机械工程英语最新版翻译(推荐使用)
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英汉机械工程常用词汇
1. “Bearing(轴承),这可太重要啦!就好比人的关节一样,没有它,机械的运转能顺畅吗?比如汽车的轮子,要是没有好的轴承,那不得颠得七荤八素呀!”
2. “Screw(螺丝)大家都熟悉吧!这小东西可别小瞧,它就像机械世界里的小卫士,紧紧地把各个部分连接在一起。
像我们家里的家具,不都是靠螺丝固定的吗!”
3. “Gear(齿轮)呀,就像是一个团队里的组织者!互相配合才能让机械
高效运转。
想想那些大型机器里,齿轮们默契协作的样子,多神奇!比如那些工厂里的大型设备,齿轮没了可不行!”
4. “Motor(发动机),这可是机械的心脏啊!没有强大的发动机,机械怎么能有活力呢?就如同人的心脏一样给全身提供动力呀!汽车能跑起来不就靠它嘛!”
5. “Welding(焊接),那简直是把机械部件黏合在一起的魔法呀!看看那些钢铁大桥,不就是焊接让它们坚如磐石的吗?就像给机械打了个结实的补丁!”
6. “Piston(活塞)呐,在机械里就像是个勤劳的小精灵,不停地上上下下。
就像我们运动一样,为机械带来动力呢!摩托车的发动机里不就有活塞在努力工作嘛!”
7. “Valve(阀门)哟,控制着流体的进出,就像一个聪明的指挥官。
家里的水龙头不就是个小阀门嘛,开关之间决定水流呢!”
我的观点结论:这些英汉机械工程常用词汇真的超级重要,弄懂它们对于理解和操作机械工程可是关键中的关键啊!。
(仅作参考)Nonferrous Metal elements other than……有色金属元素不同于称为铁的有色金属。
有色金属包括常用的轻金属,比如钛,铍;还有常用的重金属类,比如铜,铅,锡,锌。
重金属里面包换白色金属,包括锡,铅,镉;它们的熔点较低,一般是230到330摄氏度。
高温有色金属包括钼,铌,钽,钨。
钨在所有金属中具有最高的熔点,达到了3400摄氏度。
除铁以外的金属合金被称为有色合金,合金之间可能的组合几乎是无限的。
Stress and strain Stress is defined as……压力是用来定义抵抗材料面对外力和外载荷时的性能指标。
它是根据外在受力的每一份面积来衡量的。
正应力是垂直作用在材料表面上的,也就是指的拉伸和压缩。
另外一种定义是说压力是根据力的作用面积来计算它的数值的。
有一种猜想声称,压力是作用在每个粒子大小的面积上的力综合起来构成的整个作用面上的综合力。
如果确实如此的话,压力就是均衡分布的。
力和力作用的面积可以用来计算出材料内部产生的压力。
随着分极光和光弹性塑料模型的应用,很有可能测算出压力的密度。
Now that we……目前我们认识到了诸多问题如资源有限,能源浪费,材料加工的有害副产品和原材料弃置,期望我们每个人都将接受材料方面的知识确保我们的自然资源被最好的利用并且用工程材料技术来保护环境。
The primary purpose of……退火的主要作用是软化硬钢以便加工或冷加工。
这经常在把零件加热到奥氏体略高于临界温度时达成。
放置原位直到零件温度全部统一,并且在可控频率下缓慢冷却,为了表面温度和零件中心温度大致相同。
这个过程我们称为完全退火。
因为消除之前的微量结构,提炼出晶体结构,并软化金属。
退火也能把之前成型的金属消除内应力。
A machine screw is……机械螺钉的螺纹占了柄的全部长度;螺栓只有部分螺纹。
图9.1注明了所用的专业术语。
因此螺栓,像是螺钉,提供合适的轴承表面以应对外部剪切载荷,螺钉主要依靠在紧密装配表面之间引起摩擦在相同条件下保持紧固力。
机械工程英语课文翻译Introduction在机械工程领域中,掌握英语是非常重要的技能。
本篇文章将介绍一篇机械工程英语课文的翻译,旨在帮助读者提升英语水平和理解机械工程领域的专业术语。
原文原文标题:Introduction to Mechanical Engineering原文内容:Mechanical engineering is a broad field that encompasses various aspects of engineering. It deals with the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers are responsible for creating and improving the machines and systems that enable different industries to function efficiently.The field of mechanical engineering has a long history, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Egyptians. However, it wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century that mechanical engineering became a distinct discipline. This period saw the rise of factories and the need for efficient machines to drive industrial processes.Modern mechanical engineers work on a wide range of projects, from designing and constructing buildings to developing advanced robotics and aerospace systems. They utilize their knowledge of physics, mathematics, and materials science to analyze and solve complex engineering problems.翻译翻译标题:机械工程导论机械工程是一个包含各个工程学科的广泛领域。
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics机械学的基本概念mechanics n.力学modify v.修改,调解,变更manageable a.可控制【管理】的incline v.(使)倾斜ramp n.斜板,斜坡【道】slope v.(使)倾斜friction n.摩擦roll v.滚动multiplier n.放大器,乘法器broom n.扫帚convert v.转变【化】handle n.手柄【把】sweep v.扫荡【描】,掠过efficiency n.效率gauge vt.测【计】量,校验bearing n.轴承ideal mechanical advantage 理想的机械效益neglect vt.忽略Lesson 2 Basic Assumption in Plasticity Theory 塑性理论的基本假设assumption n.假定plasticity n.塑性investigate v.调查,研究deformation n.变形metal forming process 金属成型工艺【过程】strain (rate) n.应变【速率】strength n.强度stress n.应力yield stress 屈服应力flow stress 流动应力tensile stress 拉【伸】应力compressive stress 压【缩】应力shear stress 剪【切】应力geometry n.几何形状elastic a.弹性的springback n.回弹bending n.弯曲,折弯precision forming 精密成型tolerance n.公差continuum n.连续(体)metallurgical a.冶金(学)的grain n.晶粒dislocation n.位错(uni-,tri-,multi-)axial a.(单,三,多)轴(向)的anisotropy n.各向异性cylindrical a.圆柱体的cross-section n.横截面platen n.(工作)台板,模板coincide with 一致,相符validity n.正确有效,合法with ease 轻(而)易(举)的,很容易的Lesson 3 Optimization for Finite Element Applications有限元优化的应用optimization n.优化,优选(法)finite element 有限元iterative a.反复的,迭代的alternative n.a.交替(的),可供选择的manual a.手动的,人工的trial-and-error 试凑法bias vt,n.(使)偏向【重、差】a desktop platform (计算机)桌面平台constrain(t) v,n.强制,约束response n.反【响】应,灵敏度parameter n.参数parametric a.参数的preprocess vt.预(先)加工,预处理mesh n,v.网格,啮合capability n.能力,性能,容量loop n.环,回路,循环pose v.提出model n.模型,样品displacement n.位移,排量,替换buckling n.弯【翘】曲,挠度factor n.因素gradient n.坡【梯】度,斜率flur n.【电,磁,热,光】通量,流量multidisciplinary a.多学科的deflection n.偏移【转,离】,挠曲Lesson 4 Metals 金属toughness n.韧性corrosion n.腐蚀dump v.倾倒,堆放recyle v.反复【循环】利用copper n.铜aluminum n.铝bronze n.青铜(器)alloy n.合金wear v.磨损metallic a.(含)金属(制)的specification n.操作规程,技术要求,说明书extract vt.提炼,萃取iron n.铁carbon n.碳ferrous a.(含)铁的ferrous metals 黑色金属lead n.铅zinc n.锌tin n.锡ore n.矿(石)mineral n,a.矿物(的)impurity n.杂质,不纯Lesson 5 Metallic and Nonmetallic Materials金属和非金属材料magnesium n.镁nickel n.镍brass n.黄铜luster n.光泽ductility n.延展性,可锻性it is likely that 很可能it is certain to (inf.)必然,一定density n.密度be distinguished from 与…区分coefficient n.系数in connection with 关于,与…相关【结合】category n.种类hardness n.硬度elasticity n.弹性beam n.横梁,一束(光)penetration n.贯穿,渗透abrasion n.磨损【耗】roll n,v.轧辊,滚,轧mill n.轧钢机,铣床spring n.弹簧permanent a.永久的rupture n.破【开】裂stamp n.冲压hammer n.(锻)锤Lesson 6 Plastics and Other Materials塑料和其他材料inorganic acid 无机酸sulphuric acid 硫酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸solvent n.溶剂carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳rigid a,n.坚硬的,刚性(的),刚度mould(mold) n.模子,塑模,铸模decoration n.装饰fabricate vt.制造【备】,生产injection molding 注射模塑(法)blow molding 吹塑(法)compression molding 压塑(法),模压(法)extrusion n.挤压vacuum forming 真空模塑(法)powder metallurgy 粉末冶金constituent n,a.组成【的,部分】,组元simultaneously adv.同时subsequently adv.随后coherent a.互相凝聚的,协调一致的fusion n.熔化,熔接crystalline n,a.结晶【的】,晶体【的】restriction n.限制【定】,节流blend n,v.混合【物】,融合press n,v.压力机,压制homogeneous a.均匀的sinter n,vt.烧结【物】Lesson 7 Die Life and Die Failure模具的寿命和失效die n.模具,锻【冲】模,凹模die life 模具寿命die failure 模具损坏deterioration n.变坏,退化,损耗surface finish 表面光洁度breakdown n.破坏,击穿lubrication n.润滑cracking n.裂纹breakage n.断裂mode n.方式,状态,模式thermal fatigue 热疲劳layer n.层abrasive n,a.(研)磨料(的),磨损(的)impression n.模膛,型腔(槽)heat checking 热裂纹,龟裂steep n,a.陡(坡)的,急剧的reversal n.颠倒,相反overload n,v.(使)过【超】载initiation n.开【初】始,发【产】生discrete a.不连续的,单个的variable n.变量cavity n.模膛,型槽stock n.坯料,原材料impact n,v.冲击,碰撞Lesson 8 Cold Working and Hot Working 冷加工和热加工cold[hot] working 冷热加工forging n.锻造,锻件classification n.分类recrystallization n.再结晶take place 发生strain [deformation] hardening 应变【变形】硬化be referred to as 叫做,称为,被认为是warm working 温加工,温锻ultimate a,n.最终的,首要的,极限stress relieving 消除应力处理austenitic a.奥氏体的stainless steel 不锈钢annealing n.退火grain size 晶粒度solid solution 固溶体refinement n.精炼【制】,细化hazard n.危险,未知数,意外事件inherent a.固有的,先天的,本质的sensitive a.灵敏的,敏感的abnormal a.非正常的critical strain 临界应变Lesson 9 Casting 铸造casting n.铸造【件】die-casting n.模铸【件】foundry n.铸造【车间】pour v.浇注suitability n.适应性pig iron 生铁cupola n.冲天炉,化铁炉erosion n.腐蚀,(侵、烧)蚀ladle n.铁水包graphite n.石墨solidify v.(使)凝固disjoin v.拆散,分开ingot n.(钢)锭destructive a.破坏(性)的,有害的retard vt,n.(使)延缓,推迟solvent n,a.溶剂(的)copper-base alloy 铜基合金Lesson 10 Metal Forming Processes in Manufacturing 制造中的金属成形工艺machine-building 机械制造plastic working 塑性加工billet n 坯料,锻坯blank n.坯料,(冲压)板坯configuration n.外形,配置,排布stroke n.行程,冲程amortize v.阻尼,缓冲,分期偿还reliability n. 可靠性,安全性drawing n.(锻坯)拔长,【线,管材】拉拔deep drawing 深冲(压)brake forming 【压】折弯(机)成型stretch forming 张拉成型military n,a.军队【事,人】(的)consumer goods 消费品integrity n.完整性,完全(善)jet engine 喷气发动机turbine n.涡【汽】轮(机),透平(机)regarding 考虑到,关于Lesson 11 Forging锻造armor n.铠甲immortalize vt.(使)不朽(灭)blacksmith n.锻工mechanical press 机械压力机hydranlic press 液压机anvil n.(锤)砧,砧座craftsman n.技工handling n.处理,装卸,搬运flexibility n.柔(韧)性,灵活性drawn out 拔长upset n.镦粗,顶锻closed impression die 闭式模锻rapid-impact blow 快速冲击,猛打vertical a.立式的ram n.锤头,滑块,活动横梁block n.(模)块draft n.模锻斜度symmetrical a.轴对称的sizing n.整形,校正,定径drop forging 落锻,锤模锻impression die forging 模锻final forging 终锻overheat n.过热furnace n.【熔,高】炉pyrometer n.高温计Lesson 12 Benefits and Principles of Forging锻造的优点和工作原理metalworking n.金属压力加工knead v.揉搓【制】refine v.精炼【制】,细化porosity n.多孔性,疏松orient v.(使)定【取】向flow line 流线stress field 应力场manual skill 手工技巧at one’s command 自由使用,支配soundness n.致密性,坚固性,无缺陷attainable a.可达【得】到的open die forging 自由锻gross n.总共,重大confine vt. 限制,约束convert v.转变【换】,更换broken up 破【断】裂,分散microshrinkage n.显微缩孔elimination n.消除,淘汰align v.调整,对中,校直Lesson 13 Welding焊接weld(ing) v,n.焊接,熔焊pressurewelding 压力焊spotwelding 点焊buttwelding 对头(缝)焊fusionwelding 熔焊,熔接fiux-shielded arc welding 熔剂保护电弧焊diversity n.不同多样性fasten(ing) v,n.连接(件),紧固(件)shielding n.遮护,屏蔽solder(ing) v,n.软钎焊,(低温)焊料bismuth n.铋cadmium n.镉rivet n,v.铆钉,铆接braze n,vt.硬钎焊,铜焊oxidation n.氧化flux n.焊接,助溶剂squeeze v.挤压oxy-acetylene n,a.氧(乙)炔(的)torch n.焊炬electrode n.电(焊)极,焊条filler n.填充(剂)overlap v.搭接,重叠strike v.攻【打】击,放电Lesson 14 Heat Treatment热处理heat treatment 热处理microstructure n.显微组织low-carbon steel 低碳钢prescribe v.规定,指示microscopic a.显微的,微观的spheroidizing n.球化(处理)normalizing n.正火,(正)常化annealing n.退火hardening n.淬火tempering n.回火soaking(=holding) n.均热,保温retarding media 延缓介质prolonged a.长时间的,持续很久的critical temperature 临界温度globular a.球形(状)的carbide n.碳化物,硬质合金quenching n.淬火,骤冷removal n.除去,放出Lesson 15 Introduction to Mechanism机构介绍mechanism n.机械,机构,机构学kinematic a.=kinematical 运动的,运动学的kinematic chain 运动链link n.构件,杆件. v.连接【结】definite a.确定的constrained a.约束的,限定的unconstrained a.无约束的linkage n.连杆(组,机构)joint n.结【接】台,铰链. a.连接的,联合的pin n.销【钉】,铰销revolution v.旋转,转动. n.回转体prismatic a.棱柱(形)的nonlinear a.非线性的four-bar linkage 四杆机构kinematic chain 运动链prime mover 原动者【机】,驱动件coupler n.连接件,连杆pivot n.枢(轴),轴销,回转副,旋转中心configuration n.外形,构造,结构inversion n.转换,更换slider-crank mechanism 曲柄滑块机构multiloop n.多环链,a.多回路的sketch n.草【简,示意】图,v.画草图,草拟skeleton diagram 草图,示意图,简图envision v.想象binary a.二【双,复】的,二元的ternary a.三元的ternary links 三杆组quaternary a.四元的quaternary links 四杆组cam 凸轮cam follower n.凸轮从动件gear n.齿轮sprocket n.链轮belt n.【皮,布,钢】带pulley n.带轮spherical a.球的,球面的helical a.螺旋的three-dimensional 三维的,空间的intuitively adv.直觉【观】地synthesis n.合成(法),综合kinematician n.运动学研究者(家)innate a.先天的,固有的Lesson 16 Movement Analysis 运动分析criterion(pl.criteria) n.(判断)标准,判据,准则branch n,v.分(部,支)transmission angle 传动角rock n.摆动,v.摇动oscillate v.摆动,摇动parallelogram n.平行四边形antiparallelogram n.反平行四边形frame n.机架,构架impart v.给予,分给to impart M to N 把M给Ntorque n.力矩,扭矩dynamic a.=dynamical 动力的,动力学的inertia n.惯性(物),惯量static a.=statical 静力【学】的,静的index n.指数,指标friction n.摩擦thumb n.拇指,v.用拇指翻rule of thumb 根据经验和实际所得的做法matrix n.矩阵determinant n.行列式derivative n.导数derivative of M with respect to N M对于N的导数movability n.可动性,易动性parameter n.参数discount v.打折扣,忽视absolute a.绝对的graphical a.图形的,图解的polygon n.多边形theorem n.定理stress n.应力bearing n.轴承centripetal a.向心的Lesson 17 Kinematic Synthesis运动的综合packaging machinery 包装机械lubrication n.润滑specification n.技术要求actuation n.驱动jerk n.震动,冲击axis n.(pl.axes)轴【线,心】,中心线contour n.外形,轮廓线eccentricity n.偏心【度,率】gear ration 齿轮【速,齿数】比topologically adv.拓扑学地customary a.通常的,习惯的correlate v.使相关,使发生关系analog n.=analogue 类似(物),模拟linear analog 线性模拟second acceleration 二阶加速度higher acceleration 高阶加速度paraphrase v.释义,意译describe v.叙述,描述,作…运动category n.种类,类别deliberation n.慎重考虑province n.省,领域preconceive v.预想,事先想好analog computer 模拟计算机trace v.追踪,描画timing n.定时,计时,配时pitch v.投掷trajectory n.轨迹embed v.嵌入,夹在层间orientation n.(定)方位,(取)方向scoop n.勺子,铲斗,v.挖,掘,铲Lesson 18 Cams and Gears凸轮和齿轮cam n.凸轮gear n.齿轮curve n.曲线a.弯曲的groove n.槽,沟mate v.配合,啮合cylindrical a.圆柱的two-dimensional or planer 两维的或平面的three-dimensional or spatial 三维的或空间的normal n.法线a.垂直的complement n,a.余角,余的collinear a.共线的lateral a.横向的,侧向的stem n.杆guide n.导向件【器,装置】,导槽(座)intermittent a.间断的,不连续的dwell n,v.停止,小停顿inertial a.惯性的,惯量的engage v.啮合rack n.齿条noncircular a.非圆的conjugate a.共轭的,n.共轭值(线)cycloidal a.摆线的involved a.渐开线的,n.渐开线tolerance n.间隙,公差spur gear 直齿圆柱轮radial a.径向的,沿半径的offset n,vt.偏移,偏心a.偏心的disk cam 盘形凸轮tangent n.切线a.相切的,切线的concentric a.同圆(的),同心(的)camshaft n.凸轮轴pitch curve 节线herringbone a.人字形的intersect v.横穿,相交parallel helical gear斜齿轮,平行轴螺旋齿轮crossed helical gear 交错轴螺旋齿轮face gear 端面齿轮spiral bevel gear 螺旋齿圆锥齿轮worm n.蜗杆skew bevel 斜齿圆锥齿轮hypoid gear 准双曲面(直角交错轴双曲面)齿轮addendum (pl.addenda) n.齿顶,齿顶高project v.伸出,突出clearance n.间隙dedendum (pl. dedenda)n.齿根,齿根高tooth space 齿间距backlash n.间隙,齿隙Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints螺纹件、紧固件和联接件screw n.螺钉,螺丝,v.旋紧,攻丝fastener n.紧固件joint n.连【联】接,接合bolt n.螺栓nut n.螺母cap screw 有头螺钉setscrew n.定位【固定,调整】螺钉rivet n.铆钉,v.用铆钉铆接key n.键weld n,v.焊接,熔焊braze n,v.钎焊,铜焊clip n.夹子,v.夹住,夹紧synonymous a.同意义的monotonous a.单调的taint n.污点,污染v.弄脏tough a.坚韧的ductile a.可延伸的,有延展性的,韧性的tighten v.上紧,拉紧twist v.扭转jumbo n.大型喷气式客机titanium n.钛close-tolerance 高精密度的tooling n.工具,刀具v.用刀具(切削)加工proliferate v.增殖,增殖assembly n.安装,装配,组件tap n.丝锥,v.攻螺丝stud n.双头螺栓resemble v.类似,像thread n.螺纹(线),v.车螺纹drill n,v.钻孔hexagon head 六角头fillister n.凹槽flat head 平头hexagon socket head 六角沉头disassemble v.拆开tensile a.拉【张】力的,受拉的shear n.剪切【力】v.剪切【断】harden v.使硬【化】washer n.垫圈preload n.预载荷fatigue n.疲劳micrometer n.千分尺,千分表elongation n.拉【伸】长modulus n.(pl.moduli)模数,模量wrench n.扳手dial n.刻度盘fractional a.分数的,小数的Lesson 21 Helical, Worm and Bevel Gears 斜齿轮、蜗杆蜗轮和锥齿轮helical gear 斜齿轮worm n.蜗杆,螺杆bevel gear 圆锥齿轮helix n,a.(pl. helices 或helixes)螺旋线,螺旋线的right hand 右手,右旋的helicoid n.a.螺旋【面,体】,螺旋(状,纹)的wrap v.缠绕unwind v.解开,展开generate v.产生,展成(加工)engagement n.啮合,接触diagonal n,a.对角线(的)objectionable a.该反对的,不能采用的spiral n,a. 螺旋线(的),卷线(的)spiral gear 螺旋齿轮mesh n.啮合worm gear 蜗轮pinion n.小齿轮pitch cylinder 节圆柱concave a.中凹的curvature a.曲率screw-like 像螺丝(杆)的thread n.线状物,螺纹线envelop v.包围,封闭enclose v.包围lead angle 导角cast v.铸造mill v.铣削outboard a,ad.外侧的,向外pronounced a.明确的,显著的stress n.应力tapered a.锥形的positively ad.确定地,强制(传动)地Pitch-line velocity 节线速度automobile differential 汽车差速器gearing n.齿轮传动(装置)offset n.偏置,横距hypoid a.准双曲面的hyperboloid n.双曲面,双曲面体Lesson 22 Shafts, Clutches and Brakes轴、离合器和制动器shaft n.轴clutch n.离合器brake n.制动器pulley n.(皮,胶)带轮flywheel n.飞轮sprocket n.链轮,星轮bending moment 弯曲力矩torsional a.扭转的static a.静(力,态)的axle n.心轴,轮轴spindle n.心轴,主轴deflection n.偏移,弯曲fillet n.圆角,倒角peening n.喷射(加工硬化法)shot peening 喷丸硬化stiff a.刚性的inertia n.惯性,惯量slippage n.滑动actuation n.驱动,开动coefficient n.系数statics n.静力学rim n.边缘,轮缘shoe n.闸瓦,制动片【块】band n.带,条cone n.圆锥miscellaneous a.(混)合的,杂项的assume v.假设,承担statical a.=static,静态的equilibrium n.平衡reaction n.反应,反力overload-release clutch 超载释放(保护)离合器magnetic fluid clutch 磁液离合器shift v.变换,(使)移动lever n.杆,(手)柄jaw n.颚板,夹爪ratchet n.棘轮circumferentiallyad v.周围地,圆周地mate v.配合,啮合,联接synchronous a.同步的linear drive 线性驱动装置clicking n.‘卡塔’声freewheel v.空转coupling n.联轴器sleeve n.套筒flat n.平面(部分)a.平的periphery n.圆周,周边wedge n.楔(形物)v.楔入pawl n.棘爪powder n.粉末mixture n.混合物electromagnetic a.电磁的coil n.线圈excitation n.刺激,激励shearing a.剪切的lockup n.锁住Lesson 41 Definition of Robotics and the Robot Systemmanipulator n.操作器,控制器,机械手peripheral a.周围的,外围的idiot n.白痴integrate v.使成为一体,使结合起来hard automation 刚性自动化a host of 许多Lesson 42 Basics of Computers(I)execute v.执行binary a.二进制的read only memory (ROM) 只读存储器random access memory (RAM)读写存储器,随机存储器erasable a.可擦去的volatile a.可丢失的Lesson 43 Basics of Computers(二)harsh a.恶劣的robust a.稳定的configuration n.结构,组态Morse Code 莫尔斯电码suffice v.足够interference n.干扰fluctuation n.脉动,波动expendable a.可消耗的intermediate a.中间的adaptor n.转换器transformer n.变压器rectifier n.整流器capacitor n.电容器Zener diode 齐纳(稳压)二极管buffer n.缓冲寄存器come across 碰到Baud rate 波特率Lesson 44 Programmable Controllersalbeit conj.虽然light-emitting diodes 发光二极管relay ladder logic 继电器梯形逻辑图archaically a.古体的,旧式的retention n.保留,保持versed a.熟练的,精通的fluidics n.射流sheer a.完全的,绝对的profligate a.浪费的proprietary a.专利的,专有的boolean expression 布尔表达式Lesson 45 CAD/CAMComputed-aided design(CAD) n.计算机辅助设计Computed-aided manufacturing(CAM) n.计算机辅助制造automatic factory n.自动化工厂drafting n.制图Computer-aided engineering n.计算机辅助工程management information systems n.管理信息系统graphics terminal n.图像终端a shared data base n.公用数据库three-dimensional a.三维的keyboard n.键盘lightpen=light pen n.光笔magnify v.放大flip v,n.翻转copy v.拷贝a mirror image 镜像symmetrical a.对称的artwork n.印刷线路原图Geometric modeling n.几何模型制造kinematics n.运动学Lesson 48 Flexible Manufacturing Systemsfexible manufacturing systems(FMS)柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing celles(FMC) 柔性制造单元automated guided vehicles 自动搬运小车conveyor n.传送装置pallet loading and unloading carts 上下料小车part program 零件程序data base 数据库data processing networks 数据处理网络inspection program 检测程序robot program 自动机程序real-time control data 实时控制数据the Control hierarchy 控制层次real-time fault recovery 实时故障恢复unmanned operation 无人化操作chip removel 排屑module n.模块,组件intelligent node智能节点。
•Unit 1 Advanced Engineering Materials••Types of Materials材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为:固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言,材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为:①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料,等等。
机械工程专业英语翻译Introduction机械工程是一门涵盖机械原理、设计、制造以及维护的综合性学科,其中涉及许多专业术语和英语翻译。
良好的英语翻译能力对机械工程师在国际合作和成果交流中至关重要。
本文将介绍机械工程专业中常见的英语单词和短语,并提供中文翻译和相关注释。
Mechanical Principles 机械原理对于机械原理,下面是一些常见的英语单词和短语。
1.Mechanism(机构):A mechanism is a device designedto transform input forces and movement into a desiredoutput force and movement.2.Kinematics(运动学):Kinematics is the study ofmotion, without regard to the cause of the motion.3.Statics(静力学):Statics is the study of thebehavior of structures, under the action of forceswithout producing motion.4.Dynamics(动力学):Dynamics is the study of thebehavior of motion of objects under the action of forces.5.Thermodynamics(热力学):Thermodynamics deals withthe relationships between heat, work, and energy.6.Fluid Mechanics(流体力学):Fluid mechanics is thestudy of the behavior of fluids at rest or in motion. Mechanical Design 机械设计对于机械设计,下面是一些常见的英语单词和短语。
机械专业英语词汇陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical—spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank 摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip—flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design有限元finite element滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠screw rod导轨lead rail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire —cutting相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes有色金属nonferrous metal陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical—spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi—pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub—line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move,to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\’skr?pid|报废scrape .。
工程机械专业英语推土机(Bulldozers)3Unit11newwords一、单词列表1. Bulldozer(名词):推土机2. Blade(名词):刀片,推土机的铲刀3. Cab(名词):驾驶室4. Track(名词):履带5. Transmission(名词):传动系统6. Hydraulics(名词):液压系统7. Grader(名词):平地机8. Excavator(名词):挖掘机9. Loader(名词):装载机10. Dozer(名词):推土机(口语表达)二、单词解析1. Bulldozer:推土机是工程机械中的一种,主要用于土地平整、挖掘和装载等工作。
2. Blade:推土机的铲刀,用于推土、挖土和装载物料。
3. Cab:驾驶室是推土机操作员的工作场所,通常配备有座椅、控制系统和显示器等。
4. Track:履带是推土机行走部分的关键部件,使推土机能在复杂地形上稳定行驶。
5. Transmission:传动系统负责将发动机的动力传递到推土机的各个工作部件。
6. Hydraulics:液压系统是推土机实现各种动作的关键,如铲刀升降、转向等。
7. Grader:平地机,与推土机类似,主要用于道路、场地平整作业。
8. Excavator:挖掘机,用于挖掘土石方,与推土机在功能上有所区别。
9. Loader:装载机,主要用于装载、搬运物料,与推土机在某些场合可互换使用。
10. Dozer:推土机的口语表达,常用于施工现场的交流。
三、实用例句1. The bulldozer is equipped with a powerful blade for efficient earthmoving.(这台推土机配备了一个强大的铲刀,用于高效的土石方作业。
)2. The operator sits in the cab, controlling thebulldozer with ease.(操作员坐在驾驶室里,轻松地控制着推土机。
pneumatic chuck ⽓动卡盘 pneumatic conveying ⽓动输送 pneumatic drive ⽓动驱动 pneumatic governor ⽓动蒂器 pneumatic hammer 空⽓锤 pneumatic hoist 风动起重滑车 pneumatic press ⽓动压⼒机 pneumatic rammer ⽓动夯锤 pneumatic shell 耐压壳 pneumatic shock absorber 空⽓缓冲器⽓⼒减震器 pneumatic starting ⽓压起动 pneumatic transport ⽓⼒输送 pneumonics 压⽓学 poinsot motion 潘怂动 poinsot theorem 潘栓理 point mass 质点质量 point mechanics 质点⼒学 point of action 酌点 point of admission 进⽓点 point of application 酌点 point of branching 分⽀点 point of detachment 分离点 point of division 分割点 point of emergency 初始点 point of inflection 拐点 point of inflexion 拐点 point of resonance 共振点 point of support ⽀承点 point of zero moment 拐点 point source explosion 点爆炸 point transfer matrix 点变换矩阵 point vortex 点涡 pointed corrosion 坑蚀 pointer 指针 poise 泊 poiseuille flow 泊肃叶怜 poiseuille's law 泊肃叶定律 poisson bracket 泊松括号 poisson equations 泊松⽅程 poisson kinematic equations 泊松运动⽅程 poisson's ratio 泊松⽐ poisson's theorem 泊松定理 polar 极线 polar coordinates 极坐标 polar equation 极⽅程 polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩 polar motion 极运动 polar resisting moment 极阻⼒矩 polarimetry 测偏振术 polariscope 偏光镜 polarization 偏光 polarization by deformation 依变形极化 polarization by refraction 折射偏振 polarization energy 极化能量 polarization fading 偏振衰减 polarization force 极化⼒ polarization modulation 偏振灯 polarization wave 极化波 polarized light 偏振光 pole 杆 pole curve 本体极迹 pole strength 极强 polhode 本体极迹 polhode cone 本体极迹锥⾯ polished section 抛光磨⽚ poloidal magnetic field ⾓向磁场 poloidal mode 极向模型 polycrystalline material 多晶物质 polycrystalline substance 多晶物质 polydimensional 多维的 polygon 多边形 polygon of forces ⼒多边形 polygonal connection 多⾓联结 polyhedral 多⾯体的 polyhedral angle 多⾯⾓ polyhedron 多⾯体 polymer 聚合物 polymer degradation 解聚酌 polymeric liquids 聚合物液体 polymorphism 多形现象 polymorphy 同质多形 polyphase 多相的 polyslip 复滑移 polytrope 多变曲线 polytropic atmosphere 多元⼤⽓ polytropic exponent 多变指数 polytropic index 多变指数 ponderomotive force 有质动⼒ pore fluid 充液多孔体 pore pressure 孔隙压⼒ pore space 孔隙空间 pore water pressure 孔隙⽔压⼒ porewater 孔隙⽔ porosity 孔隙度 porous 多孔的 porous diaphragm 多孔膜 porous diffusion 多孔扩散 porous disc 透⽔板 porous flow 渗流 porous material 多孔性材料 porous media 多孔介质 porous membrane 多孔膜 porous slab 多孔板 porous structure 多孔结构 portal bracing 桥门撑杆架 position head 位置⽔头 position of rest 静⽌位置 position vector 位⽮ positive feedback 正反馈 positive pressure 正压 positive pressure head 正压头 positive pressure wave 正压⼒波 positive pulse 正脉冲 positive rotation 正旋 positivity wave 正波 possible displacement 可能位移 post buckling behavior 屈曲后⾏为 potential 势 potential difference 势差 potential energy 位能 potential energy of stress 应⼒势能 potential field 势场 potential flow 势流位流 potential force 有势⼒ potential function 势函数 potential function of airy 爱⾥势函数 potential gradient 势梯度 potential head 位势头 potential internal energy 内势能 potential motion 位势运动 potential of central forces 有⼼⼒势 potential of discontinuity 不连续势 potential of simple layer 单层势 potential operator 位势算符 potential scattering 势散射 potential stability 势稳定性 potential theory 位势论 potential variability 势可变性 potential vector 势⽮ potential vortex 势涡 potential vorticity 位势涡度 pothole 地⾯深⽳ power 功率 power extraction 功率提取 power factor 功率因数 power law 指数定律 power law of distribution 指数分布定律 power loss 功率损耗 power of force ⼒功率 power spectrum 密度谱 poynting effect 坡印廷效应 practical efficiency 实际效率 practical system of units 实⽤单位制 prager theory of plasticity 普拉格塑性理论 prandtl body 普朗特体 prandtl boundary layer 普朗特边界层 prandtl glauert law 普朗特格劳厄脱规则 prandtl glauert rule 普朗特格劳厄脱规则 prandtl lifting line theory 普朗特升⼒线理论 prandtl meyer flow 普朗特迈耶流 prandtl meyer wave 普朗特迈耶波 prandtl mixing length 普朗特混合长度 prandtl number 普朗特数 prandtl relation 普朗特关系式 prandtl torsion function 普朗特扭转函数 prandtl tube 普朗特管 pratt truss 普拉特桁架 pre combustion chamber 预燃室 preacceleration 预加速 preadaptation 预适应 preageing 预时效 preamplifier 前置放⼤器 precession 旋进 precession cone 旋进锥 precession of a top 陀螺的旋进 precession of earth 地球的旋进 precession of gyroscope 陀螺旋进 precession of orbit 轨道旋进 precession time 旋进时间 precessional motion 旋进运动 prechamber 预燃室 precipitability 沉淀性 precipitate 沉淀物 precipitation 沉淀 precipitation hardening 沉淀硬化 precision measurement 精确测量 precision of measurement 测量准确度 precision type instrument 精密仪器 precompression 预压缩 preconsolidation 预固结 precooling 预冷却 predeflection 预偏转 preexpansion saturation 膨胀前饱和 preheated air 预热空⽓ preheating 预热 preliminary design 初步设计 preliminary load 预加载 preload 预加载 preoscillation 预振荡 preoscillation time 预振荡时间 press in method 尖端压⼊⽅法 press pump 增压泵 pressductor 压⼒传感器 pressing 压模 pressure 压⼒ pressure amplitude 压幅 pressure angle 压⼒⾓ pressure balance 压⼒秤 pressure center 压⼒中⼼ pressure coefficient 压⼒系数 pressure compensation 压⼒补偿 pressure conduit 压⼒管道 pressure controller 压⼒第器 pressure converter 压⼒变换器压⼒转换器 pressure curve 压⼒曲线 pressure diagram 压⼒曲线 pressure difference 压⼒差 pressure diffusion 压差扩散 pressure distribution 压⼒分布 pressure distribution curve 压⼒分布曲线 pressure drag 压⼒阻⼒ pressure drop 压降 pressure elasticity 压缩弹性 pressure energy 压⼒能量 pressure equalizing 均压 pressure equation 压⼒⽅程 pressure fall 压降 pressure feed 压送 pressure field 压⼒场 pressure filter 压滤机 pressure flow 压⼒流 pressure fluctuation 压⼒波动 pressure force 压⼒ pressure front 激波前沿 pressure function 压⼒函数 pressure gage 压⼒计 pressure gradient 压⼒梯度 pressure head 压头 pressure intensity 压强 pressure jump 压⼒跃变 pressure line 压⼒线 pressure loss 压⼒损耗 pressure lubrication 压⼒润滑 pressure maximum 压⼒ pressure measuring device 压⼒计 pressure meter 压⼒计 pressure method 压⼒法 pressure minimum 最⼩压⼒ pressure nozzle 压⼒喷嘴 pressure outside 外压⼒ pressure piping 压⼒管道 pressure propagation 压⼒传播 pressure pump 压送泵 pressure recovery 压⼒恢复 pressure reducing valve 减压阀 pressure regulator 压⼒蝶器 pressure relief 卸压 pressure resistance 压⼒阻⼒ pressure response 压⼒响应 pressure rise 增压 pressure sensitivity 压⼒灵敏度 pressure shift 压致位移 pressure shock 压缩激波 pressure side 压⼒⾯ pressure stress 压应⼒ pressure tank 压⼒槽 pressure tensor 压⼒张量 pressure test 压⼒试验 pressure transducer 压⼒变换器 pressure tube 压⼒管 pressure turbine 反唤⽔轮机 pressure valve 压⼒阀 pressure vessel 压⼒容器 pressure volume diagram 压容图 pressure water 加压⽔ pressure wave 压⼒波 pressurized gas 压缩⽓体 prestrain 预应变 prestress 预应⼒ prestressed concrete 预应⼒混凝⼟ pretensioning system 先张法 primary back reaction 初级反酌 primary consolidation 初始固结 primary creep 初始蠕变 primary stress 初始应⼒ primary system 值统 primary wave 初波 primaryload 知荷载 principal axes of an area ⾯积轴 principal axis 轴 principal axis of inertia 惯性轴 principal axis of strain 应变轴 principal axis transformation 轴变换 principal bending moment 咒矩 principal contour 秩⾼线 principal coordinate system 著标系 principal coordinates 著标 principal curvature 助率 principal deformation 枝变 principal direction of glide 脂移⽅向 principal direction of oscillation ⽵荡⽅向 principal extension ratio 朱长⽐ principal function 哈密顿酌 principal glide system 脂移系统 principal invariant 只变量 principal line 诌 principal load 知荷载 principal minor 钟式 principal moment of inertia 诌性矩 principal motion 炙动 principal net of the flow 著柳 principal normal 吱线 principal plane 纸⾯ principal plane of flexure 钟曲⾯ principal plane of glide 脂移平⾯ principal plane of inertia 诌性平⾯ principal plane of stress 枝⼒平⾯ principal problem of dynamics 动⼒学知问题 principal radius of curvature 助率半径 principal section 重⾯ principal shear stress 拄应⼒ principal shock 逐 principal simulation error 郑拟误差 principal strain 枝变 principal strain direction 枝变⽅向 principal strain ratio 枝变⽐ principal stress 枝动 principal stress axis 枝⼒轴 principal stress direction 枝⼒⽅向 principal stress method 枝⼒法 principal stress moment 枝⼒矩 principal stress ratio 枝⼒⽐ principal surface tension 猪⾯张⼒ principal symmetry plane 衷称⾯ principal tensile stress 汁应⼒ principal trajectory 朱迹 principal value 值 principal vector 指量 principle 原理 principle of conservation of area ⾯积守恒原理 principle of conservation of energy 能量守恒原理 principle of continuity 连续性原理 principle of dissipation 耗散原理 principle of hydrodynamic images 铃⼒学镜像原理 principle of least action 最⼩酌原理 principle of least constraint 最⼩约束运动原理 principle of least curvature 最⼩曲率原理 principle of least work 最⼩功原理 principle of linear momentum 线性动量定理 principle of linear superposition 线性叠加原理 principle of minimum 最⼩值原理 principle of minimum complementary energy 最⼩余能原理 principle of minimum dissipation of entropy 最⼩耗熵原理 principle of minimum potential energy 最⼩势能原理 principle of minimum virtual mass 最⼩虚质量原理 principle of mobile equilibrium 动态平衡原理 principle of moment 矩原理 principle of momentum conservation 动量守恒原理 principle of parallel flow 平⾏镰理 principle of phase stability 相位稳定性原理 principle of quasi continuity 准连续性原理 principle of relativity 相对性原理 principle of similitude 相似律 principle of solidification 固化原理 principle of statics 静⼒学原理 principle of superposition 叠加原理 principle of the inertia of energy 能量惯性原理 principle of the maximum 值原理 principle of the parallelogram of forces ⼒平⾏四边形定律 principle of transfer 转移原理 principle of using travelling waves ⾏波前进原理 principle of virtual displacement 虚位移原理 principle of virtual power 虚功原理 principle of virtual stress 虚应⼒原理 principle of virtual work 虚功原理 probability 概率 probability amplitude 概率幅度 probability current 概率量 probability current density ⼏率淋度 probability density ⼏率密度 probability distribution 概率分布 probability frequency function 概率频率函数 probability of collision 碰撞⼏率 probability of state 态的概率 probable error 概率误差 procedure 程序 process 过程 product moment 积矩 product moment correlation 积矩关联 product of inertia 惯性积 profile 轮廓 profile chart 轮廓图 profile coefficient 翼型系数 profile curve 轮廓曲线 profile drag 理想铃中的阻⼒ profile error 廓形误差 profile flow 翼型绕流 profile gage 轮廓量规 profile mean line 翼型中线 profilogram 轮廓曲线 program control 程序控制 program debugging 程序翟 programming error 程序设计错误 progressive loading 逐步加载 progressive motion 前进运动 progressive nutation 正章动 progressive precession 正旋进 progressive wave 前进波 project 设计 projectile 抛射体 projectile motion 抛射体运动 projection 射影 projection operator 投影算符 projection plane 投影平⾯ proof stress 容许应⼒ proof test 加压试验 prop 螺旋桨 prop jet 涡轮螺旋桨发动机 propagation 传播 propagation of pressure 压⼒传递 propagation of the tide 潮汐传播 propagation velocity 传播速度 propellant 推进剂 propeller 螺旋桨 propeller blade 螺旋桨叶⽚ propeller effect 螺桨效应 propeller fan 螺桨式风机 propeller pump 螺旋桨式泵 propeller shaft 螺旋桨轴 propeller thrust 螺旋桨推⼒ propeller turbine 螺旋桨式⽔轮机 propeller type flowmeter 螺桨型量计 propelling force 推进⼒ propelling nozzle 推⼒喷管 proper boundary value problem 本者值问题 proper function 本寨数 proper mass 固有质量 proper moment 固有矩 proper motion 固有运动 proper power 固有功率 proper rate 正常速率 proper rotation 固有转动 proper value 本盏 proper vector 本崭量 proper velocity 固有速度 property tensor 特性张量 property to oscillation 振荡特性 proportion ⽐ proportion by weight 重量⽐ proportional limit ⽐例极限。
•一•Types of Materials材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为:固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言,材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为:①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料,等等。
•Metals and Metal Alloys金属和金属合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。
许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。
Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.某些金属能被磁化,例如铁、钴和镍。
在极低的温度下,某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.合金与纯金属的区别是什么?纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。
例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。
Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel.合金包含不止一种金属元素。
合金的性质能通过改变其中存在的元素而改变。
金属合金的例子有:不锈钢是一种铁、镍、铬的合金,以及金饰品通常含有金镍合金。
Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio.为什么要使用金属和合金?许多金属和合金具有高密度,因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。
Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durable.某些金属合金,例如铝基合金,其密度低,可用于航空航天以节约燃料。
许多合金还具有高断裂韧性,这意味着它们能经得起冲击并且是耐用的。
What are some important properties of metals?Density is defined as a material’s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially compared to polymers.金属有哪些重要特性?密度定义为材料的质量与其体积之比。
大多数金属密度相对较高,尤其是和聚合物相比较而言。
Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities, and are used in applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.高密度材料通常由较大原子序数原子构成,例如金和铅。
然而,诸如铝和镁之类的一些金属则具有低密度,并被用于既需要金属特性又要求重量轻的场合。
Fracture toughness can be described as a material’s ability to avoid fracture, especially when a flaw is introduced. Metals can generally contain nicks and dents without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. A football player counts on this when he trusts that his facemask won’t shatter.断裂韧性可以描述为材料防止断裂特别是出现缺陷时不断裂的能力。
金属一般能在有缺口和凹痕的情况下不显著削弱,并且能抵抗冲击。
橄榄球运动员据此相信他的面罩不会裂成碎片。
Plastic deformation is the ability of bend or deform before breaking. As engineers, we usually design materials so that they don’t deform under normal conditions. You don’t want your car to lean to the east after a strong west wind.塑性变形就是在断裂前弯曲或变形的能力。
作为工程师,设计时通常要使材料在正常条件下不变形。
没有人愿意一阵强烈的西风过后自己的汽车向东倾斜。
However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break.然而,有时我们也能利用塑性变形。
汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。
The atomic bonding of metals also affects their properties. In metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.金属的原子连结对它们的特性也有影响。
在金属内部,原子的外层阶电子由所有原子共享并能到处自由移动。
由于电子能导热和导电,所以用金属可以制造好的烹饪锅和电线。
It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons pass through.因为这些阶电子吸收到达金属的光子,所以透过金属不可能看得见。
没有光子能通过金属。