英美文学串讲1

英美文学知识第一节英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)Alliteration – Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epicCaedmon (开德蒙)Anthem《赞美诗》1. 诗歌Cynewulf(基涅武甫)Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》Bede (比德)Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》2. 散文King Alfred(阿尔弗雷德大帝)Wessex – Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 – 15世纪)1. Allegory – Romance – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》2. Ballad – The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”); The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)5. Sir Thomas Malory(托马斯•马洛礼)Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 – 17世纪中期)1. Humanism – classic culture2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)Utopia《乌托邦》; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) – Sonnet4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》-第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》-人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行(ababbcbcc)8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter; The FaireQueene 《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism 6. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗•马娄)Tamburlaine 《帖木耳大帝》; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》7. William Shakespeare2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧长诗Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;The Rape of Lucrece 《露克丽丝受辱记》十四行诗iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet悲剧Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth喜剧 A Midsummer Night’s Dream ; The Merchant ofVenice ; As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》; TwelfthNight历史剧Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III(威廉•莎士比亚)戏剧传奇剧Pericles 《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline 《辛白林》; The Winter’s Tale ;Tempest 《暴风雨》8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);Every Man In His Humor 《人性互异》9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);Songs and Sonnets 《歌曲与十四行诗》10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)the saint of the Metaphysical school(“玄学派诗圣”);The Temple 《神殿》11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;To His Coy Mistress 《致他的娇羞女友》12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)Materialism; Essays 《随笔》(Of Study, OfTruth );The Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》;The New Instrument 《新工具》四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)40年代到80年代：realism2. 18世纪的英国文学80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)Defence of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》;Second Defence of the Englishpeople 《为英国人民再辩》;Paradise Lost (blank verse, 旧约); Paradise Regained(新约);Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》(poetical drama, closet73. Tennessee Williams (田纳西·威廉斯)The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》; A Street car Named Desire《欲望号街车》; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》74. Arthur Miller (阿瑟·米勒)All My Sons《都是我的儿子》; The Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》75. Edward Albee (爱德华·阿尔比)The Zoo Story《动物园的故事》; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》76. Sylvia Plath (西尔维亚·普拉斯)自白派; The Colossus and Other Poems《巨人》。

4*4’英国2218’B1分）C2A1分）2>1—2分）3>2—3分）4>1—2分）5>3—4分）1>时间+来源（0.5分—1分）3>2—3分）4> 1分）5>0.5—1分）6>0.5—1分）3>1—2分）4>2—3分）5>1—2分）6>0.5—1分）介绍论述题中关于作1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）literary trend1798-1832Lyrical Ballads in 1798Walter Scott's death in 1832.is a literary trend.It prevailed in(place)during the period of xxxx-xxxx,beginning with xxxx in (time),ending with in(time).was greatly influenced by the.Generally speaking, the expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes......The great writers in this period are............时期th to mid-17th )时期 1.<<>>2.3.1.2. 1.2.3.pun 3.英国文学 1.2.3.1.英国小说之父the father of English Novels2.讽刺satire1.2.3. 1.2.details细腻英国文学Period Period1836-1901 1.2.3.T ·S4.1.2.critical realist 3.4.3.4.5. 1.2.1.2.1.2.3.4.5.6.现实Period 美国文学1.2.3.4.5.老人与海6.现代Period1.2.3.4.浪漫Period1.Old English Literature-(450——1066封建建立)a. Religious-——b. Secular--heroic age---<Beowulf>盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗---a protector of people, fight against the nature.————•••例题例题【正确答案：B】Background:a by a①The of&②The new in&the&本质与主张③The in&to get rid of to new ideas that the the&to the of the early from theEngland①---②都铎)Traits of humanistic poetry: dramatistsWriters：1.早期---andPetrarchan)2.中期the Ageblank verse)3.后期抽象founder of modern science)Life381542I．5 history plays and 4 comedies. （apprenticeship 学徒时期）•5•III>;and.•4部.•,II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized)•5II>,I,II,V>•6（）••to•and•and loyal•其他•II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized) 2III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies: ---Greatest four tragedies:<Hamlet><King Lear><Othello><Macbeth>III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies:---Theme: The impossibility of certainty; the complexity of action;the mystery of death;the nation as a diseased body.blood-and-thunderand butIV. Principal Romantic tragicomedies: <The Tempest>①.②forth byto the one he人物塑造独白情节结构语言风格Paradise Lost<Lycidas挽歌<Areopagitica><Paradise LostThe is the“Fall of Man”.流放<Paradise Regained诱惑<Samson Agonistes>①②③④⑤例题例题【正确答案：B】background：Time:Background:Traits:Thoughts:节俭迷信EnlightmentLiterature ideas:教导.<A Modest ProposalLiterature ideas:Schools of literature:Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.2.Gothic novels ⋯⋯⋯Schools of literature:Daniel DefoeThe True born Englishman wonThe Review<Robinson Crusoe>②③坚韧④the lower-class people.选读<Robinson Crusoe> Theme:①②③创作风格：①②③方言。

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

需要掌握的重点：英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

Part one English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature1. Social Background: (paragraph one)early inhabitants: Celtsthree conquests greatly affected English literatureRomans conquestsAnglo-Saxons: Germanic language and cultureNorman: Mediterranean civilizationSupplementary material:Anglo-Saxon is a general term that refers to the Germanic settlers who came to Britain during the 5th and 6th centuries. "Anglo Saxon" also refers to the language spoken at the time in England, which is now called Old English, and to the culture of the era, which has long attracted popular and scholarly attention.Anglo-Saxon language is the basis of Modern EnglishThe Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating the then king Harold II of England. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. Itlargely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with aforeign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clericalhierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of theEnglish language and the culture of England in a new era.2. Old English LiteratureExtends from 450 to 1066Old English poems (paragraph two)2.1religious group: biblical themeExample: The Dream of the RoodSupplementary materialThe Dream of the Rood is one of the earliest Christian poems in the corpus of Old English literature. Like most Old English poetry, it is written in alliterative verse. Rood is from the Old English rod "pole", specifically "crucifix 十字架". Preserved in the 10th century, the poem may be considerably older, even one of the oldest works of Old English literature.2.2secular group: national epic poemexample: Beowulf：national epic of the Anglo-Saxons（paragraph twoand three）epic: An epic (from the Ancient Greek) is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.3. Medieval English Literature3.1. Background: Norman Conquestthree important changes in society：3.2. Medieval period: 1066 ~ Mid-14th century3.3three greatest poets3.3.1John Gower: romance3.3.2William Langland: realistic3.3.3Chaucer3.3.3.1LifeGeoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature,is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best loved today for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular方言, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.3.3.3.2theme of his works: man’s right, humanism3.3.3.3important works3.3.3.4contribution to English literature: Father of English literature stanza, octosyllabic couplet, heroic couplet, first modern novel3.3.3.5the Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse, although some are in prose) are told aspart of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer's magnum opus. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. It is sometimes argued that the greatest contribution that this work made to English literature was in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular, English, rather than French or Latin.3.3.3.6 the heroic couplet 英雄史诗式两行诗（每句有五音步十音节,互相押韵）A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales.Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of iambic pentameter.A frequently-cited example:O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme!Though deep yet clear, though gentle yet not dull;Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full.3.4popular folk literature3.4.1Feature: lack of originality; medieval Christian doctrine withpersonal salvation3.4.2Romance: the main literature form of Middle AgeLiteral term: As a literary genre of high culture (高雅文化), romance or chivalric romance（中世纪骑士故事）is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant（周游）portrayed as having heroic qualities, who goes on a quest. Originally, romance literature was written in Old French, Anglo-Norman, later, in English and German. Form: narrative verse or proseTheme: knightly adventures or heroic deeds; romantic loveStructure and languageChapter 1 The Renaissance Period1.Synopsis1.1RenaissanceTime span: extends from 14th century to mid-17th centuryOrigin：ItalyField：painting，sculpture and literatureSocial Background:Bourgeoisie is rising; get rid of feudalist ideas; recover the purity of clear church,Renaissance in essence: humanism1.2Renaissance in England1.2.1 Before Renaissance came to England: domestic unrest Example: the War of RosesThe Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York (the "red" and the "white" rose, respectively). They were fought in several sporadic(零星的) episodes between 1455 and 1485 The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, who defeated the last Yorkist king Richard III and married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York to unite the two houses. The House of Tudor subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years.The name "Wars of the Roses" refers to the badges associatedwith the two royal houses, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. It is not thought to have been used during the time of the wars. Rather, it came into common use in the nineteenth century after the publication of Anne of Geierstein by Sir Walter Scott.1.2.2 The beginning of Renaissance in EnglandThe reign of Henry VIIIHenry VIII (28 June 1491 –28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church.His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor Dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars ofthe Roses—led to the two things that Henry is remembered for: his wives, and the English Reformation that made England a mostly Protestant nation. In later life he became morbidly(病态的) obese and his health suffered; his public image is frequently depicted as one of a lustful, egotistical, harsh and insecure king.1.3The Essence of Renaissance—humanismEnglish humanist: Thomas More, Christopher Marlow and William Shakespeare1.4Religious Reformation1.4.1Martin Luther1.4.2Religious reformation in EnglandThe English Reformation started in the reign of Henry VIII. The English Reformation was to have far reaching consequences in Tudor England. Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to produce a male heir to the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be - Anne Boleyn. By 1527, Catherine was considered too old to have anymore children. However, a divorce was not a simple issue. Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic and the head of this church was the pope based in Rome.The Roman Catholic faith believed in marriage for life. It did not recognise, let alone support, divorce. The Roman Catholic Church simply did not allow it.This put Henry VIII in a difficult position. If he went ahead and announced that as king of England he was allowing himself a divorce, the pope could excommunicate (逐出教会) him.Another approach Henry used was to make a special appeal to the pope so that he might get a special "Papal Dispensation(豁免)". This meant that the pope would agree to Henry’s request for a divorce purely because Henry was king of England but that it would not affect the way the Catholic Church banned divorce for others. The pope refused to grant Henry this and by 1533 his anger was such that he ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury to grant him a divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.This event effectively leads to England breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome. Henry placed himself as head of the church and in that sense, in his eyes, his divorce was perfectly legal. In 1533, few were brave enough to tell him otherwise!1.5English Renaissance1.5.1first period: poems affected by Italy1.5.2mainstream: Elizabethan dramafamous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare andBen Johnson2.Representatives2.1Edmund SpenserMasterpiece: The Faerie QueeneThe Faerie Queene is an incomplete English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it was the first work written in Spenserian stanza and is one of the longest poems in the English language.It is an allegorical work, written in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. In a completely allegorical context, the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues. As it was published in 1596, the epic presented the following virtues:Book I: HolinessBook II: TemperanceBook III: ChastityBook IV: FriendshipBook V: JusticeBook VI: CourtesyFive qualities of his poetry:Spenserian stanza:2.2Christopher MarloweUniversity wits:“大学才子派”是指16世纪80年代英国出现的一批受过大学教育的剧作家。

英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each). Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"？C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve？Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.)(可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each)例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topicsin English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist. creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.immoralitymoneyknowledgepolitical powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.Wife’s ComplaintDream of the RoodSeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehen sive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.Canterbury TalesLegend of Good Womenand CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.Lost. FaustusFaerie QueeneAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.human’s vanity.the eternity of love.the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.Answer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.Learand JulietAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.poetrydramanoveldramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.Spenserian stanzaheroic coupletblank versefree verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.chastitytruthdeliverygentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance？of ancient Roman and Greek culture.to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.Answer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsRomansNormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.SpenserChaucerShakespeareDonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.imagery and simple dictionformstyleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.MythologylegendOld TestamentNew TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean？remove God from his throneburn the Heaven Downcorrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and Evebeguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.Merchant of VeniceLearWinter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsNormansRomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.DonneMarloweMiltonSpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryoutstanding political pamphleteergreat stylist and master of blank versekind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.AgonistesLostregainedAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him？Jew of MaltaPassionate to His LoveSun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.Milton’sBacon’s’sGray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.27. Shakespeare28. Spenser29. Donne30. Milton31.Answer: B (P15)32.27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.33.’s The Faerie Queene34. Donne’s The Sun Rising35.’s Sonnet 1836.’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.37.Answer: D (P28)38.28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？39. speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.40. speaker satirizes human vanity.41. speaker praises the power of artistic creation.42. speaker meditates on man’s salvation.43.Answer: C (P37)44.II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:45.1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kind46.Than is her custom. It is still her use47.To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,48.To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow49.An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance50.Of such misery doth she cut me off”51. the title of the works and author.52.“from which…cut me off”.53. happened to him, which caused the words？54.参考答案:55.The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,56.William Shakespeare. (P48)57.2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.58.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)59.2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”60.1)Identify the work and author.61.2)What idea does the passage express？62.参考答案：63.1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies” written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)64.2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.65.3.“ Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;66.Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,67.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:68.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,69.So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.70.1) Where does the poem comes from Who wrote it？71.What does “eternal lines” mean？72.Interpret it briefly.73.参考答案：74.1) The poem is “ Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)75.2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)76.3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)77.4.“… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,78.And study of revenge, immortal hate,79.And courage never to submit or yield:80.And what is else not to be overcome……81.Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”82.1) Please identify the poem and the poet.83.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.84.3) What does the whole passage mean？85.参考答案：86.1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)87.2) “all is not lost” is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)88.3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71) 89.5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”90.Questions:91.3)What does “beat over matters” mean？92.4)What does “receipt’ refer to？93.5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about？94.参考答案：95.1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)96.2)“Receipt” refers to cure, prescription. (P63)97.3)The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)98.6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionate99.For being deprived of the joys of heaven100.Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude101.And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.102.……103.Say he will spare him Four and twenty years104.Letting him live in all voluptuousness105.Having thee ever to attend on me…106.Questions:107.1)Identify the passage and author;108.2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul What for？109.3)Who are thee What will he do？110.参考答案：111.1) The passage comes from “” written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)112.2) will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’ in vain, finally he ’made a bond’ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)113.3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.114.He helped to do anything he wants. (P22)115.7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,116.Why does thou thus,117.Through windows and through curtains call on us”118.Questions:119.6)Identify the work and author.120.7)What idea does the passage express参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy. III. Questions and answers:do you know about Renaissance Give a summery about English literature in the period？(No more than 150 words)参考答案:Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms., Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be” is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense ofworld-weariness (厌世)’ . (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In , Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While , a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays？参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism？参考答案：1)’Humanism’ is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".Pilgrim’s ProgressJonesCrusoeJackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.heroic coupletfree verseblank verseSpenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose." FieldingDefoeSwiftBunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.AHoly WarPilgrims progressAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"？Pilgrim’s ProgressFaririe Queene’s travelsSchool of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.wit will make better poetryis more important than wit in poetrymuch wit will destroy good poetrywill make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high societyin a grand style.Answer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language stylesentences are long and well structured.sentences are interwoven with parallel words.tends to use informal and colloquial words.sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to saythat great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsthe very best things to lead people to their gloriesnever prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. BunyanFieldingDefoeSwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.JohnsonSwiftBrinsley SheridanGrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.PopeBrinsley SheridanJohnsonBernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.Answer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. School for ScandalDuenna’s HousesDoctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.Rivals’s TravelsJonesSchool for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.Metaphysical SchoolGraveyard SchoolGothic SchoolRomantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.Essay of Dramatic PoetryEssay on CriticismAdvancing of learningEssay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.stylenarrationsatiresentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"？Coffee---House Politician.Tragedy of Tragedies.History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother."The two sentences are found in ________.School for ScandalRivalsCriticScheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong？author employs metaphor in this poem.author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________. that are endowed with reason.that are endowed with admirable qualitiesthat are superior in wisdom., wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage？参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is bestset in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave."Questions:1) Identify the author and the works;2) What does "the inevitable hour"？3) Explain the first stanza;4) What does the whole passage imply.参考答案：1) This is Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156)3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high positionshouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work.4) In the passage, the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy,or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author givesmuch sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)III. Questions and answers:analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.参考答案：1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as"the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason".2)Its background was:was an age full of conflicts and difference of values;was an age of fast development for English to becomethe first powerful capitalist country in the world;was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly.3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement.4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work;They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science.。

大学三年级英美文学教案详解本教案旨在帮助大学三年级学生全面了解英美文学的发展历程和代表作品，促进学生对英美文学的深入理解和欣赏能力的提升。

教案内容包括英美文学的起源与发展、重要作家与代表作品，以及相关的文学理论和批评方法。

通过本教案的学习和实践，学生将能够更好地理解并欣赏英美文学的独特魅力。

1. 英美文学的起源与发展1.1 古英国文学的产生和发展1.2 中世纪英国文学的兴盛和特点1.3 文艺复兴时期英国文学的焕发1.4 17世纪至18世纪英国文学的繁荣1.5 美国文学的发展与独立性2. 重要作家与代表作品2.1 莎士比亚与他的戏剧作品2.2 约翰·米尔顿和《失乐园》2.3 乔纳森·斯威夫特和《格列佛游记》2.4 威廉·莎士比亚和《哈姆雷特》2.5 马克·吐温和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》3. 文学理论与批评方法3.1 结构主义与批评3.2 形式主义与批评3.3 传统批评与新批评3.4 后现代主义与批评4. 教学策略与方法4.1 融入多媒体教学手段，提升学生学习兴趣4.2 引导学生参与讨论和互动，培养批判性思维能力4.3 设计文学作品分析和鉴赏的小组活动4.4 提供阅读材料和作品欣赏的指导5. 教学资源与评估5.1 定期组织课堂测试，检测学生理解和掌握程度5.2 提供相关学术论文和专业书籍的参考5.3 引导学生进行研究性学习和写作，培养综合能力5.4 利用图书馆和网络资源进行文献检索和学习6. 总结与展望通过本教案的学习，学生将对英美文学有更深入的了解，掌握一定的分析和解读能力，并能够欣赏和评价相关的文学作品。

此外，通过文学理论和批评方法的学习，学生的批判性思维和创新能力也将得到提升。

相信通过教案的实施，将会培养出更具有综合素质和文化修养的英美文学专业人才。

希望本教案能够激发学生对英美文学的兴趣和热爱，同时也希望能够为学生今后的学习和研究提供良好的基础和指导。

《英美文学教案》第一章：英国文学概述1.1 英国文学的历史背景介绍英国文学的发展历程，包括中世纪、文艺复兴、启蒙时期、维多利亚时期等主要阶段。

强调英国文学在全球文学中的重要地位和影响力。

1.2 英国文学的重要作家和作品介绍几位具有代表性的英国作家，如莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、查尔斯·狄更斯等。

分析他们的代表作品，如《哈姆雷特》、《傲慢与偏见》、《双城记》等。

1.3 英国文学的特点和风格探讨英国文学的特点，如现实主义、浪漫主义、象征主义等。

分析英国作家的写作风格，如细腻的描写、丰富的心理描写、幽默与讽刺等。

第二章：美国文学概述2.1 美国文学的历史背景介绍美国文学的发展历程，包括殖民时期、浪漫主义时期、现实主义时期等主要阶段。

强调美国文学在全球文学中的重要地位和影响力。

2.2 美国文学的重要作家和作品介绍几位具有代表性的美国作家，如马克·吐温、欧内斯特·海明威、弗朗茨·卡夫卡等。

分析他们的代表作品，如《汤姆·索亚历险记》、《老人与海》、《美国》等。

2.3 美国文学的特点和风格探讨美国文学的特点，如多元文化、创新性、社会批判等。

分析美国作家的写作风格，如直接叙述、对话丰富、寓言与象征等。

第三章：文学作品的主题与形式3.1 文学作品的主题介绍文学作品的主题概念，包括情节、人物、背景等。

分析文学作品主题的多样性，如爱情、友情、权力、成长等。

3.2 文学作品的形式介绍文学作品的常见形式，如小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。

探讨不同形式对文学作品表达效果的影响。

3.3 文学作品的象征与隐喻解释象征与隐喻的概念，其在文学作品中的应用。

分析象征与隐喻对文学作品深层意义的贡献。

第四章：文学作品的分析方法4.1 文本分析法介绍文本分析法的基本概念和步骤。

强调文本分析法对文学作品主题、形式、语言等方面的深入探究。

4.2 历史文化分析法介绍历史文化分析法的基本概念和步骤。