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研究生英语课后翻译练习参考答案

研究生英语课后翻译练习参考答案
研究生英语课后翻译练习参考答案

UNIT 1

A. 十八世纪以来,交通和道路条件有所改善,使得住在农村的人可以到附近的城镇去,进行多种娱乐活动。一些观赏型活动随着十九世纪的工业化进程兴盛起来。剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来,越来越多的人可以参与其中。铁路网逐步形成,公交公司也开始出现,于是,价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游初具雏形,并最终发展成英国现在的团队游和包价游。二十世纪,收音机、电影、电视相继问世,一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。在所有这些变革中,参与型、观赏型、家庭型娱乐活动不断融合。

B. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵而独特的形象,同高雅文化联系在一起,而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。大众流行文化的发展扩大了潜在观众群,使他们参与到更丰富的文化活动中。更多人有机会接触更为广义的艺术。流行音乐会、民间音乐、民族音乐以及青年文化消遣活动占据了年轻人很大一部分空闲时间,同时也促进了贸易和出口,并提升了英国的国内国际形象。这些活动可能是业余的,也可能是专业的,它们进一步促进了参与型、观赏型和家庭型娱乐活动的融合。

C. 随着大多数人享有越来越多的空闲以及有了更多的收入,假期以及去哪度假成为了英国人生活中很重要的一部分。许多人更愿意利用英国和欧洲大陆之间便利的海上和空中交通,自己安排假期。英国本身假期的形式就多种多样,既有传统的海边家庭旅馆“住宿加早餐”,也可以入住宾馆,在房车停车场过夜或利用帐篷野营等等。越来越多的家庭拥有汽车,进一步扩大了旅游的可能性。今天,超过五分之三的家庭拥有至少一辆车,百分之十六的家庭拥有两辆或更多汽车。

II. 英国人把排队叫做“queue up”,美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”,只有纽约人不同,他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说,这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。

排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。尽管对于城市里哪种队最难排似乎还没有一个一致的意见,但是人们在谈话中经常提到午饭时间在银行和邮局排队,年轻人则经常提到买电影票以及大学注册时排的长队。

不论排什么队,最基本的原则都是先来后到,亦即社会科学家所说的“公平分

配”原则。当然也可能有例外,如在高档饭店里,领班就会优先照顾他们偏爱的某些顾客。但一般来说这条规则还是管用的。

那么从理论上来说,每个人都应当同样关心把队排好,但实际上个人的关注程度会随其在队伍中的位置不同而有所变化。一般来说最强烈的抗议往往来自于那些直接受害者,也就是正好排在插队的人后面的那些人,而排在队伍后面的人就抱怨的相对少些,或者根本不抱怨,尽管前面插了一个人,他们的利益也同样遭受了损失。

UNIT 3

TASKS

当有人问你为什么应该雇佣你或者为什么不应该雇佣你时,要用事实数字来支持你的回答。当杰西和她的团队被问到为什么应该留下他们时,他们对自己的领导技能和领导素质泛泛而谈,但是没有一个人用具体成就作为例子来支持自己的回答。

在第六周,特洛伊和克瓦米一直对项目经理----即将被解雇的杰西-----给予积极的评价。但是,其他组员海蒂、杰西和奥玛罗莎不仅相互之间给予了非常负面的评价,而且争相推托自己的过错。虽然只有杰西被解雇了,但是在现实世界里,用杜林普的话说就是,所有的这三名女组员可能都会发现自己“和团队格格不入”。当然,谭米·李既说他人坏话,又在言谈之间表现出好像不够忠诚,最终加速导致其在第七周的公寓装修一集中被淘汰出局。

在现实世界里的面试/绩效评估中,给面试官/主管留下的个人印象可能是决定你就业前景的最重要因素。在面试时,这种个人印象常常在最初5分钟之内就建立起来了。虽然给面试官留下一个好的个人印象并不意味着必然得到工作,但是不好的个人印象几乎总是导致被拒。不讨人喜欢是谭米·李被解雇的主要原因之一,她没能给其他组员、当奴·杜林普及其顾问留下好的印象。而与此形成鲜明对比的是艾米·亨利,她给别人留下了好印象,从而把其他竞争对手远远甩在身后。看上去好像人人都非常喜欢她。

你比别人说的还要强大,直觉更加敏锐----没有任何一个上司,也没有任何一份工作能够让你失去自尊。而且你要记住:无论经济繁荣还是经济萧条,人才

总是珍贵的。打算辞职另谋高就,更待何时!今天看起来就是一个好日子。业界资深人士拉瑞·古德曼曾供职于精信广告和美国有线新闻网,他说:“如果你想换工作,就要深入探索一番。”“不要因为你长期从事某项工作就认为只有这种工作最有意思。即使广告支出增长缓慢,广告业仍然充满活力,机会多多。”请记住,你的技能和经验将伴你终生。

一旦被解雇或下岗,人们情绪往往变得很激动。你正在高兴地工作,但是人力资源部门却想让你走人,这时你就会因担心一旦失业就再也找不到工作而不知所措。忧心忡忡,怨天尤人,狐疑不定,心存内疚,无脸见人,急躁不安,这些都是这一时期常见的反应。要想克服这些情绪首先就要明白出现这些反应时很自然的事情(而且有些情绪会比其他的更为强烈)。只要你不放纵情感,你就一定能摆脱他们,回复活力。好好想想是哪一种情绪笼罩在你的心头,摆脱它的羁绊,勇往直前。

论领导艺术

何谓领导艺术?

其内涵难以定义,但拥有这种才能的人却不难辨别。

领导者不强迫别人与自己保持一致,而是引领别人与自己保持一致。领导者身先士卒,创造鼓励创新的环境,待人诚恳,处事公正,从而赢得别人的支持和奉献。

领导者对人要求很多,同时自己也付出很多。他们有雄心壮志----不仅是为了自己,也是为了和自己一起工作的人。领导者千方百计吸引人才,留住人才,培养人才,使他们各尽所能。

领导者明白,对同一问题出现两种意见时,并非必然有一种是错误的。他们认识到鲁莽草率就会导致肤浅片面。他们愿意接受新的观点,但对其后果也会深入研究。

成功的领导在感情和理智上都面向未来,而不沉溺于过去。他们渴望承担责任、改革并付诸行动。他们不满足于维持现状,而是希望能与时共进,开拓创新。领导艺术的精髓在于使人各尽所能、发挥所长,帮助别人充分发挥自己的潜能,激励大家为了公共利益而奋斗。领导者总能不负所望,做出正确决策。

一个优秀的领导者,一个卓有成效的领导者,必须尊重别人。因为要想得到别人的尊重,首先要自己尊重别人。领导者对单位各级人员都表示尊重,尊重他们的工作,重视他们的能力,关心他们的愿望,倾听他们的需求,他就会发现自己也会受到别人的尊重。这样,所有相关人员都会倍感激励,努力协作。

UNIT 4

TASKS

A. 高等教育的诸多问题,其根源在于资金匮乏。例如,发展中国家的生均投入远低于发达国家,然而找到新的资金来源并非易事。尽管投资的绝对数目较低,但是发展中国家的教育投入占总收入(低于发达国家)的比例已高于发达国家。其公共教育投入的增长速度不仅高于国民收入的增长速度,也高于政府总支出的增长速度。显而易见,高等教育对于公共预算的需求在增长,而私人机构和国际捐赠组织的作用没有得到充分发挥。因为高等教育的生均投入已远远高于其他层次教育的生均投入,所以从初等教育和中等教育里抽调资金给高等教育也是行不通的。

B. 教育在生活中所扮演的角色,应该是培养人们的自主意识,使其具有批判思维,不是被动地接受知识,而是能够对自己所学的内容提出质疑。教育应该给予学生了解世界并懂得如何运转所必需的技能和智慧,使学生得以在这个世界生存下去。然而,众所周知,美国教育体制培养出来的学生对整个世界以及其他文化简直是一无所知。看看其课程设置,问题便一目了然:对学术能力培养缺乏重视,受到高度关注的却是某些能够决定学生命运的考试。全国各类学校都充斥着含混不清的课程设置,就好像学生只要不断地通过考试,就能为在一个崭新的全球化世界中生活做好准备,而无论这个崭新的世界到底会是个什么样子。

II.

1. 学生做小买卖与他们在社会上推销自己在本质上是一回事,因为两者带给人们的启发是一样的:大学该怎么给学生指明市场发展趋势,帮助他们经营好自己的生意?而在此过程中,学校又如何让学生这一产品在市场上更畅销呢?毕竟,作为学校产品的大学生如果拿到市场上没有竞争力,大学是要关门的。

2. 儿童学习语言和文化,无须专门制订的教学计划,但是其学习积极性很高,因为他们若想得到自己想要的东西,语言是最为有效的手段。如果一个人在青春期以前就开始学习一门新的语言,日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到青春期之后才学,那么他说话的时候多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。不仅语言学习呈现这种模式,文化特征,比如握手、亲吻和拥抱,也是如此。尽管许多人认为语言存在于词典和语法书中,然而事实上语言仅存在于人们的头脑里。文化特征也是如此。在没有时间去考虑取舍而必须作出关键性的抉择时,如跳入洪水中救起溺水儿童,文化特征会清清楚楚地显示出一个人的价值体系。

UNIT8

美国菜肴烹饪的历史,可以追溯到殖民地时期开始之前,当时美洲土著已经采用各种各样的烹饪方法,所烹制的食物材料也丰富多彩。伴随着殖民进程,大量欧洲食材、烹饪手法和现代菜谱传到美洲,极大改变了当地烹饪风格。到了十九和二十世纪,随着世界各地大量移民的涌入,当地菜肴烹饪的风格进一步演变,造就了当今美国菜式的多样化和各地独特的地方特色。殖民者初到美洲,必须设法生存。他们最初尝试的几种做法,就包括种植自己熟悉的来自英国的庄稼。同样,他们还用自己熟悉的方法饲养动物,以提供衣料和肉类。历经艰辛劳作,并通过最终与英国、加勒比海和其他地区建立贸易关系,殖民者终于在美洲站稳脚跟,确立了与英国菜系类似的烹饪风格。

各个种族和地区的烹饪方法相互融合,形成各种全新的菜肴风格,这是美国餐饮的一大特色。例如,美国南部地区的烹饪风格就深受亚洲、法国、墨西哥等地移民的影响。亚洲国家的烹饪方法在美国菜肴多样化进程中起到了尤其重要的作用。同样,虽然有些美式菜肴的真正发源地可能是其他国家,美国的大厨们却已经在多年的实践中将菜式作了根本的改变,以致于现在世界各地的人们在享用这些美食时,都认为是典型的美国食物。热狗和汉堡都是德国移民带到美国的传统德国食品,但经改良成现今流行的样式以后,人们完全有理由认为这些是美式食品,甚至是“彻头彻尾的”美国货。后期移民到美国的其他族群,和早期殖民者或美洲当地土著不同,也不属于拉丁美洲移民、非洲黑奴或克里奥耳人等的移民进程,在人口数量上也许也少于其他移民族群,与所谓“跨越大西洋的移民大

潮"中的来自本族群的移民人口相比,数量上也居弱势,和十九世纪大量移民到美国的其他族群更不可同日而语。这些移民来美国的时间虽然不长,但对于全国或各地烹饪风格的影响却似乎一点也不小。许多其他族群移民给美国菜肴烹饪带来更多全新体验,其中有些菜肴风格无论在影响力还是商业推广方面都要比其他菜式更加成功。

A. To the Chinese, eating is a kind of culture in itself. Chinese cuisine is as long in origin and rich in content as Chinese culture. There are marked differences in climate, geography and customs in the different regions of China, and food is no exception. Chinese cuisine falls into four major categories, Shangdong cuisine along the Y ellow River valley, Sichuan cuisine along the upper reaches of the Y angtze River, Jiangsu-Zhejiang cuisine along the middle and lower reaches of the Y angtze River and China’s south-east coast, and Guangdong cuisine along the Pearl River valley and China’s south coast.

B. Beijing cuisine has a great deal of variety and emphasizes fine slicing techniques, rich aroma and sophisticated combination and seasonings. Great attention is paid to the exact degree of heat while cooking so that color, taste, smell and appearance of the dish are all at their best. Sichuan cuisine is world-famous for its hot, spicy dishes. The climate in Sichuan is very humid most of the year, and the Sichuanese like to keep the damp out by eating heavily spiced food. Hot chili, pepper and ginger are the ever-present ingredients.

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明,使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋,但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人,并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来,他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束,但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习,纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中,鲍伯的老师,被称为证人,说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议,我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静,但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好,研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析: Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析:

研究生英语一课后翻译答案

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