跨文化交际测试题（二）
I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points each)
Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the ONE that best completes the statement.
1. _____ refer to maintaining one’s original culture and not participating in the new culture.
A. Separation and segregation
B. Assimilation
C. Marginalization
D. Integration
2. Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress ________, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition.
A. exchanging information
B. harmony
C. respect
D. instrumental function
3. Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather it takes place in a physical and a social context; both establish the rules that govern the interaction. It reflects _____.
A. communication is symbolic
B. communication is systematic
C. communication is irreversible
D. communication is transactional
4. In China, if a Tibetan communicates with a Han, it is _____.
A. interracial communication
B. interethnic communication
C. international communication
D. interpersonal communication
5. _____ is any policy, practice, belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race.
A. Sexism
B. Collectivism
C. Racism
D. Individualism
6. The _____ is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
A. message
B. source
C. context
D. feedback
7. _____ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
A. Decoding
B. Channel
C. Encoding
D. Source
8. _____ refers to the exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country.
A. Interethnic Communication
B. Interregional Communication
C. international communication
D. Intercultural communication
9. _____ refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.
A. Acculturation
B. Deculturation
C. Marginalization
D. Assimilation
10. Hofstede’s _____ index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.
A. value orientation
B. cultural dimensions
C. cultural values
D. power distance
II. Terms (15 points, 3 points each)
Directions: There are five terms in this section. Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
11. Culture shock
12. Communication (from perceptional perspective)
13. Worldview
14. Uncertainty avoidance
15. Interpretation
III. Case Analysis (20 points, 5 points each)
Directions: In this section you are supposed to analyze the following cases from the perspective of intercultural communication. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
16. In China, sounds and figures reflect good fortune. The phonetic sound of eight, baat in Cantonese and between pa and ba in Mandarin, is similar to faat, meaning prosperity. The number 8, then, is the most fortuitous of numbers portending prosperity.
17. In 1998, Indonesian mobs looted hundreds of Chinese shops and homes leaving more than 2000 dead; suicide bombings have become common events in Israel; in 2001, Middle Eastern terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center, seen by some as a symbol of greed and cultural humiliation, incinerating its occupants.
18. Soon after arriving in Canada from Korea, I cried almost every day. I was so tense I heard without hearing, and this made me feel foolish .I also escaped into sleeping more than twelve hours at a time and dreamed of my life, family and friends in Lima. After three months of isolating myself in the house and speaking to no one, I ventured out. I then began to criticize everything about this new culture values, customs, climate, and its people. During this time I began to idealize my own homeland. I also began to have severe headaches. Finally I consulted a doctor, but she only gave me a lot of drugs to relieve the pain. With time passing by, I learned to see things from a new point of view and was better able to accept myself and my feelings.
19. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, there were 8,354,700 people in the United States whose native language was a language other than English. At that time, there were about 1,000 newspapers and periodicals printed entirely or in part in language other than English. In 1942, there were nearly 1,000 radio stations in the United States, 200 of which broadcast in some 26 languages. In fact, though, the media contributed to assimilations. Today, there are some 200 ethnic newspapers and magazines in New York, San Jose, California, has dozens of Vietnamese publications.
IV. Short Answer (30 points, 5 points each)
Directions: In this section you are supposed to answer the following questions with the knowledge of intercultural communication. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
20. What are the five stages of culture shock?
21. Can you explain why communication is contextual?
22. Can you describe the interpersonal communication skills in order to communicate effectively?
23. What are the major ethical theories?
24. Can you explain that why tea ceremony is an example of a high-context experience?
25. What are the barriers to effective intercultural communication?
V. English—Chinese Translation (15 points, 3 points each)
Directions: In this section you are supposed to translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
26. As we have already known, communication is the exchange of information. 27. Communication does not always result in understanding because it is a symbolic behavior. The meaning of the message based on the communication participants’ cultural background, varies accordingly for each person. 28. Intercultural communication occurs when a person from one culture sends a message to a person from another culture. 29. During such process, some common problems and barriers occurred. 30. In order to be a successful intercultural communicator, we should master some skills to overcome these barriers.
Unit 1 1.他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They had thought his chances of landing the job were slim. 2.我不知道她为何总带有一中闷闷不乐的神情。 I wonder why there is always an air of sadness in her. 3.等到所有同学都就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。 It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the students’union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4.胃是人体至关重要的器官，请善待之。 The stomach is a vital organ of the human body; please take good care of it. 5.他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it was ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to daily routines. 6.根据安排，全体工作人员依次值晚班。 According to the arrangement, all the members of the staff take turns to be on night watch. 7.她的研究涉及到多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 Her study, which ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge. 8.想到要远离父母独立生活，她深感不安。 She felt dismayed at the thought of leaving away from her parents on her own. 9.对于她是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心，我们所担忧的确实她的健康状况。 We don’t worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health. 10.想到要作一次环球航海旅行，他为之激动不已。 He was greatly excited at the thought of going on a voyage around the world. Unit2 11.这位老人年轻时独居海外，有过许多不寻常的经历。 This old man lived alone overseas when he was young and had many unusual experiences. 12.她是一位深受人们爱戴的教学经验丰富的物理老师。 She was a deeply respected physics teacher with rich teaching experience. 13.我的鞋子是崭新的，我情愿等到天气放晴后再走。 My shoes are brand-new and I’d rather stay until it clear up. 14.要离开曾在孩提时代住过的小屋子，她环顾四周，向每件熟悉的物品一一告别。 Upon leaving the small house where she lived in her childhood, she looked goodbye at every familiar object around. 15.他接到通知要他立即去西安，时间紧迫得连给他妻子打电话的时间都没有。 He was asked to leave for Xi’an at such short notice that he didn’t even have time to call his wife. 16.他们不情愿参与我们的演讲比赛，真令人扫兴。 Their reluctance to join us in the speech contest really spoilt our fun. 17.请注意，每位学生都应该遵守课堂纪律，你也不例外。 Please note that every student should keep classroom discipline, and you are no exception.
Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures Reading I Intercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions 1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world? This is still powerful in today‘s soci al and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants. 2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past? Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history. 3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today? New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter. 4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent. 5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication? The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state). 6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it? The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture? Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community. 8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to? People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions,eye contact and gaze, touch, etc. 9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist? A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading II The Challenge of Globalization Comprehension questions 1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed? Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
UNIT 2 一. Translation 1. Do you know which team won the football match? I have no idea. You may ask XiaoLi, he is a member of the team.\ He is on the team. 2. It is not suitable (proper) to regard this film either as totally good or completely bad. 3. I wonder if I should tell my parents that I failed in the examination. 4. Of course, he behaved dreadfully, but after all, he is only six years old. 5. The moment he saw his boss, he trembled as if he had seen a ghost. 6. I don’t think we can afford the house, even if we save every penny we have. The other day: the past time\a few days ago Take````seriously```: take````important``` Withered: become dry and then to die Clumsy: movement is not quick, stupid One of there days: in the near future Unique: specially, only one
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?
Cross –cultural communication Thesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries. Outline: Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication Chapter2: Culture shock Chapter3: What’s in a name? Chapter4: Social interaction Chapter 5: Roles and relations Chapter6: Non-verbal communication Chapter 7: In other words. Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global Village Conclusion Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication There is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance. What is communication? In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself. Communication not just exist in human-beings There are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other. For human beings, how can we communicate with each other? Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message. What is social situation? When there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social s A social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in
1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读
9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美（西）家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪
6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较
1 Translation 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。 很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则，并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43
Part 1 Comprehensive Check （15*2）每课的练习A Part 2 Multiple Choice （25*1）每课的练习E复习题的变体；另外请中看第五章 Part 3 E-C Translation（10*1）每课的练习C Part 4 Term-matching（10*1） Part 5 Multiple function（5*5）其中三道是简答题，两道是案例分析。 Terms/questions: 1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system –Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. –Human society has always traded goods across great distances. 3. Global village：real time events 、the time and space compression –All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 5. Diversity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural communication: refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Perception 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation 9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义):the belief that your own cultural background is superior. 11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge. 12. Components of Communication： Source交际邀请 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message编码信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object. Channel交际渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
Unit 2The Virtues of Growing Older Key to exercises: V ocabulary exercises: I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. are likely to 2. break up / disintegrate 3. as a whole 4. powerless against / completely controlled by 5. not surprising / only too natural II. F ill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1. delay 2. Feverishly 3. facade 4. confronted 5. premise 6. dreaded 7. automatically 8. awaiting III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 1. obsessive 2. moodiness 3. tolerable 4. beneficial 5. satisfying 6. hidden 7. preference 8. criticisms IV. C hoose a word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. Synonym: conceal, disguise 2. Antonym: narrow 3. Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy 4. Synonym: merits, advantages 5. Synonym: fat, plump 6. Synonym: well-built 7. Antonym: old-fashioned, outdated 8. Synonym: clearly, evidently VI. Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.
U1 reading1 跨文化交际日益引起人们的注意的原因：是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展使得不同国家、不 同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。 L.S.Harms认为，在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段： A语言的产生； B文字的使用； C印刷技术的发明； D近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展； E跨文化交际。近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。 二、对跨文化交际的不同理解 有的人认为每个人在文化上都是独特的，所以任何两个人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。 文化通常不是指个人的行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯。作者认为作跨国、跨种族、跨民族.研究不仅应该是跨文化交际研究包括的内容，而且应该是放在首位的。 在研究一个国家的文化特点时，我们的眼光首先应集中在它的主流文化上，其次才注意它的亚文化和地区文化的特点 含义:人们应用符号并借助媒介交流信息的行为与过程；人与人之间直接交往活动；通过媒介进行的信息交流与沟通活动。人类传播的发展： 信息符号传播：手势、有限的声音、体语符号、其它符号、实物 口语传播 媒介传播 传播类型：非人类传播与人类传播 伴随人类产生发生出现；不同民族相互接触与融洽的结果；交通和通讯工具的发展促进跨文化交际的发展含义：具有不同文化背景的人们之间进行的交际往来或信息传播与沟通活动 文化在跨文化交际中的地位：是跨文化交际的核心；文化的复杂性影响跨文化研究；文化涵盖历史与现实、实物与制度及观念、稳定性与能动性、群体特点与地区及个体差异影响跨文化交际的主要因素：民族的历史与传统、宗教思想、价值观念、社会组织形式、风俗习惯、政治制度、社会发展阶段 case1 主角被埃及人邀请去家里吃丰盛的大餐，他用餐后说食物很好。在这种情况下,理查德错误可能是他选择赞美食物本身,而不是整个晚上,的食物。他的主人和女主人就好像他参加了一个艺术展,称赞这位艺术家说:多么美丽的你的照片。在日本工作的时候他犯了一个错，开会的时候解释试图让大家明白每个人也许都会跟他一样以减轻罪过，结果又错了。相比之下,美国人强调个性价值和容易维护个体差异时,他们似乎理由与组织的目标或价值观冲突。在这种情况下:理查德…年代错误是在努力保护自己。 case2 对于学生来说，向老师提问很多问题是不尊重的，另一方面，提问一些跟老师说的无关的也如此，代表你没有听课。在美国文化中,人们倾向于说什么是对他们的思想和他们所说的意思。因此,学生在课堂上预计提问当他们需要澄清。墨西哥文化与美国文化共享这种偏好的风格在某些情况下,这就是为什么学生们从墨西哥容易在课堂上采用提问的技巧。但是,韩国人通常喜欢间接的沟通方式,因此他们往往不会说什么是对他们的思想和更多的依赖影响和推理,以保持礼貌通过任何不恰当的言语行为, 避免丢脸。提到的情况下,许多韩国人,很多问题会显示不尊重老师,而且还反映,学生不够努力学习。
Unit 3 Cultural Diversity Reading I Different Lands, Different Friendships Comprehension questions 1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States? Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life. 2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being? Yes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. 3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe? In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. 4. In what country does friendship have much to do with one’s family? And in what country does it not? In Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life. 5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalized? For instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life. 6. What are friendships usually based on in England? English friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation. 7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures? If you do, what are they?