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2017年电大电大年《国际经济法形成性考核册》答案

2017年电大电大年《国际经济法形成性考核册》答案
2017年电大电大年《国际经济法形成性考核册》答案

电大2013年国际经济法形成考核册答案

《国际经济法形成性考核册》作业1

一、正误判断题

二、单项选择题

三、多项选择题

四、问答题

1、在国际货物买卖中,进出口商通常采用固定作价方法,因此,价格条款一般包括两项约定:一是货物单价,二是货物总值。进出口业务多数通过电子邮件或函电进行磋商,如果报价不规范,容易造成误解或差错,导致日后电讯查询,浪费钱财,有损于企业形象。因此,必须正确掌握表示货物单价的方法,即单价表述四要素,包括货币名称、单价金额、计量单位和贸易术语。总值是指单价同计价数量的乘积,即一笔交易的总金额。当签订机械设备合同或采用非固定作价时,价格条款中需要做一些说明。

2、国际货物买卖的作价方法,一般均采用固定作价,有时也采用暂不固定价格、暂定价格和滑动价格等作价方法。

1)固定价格:在磋商交易中,把价格确定下业,事后无论发生什么情况均按确定的价格,结算应付货款法。2)暂不固定价格:某些货物因其国际市场价格变动频繁,幅度较大,或交货期较远,买卖双方对市场趋势难以预测,但又确有订约的意旨,则可对价格暂不固定,而约定将来如何确定价格的方法。

3)暂定价格:为避免价格风险,买卖双方在洽谈某些市价变化较大的货物的远期交易时,可先在合同中规定一个暂定价格,待日后交货期前的一定时间,再由双方按照当时市价商定最后价格法。

4)滑动价格:是指先在合同中规定一个基础价格,交货时或交货前一定时间,按工资、原材料价格变动的指数作相应调整,以确定最后价格法,商一般用于大型机械、成套设备法。

五、案例

案例一:合同未成立。理由:芬兰的公司对包装条件做了实质修改,构成反要约。

案例二:合同成立。理由:该要约系不可撤销要约,在接到要约的当天,即以电话将告知绿色公司表示完全接受要约。合同日期就为10月11日,理由是在要约未规定承诺的方式下,以电话告知比邮寄的方式快,符合《公约》第二十三条规定。

一、正误判断题

二、单项选择题

三、多项选择题

四、问答题

1、开展国际公路货运业务的承运人,应对自货物接管时起至交付货物时止所发生的货物灭失、损坏,以及货物交付的任何延误负责。此外,承运人还应对运输车辆的不良状况,以及车辆出租人,或其代理人的错误行为或过失负责。但如果货物的灭失、损坏是由于下述一种或一种以上原因所致,承运人不承担责任,享有豁免权,

1)货物的灭失、损坏系出于无包装或包装不良所致;

2)由于发货人、收货人或其代理人对货物进行撤运、装载、积载和缷载而引致的货物灭失、损坏;

3)货物的灭失、损坏第由于使用无盖敞车引起,且运单中对使用无盖敞车有明确的规定;

4)由于货物的包装标志不清、号码不完整、不当等错误所致的货物灭失、损坏;

5)所承运的货物系活性畜;

6)货物的锈损、腐烂、干燥、渗漏、发霉、发潮系由于货物的自然特性所致。

2、共同海损:是指在同一海航程中,船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险,为了共同安全,有意地、合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊牺牲、支付的特殊费用。

单独海损:是指保险标的物在海上遭受承保范围内的风险所造成的部分灭失或损害,即指除共同海损以外的部分损失,这种损失只能由标的物所有人单独负担。

单独费用:是为了防止货物遭受承保风险造成的损失或者灭失而支出的费用。

一、正误判断题

二、单项选择题

三、多项选择题

四、问答题

1、国际投资争议类型:国际投资争议依其产生的场合、起因及共性质,可分为契约与非契约争议两大类。1)契约争议。是指投资契约的双方当事人因对契约的解释、履行、修改或废除而产生的争议。包括:(1)一般投资契约争议;(2)特许协议的争议。

2)非契约争议。是指在东道国政府或其机构与外国投资者并无投资契约关系的情况下,同东道国方面原因或投资者的行为而引起的争议。主要包括:(1)国有化争议;(2)东道道国管理行为争议;(3)东道国发生内乱、革命等引起外国投资者财产损失的争议;(4)投资者行为引起的争议。

2、多边投资担保机构的特权和豁免:

1)在诉讼程序上,除了公约另有规定外,针对机构的起诉只能向与机构有某种特定联系的会员国境内的有权管辖的法院提起。

2)在资产方面,机构的财产和资产,应免受搜查、征用、没收、征收或通过行政或立法行为的其他任何形式的扣押。

3)在档案与通讯方面,机构的档案无论在何地都不受侵犯。

4)在税收方面,对于机构及其资产、财产、收入和公约授权经营的业务和交易,应免一切税收和关税,机构还免于承担征收或任何税收和关税的责任。

一、正误判断题

1、对

二、单项选择题

1、A

三、多项选择题

1、ACD

四、问答题

1、国际的或涉外的争议案件;

2、涉及香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区或台湾地区的争议案件;

3、国内争议案件。

五、案例

1、不构成要约,此来电系对对方要约的承诺。

2、不构成承诺。因其对包装条款提出了模糊的要求,有了实质性的改变。

3、双方未订立合同。理由是信息技术公司对A&AT公司的反要约未做承诺。

4、如果合同成立,基于CIF方式,应当由信息技术公司投保。

5、没有权利。此权利的前提是有订立合同。

6、驳回起诉。因双方约定在英国伦敦国际仲裁院解决。

7、因双方都《纽约公约》会员国,且事先皆未约定适用哪一国法律,所以本案应当适用仲裁地国即:英国法律。

六、专题讨论

看法一:企业可以从WTO中获得的利益

WTO是一个以规则为基础的体制,其目标就是保持市场开放,为企业营造一个自由、非歧视、可预见、公平竞争的市场经济环境。WTO的一切活动,无论是主持贸易谈判还是进行贸易政策审议,都是围绕这个目标展开的。各国政府经过谈判,改善了市场准入的环境,使企业可以把这些贸易减让转化为贸易机会。

1、给货物和服务的出口商带来的利益

第一、进入市场的安全性

对于货物贸易,几乎所有发达国家、大量的发展中国家和转型经济国家的关税都受到了约束,不再提高。因此,由于关税削减而改善的市场准入环境就有了保障,进口国不会突然采取提高关税或其它进口限制的措施

对于服务贸易,各国承诺,不会超出各国服务减让表所列的条件和限制而限制外国的服务产品和服务提供者。

这些由于各国承诺的约束而带来的安全性,使得出口商可以在一个确定性的环境下进行投资和制定生产计划。

第二、进入市场的稳定性

WTO要求各国实施统一的规则,各国有义务确保其海关估价和检验符合强制性的标准,发放许可证也必须遵守有关协议的规定,因此提供了进入市场的稳定性。

2、给原材料和其它生产投入的进口商带来的利益

企业为了生产出口产品,往往需要进口原材料和中间产品和服务。WTO的基本规则要求,进口产品支付了关税后,就不应受到进一步的限制,并且在边境所适用的规定,必须与协议所制定的统一规则一致。这些都便利了进口。进口商的需求因此可以不受延迟,并且不会有不合理的花费。此外,关税约束还能够保证进口商的进口成本不会由于关税的提高而有所增加。

看法二:WTO给企业创设的权利

这些权利包括两个方面,都是企业针对政府所享有的权利。一个是国内生产商和进口商对其政府所享有的权利,另一个是出口商在其利益受到外国政府行为的影响时所享有的权利。

1、国内生产商和出口商的权利

WTO的许多协议都要求成员通过立法,对其国内生产商和出口商规定某些权利。政府有义务根据国内的法律制度实施这些权利。对于另外一些权利,政府则应"尽最大可能"确保有关企业可以充分享受。

应实施的权利包括《海关估价协议》要求政府授予出口商的权利,即在海关对申报的价值的真实性或准确性有疑义时,出口商有权证明这些价值;出口商有权要求海关当局书面说明其申报的价值被拒绝采用的原因,以便对这一决定向更高的当局上诉。

政府应“尽最大可能”保证的权利包括《进口许可程序协议》所指的权利,即许可证应在收到申请后的一段特定时间内颁发,出口商有权期待在此特定时间内得到许可证。

当然,这些权利的实现必须满足规定的条件。例如,企业有权要求政府采取保障措施或征收反倾销、反补贴税,但该企业必须证明其代表足够的产业。

2、出口商的权利

例如,在进口国进行反倾销、反补贴调查时,出口商有权提供证据。当然,如果进口国调查当局没有给予出口商这种权利,出口商并不能直接要求更正,而是应当向其本国政府提出,由它与进口国进行双边磋商,并在必要时提交WTO解决这一争端。

看法三:知识产权协定将为企业带来很大的利益。

第一,鼓励发明创造。对知识产权加强保护,会鼓励发展中国家的发明创造

第二,在商业条件下进行技术转让。保护知识产权将促进发展中国家的企业与外国企业建立合资或合作的关系,以在商业的条件下获得技术。实践证明,知识产权保护好,就能吸引更多的外资,并且鼓励外资在东道国进行更多的研究开发。这样,东道国的企业就能够在更大程度上影响这些研究的内容和重点。虽然在短期内药品和化学品等企业会付出更高的代价,但从长期看,对发展中国家的创造性将产生积极的影响。

第三,对假冒商品贸易产生影响。协定要求各国控制假冒商品的生产和贸易,这从根本上是符合国内生产者和消费者的利益的。

企业应当增强知识产权保护的意识,对知识产权协定进行研究,并且将他们的关注告诉政府,使得政最新资料,word文档,可以自由编辑!!

府在未来的知识产权谈判和审议中反映企业的利益。

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电大开放英语Ⅱ考试题库大全及答案

第一部分交际用语33 The man at the concert told Mary’s parents that __A_ 1 Shall we see a movie tonight?34 Mary __B__when she was 16 See your later35 Eric Sound was the name of ___B__ A Right B wrong36-40阅读下列短文,根据短文内容判断句子是否正确。 2 What would you like to drink, madam?Tim: Hello Where have you been? You look hot Can I have a glass of white wine?Xiaoyan: Yes, I am I’ve been to the tennis club I’ve had a tennis lesson A Right B wrong Tim: How did you manage? 3 When did you first come to China?Xiaoyan; Not too badly I’ve never played tennis before 10 years ago Tim; Don’t you play tennis in China? A right B wrong36 Xiaoyan has had a tennis lesson 4 Do you like your job? A Right B Wrong I’m a nurse37 She has had a lesson at the public tennis courts A right B wrong A Rright B Wrong 5 What are you going to do this evening?38 She has played a lot of tennis in China I went there with some friends A Right B Wrong A right B wrong39 She has eaten a sandwich before she played 第二部分词汇与结构 A.Right B wrong 6.Today is busy Let’s discuss it ____C___ next week40 Mary and Tim haven’t eaten yet A sometimes B some times C some time A.Right B wrong 7 A: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting第四部分翻译 B: Oh, not at all, I ____A____ here only a few minutes41 Although it is veryenjoyable, the film is too long A have been B was C will be尽管电影非常有趣,但是太长了。 8 His grandfather is very healthy He ___B __ drinks ______smokes42 Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress A both,and B neither, nor C neither, or桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 9 As she ____B____ the newspaper, Granny ______asleep43 I need to be at the airport by 6 00 o’clock A read… was falling B was reading… fell C read… fell我得在六点前到达机场。 10 The book was rather expensive, but I bought it ___B___44 I must have left the camera in a shop A any way B anyway C even though我一定是把相机丢在那家商店里了。 11 The buses, ____B___ were full of people, couldn’t go very fast45The accounts, which are in a A that B which C there bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month 12 I have no idea who stole his wallet It ___A___ anyone帐目现在有点乱,必须要在下个月清理好。 A could have been B should have been C must have been第一部分交际用语 13 Mary said she __ _A __ all over the world 1 Hello, Xiaoyan How was the party? A had been to B has gone to C went to Hi, Jack We had a great time 14 Mary’s father is very pleased ___A____ her A right B wrong A with B at C for 2 How are you feeling today? 15 You’d better have your hair___B___before going to your friend’s wedding---I’d rather stay at hom e A cutting B cut C to cut A right B wrong 16 He stopped ____A___TV when the dinner was ready 3 How old are you A watching B to watch C watch---Yes, I am 17 Nice weather,_____C_____? A right B wrong A doesn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t it 4 Can I get you something to drink? 18 Mike offered to help and so ____C____John---Yes, please A coca-cola for me A does B is C did A right B wrong 19 Mary told Little Tom not____C____ all the money 5 How can I book a cheap hotel? A spend B spent Cto spent---If I were you, I’d phone a travel agent 20 A: Have you finished your homework? A right B wrong B: _B_第二部分词汇与结构 A No, I didn’t B No, I haven’t finished C No, I haven’t 6 Sally is looking for a new job She has been bored ___C___ her job as a 21 He used to ___B___ very hard when he was young secretary A working B work C to work A by B from C with 22 He has ____A___ gone out7 A: ___C___ my glasses? A just B now C soon B: Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago 23 We enjoy ___C___ very much, because it is good to our health A Do you see B Would you see C Have you seen A swim B to swim C swimming8 An application form will be sent to you __ A___ th 24 March the 8 is ____B___ Day A on request B on a request C in equest A Woman’s B Women’s C Womens’9 I was watching TV ___B___ the telephone rang 25 A concert will be held in the school hall ___C___ 4 pm ______ Tuesday A while B when C since A on… at B in…in C at…on10 They named the island ____A___ its discoverer 第三部分句型转换 A after B in C to 26 Tim didn’t stay in the meeting He left the office (用instead of将11Could you please tell us what kind of work____A___you have got experience?两句练成一句) A at that B in which C which He left the office instead of staying in the meeting12 You can remember what you do if you ___B __ 27 Where is the restaurant? (用asked改写成间接疑问句) A take a diary B keep a diary C make a diary He asked where the restaurant was13 This morning I had my finger ___C___ when I was preparing breakfast 28 That cinema is very nice The tickets are quite expensive (用but连成一 A cutting B to cut C cut 句)14 A: Thank you for lending me your dictionary That cinema is very nice but the tickets are quite expensive B: You’re welcome But could you ____A___ to me tomorrow? 29 He’s gone to Shanghai He’s negotiating a new contract (用动词不定式 A give it back B give back it C get back 连成一句)15 He is really good man, _B___? He’s gone to Shanghai to negotiate a new contract A doesn’t he B isn’t he C won’t he 30 He didn’t run fast He didn’t catch the bus (用enough…to连成一句)16 I’m going to buy Mary a birthday gift Do you have ____C____ in mind? He didn’t run fast enough A special something B special anything C anything 第四部分阅读理解special Mary began playing the violin when she was only six Her father came across a17 My father told me ___B___ his trip to Xin Jiang really old instrument at his aunt’s house, and he brought it back home with A of B about C with him Mary loved it and sssimmediately tried to play it After a few months she18 I’ve always enjoyed __A____ ’s father 31___C A swimming B to swim C swim began to have lessons She got on very well with the 31 Mary __19 We used to ___A___ bicycles to go to work 32 Mary began to need a better vio when she was a bout _B_ A ride B riding C to ride

电大英语试题及答案.doc

电大英语试题及答案

开放英语I(2)形成性考核册作业答案1 学前准备 1—5 A B B B A 6—10 C C B C A 开放英语(2)作业答案1 作业1 (Units1---6) 第一部分交际用语 1-5. B A A B A 第二部分词汇与结 构 6-10. CA B B B 11-15 B A A A B 16-20 A C C C C 21-25 B A C B C 第三部分句型变 换 26.He left the office instead of staying in the meeting. 27.He asked where the restaurant was.

28.The cinema is very nice but the tickets are quite expensive. 29.He’s gone to Shanghai to negotiating a new contract. 30. He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 第四部分阅读理 解 31--35.C B A B B 36—40. A B B A A 第五部分翻 译 41. 这部电影虽然好看,但它太长 了。 42.桑蒂正穿着一件长黑色丝连衣 裙。 43.我必须在6点前到达机 场。 44.我一定是把照相机丢在那家商店里 了。 45.这个账目有点乱必须在下个月整理好。开放英语I(2)形成性考核册作业答案2

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