JURONG TOWN CORPORATION ACT
(CHAPTER 150)
(Original Enactment: Act 5 of 1968)
REVISED EDITION 1998
(30th May 1998)
An Act to establish the Jurong Town Corporation and for purposes incidental thereto.
[1st June 1968]
PART I
PRELIMINARY
Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Jurong Town Corporation Act.
Interpretation
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —
“authorised occupier” means a person who is named in an application made to the Corporation as the person who intends to reside in the flat, house or building sold or to be sold by the Corporation under Part IV or any person who is authorised in writing by the Corporation to reside therein;
“Chairman” means the Chairman of the Corporation appointed under section 4; “commercial property” means any flat, house or building or any part thereof which is permitted to be used pursuant to the Planning Act 1998 (Act 3 of 1998) or any other written law for the purpose of carrying on any business or which is lawfully so used;
“common property” m eans so much of the developed land and all parts of the building as are not comprised in the flats in a building;
“Corporation” means the Jurong Town Corporation established under section 3; “developed land” means any land of the Corporation upon which a building has been erected;
“financial year” means a period of 12 months beginning on 1st April in each year and ending on 31st March in the following year;
“flat” means a horizontal stratum of a building or part thereof, whether the stratum is on one or more levels or is partially or wholly below the surface of the ground, which is used or intended to be used as a complete and separate unit for the purpose of human habitation or business or for any other purpose; “lease” includes an agreement for a lease;
“officer” includes the Chairman, members and employees of the Corporation;“owner”, in rel ation to immovable property, includes a person who has purchased
a leasehold interest in any property sold by the Corporation and also includes a
purchaser under an agreement for lease.
PART II
ESTABLISHMENT AND INCORPORATION
OF CORPORATION
Establishment of Jurong Town Corporation
3.
—(1) There shall be established a body to be called the Jurong Town Corporation.
(2) The Corporation shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and
a common seal with power, subject to the provisions of this Act, to acquire, hold or dispose of property, both movable and immovable, to enter into contracts, to sue and be sued in its corporate name and to perform such other acts as bodies corporate may by law perform.
Chairman of Corporation
4. The Minister, with the President’s concurrence under Article 22A(1)(b) of the Constitution, shall appoint a Chairman of the Corporation who shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, hold office for such period and on such terms as the Minister may determine.
[11/91] Constitution of Corporation
5.
—(1) The Corporation shall consist of —
(a)
a Chairman; and
(b) not fewer than 4 and not more than 11 other members to be appointed by the Minister with the President’s concurrence under Article 22A(1)(b) of the Constitution.
[23/95] (1A) The Minister may, with the President’s concurrence, appoint one of the members of the Corporation as Deputy Chairman.
[23/95]
(2) The quorum at all meetings of the Corporation shall be 4.
[29/74; 11/78]
(3) The Chairman or any officer authorised by him to act on his behalf may call a meeting of the Corporation at least once in every 2 months or as often as he thinks fit.
[23/95]
(4) The members of the Corporation, other than the Chairman, shall, unless their appointment is revoked by the Minister under subsection (9)or unless they resign during their period of office, hold office for a period of 3 years or for such shorter period as the Minister may in any case determine.
(5) If for any reason the Chairman is absent or unable to act or the office of Chairman is vacant, the Deputy Chairman or, in the absence of both the
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman, any member of the Corporation duly appointed by the members present at any meeting of the Corporation may exercise all or any of the powers conferred, or perform all or any of the duties imposed, on the Chairman under this Act.
[11/78]
(6) The Chairman or the person lawfully acting as Chairman at any meeting of the Corporation shall have an original as well as a casting vote.
(7) A member of the Corporation shall not, at any meeting of the Corporation, participate in any discussion relating to, and shall not vote in respect of, any business in which he is interested, and if he does so his vote shall not be counted nor shall he be counted in the quorum present at such meeting.
(8) The members of the Corporation shall be paid out of the funds of the Corporation such salaries, fees or allowances as the President may determine.
(9) The Minister with the President’s concurrence under Article 22A(1)(b) of the Constitution may at any time revoke the appointment of the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman or any other member of the Corporation.
[11/91] Direction by Minister
6.
—(1) The Minister may give to the Corporation such directions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as he considers fit, as to the exercise and performance by the Corporation of its powers, duties and functions under this Act and the Corporation shall give effect to all such directions.
(2) The Corporation shall furnish the Minister with such information with respect to its property and activities as he may from time to time require. Appointment of chief executive officer and other employees 7.
—(1) After consulting the Public Service Commission, the Corporation may, with the approval of the Minister and the President’s concurrence under Article 22A(1)(b) of the Constitution, appoint a chief executive officer on such terms and conditions as it may determine.
[27/86; 23/95]
(2) The chief executive officer shall —
(a) be known by such designation as the Corporation may determine;
(b) be responsible to the Corporation for the proper administration and management of the functions and affairs of the Corporation in accordance with the policy laid down by the Corporation; and
(c) not be removed from office without the consent of the Minister and the President’s concurrence under Article 22A(1)(b) of the Constitution.
[11/91]
(3) If the chief executive officer is temporarily absent from Singapore, or is temporarily unable to perform his duties by reason of illness or otherwise, another person may be appointed by the Corporation to act in the place of the chief executive officer during any such period of absence from duty.
(4) The Corporation may from time to time appoint and employ such other employees and agents as it thinks fit for the effective performance of its functions on such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine. Appointment of committees and delegation of powers
8.
—(1) The Corporation may, in its discretion, appoint from among its own members or other persons who are not members of the Corporation such number of committees as it thinks fit consisting of members or other persons or members and other persons for purposes which, in the opinion of the Corporation, would be better regulated and managed by means of those committees.
(2) The Corporation may, subject to such conditions or restrictions as it thinks fit, delegate to any such committee or the Chairman all or any of the powers, functions and duties by this Act vested in the Corporation, except the power to borrow money or to raise loans by the issue of bonds and debentures; and any power, function or duty so delegated may be exercised or performed by that committee or the Chairman in the name and on behalf of the Corporation.
(3) The Corporation may, subject to such conditions or restrictions as it thinks fit, delegate to any employee thereof all or any of the powers, functions and duties by this Act vested in the Corporation, except the power to borrow money or to raise loans; and any power, function or duty so delegated may be exercised or performed by the employee in the name and on behalf of the Corporation.
[11/78]
(4) The Corporation may continue to exercise any power conferred upon it, or perform any function or duty under this Act, notwithstanding the delegation of such power, function or duty under this section.
Protection from personal liability
9.
—(1) No matter or thing done and no contract of any kind entered into by the Corporation and no matter or thing done by any member of the Corporation or by any employee thereof or any other person whomsoever acting under the direction of the Corporation shall, if the matter or thing was done or the contract was entered into bona fide for the purpose of executing the provisions of this Act, subject any such member or employee or any person acting under the direction of the Corporation personally to any action, liability, claim or demand whatsoever in respect thereof.
(2) Any expense incurred by the Corporation or any member, employee or other person so acting under the direction of the Corporation shall be borne by and repaid out of the funds of the Corporation.
Members and officers of Corporation deemed to be public servants
10. The members of the Corporation and the employees thereof, of every description, shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of the Penal Code (Cap. 224).
PART III
PROVISIONS RELATING TO CORPORATION
Provision of working capital
11. For the purpose of enabling the Corporation to carry out its objects and to defray expenditure properly chargeable to capital account, including defraying initial expenses, and for the provision of working capital, the Minister may authorise payment to the Corporation of such sums as he may determine.
Functions and powers of Corporation
12.
—(1) The functions of the Corporation are —
(a) to develop and manage sites, parks, estates, townships and other premises for industries and businesses in Singapore or elsewhere;
(b) to provide facilities to enhance the operations of industries and businesses including social amenities for the advancement and the well-being of persons living and working in such sites, parks, estates and townships or otherwise; and
(c) to participate in overseas ventures and developments which the Corporation has the expertise to engage or undertake in.
[23/95]
(2) The Corporation shall have power to do anything for the purpose of the discharge of its functions under this Act or which is incidental or conducive to the discharge of those functions and, in particular, may —
(a) act in combination or association with other persons or organisations for the discharge of any of its functions;
(b) promote the carrying on of any activities for the discharge of its functions by other persons or organisations;
(c) purchase, acquire or lease any land and premises required for the purpose of the discharge of its functions under this Act;
(d)
sell or lease land and premises for the purpose of the discharge of its functions under this Act upon such terms as the Corporation may determine;
(e) provide technical, managerial and other specialist services for industrial, business and other development and build up a corps of engineering, managerial and other specialist staff to provide such services;
(f) prepare and execute proposals, plans and projects for the erection, conversion, improvement and extension of any building for sale, lease, rental or other purpose;
(g) provide and maintain housing accommodation including convalescent or holiday houses for employees of the Corporation, provide and maintain for those employees clubs and playing fields and provide educational facilities for them;
(ga) grant loans to employees or to act as guarantor for loans taken by them, to enable them to purchase their own houses, furniture, fittings, home appliances and vehicles;
(gb) award scholarships or give loans to employees to obtain professional, technical or other training;
(h) sell or lease flats, houses or other living accommodation and land for the housing of persons living and working in industrial and business sites, parks, estates and townships;
(i) provide loans on mortgage at such interest as may be prescribed to enable persons, other than employees of the Corporation, to purchase any flat, house or building which is used or intended to be used solely for the purpose of human habitation;
(j) with the written approval of the Minister, form or participate in the formation of a company or companies or enter into any joint venture or partnership in Singapore or elsewhere;
(k) with the written approval of the Minister, grant loans to any company in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiary companies holds any shares;
(l) with the written approval of the Minister and the President, guarantee the repayment of loans given to any company in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiary companies holds any shares; and
(m)
provide and maintain adequate and efficient port services and facilities in the Jurong Port.
[23/95] Borrowing powers
13.
—(1) The Corporation may, from time to time, for the purposes of this Act raise loans —
(a) from the Government;
(b) with the approval of the Minister and subject to the provisions of any written law, by any of the methods set out in section 14; or
(c) from such other source as the Minister may direct.
(2) The Corporation shall pay interest on those loans at such rate and at such times, and shall make such provisions for the mode and time or times of repayment of principal as may be approved by the Minister.
(3) The Corporation may, from time to time, borrow by way of temporary loan or overdraft from a bank or otherwise any sum which it may temporarily require —
(a) for the purpose of defraying expenses pending the receipt of revenues receivable by it in respect of the period of account in which those expenses are chargeable; or
(b) for the purpose of defraying, pending the receipt of money due in respect of any loan authorised to be raised under subsection (1), expenses intended to be defrayed by any such loan.
(4) Bonds and debentures of the Corporation issued before the commencement of subsection (5) shall be guaranteed by the Government as to the repayment of principal and the payment of interest at such rate as may be approved by the Minister.
[18/94]
(5) Bonds and debentures of the Corporation issued on or after the commencement of this subsection shall be guaranteed by the Government as to the repayment of principal and the payment of interest at such rate as may be approved by the Minister if the President, acting in his discretion, concurs with the giving of such guarantee.
[18/94]
(6) For the purposes of subsection (1), the power to raise loans shall include the power to make any financial agreement whereby credit facilities are granted to the Corporation for the purchase of goods, materials or things.
Loan conditions
14.
—(1) Where the Corporation is authorised to borrow money, the Corporation may, subject to the approval or direction of the Minister, raise money in any manner and, in particular, raise it by —
(a) mortgage;
(b) charge, whether legal or equitable, on any property vested in the Corporation or on any revenue receivable by the Corporation under this Act or any other written law; and
(c) debentures, stocks, bonds or other instruments or securities issued by the Corporation.
[23/95]
(2) The Corporation may, with the approval or direction of the Minister, fix such rates of interest and such terms, conditions and periods to secure the repayment of the sums borrowed as it thinks fit.
[23/95] Issue of shares, etc.
14A. As a consequence of the vesting of any property, rights or liabilities of the Government in the Corporation under this Act, or of any capital injection or other investment by the Government in the Corporation in accordance with any written law, the Corporation shall issue such shares or other securities to the Minister for Finance as that Minister may from time to time direct.
[5/2002 wef 15/07/2002] Budget
15. The Corporation shall in every financial year cause to be prepared in a form to be approved by the Minister a budget to be forwarded to the Minister not later than 31st January containing estimates of income and expenditure of the Corporation for the ensuing year —
(a) on capital account;
(b) relating to the management and maintenance of industrial sites, housing and ancillary services; and
(c) relating to the execution of its powers, functions and duties.
[16
[7/71; 11/78; 23/95] Approval of budget by Minister
16.
—(1) The Minister may approve or disallow any item or portion of any item shown in the budget, and shall return the budget as amended by him to the Chairman.
(2) The Corporation shall present the budget which has been approved by the Minister to the President for his approval under Article 22B of the Constitution.
[11/91]
(3) The budget when approved by the President shall be published in the Gazette.
[17
[11/91] Supplemental budgets
17.
—(1) The Corporation may at any time cause to be prepared a supplemental budget to provide, subject to section 24(2)(d), for unforeseen or urgently required expenditure containing —
(a)
a revised estimate of the income for the current financial year;
(b) a revised estimate of the expenditure for the current financial year; and
(c) a statement showing how provision is therein made to meet additional expenditure.
[11/78]
(2) A supplemental budget shall be dealt with in the manner provided in section 16 for the annual budget.
[18 Accounts
18.
—(1) The accounts of the Corporation shall be kept by a chief financial officer appointed by and responsible to the Corporation.
[29/74]
(2) The chief financial officer shall prepare in respect of each financial year
a statement of accounts in a form approved by the Minister.
[11/78]
(3) The chief financial officer shall keep proper accounts and records of the transactions and affairs of the Corporation and shall do all things necessary to ensure that all payments out of its moneys are correctly made and properly authorised and that adequate control is maintained over the assets of, or in the custody of, the Corporation and over the expenditure incurred by the Corporation.
[19 Appointment and powers of Corporation’s auditor
19.
—(1) The accounts of the Corporation shall be audited by the Auditor-General or by an auditor appointed annually by the Minister in consultation with the Auditor-General.
[29/74]
(2) The Corporation’s auditor shall be paid out of the funds of the Corporation such remuneration, expenses or fees as the Minister, after consultation with the Corporation, shall direct.
(3) The Corporation’s auditor s hall be entitled to full and free access to all accounting and other records relating, directly or indirectly, to the financial transactions of the Corporation and may make copies of or extracts from any such accounting or other records.
(4) The Corporati on’s auditor or a person authorised by him may require any person to furnish him with such information which that person possesses or has access to as the auditor or the duly authorised person considers necessary for the purposes of the functions of the auditor under this Act.
(5) An officer of the Corporation who refuses or fails without any reasonable cause to allow the Corporation’s auditor or a person authorised by him access to any accounting and other records of the Corporation in his custody or power or to give any information possessed by him as and when required or who otherwise hinders, obstructs or delays the Corporation’s auditor or any person authorised by him in the performance of his duties or the exercise of his powers shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $500 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $100 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction.
[20 Auditor’s report
20.
—(1) The chief financial officer of the Corporation shall prepare the financial statements in respect of each preceding financial year and submit them to the Corporation’s auditor who shall audit and report on them to the Minister and the President.
[23/95]
(2) The Corporation’s auditor shall state in his report of his audit whether —
(a) the financial statements show fairly the financial transactions and the state of affairs of the Corporation;
(b) proper accounting and other records have been kept; and
(c) the receipt, expenditure and investment of moneys and the acquisition and disposal of assets by the Corporation during the year have been in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Constitution.
[23/95]
(3) The Corporation’s auditor shall report on any other matter arising from the audit as he considers necessary.
[21
[23/95] Presentation of financial statements
21.
—(1) A copy of the audited financial statements signed by the Chairman, the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, and certified by the Corporation’s auditor, together with a copy of any report made by the auditor, shall be submitted to the Minister not later than 8th September and to the President not later than 30th September in each year.
[29/74; 11/78; 23/95]
(2) Where the Auditor-General has not been appointed to be the auditor of the Corporation a copy of the audited financial statements and any report made by the auditor shall be forwarded to the Auditor-General at the same time as they are submitted to the Minister.
(3) The Minister shall present a copy of the audited financial statements and the report of the Corporation’s auditor to Parliament.
(4) The audited financial statements and the auditor’s report referred to in subsection (3) shall be published in the Gazette.
[22 Annual report
22.
—(1) The Corporation shall, not later than 8th September in each year, unless the Minister otherwise authorises in writing, furnish to the Minister a report of its functions during the preceding year.
[23/95]
(2) The Minister shall cause a copy of every such report to be presented to Parliament.
[22A
[23/95] Bank account and accounting records
23.
—(1) All moneys paid to the Corporation shall forthwith be paid into such banks as may from time to time be decided by the Corporation.
[7/71; 11/78]
(2) The accounting records of the Corporation shall distinguish between capital and revenue transactions.
[7/71]
(3) Moneys received by way of loans shall be shown separately in the books and accounts and in the balance-sheet of the Corporation.
Payments to be made in accordance with budget
24.
—(1) No payment shall be made by the Corporation unless the expenditure is covered by an item in a budget and a sufficient balance for the item is available.
[7/71]
(2) Notwithstanding the absence of such provision, the Corporation may pay —
(a) sums deposited by contractors or other persons whenever by the conditions of the deposit any such sum has become repayable;
(b) sums collected and credited to the funds of the Corporation in error;
(c) sums payable by the Corporation under any award of the Collector of Land Revenue or under any of the provisions of this Act or of any other written law relating to the acquisition of land for a public purpose or under any judgment or order of any court; and
(d) any expenditure incurred to secure the proper execution of the functions and duties of the Corporation under this Act which, in the opinion of the Corporation, cannot be postponed.
(3) Provision shall be made in a supplemental budget for any payment made under subsection (2)(c) or (d).
Transfer of sums from one item to another
25. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Act, the Corporation may transfer all or any part of moneys assigned to one item of expenditure to another item under the same head of expenditure in a budget approved by the Minister and the President.
[11/91] Power of investment
26. The Corporation may invest its moneys in accordance with the standard investment power of statutory bodies as defined in section 33A of the Interpretation Act (Cap. 1).
[45/2004 wef 15/12/2004] 27. [Repealed by Act 23/95]
Compulsory acquisition of land
28.
—(1) Where any immovable property, not being State land, is needed for the purposes of the Corporation, the Corporation may request and the President may if he thinks fit direct the acquisition of that property.
(2) The property may be acquired in accordance with the provisions of any written law relating to the acquisition of land for a public purpose, and any declaration required under any such written law that the property is so needed may be made (notwithstanding that compensation is to be paid out of the funds of the Corporation) and the declaration shall have effect as if it were a declaration that such property is needed for a public purpose made in accordance with that written law.
[7/83]
Compulsory acquisition of property before 15th April 1983 not to be called in question
29.
—(1) No compulsory acquisition of any immovable property before 15th April 1983 shall be called in question in any court on the ground that the acquisition was not in compliance with section 28 as in force before that date.
(2) Any action or proceedings pending after 15th April 1983 in any court in respect of any matter to which subsection (1)applies shall be dismissed on application by any party, and the court may make such order as to costs as it thinks fit.
30. [Repealed by Act 23/95]
Special provisions relating to sale of land by Corporation
31. For the purposes of registration of an assurance relating to the sale by the Corporation of any land, the mortgage of such land in favour of the Corporation or the reconveyance or discharge of such mortgage —
(a) in the case of land registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269), section 11 of that Act shall not apply; and
(b) in the case of land registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157) where a solicitor is not employed by the Corporation, a certificate of an officer authorised in writing in that behalf by the Corporation shall be sufficient for the purposes of section 59 of that Act.
[31/80] Regulations
32.
—(1) The Minister may, after consultation with the Corporation, make such regulations as he may consider necessary or desirable for the proper conduct of the business of the Corporation and, in particular, for any of the following matters:
(a) the convening of meetings of the Corporation and the procedure to be followed thereat;
(b) the provision of a common seal and the custody and use thereof;
(c) the manner in which documents, cheques and instruments of any description shall be signed or executed on behalf of the Corporation;
(d) the manner and terms of issue and redemption of bonds and debentures by the Corporation; and
(e) generally for the exercise of the powers of the Corporation under the provisions of this Act.
(2) All regulations made under this Act shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.
Obstruction of officer of Corporation
33. Any person who obstructs any officer of the Corporation or any person duly authorised by the Corporation in that behalf in the performance of any thing which the Corporation is by this Act required or empowered to do shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months.
[11/78] Transfer to Corporation of assets and liabilities of Economic Development Board
34. As from 1st June 1968, such of the lands, buildings and other property, movable and immovable of the Economic Development Board constituted under the provisions of the Economic Development Board Act (Cap. 85), including all such assets, powers, rights, interests and privileges as well as such debts, liabilities and obligations in connection therewith or appertaining thereto as may be specified by the Minister by notification in the Gazette shall be deemed to have been transferred to and vested in the Corporation without further assurance.
Corporation’s symbols
35.
—(1) The Corporation shall have the exclusive right to the use of —
(a) the symbols which are set out in the Schedule; and
(b) such other symbol as it may devise or adopt from time to time and thereafter display or exhibit in connection with its activities or affairs.
[23/95]
(2) The Corporation shall publish the symbol referred to in subsection (1)(b) in the Gazette.
[23/95]
(3) Any person who uses a symbol identical with, or which so resembles, any of the Corporation’s symbols as to or be likely to deceive o r cause confusion, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
[23/95]
(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorise the Corporation to use any symbol which any person has acquired the exclusive right to use the same under the Trade Marks Act 1998 or otherwise.
[23/95]
[46/98 wef 15/01/1999
PART IV
SALE OF FLATS, HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS Application of this Part
36. This Part shall apply only to flats, houses or buildings which are used or intended to be used solely for the purpose of human habitation.
[29/74] Restrictions on registration of assurance, lease, mortgage, transfer or charge
37.
—(1) The Registrar of Deeds and the Registrar of Titles shall not register any assurance, lease, mortgage, transfer or charge relating to any flat, house or building which has been bought or sold, leased, mortgaged or disposed of by a person in contravention of section 38 or 40(1).
[29/74]
(2) A certificate of the Corporation that any flat, house or building has been purchased, sold, leased, mortgaged, transferred or charged in accordance with the provisions of this Part shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.
[31/80] Conditions relating to sale, lease, mortgage or transfer of or charge on flat, house or building
38.
—(1) No flat, house or building which has been sold by the Corporation under the provisions of this Part shall be sold, leased, mortgaged, transferred or charged without the written consent of the Corporation.
[29/74; 31/80]
(2) Where any assignment, mortgage, transfer, charge or lease of any such flat, house or other building which is executed by or on behalf of the owner thereof without the prior written consent of the Corporation is registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269) or the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157), the Corporation may by an instrument lodged with the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, declare such assignment, mortgage, transfer, charge or lease to be void and the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, shall register the instrument without being concerned to inquire into its regularity or validity, and upon registration thereof shall cancel the registration of such assignment, mortgage, transfer, charge or lease.
[11/78]
(3) Any assignment, mortgage, transfer, charge or lease by an owner of a flat, house or other building sold subject to the provisions of this Part which would not be void but for this section, shall be deemed to be valid for the purposes of any legal proceedings instituted by the Corporation under sections 45, 46 and 51.
Special provisions relating to sale of flat, house or building
39.
—(1) Where —
(a)
a flat is sold by the Corporation to any person under the provisions of this Part;
or
(b)
any estate or interest in such flat is —
(i)
subsequently transferred by or to any person with the written consent of the Corporation; or
(ii) surrendered to the Corporation,
and a solicitor is not employed by that person to act for him in the transaction, the Corporation may by its duly authorised officer act for that person.
[31/80]
(2) Where the Corporation acts for any person under subsection (1), then for
the purposes of the registration of any instrument relating to the sale of the flat or the transaction in respect of the flat —
(a)
in the case of an instrument which is required to be registered under the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269), section 11 of that Act shall not apply if a duly authorised officer of the Corporation certifies that the flat has been sold under the provisions of this Part; and
(b)
in the case of an instrument which is required to be registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157), a certificate of an officer of the Corporation duly authorised by the Corporation to act for the person shall be sufficient for the purposes of section 59 of that Act.
(3) For the purposes of this section —
“flat” means any flat, house or other building sold by the Corporation under the provisions of this Part;
“transfer”, in relation to a flat, means the conveyance, sale, purchase, assignment, mortgage, charge or the disposal in any manner of any estate or interest in the flat and includes a discharge of a mortgage, or a reconveyance, or the devolution of the rights of a deceased owner of the flat to another person, and “is transferred” shall be construed accor dingly.
(4) Section 30 of the Legal Profession Act (Cap. 161) shall not apply to any
officer of the Corporation acting for any party to the transactions referred to in subsection (1).
Restrictions relating to purchase of flat, house or building
40.
—(1) No person shall be entitled to purchase any flat, house or other building sold subject to the provisions of this Part if that person, his spouse or any authorised occupier —
(a)
is the owner of any other flat, house, building or land or has an estate or interest therein; or
(b) has, at any time within 30 months immediately prior to the date of making an application to the Corporation to purchase the flat, house or building or between the date of such application and the date of completion of the purchase of the flat, house or building, sold any flat, house, building or land of which he was the owner, or divested himself of any interest therein.
[29/74; 11/78; 31/80]
(2) Where a person purchases a flat, house or other building in contravention of subsection (1), he shall not present for registration under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269) or the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157) the assurance of the flat, house or other building.
(2A) The Corporation shall on discovery of such a purchase —
(a) serve a written notice upon the purchaser of the flat, house or other building of its intention to lodge with the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, an instrument for the vesting in the Corporation of the title to or the estate or interest in that flat, house or other building; or
(b) where no lease has been registered in favour of the purchaser, serve a written notice of the Corporation’s intention to terminate the agreement for a lease and to re-enter upon the flat, house or other building or part thereof in the name of the whole and thereupon any interest of the purchaser shall absolutely determine.
[11/78]
(3) The purchaser may, within 14 days after the service of the notice given pursuant to subsection (2A), appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final and shall not be questioned in any court.
[11/78]
(4) Where an appeal has been made to the Minister pursuant to subsection (3), the Corporation shall not proceed to vest the title to or the estate or interest in the flat, house or other building in itself, or to repossess the flat, house or other building, until the appeal has been disposed of or withdrawn.
[11/78]
(5) The Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, shall register any instrument, lodged under subsection (2A), without being concerned to inquire into its regularity or validity, and upon its registration the title to or the estate or interest in the flat, house or building shall vest in the Corporation without further assurance free from all encumbrances (subject to such subsisting covenants, conditions or restrictions, if any, as may be binding on the Corporation) for such title, estate or interest as the Corporation would have had on the date of the registration of the instrument, if there had been no sale of the flat, house or building.
[29/74; 11/78]
(6) Upon the registration of such an instrument —
(a) in the case of a flat, house or building registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269), the Registrar of Deeds shall make an entry in the books of the Registry that the flat, house or building has vested in the Corporation in accordance with subsection (5), and upon that entry being made, the flat, house or building shall vest in the Corporation free from all encumbrances, subject to such subsisting covenants, conditions or restrictions, if any, as may be binding on the Corporation; or
(b) in the case of a flat, house or building, registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157), the flat, house or building shall vest in the Corporation free from all encumbrances, subject to such subsisting covenants, conditions or restrictions, if any, as may be binding on the Corporation, and the Registrar of Titles shall cancel the registration of any lease, mortgage or charge thereby overreached.
(7) The Corporation may, in its discretion, forfeit any moneys paid or deposited in respect of the purchase of any flat, house or other building from the Corporation if the Corporation discovers that the person has purchased or seeks to purchase the flat, house or other building in contravention of subsection (1).
[11/78]
(8) The Corporation may, in its discretion, exempt any person or class of persons from all or any of the provisions of this section.
[11/78]
(9) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Corporation may sell or lease a flat, house or other building to any person, notwithstanding that the person, his spouse or any authorised occupier has purchased or acquired with the prior written consent of the Corporation, any commercial property not exceeding in value $250,000 or such higher value as the Minister may allow, and that commercial property is used or intended to be used by any such person for business purposes.
[31/80] Conditions in respect of flat, house or building
41.
—(1) No lien by deposit of the title deeds, as security for a debt, of any flat, house or building that has been sold by the Corporation under the provisions of this Part shall be capable of being created in favour of any person and no caveat in support of any such lien by deposit shall be capable of being registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269) or the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157).
[29/74; 31/80]
(2) No such flat, house or building shall vest in the Official Assignee on the bankruptcy of the owner thereof.
(3) No such flat, house or building shall be attached in execution of a decree of a court.
(4) Every trust or alleged trust, whether the trust is express, implied or constructive, which purports to be created in respect of such flat, house or building by the owner thereof shall be null and void and shall be incapable of being enforced by a court.
Transfer of flat, house or other building on the death of owner
42.
—(1) The transmission on the death of the owner, whether testate or intestate, or any transfer by the personal representatives of a deceased owner, of a flat, house or other building that has been sold subject to the provisions of this Part shall not be registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269)or the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157)without the written consent of the Corporation.
(1A) Where the Corporation refuses to give its consent, the Corporation may lodge an instrument with the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, to have the flat, house or other building vested in the Corporation.
[11/78]
(2) Where no representation has been taken out under a will or on the intestacy of a deceased owner of a flat, house or other building within 12 months from the death of the owner, or where representation has been taken out but the personal representatives do not apply for the Corporation’s written consent for the transmission or transfer of the flat, house or other building within 6 months from the date of representation, the Corporation may lodge an instrument with the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, to have the flat, house or other building vested in the Corporation.
(3) Where on the death of the owner of a flat, house or other building that has been sold subject to the provisions of this Part the lease in favour of the owner has not been registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act or the Land Titles Act, or where no representation has been taken out under a will or on the intestacy of a deceased owner of such flat, house or other building within 12 months from the death of the owner, the Corporation may rescind the agreement for the lease of such flat, house or other building.
(4) Where the Corporation decides to lodge an instrument under subsection (1A) or (2) to have the flat, house or other building vested in itself or to rescind an agreement for a lease under subsection (3), the Corporation shall —
(a) serve a written notice on the personal representatives of the deceased owner of, and on all persons known or believed to have an interest or estate in, the flat, house or other building; and
(b) in the case where no representation is taken out, serve a notice on the flat, house or other building and on all persons known or believed to have an interest or estate in the flat, house or other building,
of its intention to lodge with the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, an instrument of vesting under subsection (1A) or (2) or of its decision to rescind the agreement for a lease and of the compensation to be paid therefor and the date on which the instrument will be lodged as aforesaid, or the date the rescission is to take effect, not being a date earlier than 28 days after the date of the service of the notice.
(5) The personal representatives and any person who is interested in the estate of the deceased owner may, within 28 days after the day of service of the notice, appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court.
(6) Where an appeal is made to the Minister pursuant to subsection (5), the Corporation shall not proceed to lodge an instrument of vesting under subsection (1A) or (2) or rescind the agreement for a lease until the appeal is determined or withdrawn.
(7) The Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, shall register any instrument lodged under subsection (1A) or (2) without being concerned to inquire into its regularity or validity and —
(a) in the case of a flat, house or other building registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269), the Registrar of Deeds shall make an entry in the books of the Registry that the flat, house or other building has been vested in the Corporation; and
(b) in the case of a flat, house or other building registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157), the Registrar of Titles shall register the instrument on the relevant folio of the land register without the necessity of the production of the duplicate certificate of title.
(8) Upon entry being made or registration under subsection (7), the title to and the estate or interest in the flat, house or other building shall vest in the Corporation free from all encumbrances, subject to such subsisting covenants, conditions or restrictions, if any, as may be binding on the Corporation, and the Registrar of Deeds or the Registrar of Titles, as the case may be, shall cancel the registration of any mortgage, charge or lease thereby overreached.
(9) Where an appeal has been determined by the Minister or on the expiry of a period of 28 days after the service of the notice referred to in subsection (4) and the personal representatives do not consent to receive the compensation, or where representation has not been taken out under a will or on the intestacy of the deceased owner, or where there are conflicting claims to the compensation to be paid by the Corporation, the Corporation shall apply to the High Court ex parte by originating summons, supported by an affidavit, for an order to deposit
全球知名工业园 全球知名科技园 新加坡裕廊工业园 裕廊工业区位处新加坡岛西南部的海滨地带，距市区约10多公里，面积超过60平方公里。 1961年8月，新加坡政府成立了国家经济发展局，负责投资、建设、招商、服务、产业政策等全过程．为早期开发区的快速启动奠定了基础。1968年6月1日，经济发展局工业园区部独立出来，成为裕廊镇管理局，主要职能为发展和管理土地、园区、不动产、城镇和国外用于工商业发展的地产，以及为工商业发展提供便利条件。 为充分发挥区位优势，新加坡政府将裕廊岛定位为以石油化工为主导产业的工业区。1977年正式建立石化专区，启动第一期计划并开始实施，仅在80年代就成立了13家石化公司，使得石化产业迅猛发展。为满足下游产业对烯烃的需求，1991年又酝酿第二期计划并于1997年开始施行，由此石化产业进入快速集聚发展，逐步成为世界级规模的石化基地。 裕廊工业区围绕石油和化工这个核心产业深入拓展，按照产业链进行合理延伸，不断增强产业链各个环节的实力，提高相关企业的市场竞争力，在园区内形成产
业集聚优势，从而保证园区的整体竞争力。 法国索菲亚?安蒂波里斯技术城 园区占地23平方公里，是在巴黎高等矿业学校和“索菲亚协会”（当地银行、地主以及政府有关部门共同成立）下主导建设的，并得到了政府的大力支持。索菲亚?安蒂波里斯技术城建立于1969年，是法国创办最早、规模最大、最有影响的一个科技园区。 主导产业突出，信息通信业成为园区主要的高新技术产业集群。信息通信类产业占据重要地位，企业数占园区高新技术企业总数的80%，有300多家著名IT公司的地区总部设在这里，聚集了50多个国家的1.6万多名工程师，成为法国电子信息产业发展的重要基地。 主要从事创新和研发环节，以及少量的小批量生产。园区企业以创新和研发活动为主，制造、物流、市场和销售等环节相对滞后。由于缺乏产业发展配套环境和产品市场需求，对园区进一步发展产生一定的制约作用。 采取多种途径支持企业创业发展。包括：引入高等学校和研究机构，成为法国高校和研究机构最为集中的地区，为园区提供技术创新源泉；充分利用国内国际资源，大力发展支持企业创业发展的孵化器和风险投资；活跃的非政府组织，建立大量协会和俱乐部来为各种机构的交往提供中介服务和平台。 每年有大量企业诞生。园区年均新增企业120～160家(企业总数1276家)，每年大概80～120家企业退出，年净增40～80家企业。 。 集中了多家跨国公司的研发中心和地区总部。外国人拥有的公司有170家，占园区企业数的13%，工作岗位占园区创造的直接工作岗位总数的24%。 良好的园区生态环境。非常重视生活质量，大面积自然绿化带，得天独厚的气候和环境，低建筑密度，无污染产业。 政府主导驱动。园区设立来自于政府主导意志，并非市场自然形成；政府对园区发展给予资金、政策等方面的支持；政府官员及其他知名人士对园区进行推广和宣传。 韩国大德科技园 大德科技园区（研发特区）成立于1973年，位于韩国大田广域市儒城区，在首都首尔（原汉城）以南160公里，是韩国最大的科技园，被称为“韩国科技的摇篮”和“新技术的孵化器”。电子产业高度聚集，光电、航天航空、生物医药等
?工业园案例：工业园区转型升级模式对比分析 ?发布时间：2018-5-21 11:32:00 | 925 人感兴趣 | 评分：3 | 收藏：0 壹商网独家策划：初始模式为传统工业园区，随着技术的发展带来产业革命，产生了生态工业园、高新技术科技园、电子产业园、IT产业园、创意产业园等，产业集群的效应带来了产业新城的时代。之前，壹商网已介绍了城市更新的工业园转型升级模式。今天，壹商网将分享工业区改造升级及工业办公物业模式下的工业园区转型升级模式对比分析。 前程回顾：创意产业园案例——厦门留学生创业园 工业园转型案例:唐山曹妃甸及新加坡裕廊工业园 工业园升级转型及案例——苏州工业园 案例一：台湾新竹科学园一、园区简况 新竹科学园区包括工业园和科学城两大部分，依托雄厚的产业基础，新竹已发展成以IC 产业为主导的产业集群。
二、转型演变 在科学工业园的基础上成立了科学城，使得整个新竹科学园区在功能上更加完善。 三、完善配套 高端居住区、完善的生活配套，打造了一处便捷、高效的生活城。
1、香山山城：新竹青草湖附近，占地500公顷，规划为可供1.5万人居住的大社区，为本园区及附近区域的民众提供居住。 2、园区还具备完善的商业、休闲娱乐、教育、医疗配套 四、工业旅游 重视“工业旅游”开发，通过遗迹保存、展示中心打造等将旅游和工业相融合，以此成为营销宣传的重要手段。
1、历史古迹城：将历史古迹完善保存，并以人行道将诸多古迹连接起来，形成新竹的观光资源。 2、园区展示中心等其他旅游相关设施丰富。 案例二、环保旅游生态城“海尔工业园”一、园区简况 海尔集团在青岛共设立有五大园区，拥有完整家电产业链。 海尔集团创立于1984年，在短短17年的时间里，从一个濒临倒闭的集体小厂发展壮大成为在国内外享有广泛声誉的跨国企业集团。
中国和新加坡境外工业园区比较及启示 中国与新加坡海外工业园区相比，中国境外经贸合作区建设的基础条件较为薄弱，缺乏对外投资的总体战略布局，政府在园区建设中发挥的作用相对被动，对外投资产业竞争优势不足，园区区位选择不平衡性凸显。因此，中国可以借鉴新加坡海外工业园区建设的成功经验，加强园区的产业配套服务，找准对外投资的优势产业定位，通过区域经济合作手段为企业“走出去”铺平道路，结合中国实际情况进行产业转移与升级，从而在新时期更好地建设中国境外经贸合作区。 关键词新加坡海外工业园区对外投资 中国和新加坡是亚洲的两个重要经济体，它们同受儒家文化的影响，外向型经济均在两国占有重要地位，国家战略均在两国经济中发挥重要作用。在对外投资领域，两国也都采取了建立境外园区的方式带动国内企业“走出去”。然而，由于在国家制度、经济发展水平、地理环境等方面存在诸多差异，中新两国境外园区的建设也呈现出不同特点。通过比较研究两国境外园区在建设动机、开发模式、产业定位、区位选择等方面的差异，可以探寻新加坡海外工业园区建设的成功要素，为中国新时期境外经贸合作区建设提供值得借鉴的经验。 一、中新两国境外园区概述 （一）中国境外经贸合作区 境外经贸合作区是指在国家统筹指导下，国内企业在境外建设或参与建设的基础设施较为完善，产业链较为完整，辐射和带动能力强，影响力大的加工区、科技产业园等各类经济贸易合作区。中国企业在境外投资建设经贸合作区是以企业为主体，以商业运作为基础，以促进互利共赢为目的，主要由企业根据市场情况、东道国投资环境和引资政策等多方面因素进行决策。通过建设经贸合作区，吸引更多的企业到东道国投资建厂，增加东道国就业和税收，扩大出口创汇，提升技术水平，促进经济共同发展。 2006年6月和2007年7月，商务部分两批公开招标境外经贸合作区，在15个国家确定了19个境外经贸合作区项目。目前已有部分投人运营。截至2010年9月底，19个合作区实施企业基础建设累计完成投资约6．7亿美元，人区企业投资约28.3亿美元；实际平整土地面积1745万平方米；12个合作区有企业入驻，人区企业数量达193家。中国政府支持有实力的中国企业到一些国家和地区开展多种形式的互利共赢合作，并从发展资金、授信、税收、审批、通关、安全、保险、培训等方面对境外经贸合作区的建设给予政策支持。 （二）新加坡海外工业园区 为了充分利用活跃的亚太经济和周边国家潜力巨大的资源和市场，新加坡按照国家战略经济计划，凭借本国在资金、技术、管理等方面的优势，由政府主导在关系友好的东道国选址建设海外工业园区。为了吸引新加坡企业及跨国公司入驻，带动当地就业和经济发展，入驻园区的企业可享受相应优惠政策。 新加坡从20世纪90年代初开始在印度尼西亚、越南、中国、印度等国家建立海外工业园区，目前已建有十余个。新加坡海外工业园区的建设始终秉承相同的设计理念和组织方式，并积极引人新加坡优质的基础设施建设标准和廉洁高效的行政管理理念，从而在东道国园区内营造出类似新加坡的适宜外商投资的商业环境，增强东道国吸引外资的能力，因此颇受东道国欢迎。新加坡海外工业园区建设源自政府出台的“区域化2000”计划（Regional2000 Progranune），以期为新加坡的持续发展拓展外部空间。新加坡政府机构和政联公司（Govem －ment－Linked companies）积极参与到海外工业园区的开发和招商引资工作中，如经济发展局（EDB）、新加坡技术工业公司（即现在的胜科工业集团，SembCorpIndustries）和廊裕镇公司（JurongTown corporatinn）的分支机构（即现在的JTC Corporation）等。 二、中新两国境外园区差异分析 （一）母国经济地理条件不同 新加坡独特的地理条件、较高的经济发展水平和外向型经济特点为建立海外工业园区奠定了基础。新加坡是一个城市国家，资源相对匾乏，土地面积仅710平方公里，但其扼守马
裕廊工业园 新加坡裕廊工业园，是亚洲最早成立的开发区之一，位于新加坡岛西南部的海滨地带，距市区约10多公里，面积为60平方公里。1961年政府在裕廊划定6480公顷土地发展工业园区，并拨出1亿新元进行基础建设。1968年园区内的厂房，港口、码头、铁路、公路、电力、供水等各种基础设施建设基本完成，同年6月新加坡政府成立裕廊镇管理局(JTC)，专门负责经营管理裕廊工业区和全国其它各工业区。 新加坡裕廊工业园区 是亚洲最早成立的开发区之一。二战后，新加坡是一个缺乏资源、工业基础落后、失业率极高的弹丸之地。为了改变这种面貌，新加坡建立了开发区，选择了以吸引跨国公司投资为主的发展道路。其工业园区的成功建立使新加坡实现了快速工业化，且时至今日依然保持发展活力。 开发模式 其开发模式一直是亚洲其他发展中国家借鉴和模仿的对象。 一、从荒芜之地到工业中心 裕廊位于新加坡岛西南部的海滨地带，距市区约10多公里，面积为60平方公里。此地区原本为荒芜之地，大部分地貌是沼泽和丘陵，但是具有建设现代化工业区的良好自然地理条件。1961年政府计划在裕廊划定6480公顷土地发展工业园区，并拨出1亿新元进行基础建设。1968年园区内的厂房，港口、码头、铁路、公路、电力、供水等各种基础设施建设基本完成，同年6月新加坡政府成立裕廊镇管理局(JTC)，专门负责经营管理裕廊工业区和全国其它各工业区。 截止到2003年底，新加坡岛内已建立了30多个工业园区，共占地8025公顷，已开发5069公顷，包含了7000多家跨国公司和本地的高技术制造业公司，对GDP的直接贡献率为25%，雇佣了全国1/3以上的劳动力。其中裕廊镇管理局公司(JTC Corporation)是这些工业园区的主要开发者。 二、循序渐进的三大阶段 裕廊工业园区的发展建设前后分为三个阶段： 1、劳动密集型产业主导阶段(1961-1979年)：此阶段的入区企业以劳动密集型产业为主，主要是为了解决新加坡就业问题，改变其工业落后的面貌。经过这一阶段的发展，新加坡的经济结构发生了巨大的转变，到70年代末，新加坡失业率从1965年的10%下降到3.3%；制造业占GDP的比重由1965年的15%上升到27%。 2、技术与资本主导阶段(1980-1989年)：为了吸引高附加值的资本与技术密集型产业，JTC启动了10年的总体规划(1980-1990年)，此项规划体现了这个阶段的服务特点，即为高增长型的企业设计和提供具有差异化的设施和厂房，包括将南部的岛屿开发区开发成石油化工产品的生产和配售中心，将罗央开发成第一个航空工业中心以及建设新加坡科技园区以容纳科技开发型企业。 3、知识经济主导阶段(1990年以来)：从20世纪90年代开始，有限的土地资源和激烈的竞争将工业园区的发展推进到一个新的时期。出现了商业园、技术园、后勤园等新概念的园区。为了提高集约化利用园区的土地，JTC将成本效益分析和知识经济融合到工业园区的设计和发展之中。 三、公共管理性质的开发运营模式 1、政府主导的开发运营模式 新加坡工业园区的开发运营主要是由政府垄断开发。不论是在最初的管理机构——经济发展局，还是后来在从经济发展局独立而出的裕廊管理局的管理之下，新加坡工业园区的公共物品特性很强。 在整个开发过程中，裕廊工业园区的资金筹集、土地运用、招商引资等均采用一级政府统一规划，专业化分工建设、管理和服务协调相配合的发展模式。园区的初期开发建设资金来自政府。后期资金的来源虽呈多样化趋向，但项
上海金山工业区 https://www.doczj.com/doc/182291055.html, 文章来自: 转载 2006-07-06 11:46:44 上海金山工业区地处上海市西南，杭州湾北岸，是上海及长江三角洲对外开放的南大门，规划面积为58平方公里，是上海市九大市级工业区之一。工业区规划方案由新加坡裕廊顾问私人有限公司设计，整个方案融入了国际先进的规划设计理念，形态新颖，结构独特，整个规划充分体现了生态和人性化的特点。工业区分为一个主中心、一个新金山国际社区和两个产业园。重点发展生物制药、电子信息、机械制 造和精细化工等产业。 金山工业区交通便捷、地理位置优越，内有4条高速公路，其中亭枫高速公路向西通向浙江省杭州市等地，向东通向浦东国际机场；莘奉金等高速公路向北通往上海市区，向西通过杭州湾大桥通往浙江省宁波市等地；嘉金高速公路向北连接沪杭、沪青平、沪宁高速公路直通江苏省等地；同三高速公路向北通往江苏省等地，直至黑龙江省，向南通往浙江省等地，直至海南省。 金山工业区将以独特的区位优势，优惠灵活的政策，优质热忱的服务，积极负责园区投资开发、建设管理、项目申办、招商服务和关系协调。竭诚欢迎海内外客商前来投资兴业，共谋发展。 工业区设施 金山工业区由国际著名的新加坡裕廊顾问公司规划设计，在吸收众多产业园成功经验的基础上，结合园区产业发展安排，形成“两轴、两心、两区”，精心布置水系和绿地，高标准建设道路、电力、供水、雨污水排放、天然气、电信与宽带等“九通一平”基础设施，规划建设集居住、教育、商务、会展、运动、休闲等多种功能于一体的“新金山国际生活社区”，充分体现生态化、个性化、现代化和国际化的发展理 念。
新加坡裕廊化工岛考察报告 目录 新加坡裕廊化工岛考察报告 (1) 目录 (1) 1. 新加坡工业发展进程 (2) 1) 劳动密集阶段。 (2) 2) 资本密集阶段。 (2) 3) 技术密集阶段。 (2) 4) 知识密集阶段。 (3) 2. 新加坡石油化工发展战略 (3) 3. 新加坡工业发展招商引资 (4) 1) 合理分工，提高政府服务水平。 (4) 2) 提倡群组，从规模经济中获益。 (5) 3) 政策的固定性 (5) 4) 盯住大企业与跟随效应的应用。 (5) 4. 裕廊化工岛发展历程 (5) 5. 裕廊化工岛发展目标 (6) 6. 裕廊化工岛基础设施建设 (6) 1) 填海 (6) 2) 道路设施 (7) 3) 陆路交通运输 (7) 4) 港口设施 (8) 5) 污水处理 (9) 6) 场地竖向 (9) 7) 防洪潮设施 (9) 8) 消防设施 (9) 9) 绿化布置 (10) 7. 裕廊化工岛服务设施建设 (10) 8. 裕廊化工岛产业发展 (10) 10) 炼油石油化工 (10) 11) 液体仓储 (10) 9. 裕廊化工岛土地管理 (11) 10. 裕廊化工岛管理 (11) 11. 经验借鉴 (12) 1) 适度超前、逐步实施的的规划 (12) 2) 完备的基础设施 (12) 3) 完备的化工体系 (13) 4) 科研开发成为重心 (13) 5) 信息技术蓬勃发展 (14) 6) 优惠关税吸引投资者 (14)
2005年5月6日－5月11日，由惠州大亚湾经济技术开发区组成的考察组对马来西亚、新加坡两国进行了参观考察，其中5月10日上午重点对裕廊化工岛进行了现场参观和提问。下面是广东省规划设计研究院对新加坡裕廊化工岛考察的一些体会。 1.新加坡工业发展进程 新加坡工业发展主要经历了以下四个阶段。 劳动密集阶段 独立初期，新加坡失业率高达10%，劳动力成本低廉，鉴于新加坡是印尼、马来西亚两地的主要转口贸易中心和加工中心，新政府首先采取了发展出口导向型的劳动密集型制造业的方针，主要行业为传统手工业，如软饮料、砖土陶瓷、玻璃、印刷、木材、橡胶，之后又发展了纺织、电子零部件等产业。政府为此采取了改善基础设施、实行税务优惠、鼓励本地投资创业、提供银行与贷款服务等措施，此外将1961年就成立了的经济发展局的主要职能定为“招商引资”，为新加坡走出独立初期的经济困境起到了重要作用。 进入70年代后，新加坡政府开始注重发展资本密集型制造业。力求最大限度解决失业问题，实现全民就业，因此开始大力提倡工业自动化，加强了在造船修船业、炼油厂等方面的建设。这期间，新政府设立了裕廊镇管理局，统筹工业园区和厂房的开发建设，开始大量吸收外资、特别是来自跨国公司的投资。 此间，新加坡经济年平均增长10%，到1979年，新加坡失业率已从1965年独立时的10%下降到3.3%；制造业占GDP的比重由1965年的15%上升到27%。 资本密集阶段 80年代初期，新政府开始着手重组经济结构，将制造业朝着高附加价值、资本密集型和技术密集型方向转化。此外，研发、设计、工程、信息科技等行业逐步兴起，以国际著名跨国公司为投资主体的电脑、电脑附件制造业以及石化制造业陆续落户新加坡。 为经济顺利转型，新政府提出“自动化、机械化、电脑化”发展方针，开始重视通过教育和培训开发人力资源，政府鼓励高附加值和技术密集型投资和发展高附加值服务业等。 此间的1985年，受美国经济衰退的影响，新加坡经济曾一度萎缩了 1.6%，但平均增长率仍高达6.8%，技术工人比率上升至22%。 技术密集阶段。 1986－1998年是新加坡经济高速发展的黄金鼎盛时期。特别是进入90年代，新加坡已经完全跻身于亚洲新兴工业国的行列。新加坡已经具备整体商务开发能力，即从研发到产品设计与生产，到国际销售一条龙作业的能力。
“国家综合配套改革试验”专题国内外开发区模式比较及经验:典型案例研究 设置开发区是促进区域发展的一种方式，有利于带动区域经济的发展，形成辐射作用，并带动其他区域的发展。从国内外开发区的形成和发展来看，一些典型开发区具有不同的发展模式，市场和政府在开发区中的作用也因为区域经济发展的不同阶段、市场经济的成熟程度而有所差别。通过比较研究国内外开发区模式，总结其成功经验，可以为目前国家综合配套改革试验区的改革提供有益启示。 一、国外开发区模式 (一)美国硅谷 1、硅谷概况 硅谷位于美国加利福尼亚州旧金山以南，包括圣塔克拉拉郡及其与圣·蒙特尔、阿拉米达、圣塔克鲁兹等郡邻近的部分，总面积约3880平方公里，人口243万(2005年)。硅谷是世界一流园区的典型代表，是世界其他国家和地区进行高技术开发所效仿的对象。 20世纪50年代初到60年代末是硅谷崛起和初步发展时期。硅谷的发展模式，即“学术－工业综合体”，以及风险资本与创新公司的初步结合基本定型。20世纪70年代初到80年代中期，是硅谷的大发展时期。1971年微处理器的发明使生产微机成为可能。微处理器使硅谷从而也使整个美国进入了微电子时代。20世纪80年代到90年代中期，硅谷由低潮重新走向高潮，软件业的崛起很快使硅谷度过了危机，硅谷的非物质化进程，使硅谷率先进入了“信息社会”。20世纪90年代中期到现在，硅谷大规模进入网络时代，网络时代又带来了软件业的昌盛。这是软件业和网络业同时大发展时期，也是硅谷的社会文化和人们的思维领域发生根本变化的时期。 2、硅谷的发展模式 硅谷成功的原因得益于大学、政府的作用和风险资本投资、战争政治环境以及创新企业家的革新等，但从发展模式看，主要有以下三种： (1)从机制上讲，硅谷首创了一种科、技、产三位一体的发展模式，其中政府起重要的中介力量。这种“硅谷现象”是科技发展的一种新的社会形态，也是整个高科技产业发展的最大特色。三位一体的发展模式，是硅谷发展的内在动力，它在硅谷产生了三大划时代的变化：第一，改变了硅谷的生产力结构，使得知识也即高科技迅速成为生产力中的首要因素，即第一位的生产力；同时也改变了生产力中劳动者的结构以及生产工具的性质和功能。第二，改变了硅谷的经济结构，使硅谷直接从农业社会过渡到后工业社会，即以高科技为主导的知识社会，第一次使非物质生产在硅谷经济中远远超过了物质生产，硅谷渐渐变成一个高水准的研究和控制中心——即硅谷主要的微电子公司的总部和复杂的研究、产品设计以及新的以技术为基础的创新公司建立的场所，而不是生产和制造中心。第三，改变了硅谷的阶级结构和职业结构，产生了一个新的中产阶级，即包括科学家、工程师以及其他技术人员在内的技术专家阶层，这一阶层已经代替了农场主成为硅谷劳动力中比例最大的阶层。 除上述之外，三位一体的发展模式本身就是一种创新的社会技术，是一种有机的浑然一体的网络式合作组织。这种合作是多层次、多渠道的，不仅有横向的，还有纵向的；不仅是宏观的，也是微观的，是一种渗透性网络式合作。横向的、宏观的指不同机构之间的合作，即政府、创新企业、风险资本投资公司、学校和公共机构(基金会、非赢利组织等)之间的合作；微观的合作指的是企业间的合作。 (2)遵循以中小企业为核心的发展模式。中小企业是硅谷最有活力的力量，也是知识经济中的一支重要力量。因为在知识经济中，企业不是依靠自然资源而是依靠智力资源即科学和知识来发展，所以企业不需要大规模，而更需要小批量生产(batch production)以及弹性的、开放式的经营模式。硅谷组成了有机合作的高技术工业区，高技术小公司在新产品的生产过程中互相合作，既能保持小规模，又具有全球竞争力。在公司规模变大时，硅谷则选择裂变的形式，将高技术工业中标准化产品的制造部门移往南部或西部地区，而硅谷只保留研究和开发的功能，硅谷的成功在很大程度上缘于这种发展模式。
新加坡工业园区基本情况及政策 一新加坡工业园区的发展情况社会稳定、高效的行政管理、良好的商务环境和合理的商务成本以及舒适的生活环境是新加坡吸引外来投资的主要优势。成立于1968年的裕廊集团是新加坡贸工部所属的法定机构，专门负责新加坡的工业园区开发和管理。目前，裕廊集团管理的各类园区和标准厂房区共38个，占地总面积约70平方公里，吸引了约7000多家公司投资。 为了配合国家的产业发展战略，充分利用土地等资源，裕廊集团规划、开发了多个特色工业园，主要有：裕廊岛石油化学工业园（也称化工岛）位于新加坡岛西南部的海滨地带，面积为31平方公里。具有建设现代化工业区的良好自然地理条件；有水深近12米的天然良港；临近新加坡至马来西亚的铁路和公路干线；基础设施及工业原料齐备。目前吸引了70多家石油、石化及特殊化学品公司，总投资额超过200亿新元。晶圆制造园裕廊集团在新加坡本岛的兀兰、淡宾尼以及白沙开发了三个晶圆制造园，以吸引高增值的晶圆制造大公司。 商务园裕廊集团目前管理着两个商务园——樟宜商务园和裕廊东商务园，主要吸引分销、库存管理、货运管理服务以及高科技制造公司入区。 科学园除了已经建成的新加坡科学园以外，又开发了纬壹科学园和大士生物医药园，主要是为科学家提供良好的科研场所。 二、新加坡工业园区鼓励投资的优惠政策新加坡基本上是一个自由港，除汽车、石油产品、烟酒等外，对其它商品不征收关税。公司所得税税率为20%，来自岸外公司的红利收入免征所得税。商品及服务税（即消费税）税率为3%。 新加坡吸引投资的优惠政策主要依据为《经济扩展奖励法案》，相关的经济、科技、信息、交通运输、金融等部门根据该法案制定出本行业的投资优惠政策，主要体现在税赋的减免、科技研发费用的补贴、融资支持等方面，同时分别在金融业、运输业、制造业推出了区域总部奖励计划。现简述如下：（一）先锋企业奖励。享有先锋企业（包括制造业和服务业）称号的公司，公司所得税（目前税率为20%）可减免5年至10年。先锋企业由新加坡政府有关部门界定，通常情况下，从事新加坡目前还未大规模开展而且经济发展需要的生产或服务的企业，或从事良好发展前景的生产或服务的企业可以申请“先锋企业”资格。 （二）发展和扩展奖励。一定基数以上的公司所得税可享受最低为5%的公司所得税率，为期10年，最长可延长到20年。此项政策主要是为了鼓励企业不断增加在高新技术和高附加值领域增加投资并提升设备和运营水平，享受此优惠的企业不一定是
国际经济观察 摘要：中国开发区的建设已经进入了一个新阶段，但部分开发区的建设发展不尽人意。因此，本文以新加坡作为一个视角研究工业园区的管理体系的创新，得出一些有建设性的策略提升中国工业园区管理的创新体系。 关键词：新加坡，工业园，管理体系，中国 Abstract:Developing Zone has been entering into a new stage in China at present,but some of them have been developed in a unsatisfied level.Therefore,the paper has explored the innovations on the managerial system in Industrial Parks regarded Singapore as a sam-ple.Based on that case,it has provided several useful strategies to improve the development of Industrial Parks in China. Keywords:Singapore；Industrial Park；Managerial Sys tem；China 在20世纪90年代兴起的新一轮改革大潮中，我国各省、市、县以及乡政府建立了几千家各类开发区，其中一部分非常成功，也有许多开发区的经营状况却不尽如人意。对于经济技术开发区来说，其政策导向主要是吸引世界经济中位居主导地位的国家的主导产业和新兴产业来华投资的跨国公司，政府通过工业园为投资者提供公共产品，新加坡作为一个范例已经引起了学者们的注意，一方面，它有能力承担尖端产品的生产；另一方面，通过不断提高园区的服务能力和容量来吸引外国大公司的研发部门和总部。这就是我们以新加坡作为一个视角，探究工业园区的管理创新体制的原因所在。 一、新加坡工业园区管理体系的特点 上世纪60年代，新加坡在裕廊镇设立了第一个工业区，随着出口导向工业化战略的实施，裕廊工业区的外商投资不断增加，其规模也不断扩大，它的管理体制有如下特点：园区发展方向明确，园区规划合理超前，园区配套设施完善，园区用地集约高效。从新加坡的园区管理的体系建设，我们可以从中体会到：第一层次，是一般经济管理范畴，即规划和建设现代化城镇并为之招商。具体内容包括：城市规划和城市管理；水、电、道路等基础设施的开发和管理，土地和建筑开发，通过市场机制合理配置和高效使用资金、物资、能源、人才等生产要素，建立信息系统，招商引资，发展旅游产业。 第二层次，为经济体制改革范畴，管理城镇的经济和社会。这些经验主要是：所有外资、内资企业均实行现代企业制度，政府对企业只服务不干涉；建立法人投资和银行信贷的风险责任，企业拥有投资自主权；劳动者竞争就业，实行全员劳动合同制，有关部门定期发布工资增长指导线．实行集养老、失业、住房、医疗、生育保险为一体，自我储蓄的公积金制度；大力发展会计、审计、律师、仲裁、质量认证等市场中介组织；建立推动企业技术进步的机制；建立服务周到的邻里中心等。 第三层次，属于政治文明和精神文明范畴，即“廉政法制和精神文明”，核心在于借鉴新加坡的“廉政建设”。主要体现在：减少政府的行政干预，用公开透明的市场竞争机制来代替政府指令，以达到公正。 二、苏州新加坡工业园区的模式经验 苏州工业园区是由中国和新加坡两国政府正式签署协议合作兴办的，其发展目标是建设一个以高新技术为导向、现代工业为主体、第三产业和社会公益事业相配套的具有一定规模的现代化工业园区。 ①苏州工业园区的招商理念有着非常明确的两个字：“亲商”。亲商就是要为投资者创造一流的投资环境，提供优质服务，为投资者着想。另外，苏州工业园区在全国率先实行的“人本”管理理念，对各类人才产生了巨大的吸引力，增强了他们对苏州的归宿感。 ②苏州工业园区成功地运用了新加坡城市规划建设管理和环保管理经验。规划呈现出以下几个特点：彻底实现“两先两后”，即先规划后建设，先地下后地上的科学开发程序，从而有效地解决了国内很多开发区尚普遍存在的不科学做法；坚持依法从严的规划管理原则，实施了《苏州工业园区规划建设管理办法》；建立了专家依法治园的规划管理体制，采用国际上发达国家的通行办法。 ③苏州工业园区机构设置的特点是：一是政企分开；二是高度精简；三是园区本身不设事业单位，仿照新加坡成立法定机构的形式，通过政府独资或控股设立企业，然后由政府特定授权，使企业承担某些行政性事务职能，按工作量获得政府机构支付的费用。 ④苏州工业园区公积金制度是借鉴了新加坡公积金制度的成功经验，其核心机制是预筹积累的个人帐户。公积金的绝大部分归员工个人所有。这种以个人账户为核心的公积金制度，在政府的监督下，预筹使用，以解决自己及其家庭的住房、医疗和养老问题，对保障中方员工的基本权益、促进人才资源的合理流动和保持员工稳定起到了积极的作用。 ⑤苏州工业园规划建设邻里中心，实现以人为本，以社区为家。每个社区都有自己集文化、娱乐、便民服务与商业网点为一体的邻里中心，为居民提供全方位的服务，显现出面向新世纪的社区服务的发展趋势。 三、新加坡工业园区的管理体系对中国的启示 ①增强园区的独立性。园区所从事的基本上是竞争性的活动。在一个区域竞争和全球竞争都很激烈的环境中，商业活动的 新加坡工业园区管理体系的分析及对中国的启示 □周红郭颖李晓宇 88 特区经济Special Zone Economy2009年8月
1、总体概况 裕廊工业园位于新加坡岛西南部的海滨地带，距市区10多公里20世纪60年代开始由新加坡政府创办，园区规划面积64.8平方公里。区内约有7000家本土及跨国公司进驻，从最初的出口加工制造等逐步向通讯技术、生命科学等众多高新技术企业演化，推动了新加坡进入新兴工业国家。 在发展初期根据新加坡发展国际物流中心的需要，结合新加坡靠近中东产油区的区位优势，选择传统加工，但市场前景好，特别是适合发挥自己区位优势的石油化工业作为主导产业，重点发展，以后逐步推进升级，发展电子、通讯等高科技产业。 2、产业布局 裕廊具有建设现代工业园区的良好条件：这里有水深近12米的天然良港；临近新加坡至马来西亚的铁路、公路干线；裕廊河流经区内，可提供工业用水；土地大部国有，征用费用低廉；多山丘砂石，可用于平整沼泽，填海造地。 另外，园区招商主要针对三类客户群体，分别是：战略性公司，重点吸引其财务、市场等重要部门至园区内；技术创新型公司，重点吸引其核心产品及技术研发的部门至园区内；公司的重要部门，重点吸引其最复杂的生产程序和最先进的生产技术部门到园区内。 根据产业性质来看产业布局：东北部离城区和高校较近处规划为新兴工业和无污染工业区，重点发展电子、电器及技术密集型产业；中部为轻工业和一般工业区；沿海相对独立的西南部规划为港口和重工业区，安排发展钢铁、造船等大型骨干企业。紧邻港口的小岛区域为石化区，重点发展石油化工和特种化学品产业。沿裕廊河两岸则规划了住宅区和各种社会服务区。 石化区已有78家石油、石化和特种化学品公司进驻。园区内目前有2个炼油厂、3个乙烯厂和1个电厂。知名的扩过石油公司有杜
新加坡裕_=8A：工业园区发展典范 作者：文/ 赵红苹来源：产业园报道日期：2013-03-28 10:04:18 有时，过去曾经充满坎坷与挑战的发展史，比现今的卓越与辉煌更惹人关注，新加坡裕廊工业园就是如此。 50年前，裕廊还是一片荒芜之地，大部分为沼泽与丘陵，但如今，它已发展成为世界著名的“花园工业镇”。只占用不到全国十分之一的国土面积，裕廊工业园贡献了新加坡超过20%的GDP，吸收了全国1/3以上的劳动人口，堪称工业园区发展典范。 回顾往昔，品味历史沉淀，让我们逐步揭开裕廊工业园成功的神秘面纱，为尚处在产业转型升级中的深圳带来一些启示。 政府主导市场化运作 政府是科技产业和园区建设发展的决定力量，在裕廊工业园开发运营的早期阶段，新加坡采用了政府垄断开发的制度安排，具有很强的超自主性质。 1961年8月，新加坡政府成立了国家经济发展局，负责投资、建设、招商、服务、产业政策等全过程．为早期开发区的快速启动奠定了基础；1968年6月1日，经济发展局工业园区部独立出来，成为裕廊镇管理局，主要职能为发展和管理土地、园区、不动产、城镇和国外用于工商业发展的地产，以及为工商业发展提供便利条件。 通过采取这种政府垄断的开发运营模式，新加坡对裕廊工业园区的资金筹集、土地运用、招商引资等进行统一规划，可以快速并以较低成本获取私人土地，保证园区项目快速启动并尽快达到规模经济，同时有效吸引跨国公司的投资，还降低了国内园区之间的竞争，该模式后来不断被亚洲其他发展中国家学习和效仿。 尽管如此，裕廊镇管理局却不是传统意义上的政府机构，它实质上是一个房地产开发商及专业服务提供商，采用的是公司模式，通过投资于土地和设施并通过其产品和服务的销售来获得收入。在裕廊园区的开发运营过程中，裕廊镇管理局不断调整管理体制，目标是通过对法定机构的调整，使其行为更加企业化和市场化。 为更好地应对新经济，2001年，裕廊管理局进行了改组，成为裕廊集团，下设腾飞公司、裕廊国际、裕廊港三个全资子公司，其中，腾飞公司负责科学园、商业园、工业园等商务空间的开发和管理，裕廊国际负责咨询、规划设计及项目建设和管理，而裕廊港口与全球50多个国家和80多个港口保持贸易运输关系，被评为“亚太区最佳集装箱码头”。改组后，裕廊集团的经营运作更加企业化，对市场的反应更加灵敏，并在吸引、挽留和激励人才方面更具灵活性。 硬、软环境建设并重 “硬环境”是工业园区发展的基础，“软环境”则是保障工业园区正常运作和健康发展的关键。过去50年中，裕廊工业园一直保持旺盛的招商吸引力，与其施行“‘硬’先行、‘软’制胜，硬软环境建设并重”的发展战略密切相关。 为高效、迅速改善裕廊工业园区发展的“硬环境”，新加坡政府在园区建设初始阶段投入了大量资金，用于园区的基础设施建设，建成了总长达一百多公里的区内现代化公路网、发电量占全国一半以上的裕廊电厂、裕廊港码头、自来水厂以及三百多幢标准厂房等，为工业区的未来发展打下了坚实基础。同时，裕廊工业园区还兴建了学校、科学馆、商场、体育馆等各种社会服务配套设施，成功将生产、商务、生活、娱乐、休闲融为一体，充分满足园区内人才的多方位需求。 而软环境建设方面，裕廊工业园区则强调，在统一的宏观经济环境下，更加注重管理体制和职能创新，积极为入园企业创造稳定、透明、低廉、高效、舒适的营商环境，而并非只是简_=95的“政策特区”。比如，制度安排方面，裕廊工业园区是中央和地方政府合一的单一层次体制，可以为企业提供一站式服务，有效提高企业的投资许可、营业执照、城市规划与建设设计许可、劳动力、税收、进出口报关服务等与政府相关的交易速度，降
工业园案例：工业园区转型升级模式对比分析
?工业园案例：工业园区转型升级模式对比分析?发布时间：2013-5-21 11:32:00 | 925 人感兴趣| 评分：3 | 收藏：0 壹商网独家策划：初始模式为传统工业园区，随着技术的发展带来产业革命，产生了生态工业园、高新技术科技园、电子产业园、IT产业园、创意产业园等，产业集群的效应带来了产业新城的时代。之前，壹商网已介绍了城市更新的工业园转型升级模式。今天，壹商网将分享工业区改造升级及工业办公物业模式下的工业园区转型升级模式对 比分析。 前程回顾：创意产业园案例——厦门留学生创业园 工业园转型案例:唐山曹妃甸及新加坡裕廊工业园 工业园升级转型及案例—— 苏州工业园 案例一：台湾新竹科学园 一、园区概况 新竹科学园区包括工业园和科学城两大
部分，依托雄厚的产业基础，新竹已发展成以IC产业为主导的产业集群。 二、转型演变 在科学工业园的基础上成立了科学城，使得整个新竹科学园区在功能上更加完善。
三、完善配套 高端居住区、完善的生活配套，打造了一处便捷、高效的生活城。 1、香山山城：新竹青草湖附近，占地500公顷，规划为可供1.5万人居住的大社区，
为本园区及附近区域的民众提供居住。 2、园区还具备完善的商业、休闲娱乐、教育、医疗配套 四、工业旅游 重视“工业旅游”开发，通过遗迹保存、展示中心打造等将旅游和工业相融合，以此成为营销宣传的重要手段。 1、历史古迹城：将历史古迹完善保存，并以人行道将诸多古迹连接起来，形成新竹的观光资源。
2、园区展示中心等其他旅游相关设施丰富。 案例二、环保旅游生态城“海尔工业园” 一、园区概况 海尔集团在青岛共设立有五大园区，拥有完整家电产业链。 海尔集团创立于1984年，在短短17年的时间里，从一个濒临倒闭的集体小厂发展壮大成为在国内外享有广泛声誉的跨国企业集团。
东方产业地产经典范本：新加坡裕廊之道 不夸张地说，裕廊集团（JTC）的案例，是每一位中国产业地产参与者的必修教材。 创建于1968年的裕廊集团是新加坡最大的高级工业园和商业园区的规划、发展和管理商,迄今为止已经建设了7000公顷的工业园区和超过400万平方米的工业厂房。裕廊集团现在还掌管着39个工业园和专业园区的建设，其中包括两个芯片园区、两个商业园、一个坐落于裕廊岛的化学工业中心和一个位于大士的生物工业园。裕廊集团总共为近7000家本地公司及外国公司提供了办公场所。 这些数字显然会令国内的同行瞠目结舌——虽不能至，心向往之。实际上，国内三个比较著名的工业园区，即深圳蛇口工业园区、苏州工业园区和上海浦东金桥[简介最新动态]园区，都是直接以裕廊集团的案例为范本进行复制的。前两者裕廊集团更是直接参与其中，与中国政府合作打造的。 与美国硅谷这种自下而上的、创新研发型中小企业聚集的模式截然不同，裕廊集团是典型的东方模式——政府自上而下的大手笔规划，同时借助企业化运作进行强有力的推动。在“亚洲四小龙”的奇迹中，裕廊集团在新加坡模式中是绝对的亮点，也赢得了中国、印度等亚洲国家的仿效。 特色的成长之路 20世纪60年代之前，新加坡经济以转口贸易为主，工业基础极为薄弱，更无工业区和工业布局可言。当时，所有行政、金融、商业中心，包括一些小型工业和手工业都集中在仅占全国面积1.2%的约8平方公里的市中心区。这里人口密集、交通拥挤，再无工业发展空间。 为此，新加坡政府不得不在市中心区外开辟新的工业区，这就是所谓“卫星镇”的由来。1961年前，新加坡最大的工业区是武吉知马，后来相继开辟了23个工业区，其中最大、最重要、最成功的当属举世闻名的裕廊工业园。