英汉颜色词的翻译
On English Color Words and Their Translation into Chinese
班级：04级外语学院2班
姓名：谢彦仁
学号：2004141060
英汉颜色词的翻译
摘要
英汉颜色词是英汉词汇中的一笔财富，它们是色彩与英语语言的结合，既反映了人类对色彩的感知，又体现了英语的独特性。由于文化内容、文化传统和文化心理的差异，很多英汉颜色词的文化内涵差异较大，这些特定的文化内涵意义是不同民族在不同的环境下铸就而成的，英汉颜色词在两种语言中的意义就有相同和相似之处，也存在很多差异。在分析差异产生的原因上，提出了克服差异所产生的障碍，对顺利进行跨文化交际和英汉双语翻译有一定的指导意义。本文对照分析了相当数量的颜色词的翻译实例，总结了译法，阐述了深刻了解颜色词的文化内涵在翻译实践中的重要性，强调在学习英语的过程中了解不同颜色词在英汉两种语言中的文化背景，风格习惯和历史地理背景，旨在促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。
关键词：颜色词习惯用法翻译
Abstract
English color words are the treasures of English vocabulary,and they are the connection between colors but also embodying English peculiarities.Because of different cultural issues,Cultural and culture psychology.The cultural connotations of the English and Chinese color words differ greatly.As a result these particular cultured connotation meanings are cast under different environments by different nationalities.There are a lot of similarities and differences on the
meaning between English and Chinese color words.In analyzing the reason why the overcoming the obstacle resulted from the difference,uhich has certain directive significance in smoothly carrying on cross-cultures communiction and English Chinese bilingual translation.This paper contrasts the translation embodiment to analyze a considerable amount of color words,which has summarized the law of reanslating and explained the importance of deeply understanding of cultural connotation abort color words in translating practice while in dealing with the process of studying English,We should be appropriate to understand different culture backgrounds folkwenls.wstoms, geographical backgrounds and history in both English and Chinese languages,Aiming at promoting the harmony of cross-cultural communication
Key words,color words.habitual wsage.translation
1.introduction
“Color is a kind of visable quality that objects have,produced by rays of light of different wave lengths being reflected by them”(Oxford 267).It could be found in every corner of human https://www.doczj.com/doc/1610731987.html,nguage is the symbol systems of more than one kind of levels.In the field of human linguistics,the vocabulary is one of the most direct and concrete factors reflecting the whole nation’s lives.Every word records people’understanding of objective world.As a group of special vocabulary
colonies,the color word’s is no execption directly or indirectly bearing the weight of various and colorful connotation of varied nationalities and containing strong national traditions,social local conditions and customs, aesthetics temperament and interest.This paper illustrates a large number of examples and comparatively anulyzes the original meaning of the color words in two different cultures.It fetches illustrations and employs the linguistic context to analyze the literal meaning and culture meaning of the color words in both English and Chinese languages,aiming at confirming the suitable translating method and accurately transmitting information.
2.The definition of color words
Color words,in whatever languages,are words used for describing the colors of different kinds of things.The physiological response that the color cause as human vision has some characteristics in common. Research of scientist indicates that,except color blindness,the visual system of mankind from the perpective of physiological aspect is without any different.Different nationalities have no difference in color esthesia or in the ability to correctly distinguish color.The statistics show that there are more than7million kinds of colors that can be recognized in nature.However,the color names in the language are very limited because there are only dozens of color expressed in single-morpheme word.Besides indicating their specific colors,such as red,yellow,white,
black,blue,green,grey,pink and orange and so on.A number of color words are expressed by adding modifiers,for instance,crimson,pale red apple green and so on.
The classification of color words
On account of natural true quality,the classification of English and Chinese color words and the meaning of words are unanimous on the whole.According to a scientific research,it is undeniable that except color blindness there isn’t any difference in perceiving or telling different culture show no difference in perceiving or telling different.After studying no less than one hundred languages,some scholars make a conclusion that any kind of language existing in the world has a certain amount of color words.Yet,the appellations of color in the language are limited in terms of few basic color words.In consequence,the majority of colors are formed by adding modifiers to basic words,such as apple green,grey blue,deep blue and so on.
Linguists Berlin and Kay(1969),who have studied color words for several years,put forward a theory that are eleven basic color words in the world:black,white,red,yellow,green,blue,brown and purple and so on.Meanwhile,there are also a great number of secondary color words, such as golden,silver,ruby,indigo,rosy,beige,fawn,ochre and so on. The quantity of basic color words also reflects the developing stage of the language.There are only two color words in some language in Africa,
which indicates that their languages are still at primary stage.At the same time,linguistic groups divide English and Chinese color words into three classifications:basic color words;color words with color of objects;color words in shades.Though some similarities exist when words are used in English and Chinese,there are difference due to both the language and the cultural factors such as history,culture,customs,and traditions.
The structures of color words
Nature is a colorful world,in which every material objects have their own special colors different from others.During the process of human’s recognizing nature,they offen decide and recognize the materials with the help of their colors at first,which makes colors become the important peculiarities of materials.Color words are active in both English and Chinese languages,so the structures of color words are various,full of similarities and dissimilarities.
The structure of similar color words
(ⅰ)Degree adjective＋color
e．g．English：deep blue，dark brown，dull white，bright red，light yellow etc。
Chinese:深红、纯白、浅灰、鲜红、淡绿等。
(i)Color words＋color words
e．g．English：greenish yellow,purplish red,grey blue etc.
Chinese:紫红、粉红、绛紫等。
The structure of dissimilar color words
(i)Chinese:
实物词/颜色词+词素“色”，e.g.泥色、土色、墨色、银色、枣红色等。实物词+颜色词，e.g.橘红、宝石蓝、芭蕉绿、石榴红、孔雀蓝等。(ii)English:
Colors of objects e.g.claret(紫红色，原指一种葡萄酒)，ruby(红宝石色，原指一种红宝石)，violet(紫罗兰花)，cherry(樱桃红)，emerald(祖母绿)，jade(翡翠色)etc.
3.Translation from English color words into Chinese
Language is the cultural carrier.Color words are cultural-limited words that reflect cultural connotation and characteristic of a nation or a society.It is very difficult to completely transmit the original existing information to another kind of language during translation activities, which consequently increases the difficulties in color words translation. For the same objective phenomenon,language of different nations attach different colors to it.In other words,different language use different color words to describe the same phenomenon,which hinders us from translating English and Chinese color words properly.Color words mirror different cultural connotation and traditions in different ways.For example,Chinese girls like wearing red dresser on their wedding days. Red stands for happiness and good luck while in some western countries like America,girls are wearing white bridal-dresses appearing in churches.
White is the symbol of purity and truth[1].Therefore,English and Chinese color words,one cannot take the word literally but to fully understands and connotations.
The cultural connotation of English and Chinese color words Changes in the meaning of color words are by the culture,of which the substantial content is in the turn reflected by the cultural meaning.Many English and Chinese color words differ in meaning owing to different cultural content,tradation,psychology,and the cultural connotation differences are likely to cause error in comprehension and expression.Because of the spread of the modern science and technology and exchange of ideology and culture that different national languages still have a different view of the color.Color exists objectively in the nature,that is to say,it is unchanged in view different language correspond in vocabularies.As Shakespeare said,“Arose by any other name would smell as sweet.”(玫瑰花即使换了一个名称仍旧如此芬芳). No matter it is“红”、“黄”、“绿”、“蓝”、“白”、“黑”、“紫”in Chinese;or “red”,“yellow”,“green”,“blue”,“black”,“purple”in English.After all, the mankind lives in the same material world and shares common existence law and natural environment,so English and Chinese color intension meaning of words have the same connotations.While we are in dealing with the translation of color words,a thorough understanding of the cultural connotation should be emphasized.Now the following are
quite a few idiomatic usages and examples with Chinese transations of some color words given for reference.
Red
There are more or less forty words indicating color“red”in Chinese,like“大红”、“火红”、“血红”、“米红”、“粉红”、“玫瑰红”、“枣红”etc.Which no less than twenty words begin with letter“c”,such as crimson,cordovan,claret,carmine,carnation,copper red and so on.Despite abundant Chinese vocabulary,we can hardly find so many corresponding color words as in English to figure the color of red or pink.
No matter in China or western countries,“red”comparatively has something relevant to celebrating.“Red”in western culture is not so popularly welcomed as in China,but it still reveals happiness and luck on some special occasions.For instance,paint the town red(狂欢痛饮)，to rull out the red carpet for somebody(红地毯隆重欢迎某人)，a red-carpet reception(隆重接待某人)，a red letter day(喜庆的日子)[2]etc.Generally speaking,red letter days mean Christmas Day or some western countries are specially marked in red on the calendar[3].
Red is often used to deliver oneself of his feelings.In English the phrase“become red-faced”or“her face turn red”,to come extent,equal Chinese“脸红”，demonstrating blush and embarrassment.How to translate Chinese“你红光满面”into English properly?If we transfer it according to denotation meaning into“you face is red”,it goes too far
away from the subject.Instead,the translating of same way,“他俩从未红脸”should be“There has never been a cross-word between the two of them.”Chinese“红”and English“red”are not absolute the same,such as “红人”a favorite with somebody in power;“红利”bonus,extea dividend,“红茶”black tea;“红光满面”one’s face glowing with health;“红糖”brown sugar;We cannot call“红人”red man,“红茶”red tea,or“红榜”red roll[4].The following are some other English idioms with red which we should be aware of in translation:see red(发怒)，paint it red(把事物弄得引人注目)，in the red(亏本)，beautiful woman suffer unhappy fate(红颜薄命)etc.
Yellow
In Chinese,“yellow”originally represents the colors of the soil.In book《说文》：“Yellow,is the color of the earth.”In Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language,yellow is explained as the color of gold,butter of ripe lemon(金子、黄油或成熟的柠檬的颜色)。The Yellow Highlands(黄土高原)，lying by the Yellow Riverside,is one of the most important cradlelands of the Chinese people and from which the Chinese ancient culture came into being.The ancient Chinese people mainly depended on the land to live and breed from generations to generations. Chinese and English countries use different colors to express“power and honor”.In China,“yellow”is an bonorable color.It is always connected with“honor”and“glory”,and it is the symbol of“power”and“lofty”.
There are many such words as“Huangpao(黄袍)”，Huangmen(黄门)”in Chinese language.In the ancient,the emperor in China always dressed in yellow.“Yellow”is the symbol of the“emperor”,and other people were forbidden to wear yellow clothes.That is why,up to now,Chinese people always call themselves“Yanhuangzisun(炎黄子孙)”。But in English-Speaking countries,it is“purple”not“yellow”that is usually associated with“high rank”or“imperial”or“power”in particularly.Meanwhile,many of the roofs such as the Imperial Palace,Shrines and royal buildings chose yellow color for decorations.
Yellow is generally related to something pornographic in Chinese, such as“黄色电影”，“黄色书刊”。If we turn these phrases into yellow movies,yellows book and yellow music,it will be strange because to English speakers“yellow”has nothing to do with filthy at all.We can use pronographic,decadent,trashy,or vulgar for Chinese“黄”.Thereby,“黄色电影”in English we can say pronographic pictures,blue movies;“黄色书刊”filthy books,pronographic books.
However,the saying of“Yellow Press”originated in America.In 19th century,two American capitalists Huster and Plyzz contested against eath each other in publishing a sort of low-class book called‘Yellow Kids’,which led to the development of Yellow Press.Thereafter, newspapers with news about sentional scandals,murders or crimes are uniformly called Yellow Press[6].“Yellow journalism”refers to the
unscrupulous exaggeration for the sake of canvassing or affecting readers. Such journalists either give prominence to social scandals,or make an outrageous distortion of the truth to facbricate stirs.“Yellowbook”means yellow-covered cheap novels in19th century.International quarantine adopts yellow-covered immune record s—“Yellow Book”(黄皮书), yet it has nothing to do with“filthy”[7].Many America stores and families have thick“Yellow pagess”(黄色电话查号薄),which are printed basically with yellow paper and known as Yellow Paper.“Yellow Union”(黄色工会)indicates Unions under scabs’(工贼)control.In Monteceau-Les-Mines(蒙索明市，a city in France),1887,an industrialist suborned a dummy union for preventing striking.It was said that workers broke the windows of the unions’and the capitalist rsed yellow paper for making-up,so the union was called“Yellow Union”.In modern China and capital and controlled by the scabs.
3.2Translating methods of English and Chinese color words
As to objective phenomenon equally,different colors in different national language are“brushed”differently,in other words,different languages express the same phenomenon with different colors.This is the greatest difficult problem we have met when interpreters translate English and Chinese color words.Because of the different cultural intension and using habits that color words reflect,it is very difficult to accomplish the “totally reciprocal”and corresponding ones while translating color words.
Two languages will use the completely different color word while expressing the same kind of concepts on some occasions.For instance, Chinese“眼红”cannot be translated into English as“red-eyed”but “green-eyed”,and English“white smith”means“银匠”in Chinese,not “白匠”。
Narrowly-defined researches on languages and classical methods in translations have been isolatedly studying the vocabulary all the time, while generalized translation concentrates on the importance of linguistic context,csene and culture[8].As a result,we must guard against translating the color word with the color or machinery translating,and find out about its cultural backgrounds and connotation meaning correctly. Moreover,we shoukd ruy our best to find in the expression way with corresponding structure of top layer and deep structure as much as possible.
3.2.1Translation on colors with basically corresponding words
The English and Chinese color words are basically corresponded to each other.Owing to the compatibility of livingin the same material world and the commonality of human thinking,there are great overlappings in two languages from perspecitve of color words.Some color words express the same original idea and implied meaning.This kind of words can adopt literal translation.For instance,while house白宫，green grass青草，white lead白色恐怖etc.Similar sentence
examples are as following with Chinese for reference.
(i)English-Chinese
[1]The uniforms were no longer of grey cloth but were grass green through-out,as delicately and attractively colored as the fields.
服装不在是灰色的，一律是草绿色的，和春天田野里的色彩一样，娇嫩美观。
(ii)Chinese-English
[2]红雨随心翻作浪，青山着意化为桥。
Crimson rain swirls in waves under our will,Green mountains turn to bridges at our wish.
Means and way that mankind experiences and realizes the world are close or identical in many aspects,Thus,despite different culture and social backgrounds between China and western countries,there still exist some basically corresponding color words.As long as we correctly understand their real meaning,which will not bring about a great difficulty naturally while translating.
3.2.2Translation on colors with many kinds of corresponding words
Both in Chinese and English language,terms of color make up a group of words that are particularly rich in cultural associations,However; Because Chinese and English countries have different languages, customsand cultures.There is no doubt that Chinese and English people use different color words to refer to the same thing,even the same color
word conveys absolutely different meanings.
More than often,one color word corresponds to many kinds of color word in another kind of language,so we should pay attention to choosing correct corresponding colors when translating them.
3.2.3Translation on colors with misplacing corresponding words
The same object or phenomenon is described in different languages with different colors.Because the difference in region,history, economic,society,national psychology and customs,the same object or phenomenon is often described with different colors separately.Color and culture are closely related,different colors have different expressions in different cultures.Color not only is a part of culture,so while understanding the different uses of colors,we should have a good command over the different cultures of Western-Eastern countries.If we neglect the corresponding translation of the misplacing of English and Chinese color words,the translation will be a deviation,even mistakes.In translating,in comparison with the spirit of criginal text compliance and heavy losses on the point of aesthetic,a few errors on the meaning of corresponding words can be neglected in translation practice[9]. Anthony has assassinated Caesar,emperor of Rome in Brutus here, purple hands should refer to murderer’s stained with both hands of the blooding,if translated into“purple hands”it does not probably conform to the original meaning here.Let’s come to see Mr.Zhu ShengHao’s
translation to the lines above again:
我请求你们，要是你们对我怀着敌视，
趁现在你们血染的手还在发出热气，
赶快执行你们的旨意吧。（朱生豪，1991：225）
It is not difficult to find out that Mr.Zhu ShengHao’s translation is comparatively more faithful to the original text.Therefore of we incompletely pay attention to color word phenomenon,it may result in deviating from the standard“faith”translation,even producing mistranslating.
As social culture has nothing in common with other,it is far from each other to name the same thing.“河”in Chinese is different from “Way”in English,so when people meaning the same kind of colors,Chinese usually express with“silver”and English say with“milk”habitual.“Silver”is the main currency in ancient times of China.On account of keeping in touch with it every day and as a result of influence by the surroundings,people describe the color of it very natural.So it it often said,“silvery white”,“ashen”,and sometimes“milky white”, however,it is not so general as the former.Western nations take mike as one of the most important food since ancient times,so it is natural for them to liken color of the Milky Way to milky white.The research of studying in etymology proves that the British one.Because the synonym of“Kilky Way”---“galaxy”is borrowed from Latin language,and
“galaxy”from ancient Greek“galaxies”,among which the root“gala”means“milk”.We should pay special attention to language usages in translation about this kind of color words,otherwise the translation may be difficult to undersand.
3.2.4Defaulting in translation of English and Chinese color words
The color word has nothing to do with the color in another kind of language.Sometimes,color words in one language relate to colors,while in translating into another kind of language to correspond to none color words.For instance,a red letter day(特别高兴日子)，black sheep（害群之马）,to be born in the purple（陶器）,to be born in the purple（出生于帝王显贵之家）[10],gaily dressed young men and women(红男绿女), extremely poplar（红的发紫）etc.While translate according to the literal meaning but to understand their implied meaning and express with other appropriate words.When we translate English color words into Chinese, we must pay attention to their cultural connotations and usuages.
(ⅰ).Basically corresponding
He was dressed in a European-style suit of a pale gray material with pale blue stripes.
他穿着一身浅灰色底子淡蓝色条纹的西装
(ⅱ)changing the images
Every language has its own expressions,and colors are always marked with their own national culture.So we must pay attention
to English and Chinese different color concepts,and respect different usuages.For instance,English“black tea”in Chinese.For example: Her face turned ashy pale,like a corpse.
她的脸色陡然变成了灰黄，死了似的.
(ⅲ)His conduct was believed to be the pink of perfection.
人们相信他的品行十分端庄.
4.Conclusion
English and Chinese the two language have both coincidence and separation while usig color words.Because of the existence of the language and cultural differences,different national language are impossible in the use of the color word to reach unanimity.Moreover, the influence on the meaning of color words by social culture to associations and different nationalities possess the characteristics of distinct national culture to associations and usage of various color words.During using and translating color words,one should pay specil attention to differences between the nationality and social culture and expression methods,enabling the colors to be understood and reaching the tacit understanding in cross-cultural communication.
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最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观 2 中国与日本茶文化的比较 3 网络英语的构词方式 4 翻译中的文化差异 5 从美国梦看美国社会流动机制 6 探析《老人与海》的主题 7 Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter Viewed from the Humanistic Perspective 8 赫尔曼?梅尔维尔《白鲸》中的生态主义解析 9 An Analysis of The Bible’s Influence o n British and American Literature 10 计算机辅助教学在英语教学中的作用 11 An Analysis of Main Characters in Wuthering Heights 12 论《英国病人》中角色的自我认知 13 个体取向与集体取向对中美商务交流的影响 14 汉英姓氏文化差异 15 探析王尔德童话中的死亡主题 16 运用概念整合理论解读英语幽默理解障碍 17 初中生英语听力理解的障碍因素及对策 18 19 《等待野蛮人》中的寓言式写作手法 20 On Wisdom of Tao in Tao De Jing and the Subjectivity of Translator－－Based upon Translations of Wu（无）and You（有） 21 An Analysis of Translation of Road and Traffic Public Signs 22 象征主义视角下《致海伦》中的意象美 23 A Brief Analysis of Willy Loman’s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman 24 中式英语成因之分析 25 The Use of Symbols in A Farewell to Arms 26 管窥世纪年代以前的朴素社会语言学思想 27 论汉语新词语的英译 28 丁尼生《鹰》与休斯《鹰之栖息》的对比分析 29 A Study on English and Chinese Euphemisms from the Perspective of Cultural Difference 30 寻找真正的自我 31 浅析库尔特?冯尼古特《猫的摇篮》中的黑色幽默 32 广告英语的语言特征 33 On Translation of Symbolism in Pop Songs with a Case Study of Hotel California 34 霍桑的罪恶观在《红字》中的体现 35 面部表情和目视行为的跨文化研究 36 探析《劝导》中安妮的成熟形象 37 工业化进程下人的主体性的追问——梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》 38 论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识 39 从《红字》看霍桑对清教主义的批判与妥协 40 A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs 41 An Analysis of the Transformation of Scarlett’s Personality in Gone with the Wind
浅析文化差异与黑、白两种颜色词翻译 岳阳职业技术学院李蜜 在汉英语言中, 表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词 都很丰富。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里, 自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别, 人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样, 颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。所以, 了解英汉文化的背景知识, 掌握表示颜色的词语在两种语言中的深层含义, 才能进行更好地翻译。一、颜色词的象征意义及社会人文因素 “色彩的象征性是色彩的联想被固定为一种社 会观念时形成的, 这种象征意义是色彩内涵性质的外延, 与该社会的历史、文化等人文因素紧密相连。”影响颜色词象征意义的中西社会人文因素主要在以下几个方面: 1、民俗民情 在中国文化传统中, 颜色的生成具有神秘主义 意味和丰富的文化内涵。与中国的宇宙观和五行学说密切相关。如对红色的崇拜来源于对日神的崇拜, 对白色的禁忌源于对月神崇拜。 西方人则不同, 他们个性意识发达, 具有悲剧性 的崇高审美观, 因而没有那些五花八门的迷信。对
于他们来说只有black( 黑) 和white( 白) 两色才真正具有某些代表意义, 前者代表庄严肃穆, 后者代表清白素雅, 真正具有民俗文化色彩和内涵。 2、宗教信仰 颜色词的文化象征意义带有明显的宗教色彩。 在中国、印度等佛教国家, 佛教的色彩美学有着丰富的象征寓意,如把恶行引起的果称为“黑”,而把善行所引起的果称为“白”,白色在佛教中是圣洁的象征。因此,体现佛教内容的纹样往往用“白色”来象征菩 提之心。 在中世纪的英国, 颜色在基督教徒们的宗教思 想中扮演了重要的角色, 一些教义甚至明文规定了 不准对颜色词的滥用。如基督的衣服在他初始阶段 也要画成蓝色的, 在复活时却要画成白色的或红色的。这些约定无疑是英语国家人们的宗教想象所决 定的, 因为在基督教中黑色代表着耶稣与黑暗使者 的遭遇, 而红色和白色都代表着神和上帝的本性: 智慧与爱。 3、政治变迁 在不同的政治历史阶段, 不同的社会生活中, 人 们对颜色的熟知、理解和运用不尽相同。在我国几 千年的封建文化里, 位于高贵的颜色如黄、红等在传
颜色词“红”的汉英对比及翻译 （郑州大学河南郑州 450001） 摘要：作为文化中的重要组成部分，颜色词在英汉两语言中被广泛使用，其物理属性对各民族一样，但受不同历史背景、文化传统、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、思维方式、民族心理的影响，两民族对颜色词产生的联想、象征、申义大不相同。本文从颜色词“红”着手，探其文化根源，分析它在英汉语言中体现的文化内涵并提出相应的翻译策略。 关键词：颜色词；红色；文化内涵；翻译 中图分类号：h313 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1006-026x（2012）09-0000-01 abstract： as an important part of culture，color words are widely used in english and chinese.their physical properties arouse same response to all nations，but their associative，symbolic meaning and connotation rendered by english and chinese are quite different due to different historical backgrounds，cultural traditions，customs，religious faith，ways of thinking and national ideology.the paper aims at exploring the cultural sources and connotations reflected by “red” in english and chinese，and proposing relevant translation skills accordingly.
OUTLINE Abstract Key Words I.Introduction 1.1 Definition of Basic Color Terms and Cultural Connotations 1.2 Background of Research on Color Terms 1.2.1 Research on Basic Color Terms in Foreign Countries 1.2.2 Research on Basic Color Terms in China II. Basic Color Terms 2.1 Chinese Basic Color Terms 2.2. English Basic Color Term III. Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese 3.1Black 3.2White 3.3Red 3.4Yellow 3.5Green 3.6Blue 3.7Purple 3.8Gray IV. The Translation of Color Terms 4.1Translation and Culture 4.2Literal Translation 4.3Annotation and Contextual Amplification 4.4Free Translation 4.5Zero Translation V. Conclusion Bibliography 中文标题、摘要、关键词
The Cultural Connotations and the Translation of Color Terms in Chinese and English Author：Number：Tutor： Abstract: We live in a colorful world. There are many color words in the world. Color words have rich cultural connotations. Resulting from different social cultures, historical processes and geographic conditions, English and Chinese color terms reflect the difference in the cultural aspects such as social values, customs, color preference etc. Therefore, it is of significance to have a study on the cultural connotations of basic color terms between English and Chinese. The thesis deals with cultural connotations of basic color words in English and Chinese and introduces several translation methods by several examples. By the contrastive study of cultural connotations of basic color terms between English and Chinese, we can know more about what is going on in people's mind, in their language and culture. Therefore, in translation practice, what is important is to break the cultural barriers and convey the source cultural faithfully and effectively. Keywords: color terms; cultural connotations; translation I. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Basic Color Terms and Cultural Connotations We live in a colorful world. To satisfy our daily necessities, people use a great number of color terms to represent colors. For instance, it is seemed that there are over three thousand color words in English. Moreover, our eyes can be able to distinguish seven million colors, for most of which we do not have any expressions available at all. Generally speaking, the color words in English can be divided into two categories: basic color terms and object color terms. There are so many color terms in English and Chinese that we cannot discuss all of them, thus in this thesis, the discussion will focus on the field of basic color terms. However, it’s difficult to give a accur ate definition to basic color terms. There are many versions of definition to basic color terms, among which the most acceptable is given by Berlin and Kay. In their Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution, Berlin and Kay lay out four basic criteria to judge whether a color word is basic or not.
Table of Contents ⅠIntroduction……………………………………………………………………….. ⅡSocial attributes of Color…………………………………………………………… 2.1 Color and history………………………………………………………………. 2.1.1 Clothing color symbolizes the throne……………………………………… 2.1.2 Construction and Clothing color reflects ranks…………………………… 2.1.3 Clothing colors reflect the professional…………………………………… 2.2 Color and ritual practices……………………………………………………… 2.3 Color and politics……………………………………………………………… 2.4 Color and the economy…………………………………………………………ⅢDifference Implications of Colors 3.1 Red…………………………............................................................................ 3.2 White…………………………………………………………………………. 3.3 Black…………………………………………………………………………. 3.4 Y ellow……………………………………………………………………….. 3.5 Green………………………………………………………………………… 3.6 Blue…………………………………………………………………………. ⅣEnglish translation of basic color words 4.1 Direct translation of color words…………………………………………… 4.2 Changing color words……………………………………………………… 4.3 Abandoning color words…………………………………………………… 4.4 Adding color words………………………………………………………… ⅤConclusion………………………………………………………………………
英汉颜色词的翻译 On English Color Words and Their Translation into Chinese 班级：04级外语学院2班 姓名：谢彦仁 学号：2004141060
英汉颜色词的翻译 摘要 英汉颜色词是英汉词汇中的一笔财富，它们是色彩与英语语言的结合，既反映了人类对色彩的感知，又体现了英语的独特性。由于文化内容、文化传统和文化心理的差异，很多英汉颜色词的文化内涵差异较大，这些特定的文化内涵意义是不同民族在不同的环境下铸就而成的，英汉颜色词在两种语言中的意义就有相同和相似之处，也存在很多差异。在分析差异产生的原因上，提出了克服差异所产生的障碍，对顺利进行跨文化交际和英汉双语翻译有一定的指导意义。本文对照分析了相当数量的颜色词的翻译实例，总结了译法，阐述了深刻了解颜色词的文化内涵在翻译实践中的重要性，强调在学习英语的过程中了解不同颜色词在英汉两种语言中的文化背景，风格习惯和历史地理背景，旨在促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。 关键词：颜色词习惯用法翻译 Abstract English color words are the treasures of English vocabulary,and they are the connection between colors but also embodying English peculiarities.Because of different cultural issues,Cultural and culture psychology.The cultural connotations of the English and Chinese color words differ greatly.As a result these particular cultured connotation meanings are cast under different environments by different nationalities.There are a lot of similarities and differences on the
翻译英汉颜色词的浅析 摘要：众所周知，色彩与人类生活紧密相连，是人类认识世界的一个主要途径。色彩不仅属性广泛，还蕴含其丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义。然而，受到地理环境，历史文化，思维方式，宗教信仰，社会制度及生活习惯方面的影响，不同民族表 达颜色的含义又有所不同，而颜色词也展现出不同民族独特的文化。本文旨在以 颜色词为载体，对影响中英颜色词异同的原因举例进行比较，总结并分析了英语 颜色词翻译的方法。力求能够通过这些合适的翻译方法，将中英颜色词所承载的 信息和社会文化意义真实地呈现以达到交流的目的。 关键词：颜色词；翻译方法；异同点 A Brief Analysis of Translating English and Chinese Color Words Abstract: It is well known that color is closely connected with human life and an main path of human understanding of the world. It not only has a wide range of properties but also contains abundant cultural connotations and extended meaning. However, because of the various geographical environments, historical cultures, ways of thinking, religions, social systems and lifestyles of the nations all over the world, the implications of color words are affected by the diversities as well as show some unique culture. This paper aims to use color words as the carrier to study the factors resulting in similarities and differences between Chinese and English color words, summarizes and analyzes the translation methods of color word. Through these appropriate translation methods, the information and social cultural significance of Chinese and English color words can be truly presented so as to achieve the purpose of communication. Key Words：color words；translation methods；similarities and differences 词汇是语言中最活跃的因素，人类生活在五彩缤纷的世界中，离不开各种语言里的丰富 词汇。在日常生活中，颜色词是人类为了满足表达的需要从生活中提取出来的，并非由语言 学家随意发明。人类所表达的需求越多，则颜色词的意义就越大。颜色词在英汉语中使用频繁，较之其它类型的翻译，其隐含意义也相对复杂一些，因此，处理好颜色词的翻译是英汉 翻译的一个重点。在世界某些地区，相同颜色词可表示相同含义，但也可能代表不同语言或 文化中的差异。为了促进跨文化交流，笔者通过选取了一些基本颜色词进行分析，并试图通 过找出合适的翻译方法来解决这些文化差异。 一、颜色词概要 颜色词作为人类词汇的一部分，扮演着重要角色。根据成分和亮度的不同，颜色可分为 原色，混色，亮色，深色。然而，现代语言具有稳定的基本颜色词，可作为形成其核心的根源，产生大量的颜色词，形成众多丰富的颜色词群。根据以上构成，又可把颜色词分为以下 几类： 1.基本颜色词。 通常简短，易于记忆，方便使用，并以简洁的形式直接表达颜色。例如：“red” （红），“orange”（橙）, “yellow”（黄），“green”（绿）, “blue”（蓝），“purple”（紫），“grey”（灰）, “brown”（棕），“white” (白)，“black”（黑）等等。这些词可独立使用，若添加属性，则变成其他词语。为了生动而准确地表达色彩效果，人们总是以多种形式来展现。这种颜色 词通常是为了表达具体的颜色程度。比如“bright red”(鲜红色)，“grey blue” (灰蓝色)，“dark brown”(深褐色) 等。无论这些颜色词怎样丰富，它们都以基本颜色词作为延伸。 2.客观颜色词。 就是所谓的实物颜色词。这些词语在自然界中已存在，其本义主要是表示事物的名称， 这就很容易使人联想到物体的颜色。渐渐地，描述物体的词语变成了颜色词。例如，“silver”(银色), “cherry”(樱桃红), “bronze”(古铜色), “ruby”(宝石红), “jade”(翡翠色), “chocolate”(巧克力色), “coffee”(咖啡色)等。 3.情感色彩词。 自古以来，颜色词与情感息息相关。它们可代表不同的情绪。人们可通过颜色词巧妙地
颜色词的翻译 颜色与人类的生活息息相关，我们我们无时无刻不在与颜色 打交道。 大千世界的颜色种类无穷无尽，有各自的独特物理属性， 在语言中也有鲜明生动的体现。 对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。人类对颜 色的认知，是有很明显的共同处的。发映在语言上，就是虽然各 种语言表达颜色的词汇数量差别较大，但是表达颜色的基本词汇，如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等，在很多语言中都是相通的，是非 常一致的。 不过，由于各民族文化风俗，地理位置，历史传统，宗教 信仰，民族心理，思维习惯等方面差异，颜色词语有时有表现出 各民族独特的“个性”，带有显著的文化烙印。这就使得颜色词 语的翻译，可以采用不同的方法。 下面，先让我们来比较一下英汉两种语言中一些常见颜色词汇的 异同。 A. r ed（红色） 无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子 有关。因为日历中，这些日子常用红色字体。因此， re d le tt er d a y：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。 红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组： re d fi gu re：赤字 re d in k：赤字 in t he r ed：亏损 re d-in k en tr y：赤字分录 re d ba la nc e：赤字差额 除此之外，还有如 re d ce nt：一分钱；r ed go ld：纯金；r ed ti p on st oc k ma rk et：指股票市场的最新情报 汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“re d”。 例如： 红糖：br ow n s u ga r 红茶：bl ac k t e a 红榜：ho no ur r ol l 红豆：lo ve pe a
颜色词的翻译 [摘要] 词汇在语言中最活跃, 词汇中的颜色词意义丰富。自然界是色彩斑斓的, 各民族在长期的历史沉淀中都形成了各自独特的颜色观，折射出绚丽多姿的民族文化。文化制约了颜色词的意义演变，颜色词的文化意义又折射出了丰富的文化内涵。由于文化内容、文化传统和文化心理有异，很多英汉颜色词的文化内涵差异较大，这些特定的文化内涵意义是不同民族在不同的环境下铸就而成的。英汉颜色词在两种语言中的意义既有相同和相似之处，也存在着很多差异。了解一些基本的方法，对顺利进行跨文化交际和英汉双语翻译有一定的指导意义．本文对照分析了相当数量的颜色词的翻译实例，总结了译法。同时在学习英语的过程中适当了解不同颜色词在英汉两种语言中的文化背景、风俗习惯和历史地理背景，旨在促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。 [关键词]颜色词；翻译；方法；文化内涵 颜色与人类的生活息息相关，我们无时无刻不在与颜色打交道。大千世界的颜色种类无穷无尽，有各自的独特物理属性，在语言中也有鲜明生动的体现。对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。人类对颜色的认知，是有很明显的共同处的。反映在语言上，虽然各种语言表达颜色的词汇数量差别较大，但是表达颜色的基本词汇，如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等，在很多语言中都是相通的，是非常一致的。不过，由于各民族文化风俗，地理位置，历史传统，宗教信仰，民族心理，思维习惯等方面差异，颜色词语有时有表现出各民族独特的“个性”，带有显著的文化烙印。这就使得颜色词语的翻译，可以采用不同的方法。 一、英汉两种语言中一些常见颜色词汇的异同 英语中有11种基本颜色词，即：white（白色）、black（黑色）、grey（灰色）、brown （棕色）、red（红色）、green（绿色）、yellow (黄色）、blue（蓝色）、purple (紫色）、pink (粉色）、orange（橙色）。汉语中的基本颜色词与英语基本对应，惟独“青”较为特殊。下面将对主要基本颜色词的文化内涵作一些比较和相关词组列举一下。 A. red（红色） 无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中，这些日子常用红色字体。因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。 红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red ink：赤字 in the red：亏损 red-ink entry：赤字分录 red balance：赤字差额 除此之外，还有如： ：一分钱；red gold：纯金；red tip on stock market：指股票市场的最新情报汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”。例如： 红糖：brown sugar 红茶：black tea 红榜：honor roll 红豆：love pea 红运：good luck 红利：dividend
浅谈颜色词的英汉差异及翻译 【摘要】颜色作为一种视觉效果，从理论上讲，人们对它的感知应是一致的。但由于英汉民族不同的地理位置、宗教信仰、民族心理及思维习惯等，这些颜色词的文化涵义也存在差异。所以，本文通过研究多种颜色词在英汉中的差异，探讨在颜色词翻译中如何做到翻译的最佳效果,并且提出了直译法、意译法、改色法、增减色法为主的翻译方法。 【关键词】颜色词;英汉差异;翻译 1.颜色词的英汉差异对比 对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。由于汉语和英语两种语言的文化差异，许多颜色词汇蕴涵了不同的民族感情色彩，在翻译和交际过程中可能产生偏差和误解。 1.1黑色（Black） 黑色在汉语中常与不好的、邪恶的事物相联系，如有：“黑钱”、“黑社会”、“黑市”等都是贬义词。在英语文化中，black的联想意义与汉语大致相同，表示“阴险、凶恶、不光彩和悲哀”等涵义。如：black guard (流氓/恶棍)，black mark (污点)，to look at someone (怒目而视)……黑色代表了庄严和肃穆。在正式场合，人们通常是着黑色正装，这点在中西文化中也是共通的。 1.2白色（White） 汉族文化中，白色常与死亡相系。如古代亲人死后家属要穿白孝服、设白灵堂。白色也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如战败的一方总是打“白旗”投降。还有“白费力”、“白忙”等词。西方的white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘穿的白婚纱，象征着爱情的纯洁美好。还有white-handed比喻“正直的、无辜的、廉洁的”，a white war 指“不流血的战争”。当然，在英语中，也有a white elephant(无用的)，a white night等贬义短语。 1.3红色（Red） 红色是中国文化的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人对物质和精神的追求。在汉语中, 红色常是褒义，象征着革命、进步、喜庆等。汉语中有“红运、红榜、红军、红星、红火、红人”等词语均表示好的方面。在英语文化里，red既有褒义也有贬义。它可以表示信仰、博爱、献身、坚忍不拔，同时还含有暴力、流血、不贞洁等贬义。如go into red (出现赤字或发生亏损)，red-letter day（纪念日、高兴的日子）。 1.4黄色（Yellow）
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1610731987.html, 浅谈中英翻译中颜色词的异同 作者：杨艳艳 来源：《现代交际》2013年第12期 [摘要]我们生活在多姿多彩的颜色世界中，颜色赋予生活丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义。在不同的文化中，同一种颜色会使人产生不同的联想，在翻译颜色词时，我们应该充分考虑其中的文化差异。 [关键词]颜色词汉语英语翻译文化差异 [中图分类号]H315.9 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-5349（2013）12-0026-01 英汉这两种各具特色、大相径庭的语言，其表达方式与文化习惯存在一定的差异。这些五彩斑斓、丰富多彩的表达方式与纷繁复杂的习惯差异是由于汉民族文化与英美文化之间存在着民族历史、社会制度、道德信仰、文艺艺术、心理特点、风俗习惯、价值观念、思维方式、生活方式以及地域风貌等差别。其中表示各种颜色的词在人类生活中占据着举足轻重的位置。英汉语言习惯不同，风俗各异，表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同，就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。本文就英汉两种语言中色彩词的差异列举例子予以分析研究。 一、白色（white） 对于多数中国人和西方人来说，白色所表达的意思有一些是相近的，但是汉语中的“白”是不等于英语中的“white”的。比如：purity（洁白），innocence（清白无辜）。 还有在涉及到人的种族时，我们可以说the black people（黑人）、the yellow people（黄种人）、the white people（白人），但说到人的肤色白时就不宜译成 white skin，而通常译为：fair skin/complexion。即在涉及到人得肤色时汉语的“白”与英语的fair相对应。 另外，汉语中有愈多含义有“白”的词语根本不表示颜色，翻译成英语时与“white”毫不相干，而只是与其他字一起构成词组表示事物名称，如：“白痴”（idiot）。 英语中也有类似的现象，“white”并不表示”白”的意思，如：white elephant，昂贵又无用之物“白费事”（all in vain，a waste of time energy）。 二、黄色（yellow） 在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。在英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如： A yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人
The cultural differences of color words between English and ChineseTranslation Abstract:Red, white, black three color words have similarities in associative meaning, Chinese culture and Western culture in the symbolic meaning and semantics, and there are also differences, with the common, confusing phrases and idioms translation, let people know the importance of color words in English and Chinese in two cultures. Keywords: color words; symbolic meaning; cultural difference; idiom Color is closely related with human life, we every hour and moment is not in dealing with color. Represents various color words embody national cultural features of English and Chinese culture is different, the performance of different national "personality", with significant cultural stigma. The same color words often contain different symbolic significance. Therefore, correctly grasp the deep meaning of color words in the two languages and the correct translation, master the vocabulary and idioms in the English language, has a role can not be ignored in cross-cultural communication. This paper focuses on three color words: red (red), white (white), black (black), it is in the two languages of English and Chinese language and culture differences be explained, and some common translation and confusable vocabulary and idioms, for English learners. 一.RED Whether in China or in western countries, often live with festive red Move on, but in China the symbolic meanings of red more strongly. Red symbolizes celebration, successful, thriving, warm, such as "full house", "good", "fire".Chinese traditional wedding tone mainly in red, the bride wearing red clothes, cover red hijab, a red candle, with red hi word, a faction be bursting with happiness. In the Anglo-American countries, the bride dressed in white wedding dress, wearing a white wedding dress. "Red" stands for "fire" in British and American culture, "blood", "agression", "excitement", "Rage", "violence", such as "seered", "red- handed", "a red battle" is reminiscent of violence and bloodshed. Red in China is also a symbol of revolution, such as "red", "be both red and expert", while in English often pejorative meaning, with "red", "radical left.", Such as "red belt", "red activities". Red in Chinese also refers to people who favor or boss, such as "red", "popular";A joint-stock enterprises at the end of the year profits distributed to shareholders in economic terms, such as "bonus", "bonus", While in English refers to economic or business often have "deficit", "loss" meaning, such as "be in the red", "red ink". Red refers to the color, has the same meaning in English and Chinese, refer to the "red", "black", "red" and other means, can be used as adjectives and nouns. It refers to the traffic, with "red" in English and chinese. 1. And "red" the relevant vocabulary, idioms and English to Chinese language 1) 红白喜事———weddings and funerals China known as the wedding for weddings, funerals for the funeral, and
Title: Talking about differences of color words in cross-cultural Abstract: Man has a common feeling about colors, because color words can not only express the natural gorgeous colors, but also reflect the view of value and the aesthetic standard of a people. To this point, color words have more than their literal meanings. They also have rich associative meanings. This article firstly analyzes the cultural differences of color words from the national psychology, historical tradition, religious beliefs, habits and customs, emotion of the color. And then it probes into their influences on the language with detailed discussion, pointing out the similarities and differences which exist in the language performance. Because the cultural difference has brought barriers on translation and international communication, finally the paper discusses the problem of how to deal with the cultural differences in human communication and proposes some processing ways as well as some translation methods in the translation process. Through analyzing and understanding some differences between two nations, we are trying to avoid the communication barrier in the international communication so that we can achieve the goal of successful communication. Key words:color word; cultural difference; international communication; associative meaning 二、颜色词分类的不同 颜色词可以大略分为基本颜色词和实物颜色词,前者是本来就描写事物颜色的词,后者则起先是某种实物的名称,由于这种实物本身具有强烈而突出的颜色, 因而它们逐渐形成了一种附加功能:不仅可以表示实物,还用来描述具有相同颜色的一类事物。英汉两种语言中的颜色词都可以划分为基本颜色词和实物颜色词,但英汉基本颜色词的数量和划分并不相同。语言学家Berlin和Kay在考察了98种语言,并详细研究了其中的20种以后,认为英语中有11个基本颜色词,包括:red, yellow,white, black, green, blue, purple, brown, pink, orange,和gray。这些词在汉语中都能找到相对应的词:红、黄、白、黑、绿、蓝、紫、棕、粉、橙和灰。但汉语中的基本颜色词与英语中的却不尽相同。例如,我们经常提到的七色彩虹———赤(红)、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫;《简明类语词典》中列出了6个基本颜色词:白、黑、红、绿、黄和蓝;《同义词词林》虽也列出了11个基本颜色词,但与英语中的有所不同,分别是:白、黑、红、绿、黄、蓝、褐、赭、青、紫和灰。而王逢鑫教授在《英汉比较语义学》一书中提出汉语有白、黑、红、绿、黄、蓝、褐、紫和灰等9个基本颜色词。这与英语中的基本颜色词数量上存在差异,并不一一对应,例如汉语中的“青”有时是“绿”,而有时是“黑”,在英语中要用两个词来对应,还要注意语言环境才不会张冠李戴.英语中pink是“粉”,或“粉红”,在汉语中归入“红”。基本颜色词以下再划分时,有时汉语划得较粗,有时英语划得较细。如红色再向下划分,汉语中有四十多个,如水红、肉红、大红、鲜红、绯红、桃红、洋红、金红、火红、血红、玫瑰红、嫣红、猩红、枣红等等,而英语中表示红的