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Unit11. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷5(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. TranslationSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1．Of course you would like to double your money. I understand exactly how you feel. The hope that such a thing will happen for them is what pulls hundreds of thousands of people to the race tracks and to the gambling tables every day. But there’s one great difference between those people and you. When they place a bet on a horse, a card, or a number, they do so with the full realization that the money they put up will bring them no dividends or interest, and if they happen to be wrong, the money is gone forever. Mrs. Brown, you and I have had some long sessions together. You have been frank and open with me, trusting me as your counselor, and I know how important it is to you to preserve every bit of your capital. You’ve shown me the vital need to keep that money working for you so that it can produce the income you need for your living expenses. I would be doing you a serious disservice if I did not warn you, as emphatically as I know how, against the step you are considering.正确答案：你当然想使你的财富翻番，我完全理解你的想法。
研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,”says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章P29 第一段）2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。
第一课课后翻译1.事业成功的人具有他们看世界的方式，这种方式使得高层管理人员感到他们能出色地完成任何事，使得与他们共事的所有人都充满了热情和获胜的精神。
他们的成功不仅取决于努力和天分，而且取决于态度。
2.我宣布：“我想成为金星上的第一名女性。
父亲看着我，然后开始认真地制订行动计划。
他说：首先，我不得不学习物理和天文学。
我知道接着他幻想着我进入工业学校学习。
他从不嘲笑我“此刻的梦想”。
他似乎只是假定，让我假定我能做好下决心去做的事。
3.令人满意的家庭（社会生活）能让你扛住艰辛的一周所承受的压力,给予你一种思考方法。
另外，在工作以外担任重要角色减轻了寄希望于一件事情上所带来的焦虑。
社团或者慈善活动也能使你在工作之外感到充满力量并且很有价值。
第二课V. Difficult sentences1.Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. L7维基的反应是一个常见的现象中的极端的例子。
Meaning: people having such feelings (when rejected) is very common, but inVicky’s case her response was especially serious and unusual.人有这样的感觉(当拒绝)是很常见的,但在维基的情况特别严重,她的反应是不寻常的。
2.Our society places so much emphasis on…any failure is bad.(L7-8)。
我们的社会如此推崇“成功”，以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。
有时候我们并没有看到貌似失败的事情可能从长远看来被证明为有利的。
3. People are generally prone to…”Two-valued orientation.”(L14-15)Meaning:People generally tend to look at things as having only two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, and that is not true must be false —this two valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation”by Hayakawa.人们大多受到语言学家S·I·早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。
2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for Management MajorsPart I: Translation1. Translate the following passage into English (30 points)考研考试是我国实施研究生培养制度的重要组成部分，它不仅是选拔研究生的重要途径，也是评价研究生培养质量的重要依据。
因此，考研考试的选拔发挥了推动研究生教育与培养创新型人才的功能。
Answer:The postgraduate entrance examination is an important part of the graduate education system in China. It is not only an important means of selecting postgraduates, but also an important basis for evaluating the quality of graduate education. Therefore, the selection of the postgraduate entrance examination plays a role in promoting graduate education and cultivating innovative talents.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20 points)1) Public administration is an interdisciplinary field that integrates theory, policy, and practice.2) Management majors need to develop a solid foundation in economics, finance, and leadership.3) The advent of big data has revolutionized the way organizations make decisions and strategize.Answer:1) 公共管理是一个综合理论、政策和实践的跨学科领域。
讲师：余思雅翻译题型考查——考试大纲第三部分翻译考查考生所理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
共15分。
题型考查（与英语（一）比较）•大纲：英语（一）大纲：“要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线的句子（约150词）译成汉语，以考查考生准确理解结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”。
•难度：英语（一）要求翻译的5个句子往往是整篇文章中最长、最难或最复杂的句子，并且题材往往涉及专业性很强的科普性文章；英语（二）是短文翻译，短文中有难句亦有简单句，并且题材相对大众化、贴近生活实践。
•分值：英语（一）分值是10%，英语（二）分值是15%。
评分标准——翻译第四档（13-15分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
理解准确无误，表达通顺清楚，没有错译、漏译。
第三档（9-12分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。
理解基本准确，表达比较通顺，没有重大错译、漏译。
第二档（5-8分）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
理解原文不够准确，表达欠通顺，有明显错译、漏译。
第一档（0-4分）未完成试题规定的任务。
不能理解原文，表达不通顺、文字支离破碎。
本题目总分15分，评分内容分三部分：1.句子基本意思。
2.关键词。
3.总体印象。
（通常为2分，由卷面整洁、基本达意、表述流畅、文字优美四项构成，每项0,5分）卷面真题中的分布序号年份主题长度12010年Ning 对生活承受力的理解149词/10句22011年IT行业的温室气体排放152词/7句32012年发展中国家的人才流失151词/6句42013年一个超强记忆力者的自白156词/9句52014年如何看待并做到乐观147词/10句62015年熟路效应156词/10句72016年超市设计的目的及原理146词/7句82017年理想之路的由来153词/7句92018年Bill Gates 的阅读习惯139词/9句翻译技巧 词法句法全篇翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）1.猜“生词”构词法语境分析Just as crops are harvested，wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.【译文】______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking，it entails transnationalinvestment and international trade，thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market.【译文】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）2.词性转译名词转译成动词（最常见）①由动词派生的名词转译成动词There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.【译文】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（2. 词性转译）②含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
MBA英语翻译真题和答案2006年翻译Section IV Translation (20 point)Directions: in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle (航天飞机) Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how long that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects. (62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft. (63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit. (64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle’s underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle thatwere previously out of sight.(65).The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable.A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle’s skin-the first of its kind- moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand. Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.参考译文：(61) 航天机构被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到解决问题的方案。
UNIT 1A. 十八世纪以来，交通和道路条件有所改善，使得住在农村的人可以到附近的城镇去，进行多种娱乐活动。
一些观赏型活动随着十九世纪的工业化进程兴盛起来。
剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来，越来越多的人可以参与其中。
铁路网逐步形成，公交公司也开始出现，于是，价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游初具雏形，并最终发展成英国现在的团队游和包价游。
二十世纪，收音机、电影、电视相继问世，一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。
在所有这些变革中，参与型、观赏型、家庭型娱乐活动不断融合。
B. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵而独特的形象，同高雅文化联系在一起，而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。
大众流行文化的发展扩大了潜在观众群，使他们参与到更丰富的文化活动中。
更多人有机会接触更为广义的艺术。
流行音乐会、民间音乐、民族音乐以及青年文化消遣活动占据了年轻人很大一部分空闲时间，同时也促进了贸易和出口，并提升了英国的国内国际形象。
这些活动可能是业余的，也可能是专业的，它们进一步促进了参与型、观赏型和家庭型娱乐活动的融合。
C. 随着大多数人享有越来越多的空闲以及有了更多的收入，假期以及去哪度假成为了英国人生活中很重要的一部分。
许多人更愿意利用英国和欧洲大陆之间便利的海上和空中交通，自己安排假期。
英国本身假期的形式就多种多样，既有传统的海边家庭旅馆“住宿加早餐”，也可以入住宾馆，在房车停车场过夜或利用帐篷野营等等。
越来越多的家庭拥有汽车，进一步扩大了旅游的可能性。
今天，超过五分之三的家庭拥有至少一辆车，百分之十六的家庭拥有两辆或更多汽车。
II. 英国人把排队叫做“queue up”，美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”，只有纽约人不同，他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。
似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说，这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。
排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。
尽管对于城市里哪种队最难排似乎还没有一个一致的意见，但是人们在谈话中经常提到午饭时间在银行和邮局排队，年轻人则经常提到买电影票以及大学注册时排的长队。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷26(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. TranslationSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1．我们发现他是一位很有能力、很负责的工作人员。
我们和他的关系非常和谐。
正确答案：We have found him a most capable and responsible worker and our relations with him have been entirely cordial．涉及知识点：汉译英2．他的工作是完全令人满意的。
我们的关系一向是非常真诚的。
在任何的意义上来说，他是绝对忠实的，是一位辛勤劳动者和有才智的人。
正确答案：His work was perfectly satisfactory and our relations were always most cordial．He is strictly honest，a hard worker and art intelligent man in the best sense of the world．涉及知识点：汉译英3．她有作为一位十全十美的秘书的品质。
她工作效率高而谨慎/无论工作多么困难，需要多少时间，从不拖延。
正确答案：She has all the qualities of a perfect secretary．She is efficient and discreet/has never left a job undone，regardless of how difficult or time-consuming it may be．涉及知识点：汉译英4．在本公司服务期间，他的工作表现相当出色。
Key to Unit 1-10 of MPA TextbookUnit One Career CharismaII VocabularyA. 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. BB. Group I1. instill2. harnessing3. cultivate4. reinforce5. setback6. virtue7. perseveres8. fantasizeIIGroup1. reserved2. intuitively3. enthusiastic4. superbly5. dynamic6. optimistic7. pessimistic8. ultimatelyC. 1. confidently 2. winning 3. socialize 4. competitor5. astonishingly6. dramatically7. rewarding8. energeticIII Error Correction1. sells (selling)2. attributing (attributed)3. on(for)4. 在sharing前加the5.However(Moreover)6. two years(two-year)7. awarded (rewarded)8. paying (paid)IV TranslationA.1. Don’t talk like that to your mother, or to anyone else for that matter.1.This young tennis player obviously has an/the edge over/on his older opponent in terms ofstrength.3.Though we are faced with so many difficulties at present, I do believe our effort will payoff in the long run if we do not lose heart.4. With the popular use of home computers in the last decade of the 20th century, their sales havetaken off rapidly.5. China is blessed with abundant natural resources, and it is now undergoing unprecedentedchanges in political, economic and cultural fields.6. It is obvious to all that she’s put in a lot of effort on this piece of work, though the result isnot very satisfactory..7. If you set your mind to investigating the business environment of this region, you will findyour investment here will be profitable.8. He’s likely to become the table tennis world champion in the men’s singles once more, ashe psyched himself up for the match.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. APassage Two 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. BUnit Two Turning Failure into SuccessII VocabularyA. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. AB. Group I1. haunted2. assurance3. strain4. audition5. consolation6. resurgence7. observed8. ventureGroup II1. prone2. unevenly3. promising4. reassuring5. bound6. infinite7. talented8. IdeallyB. 1. destructive 2. disastrous 3. exemplified 4. warmth5. disappointment6. independently7. uneven8. responseIII Error Correction1. simple →simply2. them → it3. and →or4. for →to5. to make → making6. will arrive → arrives7. some → any8. and → and since IV TranslationA.1.If all of us had pitched in, we would have accomplished the task one year ago.2.Guang Ming Department Store started specializing in stationery, and branched out intogeneral merchandise two years later.3.He passed the test required for government office work, but was turned down for physicalmatters.4. You ‘d better take stock of your ability thoroughly before you decide to do something.5.Don’t be put off by what he said. He didn’t mean harm at all. He was just telling the truth.6.They invited us to go for a picnic in the suburbs over the weekend, but we failed to make itbecause of the bad weather.7.Brown believed that establishing business relations with other nations would, in the long run,provide a good opportunity for the United States to influence the economic policies of these nations.8.Xiao Li is trustworthy, practical, and, above all, he is very hard-working.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. BPassage Two 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. BUnit Three Thank YouII VocabularyA. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. BB. Group I1. insights2. reverse3. assemble4. reassurance5. underwent6. compose7. gratitude8. clusteredIIGroup1. exceptional2. alternately3. genuine4. sentimental5. paramount6. gloriously7. verbal8. successiveC. 1. ashamed 2. embarrassing 3. survival 4. appreciation5. desirable6. peerless7. priority8. sensitivityIII Error Correction2.made feel (made to feel) 2. so (too)3. frightened(frightening)4.not to read (not reading)5. which(what)6. respectable(respectful)7.to laugh and love(laughing and loving) 8. in(into)IV TranslationA.1. Rather than John do it, I’d prefer to do the job myself.2.His difficulty in walking results from a childhood illness.3.Nowadays most young people in the city take central heating for granted because they’venever lived without it.4.I blame myself—totally immersed in my latest project, I failed to notice that something waswrong with him.5.Because of arthritis the old man can only slowly make his way around the house in winter.6.Unfortunately George cannot be present at the party tonight, and I am pleased to accept theaward on his behalf.7.This photograph brought back her horrible memories of the night when her husband wasinvolved in the traffic accident.8.In spite of last night’s terrorist attack most people seem to be going about their own businessas if nothing had happened.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. CPassage Two 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. CUnit Four How to Avoid Foolish OpinionsII VocabularyA. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. AB.Group I1.conviction2. conceal3. esteem4. retorted5. intensity6. warrant7. flatters 8. cosmosGroup II1. rational2. cautious3. inherent4. passionate5. savage6. superior7. insular 8. hypotheticalC. 1. reasonable 2. profitable 3. psychological 4. imaginary 5. appetizing6. limitations7.characteristic8. prevailingIII Error Correction1. For (To)2. fewer (less)3. born 后面加with4. in (at)5. this(which)6. another(the other)7. play(plays)8. they(who)IV TranslationA.1. We may as well go to the concert, seeing that we’ve already paid for the tickets.2.Plants are prone to death in hot weather if we don’t water them.3.I’m a little short of time over the next few days, but perhaps we could schedule anappointment for next week.4.You could be subject to many dangers by traveling alone in that area.5. The British weather is not always as bad as it is made out (to be)6. After Christmas I have to work hard to rid myself of all of the debts.7. We don’t want to commit ourselves on a financial plan until more details are known.8. For aught we know, there are creatures in this world which are as superior to our humanbeings as we are to other animals.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. DPassage Two 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. BUnit Five Personal Privacy in the Digital AgeII VocabularyA. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. AB. Group I1.fraud2. incorporating3. incentive4. implemented5. manipulate6. abuse7. simulate8. myriadGroup II1. ongoing2. incredibly3. plausible4. anonymous5. manually6. exotic7. consistently8. vulnerableC. 1. endless 2. identifiable 3. scanner 4. unavoidable5. illegal6. workable7. generalize8. implicationsIII Error Correction1.在instead后面加of2. for (of)3. has released (released or had released)4. the other (another)5. in(into)6. cut out(cut off)7. equipments(equipment)8. them(it)IV TranslationA.1. The BBC is hooked up with Australian television by satellite.2.The mayors emphasized that economic problems must be put on the agenda of thetomorrow’s meeting.3.Confronted with the increasingly serious economic crisis, the government adhered to itsoriginal plan in spite of the resistance.4.He spent money like water, and ran up two thousand dollars worth of bills in less than amonth..5. I don’t like this radio play—let’s switch (over) to other programmes.6. Because there is an increasing number of graduates these years, a satisfying job is veryhard to come by now.7.The polite and well-behaved people are, for the most part, well educated.8. With spectacular advances in modern technologies, robots are taking the place of workers onassembly lines.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. APassage Two 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. CPractice Test OneSection I Reading Comprehension1. C2. B3. D4. B5. A6. D7. B8. C9. A 10. D11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. DSection II Vocabulary21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. ASection III Error Correction41. D 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. ASection IV TranslationPart A1.We have now accomplished the project at hand, and several others will be under way nextmonth.2. He saved the drowning child from the river, but only at the cost of his own life.3. We don’t want to have all our eggs in one basket as we are not sure if our investment in thisarea is profitable.4. This island is located in the middle of the ocean, so it is subject to frequent attacks ofhurricanes.5. He is still a nobody after having worked with this company for ten years. He will go to greatlengths to get promotion this time.Unit Six Japanese Style in Decision-makingII VocabularyA. 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. AB. Group 1: 1. consensus 2. distinguish 3. agency 4. harmony 5. consult6. turnover7. measure8. resistedGroup 2: 1. unilateral 2. leisurely 3.densely 4.homogeneous5. predominantly6. superior7. aware8. eventuallyC. 1. bilateral 2. stability 3. interrelated / related 4. minimal 5. illiterate6. unconscious7. inflexible8. loyaltyIII Error Correction1. to → on2. come → coming3. as → like4. Similarly →Instead5. that → what6. sounds → sounds like7. have to → had to8. nor → orIV Translation1．It was during his study in Italy that he really came to grips with contemporary music.2．At the least, you could tell me how many people there would like to learn Chinese.3．They would like to set up a special school for the gifted young, but they are short of a large sum of money at present.4．Our plan to travel abroad / Our overseas travel fell through at the last minute, for the travel agency went out of business / went bankrupt.5．A company’s primary competition is with itself / A company’s major competitor is itself, which is true of individuals.6．Where there is determination and diligence, there is a way for you to succeed in your career.7．In contrast to school systems in America, countries like France, Germany, and Japan have school systems that are financed and regulated on the national level.8．Housing in developing countries is obviously inferior to that in developed nations.Fast ReadingPassage One: 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. BPassage Two: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. BUnit Seven Managing ConflictII VocabularyA. 1. A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6. C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.DB. Group I 1. eliminated 2. subordinates 3. abound 4. compromises 5. overlap6. division7. proceed8. suspectGroupII 1. ambiguous 2. explicitly 3. cohesive 4. extensively 5. dramatically6. scarce7. neutral8. ultimatelyC. 1. occurrence 2. provision 3. distortions 4. likelihood 5. commitment6. disputants7. arbitrator8. interdependentIII Error Correction1. handling → handled2. dealt → dealt with3. and → or4. fall → falling5. wrongly → wrong6. tripping → trip7. have to → has to8. of dealing → to dealIV Translation1.Up till now, the whole matter boiled down to a power struggle between the trade union andthe directors in the company.2.In recent years local industry has developed rapidly, but at the expense of some historical and3.Many problems discussed at the meeting arise from lack of communication.4.His conscientious attitude towards work stems from a strong sense of responsibility.5.Write the name down so that you remember or it’ll slip through the crack.6.It has been suggested by some experts that private schools should be integrated into thenational educational system.7.The lose-lose strategy is a problem-solving technique that both sides have to adopt at greatcost.8.We need help with research projects in exchange for free use of all the lab apparatus..Fast ReadingPassage One: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. DPassage Two: 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. AUnit Eight Global Trade: Consensus and Conflict in the WTOII VocabularyA. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. AB. Group I1.violation2. enforce3. collapse4. modify5. launched6. disguised7. subsidy 8. penalizedGroup II1. Minimum2. long-standing3. domestic4. genetically5. unilaterally6. massive7. multinational 8. restrictiveC. 1. expansion 2. influential 3. unfairly 4. negotiator 5. executive 6. Competition7. repeatedly 8. recurringIII Error Correction1.ranged (ranging)2. includes (including)3. who (which)4. Alike (Like)5. involved(involving)6. for(to)7. which前加上under8. the other(another) IV TranslationA.1. His remark contributed enormously to our understanding of why the WTO met withopposition from developing nations.2.In the absence of any more suitable candidates, we decided to offer the job to Mr. Smith.3.Some developing nations are struggling to keep out imports to protect their infantindustries from competition of foreign industries.4.Trade negotiations encountered major obstacles because individual nations had intereststhat clashed with those of other nations.5. The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts for the next decade.6. Colonial settlers imposed their own culture and religion on the countries that theyconquered.7.After several rounds of negotiations both sides hammered out a compromise settlement atlast.8. The competition resulting from free trade helps to hold down the rate of inflation and increaseproduct quality around the world.Fast ReadingPassage One 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. DPassage Two 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. BUnit Nine Love and the SelfII VocabularyA. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7.D 8. C 9. A 10. DB. Group 11. asserts2. embody3. conform4. essence5. dilemma6. mutualitymitment8. harmonyGroup 21. paradoxically2.subtle3. contemporary4. ironic5. dull6. absolutely7. absorbed8. romanticC. 1. fulfillment 2. expression 3. desirable 4. uncertain 5. preference6. Unwilling7. individuality8. combinationIII Error Correction1. to the sake --- for the sake2. must (omitted)3. all things--- all the things4. stop to give---stop giving5. to---with6. which---that7. build---building8. something---anythingIV TranslationA.1.She will hold to her belief under whatever circumstances.2.We were anxious/worried to find he felt at home in the lounge and showed no signs ofleaving.3.With a bit of give and take, you both would not have suffered any loss then.4.It’s high time for us to put aside our difference and work together for our common purpose.5.I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed (up) by the darkness.6.They didn’t so much choose to be together as simply accept what already was.7.Women assert themselves more strongly nowadays and do not tolerate unfair treatment frommen like/as they once did.8.It is little /no wonder that John doesn’t have the slightest knowledge of the outstandingpyramids in Egypt, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, as he is illiterate.Fast ReadingPassage One: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. DPassage Two: 1. B 2.C 3.C 4. B 5. DUnit Ten Bound to BickerII VocabularyA. 1. A 2.D 3. D 4.B 5.A 6. D 7. B 8.A 9.A 10. CB.Group I 1. triggered 2. revenge 3. counterparts 4. integrity 5. vestige6. disrupting7. reserves8. emigrationGroup II 1. impassioned 2. temporary 3. relentless 4. consistently 5. intertwined6. evolutionarily7. inhibitory8. prolongedC.1. irreconcilable2. clinicians3. emergence4. analogous5. pervasive6. continually7. controversy8. repeatedlyIII Error Correction1. at →from2. that → when3. occurred → occurring4. moreover → however5. with → as6. an → a7. develop → develops8. for → ofIV Translation1.Our products compete well in terms of product quality, reliability and above all variety.2.The opening ceremony of Ruili Company coincided with the worst snowstorm here in the pasttwo decades.3.We used to be very friendly, but it seems now that our political disagreements have taken theirtoll of our friendship.4.One need only point to the great increase in violence in recent years as an example of the fallin moral values in our time.5.Many of our company’s financial problems he mentioned in the report are off the mark.6.Your description of what could have been avoided last week should be brief and to the point.7.This agreement calls for the industrialized nations to reduce emissions to about 5 percentbelow 1990 emission levels on the average.8.Pragmatism sought a middle ground between the two extremes, the nature of reality and thatof nihilism.Fast ReadingPassage One:1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. CPassage Two: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.APractice Test TwoSection I Reading ComprehensionPassage One: 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. APassage Two: 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. BPassage Three:11. A 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. CPassage Four:16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. BSection II Vocabulary21.B 22.A 23.C 24.A 25. D 26. D 27. D 28.A 29.B 30.B31.D 32.A 33.A 34.B 35. D 36. B 37. A 38.B 39.D 40.CSection III Error Correction41. C directing towards → directed 42. D these → those 43. A passive → passively 44. C which → where 45. C to examine → examining 46. A when → Where47. C lifting → to lift/ lift 48. C whom →which 49. C all can → can all 50. C our parents → their parentsSection IV TranslationPart A1.Phil was furious with the manager—I think he came close to blows.2.In its real sense, the current debate boils down to a conflict between the leftists and rightists. *3.Tailoring is a highly skilled handcraft that requires a knowledge of measuring, cutting, andfitting garments to conform to a specific wearer's body.4.We are expected to come to grips with the cultural and historical factors that have helpedbring about this advanced management style before we adopt it from another country.5.Unsafe working conditions not only lead to illness, but also take a toll in reduced productivity.。
MBA英语翻译真题和答案2005年翻译Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. (56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors.Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. (57) For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affectthe availability of skilled workers in the region.The public’s changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of mew problems emerging rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.(59) many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planers, especially in the military, “thinking about theunthinkable”. Pioneering futurists at the RAND corporation (the first “think tank”) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60) The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.(56) 具有远见的艺术博物馆馆长可能会紧跟/顺应电脑图形图像的流行趋势，使展品对较年轻的参观者更具吸引力。
1专业学位硕士研究生英语教程--翻译答案合计-Unit2-Unit5Unit 2TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not immediately concerned with finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset.参考译文：女人有压力时，会本能地需要找人谈论自己的感受以及所有可能与之相关的问题。
她一旦开始谈论，就不会顾虑到问题的优先顺序。
而她一难过，不论大大小小的事都让她沮丧不已。
她并不急于马上寻求解决策略，而是可通过倾诉自我，获得理解来取得纾解（安慰）。
通过随意倾诉自己的问题，她会感觉好受一点。
Exercise Turn the following sentences into Chinese.1. The improbable (pregnant) pregnancy was (some/ a pieces of) big news for the woman's family.2. In reality, I am a great (admire) admirer of Maya.3. Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again,by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.4. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.5. That day he was up before sunrise (sunrise: n./ vi.<->sunset: n./ vi.).参考译文：1. 她竟然能怀孕，对她的家庭来说可是一条特大消息。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷16(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.22 in 12 months.正确答案：国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，在按贸易额加权的情况下，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
美元兑换欧元的比率达到0.88美元兑换1欧元，比一月初高出8%，接近去年九月欧洲中央银行和美联储联合干预以支持欧元时的水平。
为什么欧元显得如此疲软呢? 对此有许多说法。
其中之一是市场不相信欧洲中央银行：欧元区经济并非不受美国经济衰退的影响，但是中央银行更关注的似乎仍然是克服通货膨胀，而不是支持经济增长；另一个似乎更合理的解释是，在全球经济不稳定的情况下，美元重新获得了安全货币的传统角色。
大多数经济学家认为，欧元的价值被低估了，他们认为欧元明年会反弹。
高曼?萨克斯是其中最乐观的估计者之一——他预计在12个月内会出现1.22美元兑换1欧元的汇率。
涉及知识点：英译汉2．Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent”; yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B,D. —Nervous Break Down.正确答案：为自己负责包括不再去相信一些非常流行的神话。
MBA-考研英语翻译完毕一、商务英语阅读（阅读下面的短文，对5 个题目进行判断，每道题正确答案只有一个。
每小题2.5 分，共25 分）When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping（付小费）at Per-Se., his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace itwith European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping——as they quickly made clear onWeb sites. To oppose tipping, it seems to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French. But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. To besure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to havelittle applicability to the real world of restaurants.Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers’ assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip. Rather, customers are likely to tipmore in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled ——in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while femalecustomers increase their tips for male servers.What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”: every bottle ofimported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key quality service often goes unrecognized. In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect votingwith your tip might have had on an individual waiter . In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service .当美国头牌厨师Thomas Keller宣布将于9月1日对其自营的纽约高级餐厅废除付小费惯例，取而代之的是欧式服务费时，我就知道三类人会反对：消费者、服务生和餐馆老板。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. TranslationSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1．Research by Deborah Tannen provides us with some important insights into the differences between men and women in terms of their conversational styles. In particular, she has been able to explain why gender often creates oral communication barriers. The essence of Tannen’s research is that men use talk to emphasize status whereas women use it to create connection Tannen states that communication is a continual balancing act, juggling the conflicting needs for intimacy and independence. Intimacy emphasizes closeness and commonalities. Independence emphasizes separateness and differences. So, for many men, conversations are primarily a means to preserve independence and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. For many women, conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support.正确答案：泰南的研究向我们提供了理解两性之间沟通风格差异的重要见解，尤其是解释了造成两性之间口头沟通障碍的原因。
1.这匹马在比赛进行一半时开始领先The horse began to get ahead halfwaythrough the race.2.如果他当时不替我说好话，公司不会录用我If he hadn't put in a good word forme, the company wouldn't have recruited me3.他伸出舌头，对着镜子仔细的看He poked out his tongue and looked at itcarefully in the mirror.4.当房子倒塌的时候，人们惊恐地向后退The crowd drew back in terror as thebuilding crashed to the ground.5.街道上到处是垃圾The streets were strewn with rubbish.6.节假日里少了平时的压力，这让人感到很舒服Being shut off from pressureduring working hours makes one feel comfortable during the holidays.7.这些志愿者们承担了让这些乡村孩子受教育的责任These volunteers take itupon themselves to make it possible for those rural kids to receive education. 8.他们用各种各样的规则和禁令来约束孩子They hem in the child with endlessrules and restrictions.9.我儿子说长大以后要当一名篮球教练My son said he would like to be abasketball coach when he grows up.10.如果我们今年不按时完成任务，明年又会很辛苦If we don't finish the work intime, we will look forward to another hard year.11.国庆时人们多爱去天安门广场欢呼庆祝Tiananmen square is a favorite placefor people to whoop it up on National Day12.他由于上班总是磨洋工而被开除了He got fired because he kept goofing off onhis job13.我印象里，我妈妈总是不停的忙进忙出I always have the image of my motherbustling in and out14.政府专门设立了一个特别工作组试图对付这个城市不断上升的犯罪率Thegovernment set up a task force to tackle the rising crime rate in this city15.他经常滔滔不绝地说起他在部队时的有趣的事He often spouts off about thefunny things that happened when he was in the army16.有些广告的成功在于充分利用了人们崇拜名人的心理The success of some adslies in that they fully capitalize people’s psychology of worshipping celebrities 17.要把这么大的一个企业交给一个二十几岁的年轻人我还真有点不放心I amreally concerned that such a big company will be handed over to a young man in his twenties.18.这个节目的目的是要告诉观众，这些英雄们在本质上和我们一样，都是平常人The purpose of this program is to tell the audience that these heroes are at heart ordinary people just like us19.诉诸理智而不是情感，这是处理矛盾的一个基本原则One basic principle insolving conflict is to appeal to mind not emotion20.和一种情形关联的情感很容易转移到别的情形中It’s easy to let the emotionsattached to one situation spill over into others。
第一课课后翻译1.事业成功的人具有他们看世界的方式，这种方式使得高层管理人员感到他们能出色地完成任何事，使得与他们共事的所有人都充满了热情和获胜的精神。
他们的成功不仅取决于努力和天分，而且取决于态度。
2.我宣布：“我想成为金星上的第一名女性。
父亲看着我，然后开始认真地制订行动计划。
他说：首先，我不得不学习物理和天文学。
我知道接着他幻想着我进入工业学校学习。
他从不嘲笑我“此刻的梦想”。
他似乎只是假定，让我假定我能做好下决心去做的事。
3.令人满意的家庭（社会生活）能让你扛住艰辛的一周所承受的压力,给予你一种思考方法。
另外，在工作以外担任重要角色减轻了寄希望于一件事情上所带来的焦虑。
社团或者慈善活动也能使你在工作之外感到充满力量并且很有价值。
第二课V. Difficult sentences1.Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. L7维基的反应是一个常见的现象中的极端的例子。
Meaning: people having such feelings (when rejected) is very common, but inVicky’s case her response was especially serious and unusual.人有这样的感觉(当拒绝)是很常见的,但在维基的情况特别严重,她的反应是不寻常的。
2.Our society places so much emphasis on…any failure is bad.(L7-8)。
我们的社会如此推崇“成功”，以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。
有时候我们并没有看到貌似失败的事情可能从长远看来被证明为有利的。
3. People are generally prone to…”Two-valued orientation.”(L14-15)Meaning:People generally tend to look at things as having only two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, and that is not true must be false —this two valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation”by Hayakawa.人们大多受到语言学家S·I·早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。
4. Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex , living, changing human being. L19-20Meaning: it is certainly unfair just to label someone a failure or a successe,for a human being is a complex, living creature that keeps changing.事实上,失败与成功这个词不能合理应用描述复杂、鲜活、变化中的人。
5. They never branch out…grade average.(L41-42)Meaning: they always stick to what they know and never try anything new orinteresting because they don’t want to endanger their GPA.他们从不扩大兴趣范围，涉足诱人的新领域，因为他们不想拿自己的平均积分点去冒险。
Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. 要抵制责怪别人的本能冲动，Meaning: Do not be tempted by the instinctive desire to blame your failure on someone else.6. Success, which encourages…as failure.(L84-85)Meaning: success…. does not teach you to perform as well as failure does.成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。
7. You can learn from a…in a second.(L85-86)你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选房时要注意些什么。
Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction.(L86-87) Meaning: even what happens appears a complete failure can inspire meaningful new ideas or a positive change in one’s course of action.即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。
8. Though we may envy…by courage in defeat.(L107-108)Meaning: though we may admire the confidence that people gain from their success, most of us are impressed by the courage that people show when they fail.虽然我们也许会羡慕随着成功而来的自信，但我们大多数人都敬佩面对失败时的勇气。
9. There is what might be called…moving bravely on.(L110-112)有一种失败可以称作崇高的失败---即胸怀大志，竭尽全力，而在这被证明不够时，仍勇往直前这样一种独特的英雄主义。
10. As R.W.Emerson said: “…he is bound”(L112-117)正如拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生所说的：“一个人的成功是由多次失败组成的，因为他每天都在进行试验、冒险，他跌倒的次数越多，前进的速度也越快……我听说在骑术中从没有摔过的骑手不是一个好骑手，一个人要被摔下马背后才会成为好骑手；那样他才不再因怕坠马而老是提心吊胆，才会任意纵马驰骋。
”课后Translation1、成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。
你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选房时要注意些什么。
即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。
化失败为成功维基是个漂亮，有天分，聪明的姑娘，上大学的时候就被选为“最有可能成功的人士”。
她毕业后在一个大公司找到了一个很有前景的工作。
工作了两年没有得到提升，结果被解雇了。
她完全精神崩溃了。
“这太可怕了，”她后来告诉我，“一切都一帆风顺，我还从来没尝过被拒绝的滋味。
我感觉自己是个失败者。
”她的反应是一个普通现象的极端例子。
我们的社会如此推崇成功以至与我们认为任何失败都是坏事。
有时我们认识不到看似失败的东西也许从长远来看大有裨益。
比如，当维基能够冷静的思考为什么她会被解雇时，她意识到她只是并不适合从事老是与人打交道的工作而已。
在文字编辑这一新的工作岗位上，她独挡一面，心情愉快，又一次‘成功’了。
一般来说，人们都有语言学家S.H. 早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。
我们都说要看问题的两个方面，就像任何问题都只有两面似的。
我们假定一个人要么是成功人士要么是失败者，而事实上成功和失败都有无数多的量度。
就像早川指出的那样，‘我失败过三次’和‘我是一个失败者’就有天壤之别。
事实上，成功与失败这两个词并不能用来合理的描述一个复杂的，活生生的，不断变化的人。
它们只能描述某一特殊时间，某一特殊地点的情况。
显然，没有哪个人能够样样精通。
事实上，在某个方面成功常常会妨碍另一方面的成功。
一位有名的政治家有次告诉我说他的事业几乎毁了他的婚姻。
“我没有时间顾及家人，”他解释到，“我经常外出旅行。
即使在家里也难得与妻子儿女见面。
我拥有了权力，金钱和声望——但是，作为丈夫和父亲，我却是个失败者。
”某些成功有时候确实具有毁灭性。
过早的成功具有特别严重的危害。
我记得在我小时候有个女孩，她高超的溜冰技术表明她是个‘奥运人才’。
当我们其余的人在玩耍，骑自行车，读书甚至闲逛时，这个女孩却在滑冰——每天放学后以及整个周末都在滑。
她的照片经常出现在报纸上，我们都嫉妒她这种令人羡慕的生活。
数年后，谈起早年的辉煌成就她却不无心酸。
“除了溜冰，我从来没有为做别的事情做好准备，”她说，“我17岁时达到了顶峰——自那以后，一直在走下坡路。
”来之太易的成功也具有破坏性。
因一篇匆匆写成的论文而获奖的孩子，一个凭借运气侥幸在第一份工作中即出人头地的成年人都可能会在真正的挑战出现时面临失望。
以牺牲某种经历的整体质量为代价得来的成功也是有害的。
成功的学生有时候光沉迷于成绩而永远享受不到学校生活的乐趣。
他们从不扩大兴趣范围涉足诱人的新领域，因为他们不想拿自己的平均积分点去冒险。
（漏了一段）为什么这么多人如此害怕失败？只不过是没人告诉我们如何失败从而使失败成为一种成长的经验。
我们忘记了失败是人类状态的一部分，忘记了“每个人都有失败的权利。
”大多数父母不是竭力避免失败就是竭力不让孩子知道他们已经失败。
一种方式是降低标准。
孩子们匆匆做成的桌子，即使是制作粗燥而且摇摇晃晃，做母亲的也称之为“棒极了！”。
另一种方式是把过错推给别人。
如果约翰数学不及格，那准是老师不公平或者太蠢。
种种失败预防机制的问题在于使孩子对现实世界的生活毫无准备。
年轻人需要认识到没有人能样样都是最好的，没有人能始终获胜——即使你没获胜，你也有可能享受到比赛的乐趣。
如果一个孩子没有被邀请参加一个生日聚会，没有列入光荣榜，或没有进棒球队，他的感觉当然不爽。
但是，父母不应该马上颁发安慰奖或者说，“没关系”，因为这实在是有关系的。
应该让年轻人去经历失望——然后再帮助他们去克服它。
失败从来都不是愉快事。
无论成年人还是孩子，失败时都会伤心。
但是一旦你学会利用它，它就会对你的生活起到积极的作用。
第一步是要问：“为什么我会失败？”要抵制责怪比尔的本能冲动。
