中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试
英语试卷
本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Autumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound. The following are four European adventures to walk your way through autumn.
The unknown Cilento
South of Italy’s Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland. Af ter stopping to view the marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestum, Sherpa’s next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park —first following its rugged seashore past the occasional myrtle grove (小树林), and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns. Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside. Four nights ￡630 half board, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 31.
Turkish delights
Follow an impressive section of Turkey’s expansive Lycian Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastline. You’ll begin in pine-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boasting upscale hotel and one of the Yanartas region’s ever-burning flames —possibly fueled by a monster below. A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse. Six nights ￡790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure in early November.
Carpathian clambers
Poland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries. Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, lower-altitude options, and you’ll likely meet the Gorals —a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”. Most memor able activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica. Seven nights ￡630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 24.
Flowers and feta
Greece’s Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids. Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through olive groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea. Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread. Seven nights ￡535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 23.
1．What can you do when you are in the unknown Cilento?
A．Swim in a pool. B．Have a spa.
C．Explore medieval towns. D．Walk through olive groves.
2．Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?
A．Turkey. B．Cilento. C．Greece. D．Krakow.
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．It is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.
B．Meals are free when you are taking the first adventure.
C．You can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.
D．Bean soup can be served in the pub of Greece’s Pelion Peninsula.
B
Lou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very mora l man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young. As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work. However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995.
Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.
After his speech, the crowd stood and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field”. Gehrig died tw o years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exh ibits Gehrig’s integrity and character.
4．When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?
A．in 1903. B．in 1923. C．in 1939. D．in 1940.
5．Who are the audience for Lou’s speech?
A．His family. B．His friends. C．His opponents. D．His supporters.
6．Why is the illness k nown as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”?
A．Lou Gehrig named the disease.
B．This disease is related to playing baseball.
C．People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig.
D．The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.
7. What word can best describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?
A．Determined and persistent. B．Emotional and patient.
C．Wealthy and humorous. D．Gentle and generous.
C
We know that the pandemic(流行病)has had a far-reaching impact on our minds — so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental health professionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffected. Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another.” He added, “On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending time with, meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety about socializing in any form. Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly. Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”
Dr Daria J. Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: “Following the lockdown, people in this country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry. They may not be comfortable being expected to be ‘social’ again, especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wrong questions as they are reintegrating into their offline social lives.” Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also have a negative impact on people with social anxiety. She says “For some people with social anxiety, communication by media can be even harder than communication in person. We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which we
communicate and that we rely on body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behind words to convey our thoughts and feelings.”
When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr. Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social enviro nments. Friends and family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly. Engaging in focused breathing and relaxation may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort. Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I don’t know what to say”) may be repla ced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”).”
8．Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?
A．There is no one disturbing their life.
B．There is no need for them to socialize.
C．They have increased their self-confidence.
D．People can no longer communicate with each other.
9．What does the underlined word mean in the third paragraph?
A．Stimulate. B．Relieve. C．Begin. D．Develop.
10．What can be the good advice for those with social anxiety during the lockdown?
A．Stay at home alone. B．Communicate online.
C．Open heart to strangers. D．Take a positive attitude.
11．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Stay with safe people can bring more confidence.
B．Lockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiety.
C．For people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.
D．It is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.
D
Most of the 500 whales stranded (搁浅)off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australia’s largest ever mass stranding. The estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that number dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group. Officials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 whales found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have died overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Mr Deka, Wildlife Service manager explained. He added,“We’ll continue to work to free as many of the animals as we can. We’ll continue working as long as there are live animals.”
It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the first group had died by Monday evening.
Australia’s largest mass stranding had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dunsborough in 1996. This week’s incident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009. Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.
Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, inc luding navigational errors. She explained, “They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and that’s why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or they’re just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases don’t know where they are.” she added.
12．What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．270 whales were rescued on Monday.
B．380 whales were found dead on Tuesday.
C．500 whales were found stranded and dead.
D．200 whales spotted from a helicopter were dead.
13．Why did Kris Carlyon say this event is the biggest in Australia?
A．Rescue work is not done in time.
B．The number of the death is large.
C．The cause of the event is still a mystery.
D．There was no other similar event in recent years.
14．Which of the following is Not the cause of the stranding of the whales?
A．Navigational errors.
B．Overhunting of the human beings.
C．Whales’ group living style.
D．Whales’ confusion and exhaustion.
15．Where does this passage possibly come from?
A．A newspaper. B．A magazine. C．A textbook. D．A travel brochure.
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Going on holiday doesn’t have to be bad for the environment, and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without harming the environment.
Forget Planes
While most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel. ____16____ There’s so much to see and do in the UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities. There’s the unparalleled beauty of the Cornish coast and the Peak and Lake District. Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle, try boating on the Norfolk Broads or ride the ‘Hogwarts Express’ across Scotland. Or try taking the train over to Europe —within six hours of London are Amsterdam’s famous art galleries. Alternatively, take the car to Cannes in just over half a day or the ferry to Scandinavia for holidays you’d normally only dream of.
____17____
Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gasses —think about the water that’s wasted, all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten. So choose an eco-friendly option instead. Camping or a home stay —where you live with a family in their own home —are two of the best options.
____18____ some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials,which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle. Some also have planting programs to attract wildlife.
Pack with care
The less you take, the lighter your carbon footprint because the heavier your luggage is, the more fuel it takes to carry. So pack light and pack responsibly. ____19____ All of their bottles, from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizers, are now made from recycled plastic that can be re-purposed again and again so no new plastic is produced. And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.
Buy gifts responsibly
Bringing back gifts for friends and loved ones is part of the fun of a holiday. ____20____ Avoid anything plastic, or if it is plastic make sure it is 100% recyclable, and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isn’t just thrown in the bin headed for landfill. Try to buy presents made by local craftsmen that will benefit the community and help their economy. And don’t bring back anything made from shells,coral or animal products, because you don’t know if they’re from sustainable sources.
A．Consider living in an eco-friendly hotel
B．Think about eco-friendly accommodation
C．But if you insist on staying in the hotel,
D．But make sure you choose items carefully.
E．So why not skip flying in favor of a holiday closer to home?
F．Rather than lie on a beach, why not help our precious planet when you’re away?
G．Take environmentally-friendly beauty and bathing products with you, such as Dove’s range.
第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55 分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When my children were teenagers, I ____21____ a fridge magnet with what was said to be a First Nation or Native American prayer. I ____22____ it on the door of our refrigerator in full view. I found the words to be thought ____23____ and hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more ____24____ of others.
Although my children are ____25____ now, with homes of their own, I’ve kept the magnet on our____26____ door for the past twenty-five years. During that time, I’ve often found that the ____27____ has helped me see situations from a different perspective.
For example, a number of years ago, I was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues. As we were leaving the office, we ____28____ our other colleague, Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner,____29____ our invitation. One of my other colleagues was quite ____30____ and clearly angry over Wendy’s behavior. “I don’t know why you even bothered to ____31____ her,” she said. ____32____on how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us, I commented that perhaps we should just give Wendy a____33____ and forgive her for being rude at the last minute. She was ____34____ having a bad day, and it wasn’t worth holding a grudge (怨恨) against her if we weren’t aware of what ____35____her unusual behavior.
A week later, I learned that when we came across Wendy, she was returning to the office from a medical appointment ____36____ she was tol d she had pancreatic cancer. She died a year later. Wendy wasn’t being rude to us; she had just received a very ____37____ diagnosis.
Whether it’s a family member who let me down, a friend who ____38____ a confidence, or a difficult colleague, the quote on my fridge ____39____ me. Although it’s not always easy to forgive, I’ve been able to
____40____ a lot of grudge over the years by focusing on my mantra.
21．A．missed B．lost C．purchased D．sold
22．A．spotted B．carried C．dropped D．placed
23．A．meaningful B．interesting C．familiar D．unexpected
24．A．aware B．forgiving C．ashamed D．confident
25．A．workers B．parents C．seniors D．adults
26．A．kitchen B．fridge C．bedroom D．bathroom
27．A．dream B．message C．target D．relief
28．A．bumped into B．saw off C．knocked down D．dealt with
29．A．demanding B．accepting C．declining D．delaying
30．A．curious B．amazed C．anxious D．annoyed
31．A．convince B．promise C．ignore D．invite
32．A．Reflecting B．Counting C．Looking D．Concentrating
33．A．break B．party C．dance D．lesson
34．A．suddenly B．obviously C．passively D．naturally
35．A．discovered B．avoided C．caused D．created
36．A．where B．that C．which D．what
37．A．confusing B．shocking C．unusual D．casual
38．A．built B．lost C．betrayed D．possessed
39．A．doubted B．evaluated C．guided D．ordered
40．A．take down B．break through C．come about D．get rid of
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Double Ninth Festival ____41____ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is also known ____42____ the Senior Citizens’ Festival. The festival ____43____ (base) on the theory of Yin and Yang, the two opposing principles in nature. The ancients believed that all natural ____44____ (phenomenon)could be explained by this theory. Numbers are related to this theory. Even numbers belong to Yin and odd numbers to Yang. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a day ____45____ the two Yang numbers meet.So it is called Chongyang.
____46____ (appreciate) chrysanthemum (菊花) and drinking chrysanthemum wine have always been a tradition during the Double Ninth Festival. Chrysanthemums are regarded as a kind of flower ____47____(have) the function of an antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away.
As nine is pronounced “jiu” meaning long in Chinese, so people use the word jiu ____48____(express)the meaning of longevity with a person’s life. In the year of 1989, t he Double Ninth Festival was designated as Senior’s Day —a day to respect the elderly. Members of a family also ____49____ (company) their elders to have a ____50____ (relax) day in a natural setting while wishing health and happiness upon them.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Of all the people I have encountered in my life, a person I admire most is my English teacher. Working for our class teacher, she has to work around the clock to take good care of us as well as giving lectures and grade homework. She always walks towards the bus stop, carrying a bag full of notebook or a big folder with assessment reports she makes the night before. She is the one whom we spend major part of our day and she is the one who constant encourages us to break barriers and to be extraordinary. We owe all of our success to him. I will not forget her instructions but I would like to express to my deepest gratitude to her.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
你注意到同学们浪费食物的现象比较严重。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，呼吁同学们珍惜粮食，杜绝浪费。内容包括：
1．浪费食物的现象;
2．杜绝浪费的原因;
3．你的呼吁。
注意:
1．词数100 左右;
2．题目已为你写好。
Don’ t waste food!
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中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2017年12月测试 语文试卷 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 康德认为，认识含有感性、知性和理性三个要素。感性是接受印象的能力，知性是规则的能力，理性是原理的能力，它们一起构成人类认识的完整结构。康德的这一划分，揭示了认识的基本层次，确立了理性的至高地位。西方的哲学思维方式本质上是理性主义，而中国传统哲学的思维方式却与其迥然而异：它无疑也含有理性主义的因素，但并不归结为理性主义；它较注重悟性、直觉和体验，但又不归结为非理性主义和直觉主义。它在本质上更具有“悟性”的色彩，是“悟性主义”。 儒家的“格物致知”，通俗地说，就是用既有的思维尺度、框架去衡量、测度对象。只是这种把握绝非理性主义，它更具有“豁然贯通”的悟性特色。“季文子三思而后行。子闻之曰：再，斯可矣。”由此可见，在孔子看来，如若过多地理性思考，结果可能适得其反，往往反致迷惑。老子的“玄览”，概括了道家的根本思维方式。“心居玄冥之处，览知万物”，从最超验的层次对事物的一种整体性的观照和透察。超验即要排除一切感性经验、语言概念和欲望，保持内心的清静和安宁。只有如此，才能做到“常无欲，以观其妙”。 中国佛教特别是禅宗是中印文化融合的产物，又吸收了儒家特别是道家的要素，凝聚了中国乃至东方悟性思维的精华。在佛家看来，“开悟”是修行之目的，而“菩提”为所悟之智，“涅”为所悟之理，佛及阿罗汉则为所开悟者。佛教义理对“悟”或“了悟”有甚为精密、详尽的研究和解说。依所悟之程度，将悟分为“小悟”和“大悟”；依所悟之迟速，将悟分为“渐悟”和“顿悟”；依所悟之途径，将悟分为“解悟”和“证悟”（由理解真理而知者为解悟，由实践修行而体得真理者为证悟）；依所悟之主体，将悟分为“悟自”和“悟他”，更为重要的是，佛教在长期的历史发展过程中，创造和积累了一整套系统而完备的了悟的方法，堪称无数佛教大师和佛教徒通过世代刻苦修行实践所取得的丰富的悟性体验的结晶。这种悟性主义的思维方式和思维特质尤其在中国禅宗中得到典型的充分的呈示。 中国传统哲学的悟性主义思维方式在儒家、道家和中国佛教特别是禅宗的悟性理论中体现得最为集中和鲜明。总体上说，以儒道释特别是中国禅宗为代表的中国传统哲学的悟性思维方式，完全超出了康德所划定的“感性、知性、悟性”的认识框架，超出了康德将理性视为认识的最高形式的观点，从而也超出了西方意义上的“哲学”范畴本身。因此，感性、理性、悟性应是人类认识所固有的要素，它们都不可缺少。 （摘编自侯才《论悟性一—对中国传统哲学思维方式和特质的一种审视》） 1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A.康德建构的人类认识模式基于西方文化和哲学立场，而容纳不了中国传统哲学的思维方式。 B.儒家的“格物致知”和道家的“玄览”是悟性主义思维方式，它反对理性主义，倡导超验性观察思考。 C.悟性思维方式在禅宗和佛教中有很多体现，为了开悟，需要“菩提”的智慧，方能悟到“涅”的真理。 D.中国禅宗的悟性理论超出了康德的认识框架，进而也超出了西方康德所代表的“哲学”含义本身。 2.下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分） A.文章从中西哲学视角审视东方悟性主义和西方理性主义，阐述了中国传统哲学的悟性思维。
2016年清华大学领军计划测试 物理学科 注意事项： 1.2016清华领军计划测试为机考，全卷共100分，考试时间与数学累积180分钟； 2.考题全部为不定项选择题，本试卷为回忆版本，故有些问题改编为填空题； 3.2016清华领军计划测试，物理共35题，本回忆版本共26题，供参考。 【1】友谊的小船说翻就翻，假如你不会游泳，就会随着小船一起沉入水底。从理论上来说，你和小船沉入水底后的水面相比于原来（） A.一定上升 B.一定下降 C.一定相等 D.条件不足，无法判断 【2】在光滑地面上，物块与弹簧相连作简谐运动，小车向右作匀速直线运动，则对于弹簧和物块组成的系统（填守恒或者不守恒），当以地面为参考系时，动量________，机械能________；当以小车为参考系时，动量________，机械能________。 【3】如图所示，光滑导轨上垂直放置两根质量为m、且有电阻的金属棒，导轨宽处与窄轨间距比为2：1，平面内有垂直纸面向内的磁场。现给左边的杆 v，在系统稳定时，左杆仍在宽轨上右杆仍在窄轨上运动。则这个过一个初速度 程产生热量Q=________。 v 【4】空间内有一水平向右的电场E，现有一带电量为q的小球以初速度为 向右上抛出，已知E=，求小球落地点距离抛出点的最远距离。 【5】现有一轻质绳拉动小球在水平面内做句速圆周运动，如图所示，小球质量为m，速度为v，重力加速度为g，轻绳与竖直方向夹角为θ，求小球在运动半周时，绳对小球施加的冲量。 【6】如图所示，有a、b两个物体，a物体沿长L、倾角为θ、动摩擦因数μ=的斜面滑下后，在长为L的光滑水平面BC上运动；b从C点上方高为 0.5 4.5L处下落。二者同时释放，在C处相遇，则sinθ=________。 【7】在水平面内，金属棒MN一角速度ω绕O点顺时针旋转，空间内有竖 >，则下列说法正确的是（） 直向下的磁场，如图所示。已知MO NO
清华大学2017年11月高三中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试语文试题 一、现代文阅读（35 分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共 3 小题，9 分） 阅读下面的文字，完成 1-3 题。 炎黄文化是根祖文化。一方面，从文明起源上讲，炎黄是人文始祖，炎黄文化是中华文明的龙头文化；另一方面，从中华民族起源上讲，今日以汉族为主体包括 56 个民族在内的中华民族乃是历史上以炎黄族为核心，经华夏族和汉族不同阶段的民族融合而形成的，炎黄族是早期华夏民族之核心，是中华民族之根。这也是炎黄作为“人文始祖”在中华民族形成进程意义上的解释。因此，炎黄文化成为中华文明和中华民族的纽带和精神维系。 20 世纪 20 年代以来，我国学术界对于古史传说曾有“信古”“疑古”“释古”三种态度和做法。具体说到炎帝、黄帝，信古者当然是把他们作为真实人物来对待；而疑古者则把他们作为神来对待。殊不知，远古时代的人名、族名、图腾名、宗神名是可以同一的。以黄帝为例，黄帝号称轩辕氏，又号称有熊氏。据研究，轩辕氏可以追溯到商代和周代青铜器铭文中的“天鼋”（“天”字下面画有“鼋”,即青蛙）族徽铭文，还可以追溯到距今 7000年至 5000 年前的仰韶文化和马家窑文化彩陶中画有青蛙的彩陶纹样；有熊氏可以追溯到商代和周代青铜器铭文中“天兽”（“天”字下面画有“兽”）族徽铭文。这样，我们就会发现作为古史传说人名的轩辕氏、有熊氏是与天鼋和熊、羆、貔、貅、豹、虎等图腾一致的。此外，在商周青铜器铭文中，还有以“天”为族徽铭文，其渊源也是来自以“天”为图腾。由于人名、族名、图腾名、宗神名可以同一的缘故，所以黄帝、炎帝等名号是一个沿袭性的名号。也就是说，作为一个个人只能生存几十年或百余年，但是作为族团却可以存在几百年或几千年，它的名号是沿袭性的。 炎帝、黄帝等名号既是人名、族名、图腾名、宗神名的同一，也是民族融合的结果。黄帝号称轩辕氏，又号称有熊氏，已经说明他不是一个人，也不是一个氏族。《国语·晋语》说：“凡黄帝之子二十五宗，其得姓者十四人，为十二姓：姬、酉、祁、己、滕、箴、任、荀、僖、姞、儇、依是也。”我们知道，上古每一姓就是一个血缘姓族，黄帝族有十二姓，则说明黄帝族至少是由十二个姓族融合而成的一个庞大的部族集团，它们的共同点是都尊崇“天”，天为其宗神乃至成为至上神，所以我认为以黄帝为宗神即以天为宗神的部族集团的出现是民族融合的结果。 炎帝的情形也是这样。炎帝为姜姓，又号称“烈山氏”“历山氏”“连山氏”“魁隗氏”等。炎帝族崇拜火，崇拜羊，崇拜蛇龙，也崇拜山岳。如《左传》昭公十七年郯子说：“炎帝氏以火纪，故为火师而火名。”再如炎帝族后裔共工氏，《左传》昭公二十九年说：“共工氏有子曰句龙，为后土。” 《山海经·大荒北经》也说：“共工之臣名曰相繇，九首蛇身，自环，食于九土。”反映出炎帝后裔共工氏崇拜龙、以蛇龙（即无爪之龙）为图腾的情形。《左传》中还有姜姓炎帝族（姜炎）崇拜山岳、以山岳为图腾的记载，如《左传》庄公二十二年曰：“姜，大岳之后也。山岳则配天。”所有这些都说明炎帝族的崇拜和图腾也是多元的。而从炎帝族的分布上看，既有活动在北方的炎帝族，也有活动在南方的炎帝族。所以，我主张炎帝族也是民族融合的结果。 基于上述认识，我们今天无论是对炎帝和黄帝的祭拜，抑或是对于历代有关炎黄文化文献的梳理，还是对炎黄文化的义理与价值的阐释，以及面向海内外的传播，都应该站在中华民族和中华文化的“人文始祖”的立场上，站在炎黄文化是中华文明史的龙头文化的立场上。
中学生标准学术能力测试（3） 文综历史分卷 24.商朝王室设置“多贾”一职,为王室购买奇珍物品,管理王室商业,并允许多贾参与祭祀祖先的仪式;唐宋 时期,设置市舶司,管理海上对外贸易。材料反映了中国古代 A.重视对商业的管理 B.工商皆本思想发展 C.商人地位不断提高 D.海外贸易空前发达 25.春秋时期,诸侯贬斥狄戎为豺狼禽兽的记载不绝于书;战国时期,时人认为夷夏之间并无高下优劣之分,“居楚则楚,居夏则夏,积靡使然也”。对夷狄态度的变化反映出 A.诸侯争霸、王室衰微 B.一脉相承的文化风尚 C.各地区往来日益频繁 D.官僚政治是大势所趋 26.据《宋史》记载,北宋有7位武将曾担任过地方知州:
由此可知这一时期的宋代 A.武将担任地方知州较为普遍 B.武将在吏治中发挥重要作用 C.统治者改变重文轻武的政策 D.地方百姓更加拥戴武将知州 27.曾国藩认为儒学的学问分为四个方面:“有义理之学,有词章之学,有经济之学,有考据之学”,四者缺一不可,既强调义理为儒学之本,又使经济之学为义理所统辖。曾国藩此举的主要目的是 A.为中体西用寻找理论依据 B.缓和与顽固派的既有矛盾 C.宣传西学,挽救民族危机 D.开始以全新眼光审视世界 28.1923年,国内出现了“科学与人生观”的争论。梁启超提出,要反思一战,认为科学不能解决人生观问题,反对“科学万能论”;有人坚持科学是人生观的基础与核心;陈独秀则立场鲜明地主张用马克思主义解决人生观问题。这场论争 A.民主科学成为新文化运动的核心内容 B.是马克思主义在中国广泛传播的开端 C.使国人认识到了欧洲资本主义制度的弊端 D.体现出国人积极思考中国文化的发展方向 29.图6为1941年中美两国政府印发的一幅宣传画,以下理解合理的是
2017清华大学4.29标准学术能力测试题 1、129a a a ,, ,是数字1到9的一个排列，则123456789a a a a a a a a a ++的最小值为（ ） A ．213 B ．214 C ．215 D ．216 【答案】B 分析：12 9,9!a a a =三元均值10?? ?离散的数靠近之值 【解析】设123456789=a a a a a a a a a M ++则由三元均值339!370M a ≥=≈? 3 9!6!78972078949007070=???=???≈?≈ 由题可知981752643727072214 ??+??+??=++= 另一方面由均值213M >=>= 由此，M 的最小值为214. 2、设( ) 1008 2 2201601220161 x x a a x a x a x -+=++++，则0122016 232017a a a a +++ +的值是（ ） A ．1008 B ．1009 C ．2016 D ．2017 【答案】B 分析：12?? ?看系数赋值 【解析】解法1：两边同乘x ，有() 1008 2220170120161x x x a x a x a x -+=+++ 两边求导，得()()1007 220160 12016100812122017x x x x a a x a x -+-=+++ 令1x =，得012016220171009a a a ++ += 解法2：令1x =，可得0120161a a a ++ += 对题中等式，两边求导，得20152112016220161008(1)a a x a x x x +++=-+ 令1x =，得112016220161008a a a +++= 因此所求值为1009。
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2017年11月测试 数学理科试卷 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中，有且只有一项符合题目要求. 1.已知集合(){}2|ln 32M x y x x ==+-，集合{}2 |4x N y y -==，则图中阴影部分表示的集合为 A. (][)1,03,-+∞U B. [)0,3 C. ()0,3 D. (]()1,03,-+∞U 2.已知命题p ：若8k <，则方程22 1358 x y k k +=--表示焦点在x 轴上的 双曲线；命题q ：在ABC ?中，若sin sin A B <，则A B <，则下列命题为真命题的是 A. q ? B.()()p q ?∧? C. p q ∧ D.()p q ∧? 3.魏晋时期数学家刘徽首创割圆术，他在九章算术方田章圆填术中指出：“割之弥细，所失弥少。割之又割，以至于不能割，则与圆周合体而无所失矣。”这是一种无限与有限的转化过程，比如在正数121211++L 中的“…”代表无限次重复，设121211x =++L ，则可利用方程121x x =+求得x ，555=L A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9 4.如图，在矩形OABC 中的曲线分别是 ()sin ,cos ,,0,0,12y x y x A C π??== ??? ，在矩形OABC 内随机取 一点，则此点取自阴影部分的概率为 A. )431π B. )421π C. ()4 31π D. )421π
5.下面的程序框图的算法思路来源于我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中的“更相减损术”。若输入,a b 的分别为98和63，执行该程序框图后，输出a 的值 6.某几何体的三视图如右图所示，则该几何体的最长棱为 A. 19 B. 22 C.5 D. 7112n n n a a -+??????的7.数列{}n a 中，11a =且()112 2n n n a a n ---=≥，则数列前n 项和为 A. 1121n -- B. 11121 n +-- C. 11122n ??- ??? D.1111221n +??- ?-?? 8.已知双曲线()22 21054 x y a a -=>的左、右顶点分别为12,A A ，虚轴的两个端点分别为12,B B ，若四边形1122A B A B 的内切圆的面积为18π，则双曲线的离心率为 A. 2 3 C.2 D. 59.已知函数()313sin 6f x x x =+在0x =处的切线与直线60nx y --=平行，则12n x x ??+- ? ??? 的展开式中的常数项为 A. -20 B. 20 C. -15 D. 15
2017清华大学标准学术能力测试题 1、129a a a ,,,L 是数字1到9的一个排列，则123456789a a a a a a a a a ++的最小值为（ ） A ．213 B ．214 C ．215 D ．216 【答案】B 分析：129,9!a a a =L 三元均值10?? ?离散的数靠近之值 【解析】设123456789=a a a a a a a a a M ++ 则由三元均值 370M ≥=≈? 3 9!6!78972078949007070=???=???≈?≈ 由题可知981752643727072214 ??+??+??=++= 另一方面由均值213M >=>= 由此，M 的最小值为214. 2、设( ) 1008 2 2201601220161 x x a a x a x a x -+=++++L ，则0122016 232017a a a a ++++L 的值是（ ） A ．1008 B ．1009 C ．2016 D ．2017 【答案】B 分析：12?? ?看系数赋值 【解析】解法1：两边同乘x ，有() 1008 2220170120161x x x a x a x a x -+=+++L 两边求导，得()()1007 22016 012016 10081 2122017x x x x a a x a x -+-=+++L 令1x =，得012016220171009a a a +++=L 解法2：令1x =，可得0120161a a a +++=L 对题中等式，两边求导，得2015 2112016220161008(1)a a x a x x x +++=-+L 令1x =，得112016220161008a a a +++=L 因此所求值为1009。
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年5月测试 理科综合试卷(一卷) 本试卷共300分，考试时间150分钟。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 O 16 C 12 N 14 Fe 56 Cr 52 S 32 I 127 Ba 137 一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合 题目要求的。 1.2019年诺贝尔生理医学奖授予了揭示“细胞如何感知和适应氧气”机理的三位科学家。他们研究 发现肾脏中有专门的细胞可以感受氧气水平的变化，当氧气供应不充足时，低氧诱导因子(HIF-1α) 不被降解，细胞内积累的HIF-1α可促进促红细胞生成素(EPO)的合成；氧气供应充足时，HIF-1α合成后很快被降解，具体调节途径如下图所示。请据图分析下列说法错误的是 A.低氧时，HIF-1α进入细胞核联合ARNT与EPO基因调控序列结合，增强EPO基因的表达， 使细胞合成更多的EPO B.若将细胞中的脯氨酸酰羟化酶基因敲除，EPO基因的表达水平会下降，细胞合成的EPO量减 少 C.正常条件下，人体细胞内HIF-1α的含量较低，在医学上可尝试通过提高HIF-1α的含量来治疗 人类的贫血症 D.高原反应时，EPO 会刺激骨髓中的造血干细胞，使其增殖分化生成大量红细胞，提高氧气的 运输能力，该调节方式属于激素调节 2.双脱氧核苷三磷酸(ddNTP)属于非天然核苷酸，是桑格-库森法测定DNA 序列的底物。ddNTP 与脱氧核苷三磷酸(dNTP)的结构如下图所示，根据所学知识判断下列选项错误的是 A.若X表示OH，该结构代表的物质dNTP可作为体内DNA分子复制的原料 B.若将ddNTP加到正在复制的DNA反应体系中，ddNTP结合到子链后，子链的延伸会立即终 止 C.ddNTP、dNTP以及磷脂分子的元素组成都为C、H、O、N、P D.若X表示OH，碱基为A时，该物质可为细胞的各项生命活动直接提供能量 3.细胞自噬有助于人类更好地了解细胞如何实现自身的循环利用，帮助细胞适应饥饿和应对感染等 不良环境。下图表示细胞自噬作用的机理，请分析下列选项错误的是
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试测试语文试题附答案 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2017年12月测试 语文试卷 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 康德认为，认识含有感性、知性和理性三个要素。感性是接受印象的能力，知性是规则的能力，理性是原理的能力，它们一起构成人类认识的完整结构。康德的这一划分，揭示了认识的基本层次，确立了理性的至高地位。西方的哲学思维方式本质上是理性主义，而中国传统哲学的思维方式却与其迥然而异：它无疑也含有理性主义的因素，但并不归结为理性主义；它较注重悟性、直觉和体验，但又不归结为非理性主义和直觉主义。它在本质上更具有“悟性”的色彩，是“悟性主义”。 儒家的“格物致知”，通俗地说，就是用既有的思维尺度、框架去衡量、测度对象。只是这种把握绝非理性主义，它更具有“豁然贯通”的悟性特色。“季文子三思而后行。子闻之曰：再，斯可矣。”由此可见，在孔子看来，如若过多地理性思考，结果可能适得其反，往往反致迷惑。老子的“玄览”，概括了道家的根本思维方式。“心居玄冥之处，览知万物”，从最超验的层次对事物的一种整体性的观照和透察。超验即要排除一切感性经验、语言概念和欲望，保持内心的清静和安宁。只有如此，才能做到“常无欲，以观其妙”。 中国佛教特别是禅宗是中印文化融合的产物，又吸收了儒家特别是道家的要素，凝聚了中国乃至东方悟性思维的精华。在佛家看来，“开悟”是修行之目的，而“菩提”为所悟之智，“涅”为所悟之理，佛及阿罗汉则为所开悟者。佛教义理对“悟”或“了悟”有甚为精密、详尽的研究和解说。依所悟之程度，将悟分为“小悟”和“大悟”；依所悟之迟速，将悟分为“渐悟”和“顿悟”；依所悟之途径，将悟分为“解悟”和“证悟”（由理解真理而知者为解悟，由实践修行而体得真理者为证悟）；依所悟之主体，将悟分为“悟自”和“悟他”，更为重要的是，佛教在长期的历史发展过程中，创造和积累了一整套系统而完备的了悟的方法，堪称无数佛教大师和佛教徒通过世代刻苦修行实践所取得的丰富的悟性体验的结晶。这种悟性主义的思维方式和思维特质尤其在中国禅宗中得到典型的充分的呈示。 中国传统哲学的悟性主义思维方式在儒家、道家和中国佛教特别是禅宗的悟性理论中体现得最为集中和鲜明。总体上说，以儒道释特别是中国禅宗为代表的中国传统哲学的悟性思维方式，完全超出了康德所划定的“感性、知性、悟性”的认识框架，超出了康德将理性视为认识的最高形式的观点，从而也超出了西方意义上的“哲学”范畴本身。因此，感性、理性、悟性应是人类认识所固有的要素，它们都不可缺少。 （摘编自侯才《论悟性一—对中国传统哲学思维方式和特质的一种审视》） 1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A.康德建构的人类认识模式基于西方文化和哲学立场，而容纳不了中国传统哲学的思维方式。 B.儒家的“格物致知”和道家的“玄览”是悟性主义思维方式，它反对理性主义，倡导超验性观察思考。 C.悟性思维方式在禅宗和佛教中有很多体现，为了开悟，需要“菩提”的智慧，方能悟到“涅”的真理。
数学理科试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。 一、选择题：本题共.12小题，每小题5分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.已知集合A={33＜811| 1≤∈-x Z x }，B=={0＜3 2|-+∈x x N x }，则集合 {B y A x xy z z ∈∈=,,|}的元素个数为 A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 2.设随机变量ξ服从正态分布),1(2 σN , 若2.0)1-＜(=ξP ，则函数x x x x f 223 3 1)(ξ++=有极值点的概率是 A. 0.2 B.0.7 C.0.3 D.0.8 3.下列命题中： （1）“＞1x ”是“＞12x ”的充分不必要条件 （2）命题“若a, b 都是奇数，则a + b 是偶数”的逆否命题是“若a+ b 不是偶数，则a ，b 都不是奇数” （3）命题“＞0x ?，都有21 ≥+ x x ”的否定是“＞00x ?,使得＜210o x x +” （4）已知p ，q 为简单命题，若p ?是假命题，则q p ∧是真命题。正确命题的个数为 A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个 4.设{a n }是公差为2的等差数列，b n =a 2n ,若{b n }为等比数列，其前n 顼 和为S n ，则S n 为 A. )12(2-n B. )12 (21 -+n C. )12(4-n D. )12(41-+n 5.若函数a e x f x -=)(，（e 为自然数的底数），对任意实数x ，)()(x f x f --≥恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是 A.（-∞，1] B.（1.+∞） C.（e,-∞） D.[1.+∞） 6. 设101022105 2 ......)23(x a x a x a x a x x ++++==-, 则1a 等于
2017年清华大学能力测试题（回忆版）说明：考试时间为90分钟，原卷4040道题均为不定项选择题．这里收录的是 回忆版试题，故部分选择题选项为空白． 1．在圆周的十等分点A1,A2,?,A10A1,A2,?,A10中取出四个点，可以围成的梯形的个数为()() A．6060 B．4040 C．3030 D．1010 2．过圆OO外一点CC作圆OO的两条切线，切点分别为M,NM,N，过点CC作圆OO的割线交 圆OO于B,AB,A两点，点QQ满足∠AMQ=∠CNB∠AMQ=∠CNB，则下列结论正确的是 ()()A．△AMQ△AMQ与△MBC△MBC相似 B．△AQM△AQM与△NBM△NBM相似 C．△AMN△AMN与△BQM△BQM相似 D．△AMN△AMN与△BNQ△BNQ相似 3．已知方程kx=sinxkx=sin?x在区间(?3π,3π)(?3π,3π)内有55个实数解 x1,x2,x3,x4,x5x1,x2,x3,x4,x5且x1
清华大学2017年11月高三中学生标准学术能力诊断测试文综地理试题 清华大学2017年11月（高三）中学生标准学术能力诊断测试 文综地理试题 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本题共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 沙波是河流浅水区河床中的沙粒堆积地貌，图1为某常见的沙波形成过程示意图。在浅水区，水面受河床厩部起伏的影响而呈波形，水流流速受上坡和下坡影响而存在差异，进而导致沙波背水坡泥沙被侵蚀，而被侵蚀的泥沙会在下一个沙波的迎水玻堆积。据此叫答1-3题。 l.河流流向为( ) A.自西向东 B.自南向北 C.自东向西 D.自北向南 2.甲坡泥沙堆积的原因为( ) A.水位低流速慢泥沙堆积 B.上坡流速变慢泥沙堆积 C.地转偏向力导致泥沙堆积 D.受惯性影响泥沙堆积 3.沙波移动方向为( ) A.维持原地 B.往复摆动 C.向上游移动 D.向下游移动 植物净初级生产力(简称NPP)是指在单位面积、单位时间内绿色植物通过光合作用积累的有机物数量。图2示意研究范围，图3为研究区2001—2010年间NPP的变化。观察结果显示，研究地区不同植被类型的年NPP大小顺序为：常绿阔叶林>混交林>草地>农田,植被>落叶阔叶林>湿地。据此完成，4-6题。 4.研究区年NPP最大的为( ) A.洞庭湖平原 B.东南丘陵 C.山东丘陵D．华北平原 5.200l^—2010年司，研究地区年NPP呈显著波动的主要原因为( )
A.植被类型的变化 B.土壤肥力的变化 C.雾霾天数的变化 D.水热状况的变化 6. 研究结果表明，2001～2010年司洞庭湖平原年NPP呈显著增加的主要原因为( ) A.种植结构和技术变化 B.城市化进程加快 C.退耕还湖 D.围湖造田 下载一个APP．缴纳一定数额的押金，就能以每小时0 5到1元的价格解锁一辆自行车任意骑行……近年来，共享单车在中国迅速走红，有效解决了市民出行“最后一公里”难题。图4为“某城市一周内共享单车与地铁分时段使用频率统计图”。根据材料完成7～9题。 7.与地铁相比，关于共享单车使用高峰描述正确的是( ) A.周末共享单车不存在早高峰 B.工作日的早晚高峰共享单车更明显 C.周末共享单车高峰不明显 D.共享单车与地铁的高峰在时间上完全同步 8共享单车的特征包括( ) A.从城市空司看早高峰外扩性显著、晚高峰内聚性显著 B.骑行以短时间、短距离出行为主 C.共享单车的接驳功能微弱 D.主干道承担的骑行最较小 9共享单车的出现( ) A.使外环附近地铁站服务范围缩小B．延长了市民的消费时间 C.使中心市区地铁站的服务范围显著扩大D．使地铁的窖流量锐减 都市区由都市核心区和都市边缘区组成。图5为我国某超大城市都市区不同组成部分在都市发展过程中人口的变化率图。读图完成10 -11题。
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020 年 5 月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150 分，考试时间100 分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分45 分） A Summer is that time of this year 2019 when everyone looks to escape from the boring activities of life. So bring your kids to join us to have fun in the summer camp. Outdoor Word Game: All you need to do is setting up many huge letters that can be easily moved. These letters will help kids spell out certain words. Teenagers would also love something like this as it gives them the opportunity to invest their time in learning new words. Spray Painting: To bring out the creativity in a person, an activity centered on spray painting is the perfect way to get those creative juices flowing. All you need to do is providing plain white T-shirts and some cans of colored spray paint. It will be quite surprising to see some of the original ideas that will flow from individuals. Outdoor Twister: A person will be in charge of monitoring the game and will call out colors which can be placed outdoors. Participants have the task of placing either their hands or legs on the same color. A fun and exciting game focuses on hand-eye coordination（协调）. The Maze（迷宫）: One of the funniest games is the hallway maze game where a maze is constructed from either toilet paper or strings of paper. The chosen participant is then asked to make his way through the maze within a limited time without touching paper. This is one of the best and entertaining summer camp ideas for kids and adults also. 1.Which activity most probably needs some imagination? A．Outdoor Word Game. B．Spray Painting. C．Outdoor Twister. D．The Maze. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The maze is made of toilet paper in The Maze. B.You have to spray juice on your T-shirt in Spray Painting. C.Outdoors Twister tests whether you are good at controlling your body movement. D.You have to bring some huge letters to play in Outdoor Word Games. 3.Who is the article intended for? A.Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Teenagers. B What makes a person sexy? Looks, talent, public image and how we accordingly view their personality all play into why we find ourselves attracted to certain celebrities and public figures. Every year, People put it all together when they name their “Sexiest Man Alive”. This year, the magazine decided that United States musician John Roger Stephens, better known as John Legend, has the full package. The title comes following some impressive achievements for the 40-year-old. He is among the youngest people to win an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award, and the first African-American man to win all four of them. With numerous awards and nominations, an Ivy-League degree, and a handsome face, Legend has gained huge popularity worldwide. However, his dedication to family life maybe what wins over many. After getting married to US model Chrissy Teigen in 2013, Legend is the father of one son and one daughter. He’s not shy about telling the world their love is permanent. On the inside of Legend’s arm, there is a tattoo that says “Chrissy Luna Miles”, the names of his wife and children. In fact, Legend has gained strength from his family since childhood. He still remembers the days when his family would gather around his grandmoth er’s piano to sing Christmas songs. This inspired his passion for music. His best-known single, All of Me, is a love song to his wife. When he performed it at the 2014 Grammy Awards, many were touched by his delicate voice and the deep love beneath. “The more you know someone, the more you’re inspired by your relationship,” Legend told LA Confidential Magazine. “You have to grow enough to be able to write that song with sincerity and authenticity.” Despite his onstage confidence, Legend had to work to become a legend. As a teenager, he was the smallest kid in class. “I was always less mature, less at ease socially. I had plenty of awkward times,” he told People. “Most of your teenage years, into your twenties, you’re still figuring out who you are, how you present yourself to the world ... Eventually, I think you get more at ease with yourself.” Indeed, knowing who you are and be yourself could be the real key to attractiveness. 4.What plays the biggest part in making Legend popular worldwide? A．High-level education. B．Handsome look. C．Efforts put in family. D．Talent in music. 5.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A.Legend’s hobby as a boy. B.Legend’s family members.
清华大学2021届9月中学生标准学术能力测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Keeping everyone happy is one of the greatest challenges for any globe-travelling family. Yet with its contrasting blend of gorgeous public green spaces and children-friendly cultural experiences, Abu Dhabi is a win-win for parents and kids alike. Qasr Al Hosn and Cultural Foundation Young minds find plenty to be inspired at Qasr Al Hosn and the Cultural Foundation: neighboring landmarks that preserve the rich cultural heritage of Abu Dhabi. Since the 1790s, Qasr Al Hosn has served as palace and seat of power. Today, surrounded by modern tower s, it is a reminder of the city’s incredible growth. The Cultural Foundation was known as a place to foster cultural exchange, a mission that continues today with an inspiring program of exhibitions and performances. Umm Al Emarat Park There’s no shortage of green spaces in downtown Abu Dhabi, but few are as beautiful as Umm Al Emarat: a vast extent of lawns, date palms, and winding walkways. Since 2015, the park features an indoor Botanic Garden and dedicated Children’s Garden, as well as a nearly 100-foot high Shade House with two viewing platforms overlooking the greenery. On Saturdays, the park is home to The Ripe Market filled with fresh organic and local produce. Events such as outdoor cinema and concerts keep families entertained all year round. Reem Central Park Art and architecture exist side by side in Reem Central Park, a huge public space in the heart of the city where families and friends come to relax. Contemporary art installations （装置）and dancing fountains are dotted around the park. It’s a mu lticultural scene, where locals and visitors from all over the world relax on neat lawns and playgrounds, catch air at the skate park, and gather at restaurants and food trucks serving delicious snacks. 1． Which place has the political function? A ．Qasr Al Hosn. B ．Reem Central Park. C ．Cultural Foundation. D ．Umm Al Emarat Park. 2．What is the special part of Umm Al Emarat Park? A ．It has dancing fountains. B ．It serves delicious snacks. C ．It has an indoor Botanic Garden. D ．It is a reminder of the city’s incredible growth. 3．What do these places have in common? A ．They have a long history. B ．They are modern architectures. C ．They are the center of shopping. D ．They can bring cultural experiences. B The late, great Kobe Bryant may have been most famous for his basketball skills, but people in any field can draw inspiration from his constant commitment to self-improvement. As the world reacts to Kobe Bry ant’s tragic passing on January 26, 2020, his massive influence extends far beyond the sports world. He wasn’t just a record -setting basketball player, devoted father, and Oscar-winning producer. His work spirit, unwavering motivation, and constant commitment to self-improvement made him stand out among his contemporaries. Case in point: his art of calling successful businesspeople — often ones he’d never even met before — and picking their brains about how they became successful. He was willing to put the legwork into growing his success, even if it meant admitting that he always had lots more to learn. In a 2014 interview with Bloomberg , Bryant described his process and name-dropped some of the people to whom he’d reached out. “I want to know more about how they build their businesses and how they run their companies and how they see the world,” he said. At the time, he was building his company, Kobe Inc. “Some of the questions that I’ll ask will seem really, really simple and stupid, quite honestly, for them,” he admitted. “But if I don’t know, I don’t know. You have to ask.” Humbling, maybe, but necessary. Who were some of these successful people that the already-very-successful Kobe Bryant so looked up to? To name a few: Oprah Winfrey, Mark Parker and president and CEO of Nike. Three years ago, Lowercase Capital founder Chris Sacca described his own interactions with Bryant. Sacca said he told Bryant to “do his homework” on investing — and, sure enough, Bryant went above and beyond. “For the next few months my ph one never stops buzzing in the middle of the night,” Sacca said on The Bill Simmons Podcast . “It’s Kobe, reading this article, checking out t his tweet, following this guy, diving into this TED Talk.” Clearly, this was someone unafraid to give his all. Though it might make his passing even more heartbreaking, Bryant’s constant desire to do more and be better is inspiring for sure. While the rest of us may not be able to just dial up Oprah or high-profile CEOs, we can certainly follow his example in other ways. We can surround ourselves with other motivated people that we can learn from, and not be afraid to ask potentially embarrassing questions if we know they’ll help us. 4．What made Kobe Bryant superior to other people of similar age? A ．His skills in playing basketball. B ．His responsibility for his family.