Effect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple Juice
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备份重要数据的英文作文The Importance of Backing Up Vital Data.In today's digital era, data has become the lifeblood of businesses, organizations, and even individuals. From financial records to personal photos, data represents memories, achievements, and vital information that must be protected. Losing such data can be devastating, whetherit's due to hardware failure, natural disasters, or even human error. That's why backing up important data is crucial.Backing up data involves creating copies of essential files and storing them in a secure location separate from the original data. This process ensures that if the original data is lost or damaged, the copies can be restored to minimize downtime and data loss. It's a proactive measure that can save time, money, and precious memories.Reasons for Backing Up Data.1. Hardware Failures: Even the most reliable hardware can fail unexpectedly. Backing up data regularly ensures that you have access to critical information even if your computer or server crashes.2. Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, floods, and fires can destroy physical storage devices, making data recovery impossible without backups.3. Human Error: Accidental deletions or corruption of files can happen to anyone. Regular backups provide a safety net in such cases.4. Security Breaches: With cybercrime on the rise, having secure backups can help recover from ransomware attacks or other malicious activities.5. Compliance and Regulations: Many industries, especially healthcare and finance, are required by law to maintain specific records. Regular backups ensurecompliance with these regulations.Best Practices for Data Backup.1. Regular Backups: Set up automatic backups to run at regular intervals, such as daily or weekly, depending on your data's sensitivity and volume.2. Offsite Storage: Keep at least one backup copy in a physically separate location, such as a cloud storageservice or an external hard drive stored in a fireproof safe.3. Testing Restores: Regularly test your backup filesto ensure they are recoverable and up-to-date. This process, known as restore testing, helps identify any issues withthe backup process before they become critical.4. Encryption: Use encryption to protect your backup data, especially if it's stored offsite. This adds a layerof security to prevent unauthorized access.5. Limiting Access: Only grant access to backup data to authorized personnel. This minimizes the risk of accidental deletion or malicious modification.Choosing a Backup Solution.When selecting a backup solution, consider your budget, storage needs, and any specific industry requirements. Solutions range from basic external hard drives to comprehensive cloud-based backup services. Cloud-based solutions are becoming increasingly popular due to their scalability, ease of use, and offsite storage capabilities.Conclusion.Backing up important data is crucial for protecting against data loss and ensuring business continuity. It's an investment in peace of mind and can save you significant time and money in the long run. By implementing regular backups, following best practices, and choosing a suitable backup solution, you can rest assured that your vital data is safe and secure.。
空间位阻效应英语The Steric Hindrance Effect in SpaceThe concept of steric hindrance, also known as steric inhibition or steric crowding, is a fundamental principle in organic chemistry and has significant implications in the field of space exploration. This phenomenon occurs when the spatial arrangement of atoms or molecules within a chemical structure impedes or restricts the desired reaction or interaction, often due to the bulkiness or size of the substituents involved.In the context of space exploration, the steric hindrance effect plays a crucial role in the design and development of various spacecraft components, materials, and systems. The unique challenges posed by the harsh environment of space, such as extreme temperatures, radiation, and the absence of gravity, require a deep understanding of how steric effects can influence the performance and stability of these systems.One of the primary areas where steric hindrance becomes a significant consideration is in the selection and engineering of spacecraft materials. The materials used in spacecraft constructionmust be able to withstand the rigors of launch, the vacuum of space, and the various stresses encountered during mission operations. The spatial arrangement of atoms and molecules within these materials can greatly impact their mechanical properties, thermal stability, and resistance to degradation.For instance, the choice of polymers used in spacecraft insulation or structural components must take into account the steric effects that can influence their thermal expansion, flexibility, and resistance to radiation damage. The selection of lubricants and sealants for moving parts, such as hinges or joints, must also consider the steric hindrance that could affect their performance and longevity in the space environment.Another crucial application of the steric hindrance effect in space exploration is the design of spacecraft propulsion systems. The efficient and reliable operation of rocket engines, ion thrusters, or other propulsion technologies often depends on the careful management of the spatial arrangement of reactants, catalysts, or propellants within the system. Steric effects can influence the kinetics of chemical reactions, the flow dynamics of propellants, and the overall efficiency of the propulsion system.Furthermore, the steric hindrance effect plays a significant role in the development of space-based sensors and instrumentation. Thedesign of optical systems, such as telescopes or spectrometers, must account for the spatial constraints imposed by the instrument's components, including lenses, mirrors, and detectors. The arrangement of these elements can impact the system's resolution, sensitivity, and overall performance.In the field of astrochemistry, the steric hindrance effect is also relevant in the study of complex organic molecules and their formation in the interstellar medium. The spatial arrangement of atoms within these molecules can influence their stability, reactivity, and the pathways by which they are synthesized in the harsh conditions of space.To address the challenges posed by steric hindrance in space exploration, researchers and engineers employ various strategies, such as molecular modelling, computational chemistry, and advanced materials science. These tools help them to predict, analyze, and mitigate the effects of steric crowding, enabling the development of more robust and efficient spacecraft systems.In conclusion, the steric hindrance effect is a critical consideration in the design and development of spacecraft, systems, and materials for space exploration. By understanding and leveraging this fundamental principle of organic chemistry, scientists and engineers can create innovative solutions that push the boundaries of what ispossible in the exploration and utilization of the final frontier – the vast expanse of space.。
英语作文-云计算服务助力企业大数据存储与分析Cloud computing services have become indispensable tools for enterprises seeking to manage and analyze large volumes of data efficiently. The convergence of big data storage and analysis has been significantly enhanced by the capabilities offered through cloud computing. This article explores how cloud computing services empower businesses in their endeavors to handle big data.Firstly, cloud computing provides scalable and flexible storage solutions that are crucial for accommodating vast amounts of data generated by modern businesses. Unlike traditional on-premises data centers, cloud platforms offer virtually unlimited storage capacity that can expand or contract based on business needs. This scalability not only reduces the overhead costs associated with maintaining physical servers but also ensures that businesses can store and access data seamlessly, regardless of its volume.Moreover, cloud computing facilitates cost-effective data management. By outsourcing data storage and management to cloud service providers, businesses can avoid significant upfront investments in infrastructure and maintenance. Instead, they pay for the resources they use on a subscription or pay-per-use basis, which can result in substantial cost savings over time. This financial flexibility enables businesses of all sizes to leverage sophisticated data storage and analysis capabilities that were once only accessible to large enterprises with substantial IT budgets.In addition to storage, cloud computing platforms offer robust data processing and analytics tools that enable businesses to derive meaningful insights from their data. These tools include advanced algorithms for machine learning, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics, which can uncover patterns, trends, and correlations within large datasets. By harnessing these capabilities, businesses can make informed decisions, optimize operations, and gain a competitive edge in their respective industries.Furthermore, the agility provided by cloud computing accelerates the pace of innovation within enterprises. By reducing the time and effort required to deploy new applications or scale existing ones, cloud services empower businesses to respond swiftly to market changes and customer demands. This agility is particularly advantageous in dynamic industries where rapid adaptation and innovation are critical to maintaining competitiveness.Security is another paramount consideration in big data management, and cloud computing offers robust security measures to protect sensitive data. Leading cloud providers invest heavily in security protocols, encryption technologies, and compliance certifications to ensure data integrity and confidentiality. These measures help businesses mitigate risks related to data breaches, unauthorized access, and compliance violations, thereby fostering trust among customers and stakeholders.Moreover, cloud computing promotes collaboration and accessibility across geographically dispersed teams. By centralizing data storage and providing remote access to analytical tools via the internet, cloud platforms facilitate seamless collaboration among employees, partners, and stakeholders. This collaborative environment enhances productivity, fosters innovation, and enables real-time decision-making based on up-to-date data insights.In conclusion, cloud computing services play a pivotal role in empowering enterprises to effectively manage and analyze big data. By offering scalable storage solutions, cost-effective data management, advanced analytics capabilities, operational agility, robust security measures, and enhanced collaboration, cloud platforms enable businesses to harness the full potential of their data assets. As the volume and complexity of data continue to grow, the adoption of cloud computing services will likely remain a strategic imperative for enterprises seeking to thrive in a data-driven economy.Through continuous innovation and advancements in cloud technology, businesses can stay ahead of the curve and capitalize on the transformative power of big data analytics. Embracing cloud computing not only enhances operational efficiency but alsounlocks new opportunities for growth, innovation, and competitive advantage in today's digital landscape.。
关于云台摄像机英文文章含翻译Title: Cloud-based Surveillance Cameras: Revolutionizing Security MonitoringIn recent years, advancements in technology have significantly transformed the landscape of security surveillance. One notable innovation that has gained prominence is the cloud-based surveillance camera, often referred to as a "cloud camera" or "cloud-enabled camera." This cutting-edge solution combines traditional surveillance with the power of cloud computing, offering enhanced flexibility, accessibility, and scalability.Overview of Cloud-Based Surveillance CamerasCloud-based surveillance cameras leverage cloud computing infrastructure to store and process video footage. Unlike traditional surveillance systems that rely on local recording devices, cloud cameras upload the recorded data to remote servers over the internet. This approach brings several advantages to the table.Key Features and Benefits1. Remote Accessibility: One of the primary advantages of cloud cameras is the ability to access live or recorded footage remotely. Users can view video feeds and manage settings through a web browser or dedicated mobile applications, providing convenience and flexibility.2. Scalability: Cloud surveillance systems are highly scalable, allowing users to easily add or remove cameras based on their evolving needs. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for businesses and organizations with dynamic security requirements.3. Cost-Efficiency: Cloud-based solutions often eliminate the need for on-premises storage infrastructure, reducing upfront costs and maintenance expenses. Users can leverage the cloud's storage capabilities without investing in and maintaining extensive local hardware.4. Intelligent Analytics: Many cloud cameras come equipped with advanced analytics features powered by artificial intelligence. These capabilities include motion detection, facial recognition, and object tracking, enhancing the overall effectiveness of surveillance systems.Challenges and ConsiderationsWhile cloud-based surveillance cameras offer numerous advantages, there are also challenges and considerations to keep in mind. Issues such as potential privacy concerns, dependence on internet connectivity, and ongoing subscription costs should be carefully evaluated.ConclusionCloud-based surveillance cameras represent a paradigm shift in the world of security monitoring. With their remote accessibility, scalability, and advanced features, these cameras provide a comprehensive solution for individuals, businesses, and organizations seeking modern and efficient surveillance systems. As technology continues to evolve, the integration of cloud computing with surveillance cameras is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of security.标题:基于云的监控摄像头:彻底改变安全监控近年来,技术的进步极大地改变了安全监控的格局。
英语作文关于云计算Title: The Evolution and Impact of Cloud Computing。
Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of technology, revolutionizing the way individuals and organizations store, access, and process data. This paradigm shift has brought about significant advancements in efficiency, scalability, and accessibility across various sectors. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of cloud computing, exploring its evolution, functionalities, and profound impact on modern society.Firstly, it is essential to understand the concept of cloud computing. In simple terms, cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics—over the internet ("the cloud"). Instead of owning physical infrastructure or data centers, users can access resources on-demand from cloud service providers on a pay-as-you-go basis. This on-demand availability, coupled with thescalability and flexibility offered by cloud platforms, has revolutionized the way businesses operate and individuals interact with technology.The evolution of cloud computing can be traced back to the early 2000s when companies began exploring ways to outsource IT infrastructure and services to reduce costsand improve efficiency. However, it was not until the mid-2000s that cloud computing gained widespread adoption with the introduction of Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2006. AWS pioneered the concept of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), allowing businesses to rent virtual servers and storage space on a per-hour basis. This marked the beginning of a new era in computing, characterized by the democratizationof IT resources and the rise of cloud-native applications.Since then, cloud computing has continued to evolve,with major players such as Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and IBM Cloud entering the market. These cloud providers offer a comprehensive suite of services,including Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS), enabling developers to build, deploy, andmanage applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure. Moreover, advancements in virtualization, containerization, and serverless computing have further optimized resource utilization and simplified the deployment of complex applications.One of the key advantages of cloud computing is its scalability. Unlike traditional on-premises infrastructure, which requires upfront investment in hardware and software, cloud services allow organizations to scale resources up or down based on demand. This elasticity not only reducescosts but also ensures optimal performance during peakusage periods. Furthermore, cloud computing facilitatesrapid innovation by providing developers with access to cutting-edge tools and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics.In addition to scalability and innovation, cloud computing offers enhanced reliability and security. Cloud providers invest heavily in robust infrastructure and employ sophisticated security measures to protect data from unauthorized access, data breaches, and other cyber threats.Furthermore, cloud-based backups and disaster recovery solutions ensure business continuity and mitigate the risk of data loss due to hardware failures or natural disasters.From a societal perspective, cloud computing has democratized access to technology, leveling the playing field for startups, small businesses, and aspiring entrepreneurs. By eliminating the need for substantial upfront investment in IT infrastructure, cloud services enable organizations of all sizes to compete on a global scale. Moreover, the scalability and accessibility of cloud platforms have facilitated the proliferation of remote work and collaboration, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.In conclusion, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift in the way we harness the power of technology. Its evolution from a niche concept to a ubiquitous computing model has transformed industries, empowered individuals, and driven innovation on a global scale. As we continue to embrace the cloud-first mentality, it is imperative torecognize its potential and adapt to the ever-changing landscape of technology.。
关于云盘的优缺点英语作文演讲Cloud Storage: Weighing the Pros and ConsThe advent of cloud storage has revolutionized the way we store, access, and share our digital data. As technology continues to evolve, the use of cloud-based platforms has become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. From personal files to business-critical information, the cloud has become an integral part of our digital landscape. However, like any technological advancement, cloud storage comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this essay, we will explore the pros and cons of cloud storage, providing a comprehensive understanding of this transformative technology.One of the primary advantages of cloud storage is its convenience and accessibility. With cloud-based platforms, users can access their files from any device with an internet connection, regardless of their physical location. This flexibility allows individuals and businesses to stay connected and productive, regardless of where they are. Whether you need to access a crucial document on the go or collaborate with team members across the globe, cloud storage simplifies the process, enabling seamless file management and sharing.Another significant benefit of cloud storage is its scalability. Traditional storage solutions often require users to anticipate their storage needs and invest in hardware accordingly. However, cloud storage providers offer the ability to scale storage capacity up or down, depending on the user's evolving requirements. This scalability allows businesses to adapt to changing data needs without the need for costly hardware upgrades or the risk of running out of storage space. As a result, cloud storage can provide a more cost-effective and efficient solution for organizations of all sizes.Furthermore, cloud storage offers enhanced data backup and disaster recovery capabilities. With regular and automatic backups, users can rest assured that their data is safe and secure, even in the event of a hardware failure or natural disaster. This level of data protection can be particularly valuable for businesses, where the loss of critical information can have severe consequences. Cloud storage providers often have robust security measures in place, including encryption and access controls, to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of stored data.While cloud storage offers numerous advantages, it is also important to consider the potential drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the issue of data privacy and security. When data is stored in the cloud, it is potentially accessible to the cloud service provider and, insome cases, government agencies or other third parties. This raises concerns about the protection of sensitive information, such as personal or financial data. Users must carefully review the privacy policies and security measures of their cloud storage providers to ensure that their data is adequately protected.Another potential disadvantage of cloud storage is the reliance on internet connectivity. Since cloud-based platforms require an internet connection to access and retrieve data, users may experience disruptions or delays in accessing their files if their internet connection is slow or unreliable. This can be particularly problematic for individuals or businesses that rely on constant access to their data, such as those in remote or rural areas with limited internet infrastructure.Additionally, the cost of cloud storage can be a concern, especially for individuals or small businesses with limited budgets. While cloud storage providers often offer competitive pricing, the ongoing subscription fees and potential for data overage charges can add up over time. Users must carefully evaluate their storage needs and compare the costs of cloud storage with traditional on-premises storage solutions to determine the most cost-effective option for their specific requirements.In conclusion, cloud storage is a technology that has bothadvantages and disadvantages. While it offers convenience, scalability, and enhanced data protection, it also raises concerns about privacy, security, and reliance on internet connectivity. As with any technological decision, users must carefully weigh the pros and cons to determine the most suitable cloud storage solution for their individual or organizational needs. By understanding the potential benefits and drawbacks, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions and leverage the power of cloud storage to optimize their digital workflows and data management strategies.。
黄冈市人民政府关于颁授黄冈市第十届自然科学优秀学术论文的通报正文:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------黄冈市人民政府关于颁授黄冈市第十届自然科学优秀学术论文的通报各县、市、区人民政府,龙感湖管理区、黄冈高新区管委会、黄冈白潭湖片区筹委会、白莲河示范区管委会,市直各单位:近年来,全市广大科技工作者潜心钻研,大胆创新,取得了一批自然科学成果及优秀学术论文。
为进一步营造崇尚科学、尊重知识、尊重人才、鼓励创造的科学文化氛围,鼓励全市科技工作者不断加强学术创新,更好地服务于黄冈市高质量发展,经各县(市、区)科协、市直各有关单位推荐、初评,经黄冈市第十届自然科学优秀学术论文评审委员会评审确定,并经公示无异议,市政府同意颁授万柳撰写的《Nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchically porous carbon from rape pollen as high-performance supercapacitor electrode》、万美南撰写的《Observation of reduced phase transition temperature in N-doped thermochromic film of monoclinic VO2 》、丁秀娟撰写的《超声引导下置入PICC导管异位的原理分析及护理体会》等250 篇论文为黄冈市第十届自然科学优秀学术论文。
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Cloud computing is a revolutionary concept in the field of information technology that has transformed the way we store,process,and manage data.It refers to the delivery of computing services,such as servers,storage,databases,networking,software, analytics,and intelligence,over the internet the cloud to offer faster innovation,flexible resources,and economies of scale.The Evolution of Cloud ComputingThe concept of cloud computing has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Initially,it was a mere idea of accessing computing resources remotely.However,with advancements in technology and the internet,it has become a reality where businesses and individuals can access a vast array of computing services without the need for physical infrastructure.Advantages of Cloud Computing1.Cost Efficiency:One of the most significant benefits of cloud computing is the reduction in upfront costs.Instead of investing in expensive hardware,businesses can opt for cloud services on a payasyougo basis,which can be scaled up or down according to their needs.2.Scalability:Cloud services can be easily scaled to accommodate fluctuating workloads. This flexibility allows businesses to grow without the need for significant capital outlay for additional infrastructure.3.Accessibility:With cloud computing,data and applications are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection.This mobility is particularly beneficial for remote workers and global teams.4.Reliability and Redundancy:Cloud providers typically offer robust security measures and data redundancy,ensuring that data is backed up and protected against loss.5.Innovation:The cloud allows businesses to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure.By outsourcing their computing needs,companies can concentrate on developing new products and services.Types of Cloud Computing1.Public Cloud:Services are provided over the public internet and are available to anyone who wants to use them.Examples include Amazon Web Services AWS,Microsoft Azure,and Google Cloud Platform.2.Private Cloud:A private cloud is used by a single organization and may be managed by the organization itself or a third party.It offers more control over the environment.3.Hybrid Cloud:This combines elements of both public and private clouds,allowing data and applications to move between them.munity Cloud:Shared by several organizations with common concerns,such as security,compliance,and policy.Challenges of Cloud ComputingDespite its numerous benefits,cloud computing also presents some challenges:1.Security Concerns:With data stored offsite,there are concerns about data breaches and unauthorized access.2.Dependency on Internet:Cloud computing relies on a stable and fast internet connection.Any disruption can lead to significant downtime.pliance and Legal Issues:Data stored in the cloud may be subject to different legal jurisdictions,which can complicate compliance with data protection laws.4.Vendor Lockin:Some cloud providers use proprietary technologies,making it difficult for businesses to switch providers without significant reconfiguration.Future of Cloud ComputingAs technology continues to advance,the future of cloud computing looks promising.We can expect further integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance the efficiency and capabilities of cloud services.Additionally,the rise of edge computing may complement cloud computing by processing data closer to the source,reducing latency and improving performance.In conclusion,cloud computing has become an integral part of modern computing, offering businesses and individuals a flexible,costeffective,and scalable solution for their computing needs.As we move forward,the cloud will continue to evolve,offering even more opportunities for innovation and growth.。
英语作文-云计算服务助力企业数据备份与恢复Cloud computing services have revolutionized the landscape of data backup and recovery for businesses. In today's interconnected and data-driven world, the importance of reliable and efficient backup solutions cannot be overstated. Cloud computing offers a robust framework that leverages remote servers to store and manage data, providing businesses with scalable and secure options for their backup and recovery needs.One of the primary advantages of cloud-based backup solutions is their flexibility. Unlike traditional methods that often involve physical storage devices susceptible to damage or loss, cloud computing allows data to be stored virtually. This means businesses can easily scale their storage needs up or down without the constraints of physical hardware. Moreover, the accessibility of cloud services ensures that data can be backed up and restored from anywhere with an internet connection, offering unparalleled convenience and reducing dependency on localized infrastructure.Security is another critical aspect where cloud services excel. Leading providers implement robust encryption protocols and adhere to stringent security standards, safeguarding data against unauthorized access and cyber threats. This level of security is often superior to what many businesses can achieve with in-house solutions, where maintaining and updating security measures can be resource-intensive and prone to human error.Furthermore, the reliability of cloud-based backup solutions minimizes the risk of data loss. Cloud service providers typically offer redundant storage across multiple geographically dispersed data centers. This redundancy ensures data availability even in the event of hardware failures or natural disasters, providing businesses with peace of mind regarding their critical data assets.Cost-effectiveness is a significant driver for businesses adopting cloud backup solutions. Traditional backup methods involve significant upfront investment in hardware,maintenance, and personnel. In contrast, cloud services operate on a subscription or pay-as-you-go model, allowing businesses to align costs with actual usage and avoid over-provisioning. This scalability and cost predictability make cloud-based solutions particularly attractive for businesses of all sizes, from startups to large enterprises.Moreover, the automation capabilities inherent in cloud computing streamline the backup and recovery processes. Scheduled backups, incremental backups, and automated testing of recovery procedures reduce the manual effort required from IT teams, freeing them to focus on more strategic initiatives. This efficiency not only enhances productivity but also improves the speed and reliability of data restoration, minimizing downtime during critical incidents.The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning further enhances the capabilities of cloud backup solutions. These technologies can analyze patterns in data usage and access, detect anomalies indicative of potential threats, and preemptively mitigate risks. By continuously learning and adapting, AI-driven solutions bolster the resilience of data backup strategies, ensuring data integrity and availability in dynamic business environments.In conclusion, cloud computing services represent a paradigm shift in data backup and recovery for businesses. By offering flexibility, security, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and advanced automation capabilities, cloud-based solutions empower businesses to safeguard their data assets effectively. As organizations increasingly embrace digital transformation, leveraging cloud services for backup and recovery is not just a strategic advantage but a necessity in maintaining operational continuity and competitiveness in today's digital economy.。
介绍云计算的英语作文Cloud computing, as a revolutionary technology, has brought significant changes to the way we store, access,and process data. It has become an integral part of ourdaily lives, impacting various industries and sectors. In this essay, we will explore the concept of cloud computing, its benefits, and its implications for the future.Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage, servers, databases, networking, software, and analytics, over the internet. Instead of owning physical hardware and software, users can access these resources on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloudservice provider. This model offers several advantages,such as scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. With cloud computing, businesses can quickly scale their infrastructure to meet changing demands, access resources from anywhere with an internet connection, and reducecapital expenses by paying only for the resources they use.One of the key benefits of cloud computing is itsability to drive innovation and digital transformation. By leveraging cloud services, organizations can experimentwith new ideas, develop and deploy applications faster, and improve collaboration among teams. This has led to the emergence of new business models and the creation of innovative solutions that have disrupted traditional industries. For example, cloud computing has enabled therise of Software as a Service (SaaS) companies, whichdeliver software applications over the internet,eliminating the need for on-premises installation and maintenance.Furthermore, cloud computing has had a profound impact on data storage and management. With the proliferation of data in today's digital age, organizations are increasingly turning to cloud storage solutions to handle large volumesof data. Cloud storage offers high availability, durability, and security, making it an attractive option for businesses seeking to safeguard their data. Moreover, cloud-based data analytics tools have enabled organizations to derive valuable insights from their data, leading to informeddecision-making and improved business outcomes.In addition to its business applications, cloud computing has also transformed the way individuals consume and interact with technology. Cloud-based services such as streaming media, social networking, and online gaming have become an integral part of our digital experiences. These services rely on the scalability and reliability of cloud infrastructure to deliver seamless and immersive user experiences. As a result, cloud computing has become an enabler of digital entertainment, social connectivity, and online collaboration.Looking ahead, the future of cloud computing holds even greater potential. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see further innovations in cloud services, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and edge computing. These developments willenable more intelligent and autonomous applications, aswell as the processing of data closer to the source,leading to lower latency and improved performance. Moreover, the ongoing expansion of cloud infrastructure and theadoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies will provide organizations with greater flexibility and resilience in managing their IT resources.In conclusion, cloud computing has transformed the way we store, access, and process data, driving innovation, and digital transformation across industries. Its scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness have made it a compelling choice for businesses and individuals alike. As we look to the future, the continued evolution of cloud computing will bring about new opportunities and challenges, shaping the way we interact with technology and the digital world.。
云解决了什么问题英语作文Title: The Evolution of Cloud Computing: Addressing Contemporary Challenges。
Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative forcein the realm of technology, revolutionizing the way businesses and individuals interact with data and applications. Since its inception, it has addressed amyriad of challenges across various sectors, ranging from enterprise operations to personal convenience. This essay delves into the multifaceted contributions of cloud computing in solving contemporary issues.Firstly, cloud computing has effectively tackled the challenge of scalability. In traditional IT infrastructures, scaling up or down often involves significant capital investment and time-consuming processes. However, with the advent of cloud services, organizations can dynamically adjust their computing resources based on demand. Whetherit's a sudden spike in website traffic or the need foradditional storage capacity, cloud platforms offer elasticity, ensuring that businesses can scale effortlessly without worrying about infrastructure limitations.Moreover, cloud computing has greatly enhanced data accessibility and collaboration. In the past, sharing large files or collaborating on documents posed logistical hurdles, especially for geographically dispersed teams. Cloud-based storage and collaboration tools have streamlined this process, allowing individuals to access, edit, and share files in real-time from any location with an internet connection. This level of flexibility has bolstered productivity and teamwork, empowering organizations to operate seamlessly in a globalized landscape.Furthermore, cloud computing has played a pivotal role in disaster recovery and business continuity planning. Traditional backup methods often involve storing data on-site, leaving organizations vulnerable to physical damage or theft. Cloud-based backup solutions offer off-site redundancy, ensuring that data remains secure andaccessible even in the event of a disaster. Additionally, cloud platforms enable rapid recovery times, minimizing downtime and mitigating financial losses for businesses.Another area where cloud computing has made significant strides is in cost optimization. Building and maintaining on-premises infrastructure can be prohibitively expensive, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. Cloud services operate on a pay-as-you-go model, eliminating the need for upfront capital investment and allowing organizations to align their IT expenses with their actual usage. This cost-effective approach democratizes access to advanced computing resources, leveling the playing fieldfor businesses of all sizes.Furthermore, cloud computing has catalyzed innovation by democratizing access to advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Cloud providers offer AI and ML tools as managed services, enabling developers to integrate cognitive capabilitiesinto their applications without the need for specialized expertise. This democratization of AI fostersexperimentation and accelerates the pace of innovation across industries, from healthcare to finance.In addition to these benefits, cloud computing has also addressed environmental concerns by promoting resource efficiency and sustainability. By consolidating computing resources in data centers and optimizing energy consumption, cloud providers can achieve economies of scale and reduce carbon emissions compared to traditional IT infrastructures. Furthermore, cloud-based solutions facilitate remote work and telecommuting, reducing the carbon footprint associated with daily commutes and office operations.In conclusion, cloud computing has emerged as a cornerstone of modern technology, offering solutions to a diverse array of challenges faced by businesses and individuals alike. From scalability and data accessibilityto disaster recovery and cost optimization, the impact of cloud computing reverberates across every facet of ourdigital ecosystem. As we continue to embrace innovation and harness the power of the cloud, its transformativepotential will continue to shape the future of technology and society.。
Cloud computing is a transformative technology that has revolutionized the way we access and utilize computing resources.It refers to the delivery of computing services, including storage,processing power,databases,networking,software,and analytics,over the internet.Heres a detailed look at the various aspects of cloud computing:1.Definition and Concept:Cloud computing is a model for delivering various services that are typically provided by data centers over the internet.It enables businesses and individuals to access and use these services on a payasyougo basis without the need for significant upfront investment in hardware or software.2.Types of Cloud Computing:Public Cloud:Services are offered over the public internet by thirdparty providers who own and operate the cloud infrastructure.Private Cloud:A dedicated environment for a single organization,providing greater control over security and customization.Hybrid Cloud:A combination of public and private clouds,allowing for the best of both worlds in terms of flexibility and control.Community Cloud:Shared by several organizations with common concerns,such as security,policy,and compliance considerations.3.Service Models:Infrastructure as a Service IaaS:Offers virtualized computing resources over the internet.Platform as a Service PaaS:Provides a platform allowing customers to develop,run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.Software as a Service SaaS:Delivers software applications over the internet,managed and hosted by the provider.4.Benefits of Cloud Computing:Cost Efficiency:Reduces the need for capital expenditure on hardware and software. Scalability:Allows businesses to scale resources up or down according to demand. Flexibility:Provides the ability to access applications and data from anywhere with an internet connection.Reliability:Cloud providers typically offer high levels of reliability and uptime.5.Challenges of Cloud Computing:Security Concerns:Data breaches and cyberattacks are a significant concern, especially for sensitive information.Compliance:Ensuring that cloud services meet regulatory requirements can bechallenging.Data Privacy:Concerns about where data is stored and who has access to it. Interoperability:Challenges in integrating cloud services with existing systems.6.Cloud Adoption in Various Industries:Healthcare:Cloud computing enables secure storage and sharing of patient data. Finance:Banks and financial institutions use cloud services for data analytics and risk management.Retail:Ecommerce platforms leverage cloud computing for inventory management and customer relationship management.7.Future of Cloud Computing:Edge Computing:Processing data closer to the source to reduce latency.Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:Integration of AI and ML in cloud services to offer advanced analytics and automation.Hybrid MultiCloud:Organizations will likely use multiple cloud services to optimize costs and performance.8.Ethical Considerations:The use of cloud computing must be balanced with ethical considerations,such as data privacy and the digital divide.9.Conclusion:Cloud computing has become an integral part of the digital landscape,offering numerous benefits but also presenting challenges that need to be addressed.As technology continues to evolve,the cloud will play an even more significant role in shaping the future of computing and data management.。
介绍云盘英语作文结尾【中英文实用版】{z}Title: Introduction to Cloud StorageCloud storage has become an integral part of our daily lives, providing us with a convenient and accessible way to store and manage our data.In this essay, we will explore the concept of cloud storage, its benefits, and its impact on society.Cloud storage refers to the practice of storing data on remote servers accessed via the internet.This allows users to access their files from any device with an internet connection, eliminating the need for physical storage devices such as hard drives or USB flash drives.Cloud storage providers offer various plans and services to meet the needs of different users, from individual consumers to large businesses.One of the key benefits of cloud storage is its convenience and accessibility.With cloud storage, users can easily store, retrieve, and share their files with others.They can also collaborate on documents in real-time, making it easier to work with others on projects or assignments.Additionally, cloud storage allows users to access their files from anywhere, whether they are at home, in the office, or on the go, as long as they have an internet connection.Another important benefit of cloud storage is its ers can easily increase or decrease their storage space as needed, without theneed to purchase additional physical storage devices.This makes cloud storage a cost-effective solution for businesses and individuals alike.In addition to its convenience and scalability, cloud storage also offers several security features.Many cloud storage providers offer encryption to protect users" data from unauthorized access.They also implement robust security measures to prevent data loss or corruption.Furthermore, cloud storage can help protect against natural disasters or hardware failures that could damage or destroy physical storage devices.Despite these benefits, there are also some potential drawbacks to using cloud storage.For example, users may be concerned about the privacy and security of their data, especially if it contains sensitive or personal information.Additionally, reliance on cloud storage may lead to dependency on internet connectivity, which can be a limitation in areas with poor or limited internet access.In conclusion, cloud storage has revolutionized the way we store and manage our data.Its convenience, accessibility, scalability, and security features have made it an essential tool for individuals and businesses alike.However, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks and ensure that proper security measures are in place to protect sensitive information.As cloud storage continues to evolve and improve, it is likely to play an even greater role in our digital lives in the future.。
使用云盘的利与弊英语作文With the development of technology, cloud storage has become increasingly popular among people. It allows users to store and access their files and data on remote servers, rather than on physical devices such as hard drives or USB sticks. In this essay, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud storage.Firstly, one of the biggest advantages of using cloud storage is convenience. Users can access their files from any device with an internet connection, making it easy to work on documents or share files with others no matter where they are. This is especially useful for people who work remotely or travel frequently. Additionally, cloud storage allows for easy collaboration on projects, as multiple users can access and edit the same files simultaneously.Another benefit of cloud storage is security. Cloud storage providers typically have advanced security measuresin place to protect users' data, such as encryption andmulti-factor authentication. This can help prevent dataloss in the event of a hardware failure or theft, as wellas protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.Furthermore, cloud storage is cost-effective for both individuals and businesses. Users only pay for the storage space they need, and can easily upgrade or downgrade their storage plan as their needs change. This eliminates theneed to invest in expensive hardware or software forstoring and backing up data.Despite these advantages, there are also some drawbacks to using cloud storage. One of the main concerns is privacy. Users may be hesitant to store sensitive or confidential information on remote servers, as there is always a risk of data breaches or hacking. Additionally, some cloud storage providers may have terms and conditions that allow them to access or use users' data for marketing or other purposes.Another disadvantage of cloud storage is the potential for service outages or downtime. If the cloud storageprovider's servers go down, users may not be able to access their files until the issue is resolved. This can be frustrating for users who rely on cloud storage for their work or personal needs.In conclusion, cloud storage offers many benefits, such as convenience, security, and cost-effectiveness. However, users should also be aware of the potential risks, such as privacy concerns and service outages. By weighing the pros and cons of cloud storage, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions about whether or not to use this technology.。
云盘备份的利与弊英语作文Title: Pros and Cons of Cloud Backup。
In today's digital age, where information is the cornerstone of our daily lives, the importance of data backup cannot be overstated. Cloud backup, a relatively modern solution, has gained widespread popularity due toits convenience and accessibility. However, like any technological innovation, it comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages.One of the primary benefits of cloud backup is its convenience. With cloud storage services such as Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive, users can easily upload their data to remote servers with just a few clicks. This eliminates the need for physical storage devices like external hard drives or USB flash drives, which can be easily lost or damaged. Additionally, cloud backup allows for automatic and scheduled backups, ensuring that data is constantly protected without requiring manual intervention.Another advantage of cloud backup is its accessibility. Since the data is stored remotely on servers maintained by the service provider, it can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. This means that users can retrieve their data anytime, anywhere, making it ideal for remote work or collaboration among team members located in different geographical locations. Furthermore, cloud storage services often offer mobile apps, allowing users to access their data even from smartphones or tablets.Moreover, cloud backup provides an extra layer of security for data. Most reputable cloud storage providers implement advanced encryption techniques to protect user data from unauthorized access. Additionally, since the data is stored off-site, it is less vulnerable to physical threats such as theft, fire, or natural disasters that could destroy local storage devices.Despite its many advantages, cloud backup also has its drawbacks. One of the main concerns is data privacy and security. While reputable cloud storage providers employrobust security measures, there is still a risk of data breaches or unauthorized access. In recent years, there have been several high-profile data breaches involving cloud storage services, raising concerns about the safety of sensitive information stored in the cloud.Another disadvantage of cloud backup is the potential for downtime. Since cloud storage relies on internet connectivity, users may experience interruptions in service if there are issues with the provider's servers or network infrastructure. This can be particularly problematic for businesses that rely heavily on access to their data for day-to-day operations.Furthermore, there is often a cost associated with cloud backup services. While many providers offer free storage up to a certain limit, users may need to pay for additional storage space or premium features. For businesses with large amounts of data, the cost of cloud backup can add up over time, making it less cost-effective compared to traditional backup solutions.In conclusion, cloud backup offers many advantages, including convenience, accessibility, and enhanced security. However, it also has its drawbacks, such as concerns about data privacy, downtime, and cost. Ultimately, the decisionto use cloud backup should be based on the specific needs and requirements of the user or organization, weighing the benefits against the potential risks.。
/InternationalFood Science and Technology/content/14/1/105The online version of this article can be found at:DOI: 10.1177/10820132080901762008 14: 105Food Science and Technology International Guang-Yuan Zhao, Wei Zong and Guang-Jie AnEffect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple JuicePublished by: On behalf of:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spanish Council for Scientific Research) can be found at:Food Science and Technology International Additional services and information for/cgi/alerts Email Alerts:/subscriptions Subscriptions: /journalsReprints.nav Reprints:/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions:/content/14/1/105.refs.html Citations:What is This?- Apr 22, 2008Version of Record >>Effect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple Juice Guang-Yuan Zhao,*Wei Zong and Guang-Jie AnSchool of Food and Biological Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry5Dongfeng Road,Zhengzhou,Henan450002,ChinaCloud stability of particles in cloudy apple juice during its storage for120days at4,22and40 C is conducted.The juices are added with or without ascorbic acid.The cloud stability of juices during storage is studied by optical microscopy,electron microscopy and size distribution analysis of suspending particles combined with a polyphenols component analysis by high performance liquid chromatography.At the beginning of storage,the turbidity of juice added with or without ascorbic acid decreased quickly because particles of larger size in juices aggregated and deposited,and since there are less larger particles at the upper portion of the bottles,the depositing speed of particles decreases.The loss of total phenolic compounds,epicatechin,chlorogenic acid and tannin increases with the increase of temperature and storage time.The polyphenols degraded quickly during the initial period of storage and then it slowed down.The addition of ascorbic acid to the juice can inhibit the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds to avoid the formation of new small insoluble particles during the storage,and the efficacy of inhibiting between adding0.024%or0.006%(w/w)ascorbic acid is not remarkably different.Key Words:cloudy apple juice,turbidity,viscosity,polyphenols,cloud stabilityINTRODUCTIONOwing to its higher sensory and nutritional properties, the naturally cloudy apple juice has a considerable market potential(Beveridge,1997).The main quality criteria in cloudy fruit juices are the stability and inten-sity of cloud particles which provide turbidity,flavour and aroma(Genovese et al.1997;Baker and Cameron, 1999).The cloud stability of particles in cloudy juice was affected by the size of particles,the viscosity of juice and the electrostatic repulsion between the particles (Genovese and Lozano,2006).The cloud of naturally cloudy apple juice consists of negatively charged,partly demethoxylated pectin wrap-ping around a core of positively charged protein and the cloud was formed when the juice was extracted from apples.As the protein and polyphenols could form a protein–polyphenols complex,therefore,the main components responsible for the cloud are proteins, pectin and polyphenols.In cloudy apple juice,the interaction between proteins and polyphenols compounds can have an effect on cloud stability by forming a protein–polyphenols complex to increase the size of particles(Hoon and Johan,1987; Siebert et al.,1996a,b).The o-dihydroxyphenolic groups in polyphenols and keto-imide groups in polypeptides are thought to be the primary sites for interaction (McMurrough et al.1999).In addition,a more specific hydrophobic bonding has been proposed between the aromatic rings of polyphenols and the hydrophobic proline residues in proteins(McMurrough et al.,1999). Non-tannin flavans,such as catechin and epicatechin may associate on the protein surface,increasing the hydrophobic surface area which promotes flocculation and precipitation.The condensation of oxidised phenolic compounds also contributes to the growth of particles in cloudy apple juice.Especially procyanidins oxidised by poly-phenol oxidase(PPO)form tiny insoluble droplets which coalesce into a very dispersed population of larger droplets(Beveridge,1999a).Condensation of oxidised phenolic compounds caused the formation of a haze in the clarified apple juice during the storage period (Beveridge et al.,1997).Electrostatic repulsion provided by the negative charges present in the partly demethy-lated pectin by galacturonic acid residues(Beveridge, 1999b)also contributed to the stability of suspensions of hydrated cloud particles.However,if methoxy content*To whom correspondence should be sent(e-mail:guangyuan-zhao@).Received23February2007;revised11April2007. Food Sci Tech Int2008;14(1):105–113ßSAGE Publications2008Los Angeles,London,New Delhi and Singapore ISSN:1082-0132DOI:10.1177/1082013208090176of pectic compounds dropped below a critical level because of the action of pectin methylesterase(PME)in apples,the system is not stable(Castaldo et al.,1989; King,1990;Genovese et al.,1997).The low methoxy pectic compounds form insoluble pectates with divalent ions,such as Ca2þand cause the growth of particles (Javeri and Wicker,1991;Baker and Cameron,1999). In addition,the low methoxy pectic-compounds become substrates of polygalacturonases(Marangoni et al., 1995).These enzymes catalyse the depolymerisation of pectic compounds and may cause the reduction of juice viscosity which is effective on cloud stability(Stoforos and Reid,1992;Tantchev et al.1993).Genovese et al.(1997)reported that steam heating during crushing could not only inactivate the PPO in apple to maintain the juice’s natural color and sensory properties but also produced natural juices with good cloud stability.In addition,they found that particles in freshly pressed cloudy apple juice were3m m but after 15min of centrifugation at4200Âg,almost all particles had a diameter of1m m,and the cloud could be consi-dered stable.Unfortunately,when the haze formation and factors affecting their formation in the system were investigated, a lot of studies(Siebert et al.,1996a;Beveridge, 1999a,b)were focused on the clarified apple juice or modelled systems and there were only a few studies which focused on the cloud stability of cloudy apple juice during its storage.The objective of the present work was to investigate the change of turbidity,viscosity and the content of polyphenols of cloudy apple juice with and without ascorbic acid added during its storage,and analyse the influence of ascorbic acid on the cloud and stability of the juice.MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterialsApples(Fuji variety)were purchased from the market.Polyphenols standards[(þ)catechin,chlorogenic acid, epicatechin,rutin,phlorizin and quercetin]and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furaldehyde(5-HMF)were pur-chased from Sigma Chemical Co.All other reagents used were of analytical grade.MethodsJuice Processing and StoringA special apparatus designed by the working group was used to crush apple,which had a cooling coat outside and a cooling coil inside to cool purees as quickly as possible.Once apples with peel(10kg) were crushed,the purees were heated by introducing hot steam at95 C for80s.It was then centrifuged after cooling.The soluble solid content(SS)of purees was 10.3 Brix.The residue was discarded and the juice was centrifuged again(3000rpm for20min).Then the juice was collected and0.006or0.024%(w/w)ascorbic acid (VC)was added,degassed and filled into150mL glass bottles.After being covered,the bottles were heated in 100 C boiling water for8min and then cooled.Control was the same batch,but without ascorbic acid added. The juice and the control were stored at4,22,and40 C for120days and samples were taken out at intervals to be assayed.Turbidity MeasurementsDuring the storage,aliquots(5–7mL)of the stored juice were drawn from the upper portion of the bottles at different intervals.The turbidity of the juice was determined in a1cm path cuvette cell as absorbance at 660nm,Abs660(Randall et al.,1997;Yemenicioglu et al., 2000)with a spectrophotometer(Model FGC-S,Nice Science Instrument Ltd,Shanghai).Viscosity MeasurementsDuring the storage,aliquots(6–8mL)of the stored juice were drawn from the upper portion of the bottles at different intervals and the viscosity was determined. The viscosity of the juice was determined with an Ostwald viscosimeter.Size Distribution of SuspendingParticles MeasurementsDuring the storage,aliquots(20–30mL)of the stored juice were drawn from the upper portion of the bottles at different intervals and the size distribution of particles were determined.The size distribution of suspending particles was measured with the Mastersizer(Model 2000,Malvern,England).The mean diameter is the sum of all diameters divided by the number of samples. Transmission Electron MicroscopyAliquots(0.2mL)of the stored juice were taken from the upper portion of the bottles after120days storage and1drop was placed on the grid and allowed to stand for5min.Excess sample was touched off to a filter paper and the remaining sample was stained with1drop of saturated uranyl acetate for1min and excess stain was touched off to a filter paper.The stained grids were allowed to air dry at least15min before examination in a H-700transmission electron microscope(TEM).106G.-Y.Z HAO ET AL.Scanning Electron MicroscopyAliquots(5mL)of the stored juice were drawn from the upper portion of the bottles after120days storage. The juice was fixed with2.5%glutaraldehyde at4 C and then washed for some time using0.1M phosphate buffer.The samples were fixed with1%osmium tetra-sulphide and washed for some time using0.1M phosphate buffer.The cleaned samples were dehydrated with alcohol of30,50,70,90,and100%in turn and then put in isoamyl acetate solution,critical-point-dried. The dried lobes were sputtered with gold for5min and were examined with the QUANTA-200scanning elec-tron microscope(SEM,FEI Company).Phenolic Compounds AssayDuring the storage,aliquots(10mL)of the stored juice were drawn from the upper portion of the bottles at different intervals and were mixed with15mL methanol for5min.The extract was filtered through filter paper and the solution was analysed for phenolic compounds content.Total phenolic compounds were analysed according to the method described by Ough and Amerine(1988).Tannin was analysed using the vanillin-HCl assay (Broadhurst and Jones,1978).The standard curve was established using(þ)catechin.Measurements were made at500nm using a spectrophotometer(Model FGC-S, Nice Science Instrument Ltd,Shanghai)and are expressed as catechin equivalents.HPLC Analysis of Specific PolyphenolsPhenolic composition of the juice from the upper portion of the bottles at different intervals was deter-mined using a modified procedure of the HPLC tech-nique described by Bengoechea et al.(1997).For this study,only the samples stored at22 C were studied. The juice(15mL)was homogenised in15mL of methanol/hydrochloric acid(1000:1,v/v)with a blender (1min).Methanol was evaporated under vacuum,and the residue was re-dissolved in25mL of water/ethanol (80:20,v/v)and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (25mL).The organic fractions were combined,dried for30min with anhydrous sodium sulphate,filtered through a filter,and evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator,always keeping the bath temperature under 35 C.The residue was re-dissolved in2mL of methanol/water(50:50)and filtered through0.45m m filter.Aliquots(10m L)of the extract were directly injected onto a Phenomenex Jupiter C-18column (100Â4.6mm)for HPLC analysis using solvent A and B as an eluting buffer.Solvent A was water/acetic acid (98:2v/v),and solvent B was water/acetonitrile/acetic acid(78:20:2v/v/v).The concentration of solvent A decreased from100to20%over a47min period,using a flow rate of1.0mL/min;then it rapidly changed to10% in2min,and was kept under these conditions for 60min.The polyphenols were monitored with a diode array UV detector at280nm.A solution containing 2.5-HMF,catechin,chlorogenic acid,epicatechin,rutin, phlorizin and quercetin was used as standard. The standard curve was established using epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and5-HMF respectively for determin-ing the polyphenolic content of them in the juice. Relative Degree of Polymerisation Assayfor ProanthocyanidinsThe relative degree of polymerisation assay for proanthocyanidins was analysed according to the method described by Butler(1982).Sample preparation was made as described in the procedure of polyphenolic compounds assay.The relative degree of polymerisation for proanthocyanidins was defined as the ratio of absor-bance in the vanillin assay(using glacial acetic acid as the solvent)to the absorbance in the anthocyanidins formation assay.Statistical AnalysisData were analysed using the Statistical Analysis System(SAS Institute,Cary,NC,USA)by the analysis of variance(ANOVA).Experiments were replicated three times and data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test(P0.05). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTurbidity and ViscosityDuring the storage period of120days,some bottles were taken out of the cultured box and some juice was drawn from the upper portion of the bottles and assayed directly or assayed after being centrifuged.Since the turbidity of the juice with0.024and0.006%(w/w) ascorbic acid was not significantly different(P50.05), only the turbidity of the juice with0.006%(w/w) ascorbic acid is displayed in Figure 1.The centri-fugation conditions(4200Âg,15min)were according to Genovese et al.(1997)and some unstable particles with a larger size were removed from the juice.Without considering the juice stored at40 C,the turbidity of juices decreased with prolonged storage time,and it decreased quickly during the initial period of storage and then slowed down.At the beginning of storage,the turbidity of juices decreased quickly because the particles of larger size in the juices collided, aggregated and settled,so the larger particles at the upper portion of the bottle decreased,and theEffect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple Juice107depositing speed of particles diminished.On the other hand,the formation of some new particle small enough in size also contributed to slow down the speed.However,within the juices stored at 40 C,the degree of oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds was the most acute compared with other juices stored below 40 C.As a result,more insoluble pigments were formed in the juice stored at 40 C and juice turbidity reached the highest value after 120days storage.The turbidity of centrifuged juices increased during the initial period of storage,then decreased and then remained constant.Owing to the fact that some larger particles were removed by centrifuging,one could not find out a decrease in turbidity of the juice.But as time went on,with the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds,some new small size particlesformed and the turbidity of the juice increased.The new small size particles collided,aggregated and increased their size.Hence they could be removed by centrifuging (4200Âg for 15min)and the turbidity decreased.Especially at the end of the storage of 120days,the turbidity of the juice stored at 40and 4 C was higher compared with that of the juice stored at 22 C.As the viscosity of the juice stored at 4 C was the highest (Figure 2),the growth and deposition of particles in it was slower.Though the viscosity of the juice stored at 40 C was the lowest (Figure 2),the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds in it was most acute and more small pigments were formed,so the turbidity of it was the highest.Since it was found that soluble pectin increased the juice viscosity significantly (Genovese and Lozano,2000)and that adding VC could not affect the content of soluble pectin during the storage (results not shown),the viscosity of juice with or without VC added stored at the same temperature was not significantly different (P 50.05).As to every time point,especially at the end of the storage of 120days,the turbidity of the juice with added VC was greater than that of the control.Since VC could protect phenolic compounds from being oxidised and polymerised,less pigments were formed in the juice with added VC than in the control and this led to a lower turbidity of the juice with added VC.When particles in cloudy apple juice were investigated using an electron microscope,negative staining was determined to be the best method of particle visualisa-tion between embedding and sectioning,shadow casting and negative staining techniques.Cloud particles in negatively stained preparations were composed of both1.35(A)(B)1.301.251.201.151.101.051.000.950.500.480.460.440.420.40204060Storage time (day)A b s o r b a n c eA b s o r b a n c e80100120204060Storage time (day)80100120Figure 1.Effect of storage time on the turbidity of cloudy apple juice without (A)and with centrifuging (B).Temperature:(g )4 C,(f )22 C (control)(m )22 C;(n )40 C,(^)40 C (Control).Turbidity of juice was determined with an absorbance of 660nm (Abs 660)described as Abs 660with a spectrophot-ometer.1.261.241.221.201.181.161.14204060Storage time (day)V i s c o s i t y (m P a .s )80100120Figure 2.Effect of storage time on the viscosity of cloudy apple juice.Temperature:(g )4 C,(f )4 C (control)(m )22 C;(n )22 C (Control),(^)40 C (p )40 C (Control).Since the viscosity of juice with 0.024%and 0.006%(w/w)VC added was not significantly different (P 50.05),only the turbidity of juice with 0.006%(w/w)VC added is displayed.108G.-Y.Z HAO ET AL .positively and negatively stained particles making up an aggregate network(Figure3).The halo and surrounding negative stain give the appearance of particles.It was obvious that the surroun-ding negatively stained material around the halo in the control was darker and more intense compared with that of the juice with0.006%(w/w)or0.024%(w/w)VC added and it was composed of pectin and new small particles formed by the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds.Using scanning electron microscope,it was found that the cloudy juice looked like a network and some par-ticles were shuttled in it(Figure4).It was also found that there were more small particles shuttling in the network in control than in the juice with0.006%(w/w) or0.024%(w/w)VC added,and the particles size in the latter two juices was not remarkably different.These particles in control were thought to be the result of the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds without the protection of VC and the efficacy of protection between adding0.024%VC and0.006% (w/w)VC was not remarkably different.It was also found that the size of particles in the bottom of the juice bottle was smaller than it in the upper portion (Figure4).Size Distribution of Suspending ParticlesAt the beginning of the storage of the juice with 0.006%ascorbic acid added,there were no particles of 0.105–0.158m m,but at the end of storage,the volume percentage of those particles was14.03%(Table1)and this meant some new particles with a smaller size were formed during storage.The same results were also found for juice without and with0.024%ascorbic acid added (Table1).Genovese and Lozano(2000)found cloudy apple juice without ascorbic acid added resulted in a suspension of irregular shape particles ranging from0.25 to5m m,but they did not study the changing of size distribution of suspending particles during the storage of cloudy apple juice.The mean size of particles in the juice with0.006% ascorbic acid was 1.443m m at the beginning and 0.514m m at the end of storage(Table1).The change of size distribution of suspending particles could be explained as follows:First,the volume percentage of particles in the juice with greater size decreased during the storage of120days.The volume percentage of par-ticles of0.550–2.188m m was49.64%,36.49%after 15days and decreased to32.43%at the end of storage. The volume percentage of particles of2.512–19.953m m was16.17%,11.28%after15days and decreased to 0.01%at the end of storage(Table1).Second,the volume percentage of particles in the juice with smaller size increased during the storage of120days.The volume percentage of particles of0.182–0.240m m was 3.46%initially and up to23.81%at the end of storage. Third,some new and smaller particles which did not exist in the juice initially were formed during the storage (Table1).There were no particles of0.105–0.120m m and 0.138–0.158m m in the juice at the beginning of storage, but the volume percentage of particles of0.105–0.120m m and0.138–0.158m m increased to 2.43and 11.60%respectively.The same phenomena were also found in the juice without and with0.024%ascorbic acid(Table1).Hence,it is concluded from the behavior of particles in the juice during the storage that,first, particles greater in size(named particles1)collided, aggregated and deposited in the bottom of the bottle. Second,particles of a smaller size(named particles2) collided and aggregated to form particles1.Third,new particles of the smallest size(named particle3)collided, and aggregated to form particles2.Fourth,a lot of(A)(B)(C)Figure3.Ultrastructure of cloudy apple juice with0.006%(w/w)VC added(A),with0.024%(w/w)VC added(B) and without VC added(C)stored at22 C for120days observed by TEM(Â25500).Effect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple Juice109particle 3formed as the storage time went on.The behaviors described above were considered contin-uous,but were divided into four parts only to be understood easily.Hence,the changes in turbidity (Figure 1)could be described as that,since behavior 1was the main behavior for particles in the juice,the turbidity of the juice decreased quickly at the initial storage period.As time went on,as behavior 2became acute and behavior 1slowed down,the decline of turbidity of the juice became constant.Behavior 4became more acute with prolonged storage time.According to the polyphenols contents (described below),it was thought that behavior 4was the result of the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds.Ascorbic acid protects against the oxida-tion and polymerisation of phenolic compounds,there-fore turbidity in the control juices was greater than that in juices added with ascorbicacid.Figure 4.Ultrastructure of cloudy apple juice of the upper portion of the bottle with 0.006%(w/w)VC added (A),the upper portion of the bottle with 0.024%(w/w)VC added (B),the upper portion of the bottle without VC added (C),the bottom of the bottle with 0.006%(w/w)VC added (D),the bottom of the bottle with 0.024%(w/w)VC added (E)and the bottom of the bottle without VC added (F)stored at 22 C for 120days observed by SEM.110G.-Y.Z HAO ET AL .At the beginning of storage,the volume percentage of particles of0.138–0.158m m in control juice was2.12%, however these particles did not exist in the juice with 0.006and0.024%ascorbic acid,since these particles were formed by the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds which could be partly protected by adding ascorbic acid during processing.During the storage period,the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds did not stop and new small particles were formed.At the end of storage,the volume percentage(4.01%)of new small particles in the control juice was more than in samples added with 0.006and0.024%ascorbic acid(2.43and 2.31% respectively).This result was proved by scanning electron microscopy(Figure4).At the end of the storage of120days,there were no particles of0.105m m and the volume percentage of particles of0.105m m increased to0.09and0.56%for juice with0.006%ascorbic acid,stored at22and40 C respectively(Table2).This result showed that some new small particles were formed with the increased storage temperature and it was considered that increased temperature of storage had a positive effect on the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds.More pigments were formed and the turbidity increased as the temperature increased(Figure1).Changes in PolyphenolsDuring the storage experiment of juices with and without VC added at4,22and40 C for120days,the loss of total polyphenols,epicatechin,tannin and chlorogenic acid became more important by increasing temperature and prolonged storage time(Table3and Figure5).Since the polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in cloudy apple juice was inactivated(results not shown),the decrease of polyphenols was caused by non-enzymatic reaction.In order to investigate the effect of VC on the polyphenols during the storage period,a parallel assay was made without ascorbic acid(control)during the storage experiment and was found that,total polyphe-nols,tannin and epicatechin retained after storage in juice with0.006and0.024%ascorbic acid added were not significantly different,but they were significantly higher(P0.05)than those retained in the juice without preservative addition at the same storage temperature (Table3and Figure5).At the initial time of storage, the relative degree of polymerisation of proanthocyani-dins in the juice was1.3and it increased to2.5,1.9and 1.8respectively for the control,juice with0.006and 0.024%added ascorbic acid after storage for120days at22 C.Hence,it was concluded that ascorbic acid could protect phenolic compounds against being oxi-dised and polymerised,and could also avoid the non-enzymatic browning caused by the oxidation and polymerisation of phenolic compounds.Table1.The effect of time of storage at22 C on size distribution of suspending particle in juice.Juice1:juice with0.024ascorbic acid.Juice2:juice with0.006ascorbic acid.Volume percentage of particles in juice0day15days120daysParticle size(m m)Juice1Juice2Control Juice2Control Juice1Juice2Control0.105–0.1200000.03 1.46 2.31 2.43 4.010.138–0.15800 2.12 4.309.3611.5411.6013.560.182–0.240 3.99 3.4612.2917.019.0623.1423.8123.750.275–0.47931.9930.6930.2330.9124.0630.8829.7227.410.550–2.18850.5649.6441.2936.4937.6932.5032.4331.252.512–19.95316.4416.1714.0711.288.400.000.010.00Mean size(m m) 1.520 1.443 1.533 1.294 1.1230.5450.5140.504Table2.The effect of storage temperature on sizedistribution of suspending particle in juice with0.006%ascorbic acid.Volume percentage of particles injuice stored for120daysParticle size(m m)At4 C At22 C At40 C0.1050.000.090.560.120 1.47 2.34 3.360.138 4.16 4.91 5.950.158 5.88 6.697.380.1827.247.787.860.105–0.18218.7521.8125.110.2097.888.117.600.2408.017.92 6.940.209–0.47947.9745.7539.650.550–0.72413.4313.2014.360.832–0.9558.508.739.931.096–1.259 6.58 6.497.101.445–2.188 4.76 4.013.852.512–3.8020.010.010.000.550–3.80233.2832.4435.24Mean size(m m)0.5330.5140.521 Effect of Storage on Cloud Stability of Cloudy Apple Juice111Table3.Effect of storage time on the content of phenolic compounds in juice with different contentsof ascorbic acid added.Time (days)Temperature and ascorbicacid added(%)Total phenolic compounds(mg gallic acid/L)Tannin(mg catechin/L)Chlorogenicacid(mg/L)Epicatechin(mg/L)ProanthocyanidinRelative degree ofpolymerisations0Control465.9Æ8.6a255.3Æ4.1a101.3Æ2.1a77.6Æ1.6a 1.30.006489.1Æ9.0b269.6Æ3.9b105.7Æ2.2a82.1Æ2.0b 1.30.024515.2Æ8.0c272.4Æ4.0b102.2Æ2.3a82.9Æ1.8b 1.3 54 C Control454.6Æ8.1250.1Æ4.8100.1Æ2.277.4Æ1.9 1.50.006472.8Æ8.3261.8Æ5.0104.7Æ2.081.9Æ2.0 1.40.024493.1Æ7.5262.3Æ4.7102.9Æ2.182.1Æ1.8 1.322 C Control442.0Æ8.1250.9Æ5.199.4Æ1.974.9Æ1.5 1.40.006460.2Æ7.9253.1Æ4.7103.4Æ2.179.2Æ1.6 1.40.024483.7Æ6.1250.8Æ4.895.3Æ2.280.2Æ1.9 1.440 C Control412.5Æ6.0186.0Æ3.989.7Æ2.065.4Æ1.7 1.40.006432.5Æ8.5235.2Æ4.6101.9Æ2.272.2Æ2.1 1.50.024440.9Æ6.9226.1Æ4.192.6Æ2.069.0Æ1.9 1.5 154 C Control450.2Æ7.8246.8Æ4.799.0Æ2.176.3Æ1.4 1.50.006451.4Æ8.4252.6Æ4.7104.0Æ2.481.2Æ1.8 1.50.024490.5Æ6.5253.8Æ3.9102.3Æ2.380.9Æ2.0 1.422 C Control424.6Æ8.1222.8Æ4.296.2Æ2.171.6Æ1.9 1.50.006442.2Æ8.2239.0Æ4.5102.5Æ2.077.6Æ1.2 1.40.024470.4Æ7.7233.8Æ4.393.3Æ2.586.8Æ1.1 1.440 C Control357.8Æ7.2150.2Æ4.387.6Æ2.762.1Æ1.3 1.70.006428.1Æ8.2180.2Æ4.1100.0Æ2.369.3Æ1.4 1.60.024431.8Æ6.8173.3Æ3.974.9Æ2.176.3Æ1.4 1.5 454 C Control427.8Æ6.4225.4Æ3.395.1Æ1.966.0Æ1.0 1.60.006438.9Æ8.4233.5Æ4.3101.0Æ2.270.8Æ1.8 1.50.024457.7Æ7.5242.3Æ3.6100.2Æ2.172.6Æ1.2 1.522 C Control387.9Æ7.6192.8Æ4.192.0Æ2.465.0Æ1.7 1.60.006397.8Æ8.0205.3Æ3.893.8Æ1.965.7Æ1.5 1.50.024441Æ6.8203.5Æ3.793.0Æ2.264.4Æ1.4 1.540 C Control341.6Æ7.4124.1Æ3.188.3Æ2.356.8Æ1.1 1.80.006356.0Æ7.6150.9Æ3.992.6Æ2.262.0Æ2.0 1.60.024385.6Æ5.8144.3Æ3.189.0Æ2.159.5Æ1.3 1.6 754 C Control400.5Æ7.6214.1Æ2.5 1.60.006437.1Æ7.8227.0Æ5.1–– 1.40.024458.5Æ6.1227.5Æ3.9–– 1.522 C Control385.3Æ8.0162.3Æ4.2–– 1.70.006401.4Æ8.1172.6Æ4.2–– 1.60.024415.2Æ5.2171.8Æ3.1–– 1.740 C Control285.4Æ6.594.8Æ2.3–– 1.70.006363.9Æ7.3111.2Æ4.1–– 2.80.024377.1Æ6.2110.1Æ2.7–– 3.0 1204 C Control386.5Æ5.9d201.1Æ3.7c92.2Æ3.0b66.5Æ1.8c 1.60.006443.5Æ8.1e218.3Æ4.1d94.9Æ3.0b72.3Æ1.7d 1.50.024451.4Æ5.8e222.2Æ3.9d95.8Æ2.8b75.8Æ3.1d 1.522 C Control333.5Æ7.9f151.9Æ3.5e78.1Æ1.8c39.5Æ1.1e 2.50.006363.9Æ6.5g169.2Æ3.9f79.4Æ2.1c44.9Æ1.3f 1.90.024375.9Æ6.2dg164.1Æ4.1f74.3Æ3.1c42.7Æ1.9f 1.840 C Control263.5Æ7.1h78.3Æ3.1g68.6Æ4.1d30.6Æ1.3g 4.40.006337.0Æ5.7i101.8Æ3.8h78.1Æ1.8c37.7Æ1.7eh 3.40.024344.9Æ6.598.7Æ3.3h72.0Æ2.0e35.4Æ1.8h 3.3 Data bearing different letters within the same temperature same fraction and column were significantly different(P50.05).112G.-Y.Z HAO ET AL.。