d layer d 层
d'alembertlagrange equation 达朗贝尔拉格朗日方程d'alembert's operator 达朗贝尔算符
d'alembert's paradox 达朗贝尔悖论
d'alembert's principle 达朗贝尔原理
dalton law 道尔顿定律
dam 堤
dam break 溃坝
dam crest 坝顶
dam with lifting gates 具有提升式闸门的坝
damage curve 损坏曲线
damage line 损坏曲线
damage mechanics 损伤力学
damage of composite materials 复合材料损伤
damage of rock 岩石损伤
damped 阻尼的
damped frequency 阻尼频率
damped oscillation 阻尼振荡
damped periodic instrument 阻尼周期仪表
damped system 阻尼系统
damped vibration 阻尼振动
damped wave 阻尼波
damper 阻尼器
damping 阻尼
damping capacity 阻尼能量damping coefficient 衰减系数damping constant 阻尼常数damping decrement 衰减率damping exponent 阻尼指数damping force 阻尼力
damping function 阻尼函数damping matrix 阻尼矩阵
damping parameter 阻尼参数damping period 阻尼时间
damping ratio 阻尼率
damping resistance 衰减阻力dangerous cross section 危险断面dangerous diagram 危险线图dangerous surface 危险面
dap 切口
darcy equation 达谓程
darcy friction factor 达桅擦因数darcy impact pressure tube 达喂力管darcy law 达谓程
darcy law for porous flow 达硒哩律darcy's law 达唯律
dashed curve 短划线
dashed line 短划线
datum level 基准平面
datum line 基准线
datum plane 基准平面
datum point 基准点
davisgibson color filter 船斯吉布森滤色器de/dx counter de/dx 计数器
dead angle 死角
dead load 自重
dead point 死点
dead water 死水
dead weight 自重
deaeration除气
deborah number 狄勃拉数
debris 碎片
debris flow 泥石流岩屑流
debye force 德拜力
debye temperature 德拜温度
decalage翼差角
decalescence 吸热
decametric wave 十米波
decay 衰减
decay curve 衰减曲线
decay law 衰减定律
decay rate 衰减率
decay time 衰减时间
decaying turbulence 衰变湍流decelerated motion 减速运动deceleration 减速度deceleration energy 减速能deceleration force 减速力decelerometer减速计
deci分
decibel 分贝
deck bridge 上承式桥
deck girder 上承式大梁
deck structure 甲板结构declination angle 偏角declination tide 赤纬潮decomposition 分解decomposition pressure 分解压力decompressor减压器decoupling 退耦
decrease 减少
decrement 衰减
decrescence减小
deep 深水区
deep beam 深梁
deep current 深层流
deep drawing 深拉
deep water circulation 深水环流deep water wave 深水波
defect 缺陷
defectoscope探伤仪
deficiency 筐
deficit 筐
deflagration 爆燃
deflagration pressure 爆燃压力deflagration speed 爆燃速率deflagration wave 爆燃波deflation 风蚀
deflecting force 偏转力deflecting torque 致偏转矩deflection 挠度
deflection angle 挠角
deflection constant 偏转常数deflection curve 挠度曲线deflection efficiency 致偏效率deflection function 偏转函数deflection of plate 板的挠度deflection of the needle 指针偏转deflection sensitivity 偏转灵敏度deflection superposition 挠曲叠加
deflection surface 挠曲面
deflectometer挠度计
deflector 偏转器
deformability 变形性
deformable medium 可形变介质deformable surface 可弯曲面deformation 形变
deformation band 变形范围deformation deviator 形变偏量deformation effect 形变效应deformation energy 变形能
deformation energy density 形变能量密度deformation equation 变形方程deformation gradient 变形梯度deformation hypothesis 形变假说deformation loss 形变损耗
deformation matrix 形变矩阵deformation measure 应变量度deformation method 变形法deformation of convective type 对镣形变deformation of media 介质变形deformation parameter 形变参数deformation period 形变周期deformation potential 形变势
deformation rate 应变率
deformation rate tensor 变形速率张量deformation relaxation 应变弛豫deformation resistance 抗变形性deformation tensor 形变张量
deformation tensor invariant 形变张量不变量deformation test 变形试验
deformation texture 形变织构
deformation vector 形变矢量
deformation velocity 变形速度
deformation vibration 形变振动deformation work 形变功
deformational behavior 变形行为
deformed bar 变形钢筋
deforming force 变形力
degassing by cavitation 依穴去气degeneration 退化
degradation of energy 能量衰减
degree fahrenheit华氏温度
degree kelvin 开氏温度
degree of accuracy 准确度
degree of consolidation 固结度
degree of deformation 形变率
degree of dispersion 分散度
degree of dryness 干度
degree of filling 填充度
degree of fluidity 怜度
degree of freedom 自由度
degree of freedom of robot 机扑自由度degree of hardness 硬度
degree of humidity 湿度
degree of instability 不稳定度
degree of overlap 重叠度
degree of permeability 渗透度
degree of reliability 可靠程度
degree of saturation 饱和度
degree of sensitiveness 敏感度
degree of sensitivity 敏感度
degree of shear 剪变度
degree of stability 稳定度
degree of staticalindeterminancy静不定度degree of symmetry 对称度
degree of turbulence 湍寥
degree of vacuum 真空度
degree of wear 磨损度dehumidification 减湿
delay 滞后
delay time 延迟时间
delayed coincidence 延迟符合
delayed deformation 延迟形变
delayed elasticity 延迟弹性
delayed fracture 滞后断裂
delayed precipitation 延迟沉淀
delayed restoration of equilibrium 平衡延迟恢复
delivery nozzle 输送管嘴
delivery pipe 压送管
delivery side 出口侧
delivery valve 压出阀
delta function 函数
delta wing 三角形机翼
demolition 拆除
demolition blasting 拆除爆破
denavithartenberg coordinate system 迪纳维特哈坦伯格坐标系dense fluid 稠密铃
dense fluid physical mechanics 稠密铃物理力学
dense plasma 稠密等离子体
densification 填密
densimeter密度计
densimetry密度测量
density 比质量
density after vibration 振后密度
density current 密度流
density function 密度函数
density gage 密度计
density measurement 密度测定
density modulation 密度灯
density of gas 气体密度
density of mass 质量密度
density spectrum 密度谱
density temperature coefficient 密度温度系数density wave 密度波
dependence 相依性
dependent similarity criterion 相依相似准则dependent stochastic variable 相依随机变量depletion curve 退水曲线depolymerization解聚酌
deposit 沉积物
depression angle 俯角
depression contour 等降压线depressurization 降压
depth of hardening 硬化深度
depth of indentation 压痕深度
depth of smoothness 平滑深度
depth wave 深水波
derailment 脱轨
derivability 可导出性
derivation 推导
derivative action 导数酌derivative action control 微商控制derivative action time 微商酌时间derived unit 导出单位descension降落
descent 下降
descent speed 下降速度
design 设计
design data 设计数据
design load 设计荷载
design of experiments 实验规划法design power 设计功率
design speed 设计速度
design stress 设计应力
design variable 设计变量
design wave 设计波浪
design wave method 设计波法desired value 期待值destrengthening软化
destruction 破坏
destruction test 破坏试验destruction work 破坏工作detached body 分离体
detached bow wave 脱体头波
detached shock wave 脱体激波
detailed balance 细致平衡
detectability 检测能力
detectable 可检测的
detector 检验器
determinant 行列式
determinantal wave function 行列式波函数determination of orbit 轨道测定detonating gas 爆炸性气体
detonation 爆震
detonation adiabatic line 爆轰绝热曲线detonation limits 爆轰极限
detonation pressure 爆震压力
detonation velocity 爆轰速度
detonation wave 爆轰波
development 展开
deversoir溢吝
deviation 偏差
deviation of the vertical 铅垂线偏斜deviator 偏量
deviatoric stress 偏应力
deviatoric stress tensor 偏应力张量dextrorotation 右旋
dextrorotatory form 右旋型
diabatic flow 非绝热怜
diagonal 斜杆
diagonal brace 斜撑
diagonal element 对角元
diagonal matrix 对角矩阵
diagonal sum rule 对角和规则
diagram of equilibrium 平衡图
diagram of forces 力系的图解
diagram of state 状态图
diagram of stresses 应力图
diagram of velocities 速度图
dialysis 渗析
diameter 直径
diaphragm 振动膜
diaphragm pressure gage 薄膜压力计diaphragm pump 隔膜泵
diaphragm valve 隔膜阀
diathermancy 透热性
diathermic 透热的
diatomic gas 双原子气体
dielectric strain 电介质应变
difference differential equation 差分微分方程difference equation 差分方程
difference in pressure 压力差
difference method 差分法
difference of level 落差
difference quotient 差分商
difference schema method 差分格式法
differential approximation 微分逼近
differential constraint 微分约束
differential cross section 微分横截面
differential equation of d'alembertlagrange达朗贝尔拉格朗日微分方程differential gage 压差计
differential manometer 差压计
differential operator 微分算符
differential pressure 压差
differential pressure gage 压差计
difform奇形的
diffracted wave 衍射波
diffraction 衍射
diffraction angle 衍射角
diffraction curve 衍射曲线
diffraction fringe 衍射条纹
diffraction loss 衍射损失
diffraction maximum 衍射峰
diffraction of water wave 水波衍射
diffraction oscillation 衍射振荡
diffraction peak 衍射峰
diffraction ring 衍射环
diffuse double layer 漫散双层
diffuser 扩压器扩散器
diffusibility扩散能力
diffusibleness扩散能力
diffusion 扩散
diffusion boundary layer 扩散边界层diffusion breadth 扩散宽度
diffusion by interchange 交换扩散diffusion coefficient 扩散系数
diffusion creep 扩散蠕变
diffusion equation 扩散方程
diffusion equilibrium 扩散平衡
diffusion flow 扩散流
diffusion frequency 扩散频率
diffusion heat 扩散热
diffusion in solids 固体中的扩散diffusion mean free path 扩散平均自由程diffusion mobility 扩散迁移率
diffusion permeability 扩散渗透性diffusion potential 扩散势
diffusion pressure 扩散压力
diffusion rate 扩散速度
diffusion relaxation 扩散弛豫
diffusion resistance 扩散阻力
diffusion ring 扩散环
diffusion separating column 扩散分离柱diffusion time 扩散时间
diffusion velocity 扩散速度
diffusion viscosity 扩散粘性
diffusion wave 扩散波
diffusion width 扩散宽度
diffusion zone 扩散带
diffusivity of heat 热扩散率
digging 挖掘
digital computer 数字计算机
digitizing 数字化
dihedral angle 二面角
dilatancy扩容现象
dilatant fluid 胀猎铃
dilatation 膨胀
dilatational fissure 膨胀裂缝dilatational shock 稀疏激波dilatational strain 体积应变dilatational wave 膨胀波
dilatational work 膨胀功
dilatometric curve 膨胀曲线
dilatometry膨胀测定法
dilute phase flow 稀相怜
dilute phase of fluidization 怜稀相
diluted gas 稀气体
dilution factor 稀释因数
dimension theory 量纲理论
dimensional analysis 量纲分析dimensional equation 量纲方程dimensional formula 量纲公式dimensional invariance 量纲不变性dimensional perturbation 尺寸的扰动dimensional quantity 量纲量
dimensional transformation 量纲变换dimensionless 无量纲的
dimensionless number 无因次数dimensionless quantity 无量纲量dimensionless specific speed 无因次比转速dip 倾斜
diphase 两相的
dipole 偶极子
dipole elastic relaxation 偶极子弹性弛豫dipole energy 偶极子能量
dipole force 偶极子力
dipole wave 偶极子波
direct control 直接控制
direct dynamic problem 动力学直接问题direct extrusion 正挤压
direct impact 正碰
direct kinematic problem 运动学直接问题direct load 直接荷载
direct method 直接法
direct motion 顺行
direct observation 直接观察
direct sense of motion 运动的直接指向direct shear test 直剪试验
direct stiffness method 直接刚度法
direct stress 法向应力
directed movement 单向运动
directing force 指向力
direction 方向
direction angle 方向角
direction cosine 方向余弦
direction of action 酌方向
direction of rotation 转动方向
direction of tension 牵引方向
direction of traction 牵引方向directional correlation 方向关联directional dependence 方向依赖性
directional stability 方向稳定性
directivity 方向性
dirichletneuman's problem 狄利克雷诺埃曼问题dirichlet problem 狄利克雷问题
dirichlet stability theorem 狄利克雷稳定性定理disassembly 拆卸
disc 圆盘
discharge 排出
discharge coefficient 量系数
discharge duration curve 量持续曲线discharge of water 排水量
discharge pressure 排放压力
discharge rate 瘤速率
discharge regulator 量第器
disconnection 切断
discontinuity 不连续性
discontinuity condition 不连续条件discontinuity interaction 不连续面相互酌discontinuity layer 不连续层
discontinuity potential 不连续势
discontinuity surface 间断面
discontinuity wave 间断波
discontinuous 不连续的
discontinuous flow 非连续怜
discontinuous motion 间断运动discontinuous spectrum 不连续频谱discontinuous system 不连续系统discrete 离散的
discrete element method 离散单元法discrete stochastic process 离散随机过程discriminant 判别式
discriminator 甄别器鉴相器disequilibrium 非平衡
disk 圆盘
disk damping 圆盘阻尼
dislocation 位错
disorder energy 无序化能量
disorder pressure 无序压
disorder scattering 无规散射disordered flow 无序流
disordered motion 无序运动disorientation 乱取向
dispersed phase 分散相
dispersed shock 分散冲击
dispersion 分散
dispersion coefficient 分散系数dispersion equation 分散方程dispersion force 弥散力
Legal English (revised version for the students) Ch.1 The Main Features of Legal English 一、法律英语的英译： David Mellinkoff（加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授）：《The Language of the Law》1963 1.legal English---Lawful English Legal parlance（说法、用语）/legal lingo（行话、隐语）/legal jargon（行话、黑话）/legalese( 法律八股文)/language of jurisprudence(法理语言) 2. the English Language of the Law or shortened as “the language of the law” 3. 法律英语与法学英语 二、法律英语的范围： 是否凡是涉及法律的英语（词汇、表达方法、句子结构……）都是法律英语？ 英美法学界所公认的法律英语主要是指普通法国家（common-law countries）的法律人所用的习惯语言（customary language），包括某些词汇、短语，或具有特色的一些表达方法(mode of expressions)。 三、法律英语的主要特点： I. precise or exact (准确) 正常情况下，起草法律文件时，用词造句务必十分精准（with great exactness），因为一旦笔者的思想、观点、企图落实成文字，即成为法庭判断是非的重要依据，因为按严格解释原则(principle of strict construction)或唯名论原则(principle of nominalism)，尽管实践中还存在推测意图原则(principle of presumed intent)，但其不占主导地位，书面文字仍然是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据。 实务中鉴于对法律文件中文字的理解不一，也是常有纠纷出现： e.g. The Charter required that directors “shall be elected on a vote of the stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of outstanding capital st ock of the corporation.” 甲方理解成：被选上董事的人需三分之二的股东投票赞成(a candidate to be elected needs the votes of two-thirds of the stockholders ) 乙方则认为：选董事时须有三分之二的股东出席(two-thirds of the stockholders must be present at the meeting at which the election is held) What’s the judge’s opinion? e.g. 一个阿肯色州的美国人临终前写了一个遗嘱，遗嘱写道： The remainder of the testator’s property should be “divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wife’s side and my niece.” 问题出在对“between”一词的理解上。立遗嘱人妻子一边的外甥和外甥女加在一起共有22个。这句话是指立遗嘱人的遗产的一半归其妻子方的22个外甥和外甥女，另一半归其本人一方的外甥女？还是指将遗产在双方的外甥外甥女中平均分配呢？ 为达准确之目的，常使用下列招法： 1. 使用专门术语（下文有述） 2. 重复使用具有绝对含义的词汇，如all , none, perpetuity, never, unavoidable; 3. 使用具有绝对限制含义的短语：
地理专业词汇英语翻译(A-B) a horizon 腐殖堆积层 aa lava 块熔岩 abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差 abiogenesis 自然发生 abiotic factor 非生物因素 ablation 水蚀 ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常 aboriginal 土着的 abrasion 海蚀 abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂 abrupt slope 陡坡 abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标 absolute age 绝对年龄 absolute age determination 绝对年代测定 absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄 absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差 absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学 absolute geopotential 绝对重力势absolute gravity 绝对重力absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute maximum 绝对极大absolute measure 绝对尺度absolute minimum 绝对极小absolute orientation 绝对定向absolute parallax 绝对视差 absolute precision 绝对精度 absolute representation 绝对值表 示法 absolute temperature 绝对温度 absolute value 绝对值 absolute zero 绝对零度 absorbed radiant flux 吸收辐射 absorbed radiation 吸收辐射 absorbent 吸收剂 absorbing capacity 吸收能力 absorbing complex 吸收性复合体 absorptance 吸收系数 absorption 吸收 absorption band 吸收带 absorption coefficient 吸收系数 absorption curve 吸收曲线 absorption factor 吸收因素 absorption filter 吸收滤光片 absorption of energy 能量吸收 absorption of light 光吸收 absorption spectrum 吸收光谱 absorption surface 吸收面 absorptive capacity 吸收本领 absorptivity 吸收能力 absorptivity emissivity ratio 吸收发 射比 abstract symbol 抽象符号 abundance of isotopes 同位素的 丰度 abundance of the elements 元素丰 度 abundance ratio of isotopes 同位 素的相对丰度 abundant rainfall 过量降雨 abyss 深渊 abyssal 深海的 abyssal basins 深海盆地 abyssal benthos 深海底栖生物 abyssal deposits 深海沉积物 abyssal facies 深海相 abyssal hill 深海丘陵 abyssal plain 深海平原 abyssal region 深海区 abyssal sediment 深海沉积物 abyssal zone 深海带 acariasis 螨病 acarinosis 螨病 acaustobiolite 非可燃性生物岩 accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀 accelerated weathering 加速风化 acceleration 加速度 acceptance 接收 acceptor 收体 acceptor atom 受体原子 acceptor bond 接体合 accessory element 伴随元素 accessory mineral 副次要 accessory species 次要种 accidental ejecta 外源喷出物 accidental error 偶然误差 accidental species 偶见种 acclimatization 气候驯化 acclivity 上行坡 accompaniment element 伴生元素 accordance of summit levels 峰顶 面等高性 accordant junction 协和汇流平齐 汇流交合汇流 accordant junction of streams 协合 流 accretion gley 淤积潜育层 accumulated temperature 积温 accumulation 堆积 accumulation curve 累积曲线 accumulation horizon 聚积层 accumulation mountains 堆积山地 accumulation of assimilation products 同化物累积 accumulation of humus 腐殖质蓄 积 accumulation of organic matter 有 机质堆积 accumulative coast 堆积海岸 accumulative relief 堆积地形 accuracy 准确度 accuracy of measurement 测定准 确度
专业应试题库 一，专业词汇翻译 A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标 Absolute temperature 绝对温度 Absolute zero 绝对零度 Acute angle锐角 Adiabatic process绝热过程 Adjacent邻近的 Amount of heat 热量 Amplitude振幅 Analytical expression解析式 Angular momentum角动量 Angular velocity角速度 Annihilate湮灭 Appreciable相当多的 Approximate solution近似解 Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的 Assume that 假设 At constant pressure定压 At rest静止的， Axial symmetry轴对称 Axis of rotation转轴 Be independent of 独立的， Be proportional to 与……成正比 Bend使弯曲的 Capacitor电容器 Center of mass质心 Centripetal force向心力 Cgs厘米-克-秒制（Centimeter-Gram-Second）Change in jumps 突变 Chaotic无序的 Charge by conduct 接触起电 Charge by induction 感应起电 Circulation motion圆周运动 Classical mechanics经典力学 Coefficient系数 Coherent相干性 Combustion engine内燃机 Comparison 参照物 Compensate 补偿，抵消 Conductor导体 Consecutive 连贯的
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDW ARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件 I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】 【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】 【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 【Discipline 专业】 【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】 【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
法律英语翻译：法律翻译常用词汇注释（A-Z） A Ab initio Ab initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。在法律英语中，ab initio 的使用频率较高，比较常见。如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。 Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 Acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立。刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn
物理专业词汇英语翻译 1/8 fluctuation 1/8 起伏 1/f noise 1/f 噪声 1/n expansion 1/n 展开 3k cosmic blackbody radiation 3k 宇宙黑体辐射 4 counter 4 计数器 a battery a 电池组 a posteriori probability 后验概率 a priori probability 先验概率 a15 structure a15 结构 abbe coefficient 阿贝数 abbe invariant 阿贝不变量 abbe number 阿贝数 abbe prism 阿贝棱镜 abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计abbe sine condition 阿贝正弦条件abel theorem 阿贝尔定理 abelian group 可换群 abelian integral 阿贝尔积分aberage life 平均寿命 aberration 象差 aberration constant 光行差常数aberration of light 光行差aberrational ellipse 光行差椭圆ablation 烧蚀 abm state abm 态 abnormal 反常的 abnormal cathode fall 反常阴极势 降 abnormal crystallization 异常晶化 abnormal dispersion 异常色散 abnormal glow 反常辉光放电 abnormal grain growth 反常晶粒生 长 abnormal liquid 反常液体 abnormal reflection 异常反射 abnormal series 反常系 abrasion 磨损 abrasion test 磨损试验 abrasives 研磨材料 abrikosov's structure of flux lines 阿布里科蓑磁通线结构 absence of gravity 失重 absolute 绝对的 absolute acceleration 绝对加速度 absolute angular momentum 绝对 角动量 3 absolute atomic weight 原子的绝对 重量 absolute black body 绝对黑体 absolute configuration 绝对组态 absolute counting 绝对计数 absolute electrometer 绝对静电计 absolute electrostatic system 绝对 静电制 absolute error 绝对误差 absolute geopotential 绝对位势 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 absolute index of refraction 绝对折 射率 absolute instability 绝对不稳定性 absolute magnitude 绝对星等 absolute measurement 绝对测量 absolute motion 绝对运动 absolute ohm 绝对欧姆 absolute orbit 绝对轨道 absolute permeability 绝对磁导率 absolute permittivity 绝对电容率 absolute pressure 绝对压力 absolute rest 绝对静止 absolute rest frame 绝对静止系 absolute rotation 绝对转动
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
A Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action 提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn 休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Admission admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 Adopt adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 Affect affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality
地理词汇英语翻译(P开头) pace and compass traverse map 目测地图paleovolcanology 古火山学 paleozoic era 古生代 paleozoology 古动物学 paleudalf 残存湿淋溶土 palimpsest relief 变余地形 palingenesis 再生酌 palladium 钯 palm grove 棕榈林 palsa 穹形泥炭丘 paludal forest 沼泽林 paludification 泥炭形成过程 palynology 孢粉学 pampa 南美大草原 pampero 帕姆佩罗冷风 pan 磐层 pan horizon 硬盘层 pancake ice 饼状冰 panchromatic emulsion 全色乳剂panclimax 泛演替顶极 pandermite 白硼钙石
pangaea 泛大陆 panicle 圆锥花序 panning 淘洗 panorama 全景图 panoramic aerial photography 全景航空摄影panoramic camera 全景摄影机 panoramic photography 全景摄影 panoramic radar 全景雷达 panplain 大泛滥平原;泛准平原 panplanation 泛夷平 pantellerite 碱烈 pantograph 缩放仪 pantropical distribution 泛热带分布 paper characteristics 纸质 paper chromatography 纸色谱法 paper distortion 纸张变形 parabola 抛物线 parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线parabolic dunes 新月形沙丘 parabraunerde 次生棕壤 paraclase 断层裂缝 paragenesis 共生