It’s very kind of you (help) us .
41 .It’s much better (give) than (receive) .
42 .I don’t know what (do) next .
43 .She’ll read a book tonight instead of (see) a film .
44 .England is a (develop) country and India is a (develop) one .
45 .That pot was used for (keep) tea hot after it was made .
46 .I remember (tell) you the story before .
47 .Take the second (turn) on the right .
48 .The boy can’t get (dress) himself .
49 .Don’t forget (lock) the door when you leave .
50 .She’ll try her best (catch) up with the class .
参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .1 .called 2 .have 3 .laugh 4 .to take 5 .stay 6 .not look 7 .to play 8 .calling 9 .leaving 10 .burning 11 .not to play 12 .go 13 .flying 14 .sing 15 .sitting 16 .play 17 .thinking 18 .boating 19 .to drink 20 .fighting 21 .eating 22 .to work 23 .doing 24 .going 25 .lying
26 .fishing ,to fish 27 .lending 28 .living 29 .smoking 30 .to come 31 .watching 32 .getting 33 .skating 34 . skating 35 .given 36 .saying 37 .Taking 38 .running 39 .to do 40 .to help 41 .to give ,to receive 42 .to
do 43 .seeing 44 .developed ,developing 45 .keeping 46 .telling 47 .turning 48 .dressed 49 .to lock 50 .to catch
非谓语动词专项练习题
一、用所给动词适当形式填空：
A . ① I want one magazine ______ . ( read )
② My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )
③ The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )
④ My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )
B . ① What made you ______ so ? ( think )
② The girl was made _____ a man she didn`t love at all . ( marry )
③ The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )
④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )
⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )
⑥ My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )
⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )
C . ① You`d better get your own room _______ . ( clean )
② Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )
③ You should get your friends _______ you . ( help )
④ The lecture got us _______ . ( think )
⑤ Don`t get ________ in the rain . ( catch )
D . ① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal )
② I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )
③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )
④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )
⑤ She was seen ________ here . ( come )
E . ① I like _______ very much . ( swim )
② I don`t like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )
③ He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )
④ I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )
⑤ Would you like ______ with me ? ( go )
F . ① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak )
② I don`t know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak )
③ He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )
G . ① It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn )
② I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )
③ "Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? "asked Mother . ( wash )
④ You`d better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )
⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )
H . ① He doesn`t do anything but _______ all day . ( play )
② We have no choice but _______ . ( obey )
③ I`m thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve )
④ He made an apology for _____ late . ( be )
I . ① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )
② He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )
③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten )
④ The boy was _______ , so I didn`t believe him again . ( disappoint )
J . ① He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter )
② He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see )
K . ① When he heard the news , he couldn`t help ________ with joy . (jump)
② I couldn`t help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )
③ Sorry , I can`t help ______ the housework today . ( do )
L . ①______ enough time , we`ll do it better . ( give )
②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )
③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )
④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )
二、单项选择：（1）
1. Saying always has less difficulty than _____.
A. done
B. doing
C. to do
D. having done
2. The girl is seriously ill. There is _____.
A. nothing to do but send for a doctor
B. something to do but to send for a doctor
C. nothing to do but to send for a doctor
D. anything to do but sending for a doctor
3. The rest of the money _____ to Alice.
A. is to send
B. are to send
C. is to be sent
D. are to be sent
4. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn’t like _____ today.
A. to swim
B. swimming
C. swim
D. to have swim
5. She said she was sorry _____ the train, so she had to stay here for another day.
A. missing
B. having missed
C. to miss
D. to have missed
6. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
A. His being made
B. He has made
C. He had making
D. His making
7. I find the man hard _____.
A. to be pleased
B. pleasing
C. pleased
D. to please
8. You’d better not have the lights _____ all day long.
A. burning
B. burned
C. to burn
D. being burnt
9. It is _____ thinking about it now.
A. of no use
B. not use
C. no use
D. not of any uses
10. —Would you like to sing a song for us?
—_____.
A. I prefer not
B. I prefer not to
C. I prefer to not
D. I wouldn’t prefer
11. He insisted _____ the working site.
A. to be sent to
B. being sent to
C. on being sent to
D. that to be sent to
12. During the next ten years, she had to work hard _____ for the necklace.
A. paying
B. to pay
C. for paying
D. in order to paying
13. Janet was angry at _____.
A. my not waiting for her
B. I didn’t wait for her
C. me not wait for her
D. me to not wait for her
14. I prefer staying at home _____ the theater.
A. to go to
B. for going to
C. to going to
D. rather than go
15. Please get someone _____ the washing machine. I want to get it _____ as soon as possible.
A. to repair/to be repaired
B. repair/repaired
C. to repair/repairing
D. to repair/repaired
16. _____ more time, he could have done the work much better.
A. To be given
B. To give
C. Given
D. Giving
17. The information _____ to us is of great value.
A. brought
B. taken
C. being taken
D. being carried
18. The building _____ next month will be a modern hospital.
A. built
B. being built
C. to be built
D. be built
19. Jessie was sick _____ such noise.
A. of hearing
B. to hear
C. of being heard
D. heard
20. _____, he left the room.
A. Finishing the work
B. Had finished the work
C. After finished the work
D. Having finished the work
21. _____ afraid _____ behind, Bill studied even harder than ever before.
A. To be/of falling
B. Being/fall
C. Being/of falling
D. To be/to fall
22. The machine requires _____, so the workers are required _____ ready.
A. repair/to get
B. repairing/to get
C. repairing/getting
D. to be repaired/getting
23. Everyone dislikes _____.
A. being laughed
B. to be laughed
C. being laughed at
D. to be laughed at
24. Would you like Helen _____ you since you have some difficulty?
A. helping
B. to help
C. has helped
D. help
25. He is beginning _____ his mistakes.
A. correct
B. to correct
C. correcting
D. corrected
26. The Americans can’t use chopsticks _____.
A. to eat
B. to eating
C. eating
D. to eat with
27. My wish is _____ the people well in the future.
A. to serve for
B. to serve
C. serving
D. serving for
28. The poor boy, _____ with extraordinary strength, _____ from the ground.
A. filled/rose
B. filling/rose
C. full/raised
D. filled/risen
29. Most shops are open every day, Sunday _____.
A. including
B. included
C. being included
D. to include
30. _____ hot, he left only his stomach _____ with a piece of cloth.
A. Feeling/covering
B. Feeling/covered
C. Felt/covered
D. Felt/covering
31. He advised _____ a meeting _____ the problem.
A. holding/to discuss
B. holding/for discussing
C. to hold/to discuss
D. hold/discussing
32. _____ the teacher, and he will tell you the answer.
A. Asking
B. Ask
C. If ask
D. If you ask
33. The thief entered the room without _____.
A. noticing
B. being noticed
C. having noticed
D. having been noticed
34. I happened _____ the story when she told me about it.
A. having heard of
B. to have heard of
C. to be heard of
D. to hear of
35. He is said _____ abroad already.
A. having sent
B. to be sending
C. to have been sent
D. being sent
36. He was made _____ working because of his poor health.
A. stopping
B. to stop
C. stopped
D. stop
37. Do you consider it any good _____ again?
A. to try
B. try
C. trying
D. for you to try
38. I regret _____ you that we are unable to offer you a job.
A. informing
B. having informed
C. to inform
D. to informing
39. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
40. She admitted _____ the key.
A. being taking
B. to take
C. having taken
D. to have taken
41. Besides _____, she is kind and tender.
A. beautiful
B. being beautiful
C. she beautiful
D. is beautiful
42. I don’t want to speak to you, but I _____.
A. have to speak
B. have to
C. must speak
D. must
43. I wondered whether the movie was _____ worth _____.
A. very/seeing
B. well/being seen
C. very/being seen
D. well/seeing
44. The lecturer began by _____ us where the island was, and went on _____ about its history.
A. telling/talking
B. to tell/to talk
C. telling/to talk
D. he told/talking
45. After seeing the movie, _____.
A. the book was read by him
B. the book made him want to read it
C. he wanted to read the book
D. the reading of the book interested him
46. —Why doesn’t he take notes?
—He has no pen _____. He seems _____ it.
A. to write/to forget bringing
B. to write with/to forget to bring
C. to use with/to have forgotten to bring
D. to write with/to have forgotten to bring
47. When _____, water can be changed into vapor.
A. heated
B. being heated
C. having been heated
D. to heat
48. Having finished the work, _____.
A. it was almost six o’clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had already been prepared
D. we had a rest and then had supper
49. _____, she felt quite shy at the party.
A. As she a stranger
B. Being a stranger
C. According to a stranger
D. She was a stranger
50. Flank went to the swimming pool _____ swimming.
A. to go
B. gone
C. going
D. go
51. The _____ girl sat in the corner, crying.
A. frighten
B. frightened
C. frightening
D. fright
52. On a _____ morning the little match girl was found _____ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing/freezing
B. freezing/frozen
C. frozen/frozen
D. frozen/freezing
53. They found a _____ old man _____ on the ground when the door was broken open.
A. dying/lying
B. dying/lied
C. dead/lied
D. dead/lain
54. Be quick, or you’ll get _____ in the rain.
A. to be caught
B. catching
C. to catch
D. caught
55. Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Jane _____ such a thing!
A. doing
B. to do
C. will do
D. does
56. He told me not to leave the pot _____.
A. uncovered
B. to uncover
C. to be uncovered
D. uncovering
57. The experience made him _____ the study of science.
A. interest in
B. to interest in
C. interesting in
D. interested in
58. He managed to make himself _____ with his _____ English.
A. understood/breaking
B. understood/broken
C. understand/breaking
D. understand/broken
59. Did you hear the sound like that of a door _____?
A. burst
B. to burst in
C. burst in
D. to be burst in
60. I was deep in thought, so I didn’t notice _____.
A. him to come in
B. him come in
C. he come in
D. him coming in
61. Have you any objection to _____ there on foot?
A. be going
B. going
C. go
D. went
62. The wallet was returned to him without anything _____.
A. missed
B. to be missed
C. missing
D. to miss
63. The teacher was far from _____ with the result of the exam.
A. satisfy
B. satisfied
C. being satisfied
D. satisfying
64. Hurry up! Mother is sure _____ us at home.
A. waiting
B. to wait for
C. to be waiting
D. to be waiting for
65. Mr Brown is said _____ a new novel.
A. to writing
B. to have been written
C. to be written
D. to have written
66. When _____ into a warm room, the ice soon changed to water.
A. to take
B. to be taken
C. taking
D. taken
67. The old man walked in the street _____.
A. followed his son
B. and following his son
C. and followed by his son
D. followed by his son
68. _____ with fear, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _____ his tail to the rain.
A. Trembling/exposing
B. Trembled/exposed
C. Trembled/exposing
D. Trembling/exposed
69. The two farmers _____ what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to hand in his map.
A. carried
B. were carrying
C. carrying
D. had carried
70. Six _____ nine makes fifteen.
A. added to
B. adds to
C. added up to
D. added by
71. The lecturer _____ will be here tomorrow.
A. to talk about so much
B. to be talking about so much
C. so much talking about
D. so much talked about
72. _____ some of the questions _____, the Premier said goodbye to us.
A. Left/unanswered
B. Leaving/unanswered
C. Leaving/unanswer
D. Left/unanswer
73. _____ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When heard
D. When she heard
74. _____ in white, she looks much more beautiful.
A. Wearing
B. Dressing
C. Dressed
D. Having dressed
75. _____, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key had lost
B. The key being lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
76. The Arctic is considered _____ the northern part of the Atlantic.
A. having been
B. to have been
C. to be
D. being
77. It is impossible for the work _____ within a month.
A. finishing
B. being finishing
C. to finish
D. to be finished
78. I am too glad _____ you.
A. to see
B. seeing
C. saw
D. at seeing
79. There is _____ what the weather will be like.
A. not knowing
B. no knowing
C. not know
D. no known
80. The bottle _____ the poison was sent to the laboratory for a test.
A. containing
B. contained
C. which containing
D. which is contained
81. _____ the children, we are all sure everything will be all right.
A. With him taken care of
B. With he taken care of
C. With him taking care of
D. With he taking care of
82. At first she wanted to go to the cinema, but on second thoughts she decided it would be better _____ at home and _____.
A. stay/work
B. to stay/to work
C. stay/to work
D. to stay/work
83. He didn’t speak to me, let alone _____ me.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped
84. The people’s government does its best to have the living standard of the people _____.
A. risen
B. raised
C. rise
D. raise
85. The little girl found her teddy bear _____ under the bed.
A. hiding
B. to hide
C. hide
D. hidden
86. Mr Smith is _____ to our English evening.
A. more pleased than to come
B. more pleased to come than
C. more than pleased to come
D. more pleasing than to come
87. Once _____, a bad habit is rather difficult to get rid of.
A. formed
B. to be formed
C. forming
D. having formed
88. You can have no idea what is _____ to do when you come to see the strange boss.
A. ordering
B. being ordered
C. to order
D. to be ordered
89. The noise of the door _____ the baby.
A. closing waken
B. to close woke
C. closed wake
D. being closed woke
90. Please leave a window _____, for it’s too hot.
A. open
B. opening
C. to open
D. opened
91. _____ not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
A. Hope
B. Decide
C. Imagine
D. Think
92. He asked to be kept _____ about developments.
A. informing
B. informed
C. to inform
D. inform
93. _____ everywhere, the wolves had nowhere _____ themselves.
A. Hunting/to hide
B. To hunt/to hide
C. Hunted/hiding
D. Hunted/to hide
94. It _____ this way.
A. used to do
B. used to be done
C. is used to doing
D. is using to do
95. They have a lot of difficulty _____.
A. in overcoming
B. to overcome it
C. to overcome
D. to be overcome
96. Didn’t you forget us _____ together in the countryside?
A. to work
B. to working
C. working
D. worked
97. You always hear about planes _____ because of technical faults.
A. having been delayed
B. being delayed
C. having delayed
D. delaying
98. These are needed for _____ clothes, paper and other necessaries.
A. the making of
B. making of
C. to make
D. makings
99. Have the police caught _____ yet?
A. the prisoner who escapes
B. the escaping prisoner
C. the escaped prisoner
D. the prisoner have escaped
100. Do you still remember _____ you when you stayed in hospital?
A. my mother and me visiting
B. my mother’s and my visiting
C. my mother and me to visit
D. my mother and me to have visited
三、单项选择（2）
1. There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
A. was
B. being
C. were
D. had been
2. The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.
A. found
B. find
C. finding
D. to find
3. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
A. closing; trembling
B. closed; trembling
C. closed; trembled
D. closing; trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.
A. Stick in hand
B. With a stick in her hand
C. Sticks in hand
D. Sticks in hands
5. Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope
B. hoping
C. so that
D. and
6. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing
B. heard
C. hear
D. to hear
7. We should prevent pollution ______ happily.
A. from living
B. living
C. to living
D. to live
8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.
A. repair
B. to have repaired
C. repairing
D. fixing
9. Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.
A. to win
B. winning
C. to winning
D. to be won
10. The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.
A. turning
B. to turn
C. to be turned
D. turned
11. ----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?
----Last week.
A. to paint
B. painted
C. painting
D. to be painted
12. He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.
A. to swim; to swim
B. swimming; swimming
C. to swim; swimming
D. swimming; to swim
13. There is ______ what the weather will be like.
A. not knowing
B. no knowing
C. not know
D. no known
14. The novel is said ______ into many languages.
A. to translate
B. being translated
C. to have been translated
D. having been translated
15. I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correcting
B. to correct
C. corrected
D. correct
16. They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
17. He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.
A. teaching
B. to teach
C. teach
D. for teaching
18. ----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. did
19. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing
B. to hear
C. heard
D. hear
20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.
A. Entering
B. Having entered
C. He entered
D. Mrs Green entering
21. They set out ______ for the ______ boy.
A. searching; losing
B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost
D. to search; missed
22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When hearing
D. When she heard
23. They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.
A. found
B. to find
C. find
D. finding
24. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No. You can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing
B. to be typed
C. typed
D. to type
25. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed
B. on informing
C. informed
D. informing
26. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.
A. to settle
B. settling
C. settled
D. being settled
27. Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A. teaching
B. teach
C. who teaches
D. who teaching
28. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
29. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
A. their not being able
B. their being not able
C. them not able
D. them being able not
30. They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
31. ______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.
A. Being exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Exposed
D. After being exposed
32. China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.
A. having realized
B. realized
C. realizing
D. to realize
33. Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
A. filling; having hidden
B. filled; hidden
C. filling; hidden
D. filled; hiding
34. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
A. their not being able
B. their being not able
C. them not able
D. them being able not
35. Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?
A. to spend
B. spend
C. spending
D. spent
36. ----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?
----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. locked
D. being locked
37. I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
A. informing
B. having informed
C. to have been informed
D. to inform
38. He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.
A. noticing
B. noticed
C. to notice
D. being noticed
39. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
40. He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.
A. as to be heard
B. to be heard
C. as to hear
D. to hear
41. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.
A. having
B. to have
C. to have had
D. having had
42. The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.
A. being carried out; to complete
B. carried out; to be completed
C. to be carried out; to complete
D. to be carried out; to be completed
43. The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. because
44. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.
A. make
B. be making
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
-高中英语语法强化训练(非谓语动词) ( )1.European football is played in 80 countries ,______it the most popular sport in the world A. making B, makes C. made D to make ( )2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year . A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ( )3.The purpose of new technologies in to make life easier, _______it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make ( )4.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the doctor ______,Sorry to miss you; will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading ( )5.I’v worked with children before ,so I know what ______in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects ( )6.Acomputer does only what thinking people _______. A. have it to B. nave it done C. have done it D. having it done ( )7.What worried the child most was ____to visit his mother in the hospital . A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed ( ) 8.Cleanig woman in big cities usually get ______by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay ( )9.They are not very good, but we like_______. A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball anyway ( )10 He sent me an e-mail ,_______to get further information. A. hoped B hoping C. to hope D. hope ( )11._____is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being rounded B it was founded C. Founded D. Founding ( )12,The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. A. Missing, playing B. missing, play
初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数
形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数
必备英语非谓语动词难点、易错点 一、动词被动语态 1． The 31st Olympic Games _______ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in 2016. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：第31届奥运会将于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。举办奥运会，The 31st Olympic Games在句中作主语，用被动语态。2016年将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态。故选C。 2．— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。——你知道他们每天都被辛勤工作的清洁工打扫。A一般现在时主动语态，B一般现在时被动语态，C现在进行时，D一般将来时，根据by the hard-working cleaners every day，可知是一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 【点评】考查时态和语态，注意一般现在时被动语态的用法。 3．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised C. will be raised D. has been raised 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。ago 多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态;主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。
（英语）英语非谓语动词专项习题及答案解析 一、非谓语动词 1．My little brother didn't go to bed until he finished his homework last night. A. do B. doing C. to do 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：昨天晚上我弟弟直到完成作业才睡觉。finish doing sth完成做某事，故答案为B。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握固定搭配。 2．—Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering _________ his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——Jack很久没有上钢琴课了。——他在考虑放弃钢琴课，把更多的时间花在学习上。consider doing sth考虑做某事。drop放弃；丢掉；throw扔掉。故选C。 【点评】考查动名词和动词辨析。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某人做某事”。故答案为B。 5．—What does the sign mean? —It tells us ____________ in public.
英语非谓语动词练习题及答案 一、非谓语动词 1．Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：游泳是危险的。题目中的 tell（告诉）是谓语，句子在连接第二个动词时，需要用 to 来连接，将其非谓语化，既不定式：to +动词原形。可以排除 A 和 D。所以可以推断出老师是告诉我们不要去游泳。因此选择不定式的否定形式，故答案为B。【点评】考查动词不定式，熟记固定搭配。 2．—Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering _________ his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——Jack很久没有上钢琴课了。——他在考虑放弃钢琴课，把更多的时间花在学习上。consider doing sth考虑做某事。drop放弃；丢掉；throw扔掉。故选C。 【点评】考查动名词和动词辨析。 3．My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us . A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥是应该幽默的年轻人，他经常讲笑话让我们笑。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式，应该是动词原形，故选B。 【点评】考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事。 4．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 5．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
中考英语非谓语动词专项讲解与训练 非谓语动词一 (动词不定式） 1. 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如： My mother decided not to have a trip to Yunnan with me. 我妈妈决定不和我去云南旅游了。 2.不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, how, where，when连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如： Could you tell me how to operate this machine? 你能告诉我怎样操作这台机器吗？ 3.动词不定式的句型或结构考查 ① It＋be＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“某人能做某事真是太……了”。
此句型中的形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如：good，kind，nice，wise，clever，foolish，right，wrong，careful，careless等。如： It's very wise of you to do it ahead of time. 你提前做了那件事真是太明智了。 .② It＋be＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“对……来说做某事真是太……了”。 这些形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。如：easy，hard，difficult，important，necessary，impossible，interesting等。如： It's necessary for us to take a map when traveling. 对我们来说，旅行的时候带一张地图是有必要的。 ③ too...to do结构, in order to do 结构enough to do结构 too...to结构意为“太……而不能”，enough to结构意为“足够……以至于能……”。如： The water is too hot to drink. 水太烫了不能喝。In order to do 为了-- .④主语＋think/find/feel/ believe/consider等＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.＋其他，意为“某人认为/发现做某事……”。如： I think it easy to finish the paper in three hours. 我认为三个小时完成这篇文章是很简单的 非谓语动词二 (动名词） ① 有些动词或词组后常跟动名词作宾语，常见的有： finish(完成)，practice(实践)，worth(值得)，be busy doing （忙于），keep(继续)，be used to(习惯于)，give up(放弃)，consider(考虑)，can't help(忍不住；情不自禁), feel like(想要), miss(错过)，imagine(想象)，mind(介意)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(喜欢；享受)，have fun(玩得开心)，look forward to(期待)suggest (建议） 巧思妙记 完成实践值得忙；
非谓语动词专练 1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving 2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written 3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing 4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing 5.When passing me he pretended ______ me. A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen 6.The children insisted ______ there on foot. A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going 7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young. A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken 8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left. A.Arriving at;to find https://www.doczj.com/doc/1510833731.html,ing to;discovering that C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out 9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park. A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led 10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful. A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen 11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET) A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail 12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.(MET) A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing 14.While shopping,people sometimes can t help ______ into buying something they don t really need. A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET) A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ . https://www.doczj.com/doc/1510833731.html,e;permitted https://www.doczj.com/doc/1510833731.html,ing;permitted https://www.doczj.com/doc/1510833731.html,img;being permitted D.to come;being permitted 17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then. A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding
复习专题非谓语动词难点汇总 一、非谓语动词 1．—What should I do, doctor? —_____ healthy, you should do more exercise. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To be kept 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——我应该做什么，医生？——为了保持健康，你应该多锻炼。keep healthy，保持健康，固定搭配，排除D。多锻炼的目的是保持健康，所以用to do不定式表目的，故选C。 【点评】考查to do不定式表目的，注意平时识记其用法，理解句意。 2．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该做我们能做的事提高我们的英语。句子主语是we, 谓语是should do,宾语是what we can,后边的部分作目的状语，用不定式形式，故选C。 5．It was raining. My father asked me _______ a raincoat. A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：正下雨。我父亲要我带上雨衣。根据关键词 asked me，再结合选项，可判断出此处考查的是 ask sb. to do sth.的用法，故答案选 D。 【点评】考查固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.。
初中英语非谓语动词专项练习题 1、____ some students, the teacher entered the hall、 A、 Following B、 Followed C、 Being followed D、 Having followed 2、____, and he had to go back home、 A、 Day having broken B、 Night had fallen C、 The day had broken D、 Night fallen 3、Hearing his father was seriously ill, ____、 A、 he burst into tears B、 his eyes were filled with tears C、 his face lost its color D、 tears came to his eyes 4、He did all this to make her ____, so she was very angry with him、 A、 laughed B、 a good man C、 laughing
5、Entering the house, I found Jane ____ at the desk and ____ something、 A、 seat; write B、 sitting; writing C、 seating; writing D、 seated; to write 6、____ so many people in the hall, I had to push my way to the front、 A、 Being B、 There were C、 There being D、 As being 7、--- What would you like for breakfast?--- I don’t feel like ____、 A、 to eat something B、 eating anything C、 to eat anything D、 eating nothing 8、He got out of the car, ____ to the nearest house and telephoned his friend for help、 A、 walked
英语非谓语动词练习题含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。 2．Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____. A．hurt B．spoiled C．damaged D．harmed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词辨析：句意：过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏。spoil作为动词有“宠坏，溺爱”的意思，这里用动词的过去分词作形容词。hurt指对身体或感情上的伤害；damaged指被毁坏或破坏（好像多指物）；harmed指被损害，被伤害，被危害。选B。 考点：考查动词辨析 3．New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th. A．coming, ranks B．come, ranked C．comes, ranking D．coming, ranking 【答案】D 【解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：2月4日的一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之都。2014年全球语言监测机构(GLM)排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。Come和Pair是主动关系用动词ing形式，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用动词ing形式，故选D。 4．_______ the classroom for a whole afternoon, the monitor decided to have a rest. A．Having cleaned B．To clean C．Cleaned D．Clean 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：整个下午打扫了教室之后，班长决定休息一下。句中clean的动作比decided早，故用完成时；the monitor和clean是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故此处用动词-ing形式的完成时，故选A。 5． the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A．Find B．Finding C．To find D．Found
初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。