三、细节理解——数字计算题
(2018·全国Ⅲ，A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday)11∶00 am－4∶00 pm,30th March－2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults：￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers’ Market13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20 minutes.
B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes.
D.90 minutes.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By Car：...Approximate travel times：...Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客从Manchester开车到Holker 大约用一个半小时，也就是90分钟。故选D。
22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A.￡12.00.
B.￡9.00.
C.￡8.00.
D.￡5.50.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列与Groups 一行的交叉处可知，旅游团的一个成员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9.00。故选B。
23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A.Producers’ Market.
B.Holker Garden Festival.
C.National Garden Day.
D.Winter Market.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。根据文章的Winter Market部分中的第二句“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.(流
连于形形色色的礼品商店间，同时欣赏着现场的音乐演出和好看的街头娱乐活动)”可知，如果想看现场的音乐演出，你就去Winter Market。故选D。
一、题型解读
1.数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，从数学的角度讲，计算量都比较小，计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。
2.数字计算细节理解题的话题有：(1)广告类；(2)故事类；(3)科普知识类；(4)史地自然类；
(5)文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。
二、解题技巧——“加减乘除”得数据
1.阅读题干，查看题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。
2.弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。
3.特殊信息应注意：
(1)特殊数字：decade十年；fortnight两周；double两倍；couple两个；score二十；dozen 十二。
(2)特殊词汇：off削价，减价；discount折扣。
例如：【真题感悟】中第21题阅读题干，根据第一段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面的内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour 30 minutes，即一个半小时，也就是90分钟，故选D。
A
College isn’t for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential，but high tuition is a deterrent for some.Some can’t afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.
Manufacturing Sales Representatives
Average salary：52,440 Current workforce：1,430,000
Projected job growth,2010－2020：16%
Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople，wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good，the opportunities are numerous and，for most
employees，a High School diploma is enough to get a job.
Dry Wall Workers
Average salary：45,490 Current workforce：22,900
Projected job growth,2010－2020：27%
No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction industry，preparing walls for painting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.
Electricians
Average salary：48,250 Current workforce：577,700
Projected job growth,2010－2020：23%
The world is more mechanized than ever before，and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers，who will see nearly 134,000 new jobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.
Commercial Pilots
Average salary：67,500 Current workforce：32,700
Projected job growth,2010－2020：28%
An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilot’s license and training at a local flight school.Times are changing—many airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degrees—but prospects for salary and growth remain strong.
语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。大学并不适合所有人。文章介绍了四种没有大学文凭照样可以做的好工作。
1.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “deterrent” in Paragraph 1?
A.Prevention.
B.Threat.
C.Difficulty.
D.Fear.
答案 A
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“Some can’t afford it.”可以推测出，高昂的学费对于一些人来说是一个阻碍。由此可推知，deterrent与prevention意思相近。
2.Without a High School diploma，you can find a job as a(n) .
A.manufacturing sales representative
B.dry wall worker
C.electrician
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1710875554.html,mercial pilot
答案 B
解析细节理解题。根据Dry Wall Workers这一节中的“No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.”可知，答案为B项。
3.The average salary for a typical full-time worker is .
A.52,440
B.45,490
C.67,500
D.41,500
答案 D
解析数字计算题。根据Commercial Pilots这一节中的“Average salary：67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker”可知，一个全职工人的平均工资一般为：67,500－26,000＝41,500，故答案为D项。
4.Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?
A.The average salary of commercial pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1710875554.html,mercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.
C.You need to receive training at an international flight school to be a commercial pilot.
D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“but prospects for salary and growth remain strong”可知，商业飞行员的就业前景很好，故答案为D项。
5.From the text，we can infer that .
A.having a college degree can guarantee a good job
B.it’s not necessary to get a college degree
C.electricians will find jobs in big cities easily
D.many people don’t continue their schooling for only one reason
答案 C
解析推理判断题。根据Electricians这一节中的“Major cities promise the most jobs.”可以推测出答案。
B
(2018·天津十二区县二模)
Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom，one by one.The men，ranging from 19 to 63 years old，have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.
After the collapse，the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mine’s tunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was around 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks，the miners’ water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.
The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food，water，clothes，medicine，fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families，a television set and games.
Additional collapses slowed down rescue efforts.Finally，a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule(救生舱)，called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across，a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected，and all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.
The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope，a settlement of tents near the mine.Chile’s president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.“We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，” he said.After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.
6.How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?
A.About 48 hours.
B.About two weeks.
C.One month and a half.
D.More than two months.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed(倒塌) on August 5,2010”和倒数第二段第四、五句“The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13...all 33 men had been brought to safety
by late the same day.”可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。
7.Which of the following doesn’t belong to the rescue work?
A.The water from the tanks.
B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.
C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.
D.Letters，games and a TV set from the surface.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For more than two weeks，the miners’ water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选A。
8.What can we learn from the text?
A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.
B.The loss of the mine collapse.
C.The health condition of the trapped miners.
D.The concern of Chile’s president about the mine collapse.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Chile’s president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.‘We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，’ he said.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选D。
9.According to the text，the rescued miners .
A.received medical examination in a hospital at first
B.could go home immediately they got out of the mine
C.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going home
D.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of
答案 C
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospi tal for 48 hours of observation.”可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。故选C。
10.The best title for the text should be .
A.Disaster at the Mine
B.A Miracle at the Mine
C.Efforts of Great Chileans
D.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners
答案 B
解析标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿
难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个
生命的奇迹。
题型组合练(六)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Some people use hand-written letters typing because they’re more
personal and represent your sincerity.
A.in preference to
B.in process of
C.in reference with
D.in search of
答案 A
解析句意为：一些人优先用手写书信而不是通过打字，因为这样更私人，也代表你的真诚。
in preference to优先于；in process of在……过程中；in reference with参照；in search
of搜查，寻找。
2.As things didn’t work out the way we ，we found ourselves trying to force
them and struggling to finish them.
A.plan
B.are planning
C.had planned
D.will be planning
答案 C
解析句意为：当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样发展时，我们发现自己正在试图强迫他们
并奋力完成它们。根据前句didn’t，后句found可知，该句应使用过去时态；因事情的发
展和结果发生在计划之后，这里要用plan的过去完成时态had planned与前面的一般过去时
形成对比，以体现动作的先后，即“当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样时”，因此C项正确。
3.Linda realized she was in the wrong and promised to a new leaf.
A.take over
B.turn over
C.get over
D.go over
答案 B
解析句意为：琳达意识到自己错了，并承诺改过自新。take over接管；turn over翻转，
打翻，turn over a new leaf固定短语，意为“改过自新，重新开始”；get over克服；go
over复习，仔细检查。故B项正确。
4.It was not just the size of the party last night made it unique，but it meant to our company.
A.what；that
B.that；what
C.what；what
D.that；that
答案 B
解析分析句子结构可知，该句为强调句型，故第一个空用that；第二个空用what引导名词性从句。
5.Though a farmer，Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer，whose story is really
of great inspiration.
A.everything
B.nothing
C.the one
D.one
答案 D
解析句意为：尽管出身农民，朱之文已经成为一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里用one指代前面的story，相当于a story of great inspiration；everything 一切事物；nothing无事物；the one那个，均不符合句意，故D项正确。
6.It was the natural disaster，rather than human errors，that for the death of so many innocent people.
A.are blamed
B.was to blame
C.was blamed
D.were to blame
答案 B
解析句意为：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人的死亡负责。表示“应受责备，应对……负责”时，用be to blame for...为固定短语，因此排除A、C两项；这里强调主语the natural disaster，rather than human errors，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语保持一致，即与the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故B项正确。
7.—Can you do me a favour，Mr Smith？My car start.
—No problem.You can count on it.
A.won’t
B.mustn’t
C.ne edn’t
D.shouldn’t
答案 A
解析句意为：——史密斯先生，你能帮我一个忙吗？我的车发动不起来了。——没问题。你尽管放心。mustn’t 意为“禁止”，needn’t意为“不需要”，shouldn’t意为“不应该”，will作情态动词可以表示习惯或倾向性，其否定式won’t是对此刻和未来情况的一种否定，结合句意，A项正确。
8. you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year，
the accident figures are really very small.
A.Unless
B.When
C.Before
D.Though
答案 B
解析句意为：当你考虑到这家航空公司去年接待了8 000万名乘客的时候，这个事故数量其实是非常小的。unless除非；before在……以前；though尽管，与题意不符；when当……时，符合句意。
9.That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds ；it has raised a thought-provoking question，though.
A.artificial
B.arbitrary
C.allergic
D.reluctant
答案 B
解析句意为：“美国没有历史、中国没有未来”听起来随意，不过，它引发了一个发人深思的问题。artificial人造的，假的；arbitrary武断的，随意的；allergic过敏的；reluctant 勉强的，不情愿的。结合句意，B项正确。
10.—Mummy，look at my gloves.I need a new pair.
— .I bought them for you only a week ago!
A.You bet
B.You said it
C.You don’t say
D.You name it
答案 C
解析句意为：——妈妈，看我的手套。我需要一副新的。——是真的吗？我才刚给你买一个星期啊！You bet当然，一定；You said it你说得对；Yon don’t say表示惊讶，对对方描述情况表示质疑，意为“是真的吗，真想不到，不见得吧”；You name it只要你能想到的。因此C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2018·天津十二区县一模)
Electric cars are dirty.In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放) vehicles”，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants mostly use fire to make it.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells，we get our electricity from generators(发电机).Generators are fueled by something—usually coal，oil，but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热) plants as well，but by far
we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words，those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-bu rning cars.It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else，it looks clean.It is not.It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it，it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator，through the transmission lines，etc.
A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far—so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal，or hydro or wind or solar，then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political，technical，and economic reasons，we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition，electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.And finally，when cars are the polluters，the pollution is spread across all the roads.When it’s a power plant，though，all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
11.What does the underlined part “clueless” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.People see the California Greens everywhere.
B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal，oil，etc.
C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.
D.People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.
答案 B
解析句意理解题。根据文章第二段中的“People in California love to talk about ‘zero-emissions(排放) vehicles’，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity com es from.”可知，加利福尼亚的人喜欢谈论“零排放”的汽车，但是他们似乎对电的来源不清楚。
12.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Electric cars are not clean at all.
B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.
C.People cast doubts on electric cars’ batteries.
D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.
答案 A
解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，电动车一点也不环保。
13.The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run .
A.not less than 25 miles
B.as far as 50 miles
C.as far as 25 miles
D.not more than 25 miles
答案 D
解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far...”可知，一加仑汽油中得到的电力会让你的车行驶不超过25英里。
14.According to the text，electric cars .
A.are more environmentally friendly
B.burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones
C.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated
D.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill
答案 B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electr icity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far—so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.”可知，电动汽车燃烧的燃料比以汽油为动力的汽车燃烧的燃料多。
15.It can be inferred from the text that .
A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communication
B.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins
C.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment
D.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something 答案 D
解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电主要是通过燃烧煤炭等自然资源获得的，所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。
Ⅲ.阅读表达
Twenty-five years ago，most young Britons wanted a career in law，to be a doctor，or，if they were creatively minded，to take up singing.But today，things stand differently.According to a survey by Tesco Mobile，a UK telecoms company，the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger，or
“vlogger”.The survey，carried out among 1,002 people，found that as much as 40 percent of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers.
The factors contributing to this change is undoubtedly the Internet and，as everyone will admit，social media，which have made it so much easier to reach a global audience，without having to enter a career in show busi ness the traditional way.“In years gone by，the biggest stars were groomed and trained by the Hollywood studios；now，anyone with a computer camera can become an icon，” a Tesco Mobile spokesperson said in a news release.“From fashion to comedy，these self-made stars document and broadcast their hobbies to an adoring fan-base(粉丝团).Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life.”
“Generations of today have so many more options and opportunities than older age groups and the Internet and development of technology have aided that growth，” Phil Samuels，spokesperson for UK tech retailer Currys，told the Mirror.
However，what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful gain fame and fortune.For every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block.There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that are destined to remain dreams.
This is why despite the popularity of vloggers，some young people chose to follow careers that don’t necessarily earn them fame，but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies.Young Israeli David Leshaw，for example，runs a business called the Finishers Club.It’s a n online platform for runners to keep a record of their races.He told the career website Zippia that his job allows him to express his passion，and is always a learning experience.And that’s enough for him.
16.According to the survey，what is the most appealing job for British young people? (no more than 5 words)
A video blogger/A vlogger.
解析根据文章第一段的“the ‘dream job’ of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger，or ‘vlogger’”可知，在英国年龄在16岁至25岁之间的年轻人的“梦想工作”是视频博主，或者“视频工作者”。
17.What make it convenient for a vlogger to reach the fan-base? (no more than 8 words) The Internet and social media.
解析根据第二段中的“The factors contributing to this change is undoubtedly the
Internet and，as everyone will admit，social media”可知，造成这种变化的因素是互联网以及社交媒体。
18.What does the underlined word “document” in the second paragraph mean? (no more than 2 words)
Record.
解析根据第二段中“broadcast their hobbies to an adoring fan-base(粉丝团)”可知，是先录制再广播，因此document的含义是“录制”record。
19.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 15 words)
It is not easy to become a successful vlogger./Only those who are successful gain fame and fortune./Some people only see the bright side of being a vlogger.
解析根据第四段内容可知，很多人只关注到了成为视频博主很光鲜的一面，但他们忽视了这样一个事实：只有那些成功的人才获得了名利。说明成为成功的主播是不容易的。
20.Do you want to be a vlogger? Why or why not? (no more than 25 words)
Yes，I do，because it represents a new trend of entertainment and I want to try my luck and show my talent./No，I don’t，because only those who are successful gain fame and fortune in the field./No，I don’t，because it is not easy to become a successful vlogger.
解析开放题，学生根据自己的喜好给出答案，并阐述理由，合理即可。
2009-2018年高考真题任务型阅读 2009年： Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn?t like the fact that I don?t agree with his opinions．and that?s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the ot her person?s view is wrong．The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self． Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently）and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up
高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法 一、猜题思路分析 纵观近几年的高考英语阅读题，阅读选材广泛，各种文体各占一定的比例，在内容上贴近生活，语言能够体现当代英语的特点，语篇逻辑经得起推敲，与学生的阅读水平相吻合。阅读理解设计题目的结构难度基本稳定，方式大致相同。但词汇总量加大，阅读速度提高，且非考纲词汇有所增加，长难句有所增加。时文报道类、科普知识类、应用广告类、史地文化、短篇故事、说理小品、幽默小品是高考热门文章。 二、2008年高考英语考纲对阅读理解题的要求 2008年英语考试大纲对阅读理解题要求为：考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。1．理解主旨和要义；2．理解文中具体信息；3．根据上下文推断生词的词义；4．做出简单判断和推理；5．理解文章的基本结构；6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 三、2008年高考英语阅读理解命题原则 2008年高考英语阅读理解题的阅读材料的选取遵循以下原则： 1．共5篇文章，阅读量不少于2000个单词。文章的长度可能比以前略有增加，词汇量也可能稍有增大。2．题材多样化，贴近生活，涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等多方面题材。3．体裁分布均匀，所选语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。 四、2008年高考阅读理解题命题特点 1．强调语篇选材的真实性，贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生。阅读材料多选于英美国家近期报刊杂志上原汁原味的文章，反映外国生活，语言规范、地道、真实，且难度合理，符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。2．较大的阅读量和信息量。篇目稳定在5篇，词汇量稳定在2000-2700之间，所选语篇负有高含量的信息。从语言的表层看，各段文字并不是很难理解，但要理解文章的深层含义有所难度。3．题型多样。所设题型有：主旨题、细节题、推理题、词义猜测题，但大多数为细节理解题。4．加大了阅读材料的文字难度。文章的生词率不超过3%，但根据构词法知识能判断出词性和词义的单词不算生词。另外，阅读材料保持了原文的风格，语言地道，文化含量高，增加了学生理解的难度。5．语篇结构较为复杂。源于真实语料的作品运用了较高级的组篇手段。 五、阅读理解题解题方法 一）．主旨大意题。1．题干提问方式： 1）The main idea of the passage is . 2) Which of the following is the best title? 3) The main purpose of the story is to tell us . 4) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? 5) What is the writer trying to tell us? 6) The purpose of the passage is . 7) The main (general) idea of the passage is . 8) The passage is mainly about . 9) From the passage we know that . 2.方法：找主题句： 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。主题句位置一般位于段
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
题型组合练(七) (对应学生用书第181页) Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2020·江苏省扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三上学期期中联考)—Samsung announced Tuesday that it stopped production of Note 7 smart phones. —Yes.It ________ 2.5 million of the new Notes across 10 worldwide markets since September. A．recalled B．has recalled C．will recall D．had recalled B[考查现在完成时。答句句意：自九月开始，它已经从10个全球市场上召回了2 500 000部新的Note手机。由句中时间状语since September可知，此处使用完成时，强调一直延续到现在。] 2．(2020－2020学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试)The Chinese women's volleyball team won the gold medal at the Rio Olympics，which is the third time the team ________Olympic gold. A．claimed B．has claimed C．has been claiming D．had claimed B[考查时态语态。句意：中国女排在里约奥运会上获得了金牌，这是第三次团队获得奥运金牌。句型：it is the＋序数词＋time that从句，从句谓语动词要使用现在完成时。] 3．(2020－2020学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试)Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed ________the heavy fog continue. A．might B．could C．would D．should D[考查虚拟语气。句意：大雾一旦继续，高速公路的一部分仍将暂时关闭。 分析句意及句子结构可知，此处是对将来的虚拟，条件句中省略了if，所以将should提到句首。should意为“万一”。] 4．(2020届江苏省扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三上学期期中联考)—Have you seen the film Operation Mekong?
十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语 专题23 阅读七选五 (2015﹒北京) This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s h appening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
第二十组 (建议用时：20分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Thomas had achieved fame as a poet in the 1930s and had spent World War Two in London writing propaganda(宣传) films.But by 1946, after the end of the war, he needed a regular income to support his wife Caitlin, and children Llewelyn and Aeronwy.Luckily he had a new admirer in the form of Margaret Taylor, wife of noted historian and broadcaster A．J.P. Taylor.Introduced as an “entertaining guest” by a mutual friend, he had succeeded in charming Mrs Taylor, who put the family up in a summerhouse in their garden in the grounds of Magdalen College(牛津大学莫德林学院)．① Thomas had a love-hate relationship with Oxford, according to his biographer Andrew Lycett.His poetry may have brought him respect and celebrity in literary circles, but in Oxford he felt at odds with his surroundings.“His father, who had been a schoolmaster in Swansea, would have liked him to go to Oxford University，” Mr Lycett explains. “When he did actually get to Oxford he wasn’t actually at the university.It was a curious period.He was in this academic environment though he wasn’t a born academic himself.But he generally enjoyed himself because he got to know some of the professors there.He wasn’t popular among them, because they thought he was a bit of a wastrel(不务正业者), so he hung out in pubs and met students.”②Thomas also took paid jobs at the BBC, regularly travelling to London and became something of a celebrity through appearing on panel show.③ “He didn’t really endear(使受垂青) himself to Professor Taylor，”Mr Lycett says.“He_overstayed_his_welcome.The professor liked to have a barrel of beer in the house and Dylan would finish it off.He just took a dislike to him, partly because, reading between the lines, his wife rather fancied this young man.”Mark Davies, an Oxford historian, says Professor Taylor disliked the poet “intensely”．“He ended up being banished(驱逐) a safe distance away from his wife，” he adds. This banishment was in the picturesque village of South Leigh, nine miles out from the city, in a house set up for Thomas by Margaret, who continued to be his proud sponsor.However, it was here that his granddaughter Hannah Ellis believes Thomas found much of the inspiration for one of his most famous works, the radio drama Under Milk Wood.“South Leigh is hugely important because that was one of those villages where he met all the different characters and it helped him arouse his passion，” she says.“The play had been a seed from when he was about 20 and I think it was that village lifestyle and all the characters that helped.He liked sitting in the corner of the pub, watching all the drama going on.Also he had somewhere quiet to work and a home.For such a long time he hadn’t settled and it was a good period in his life.”④
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江苏 2019 高考英语二轮练习功课：m4u1advertising（1） M4U1 巩固作业 1 词汇导练 1、Group A gave (有说服力的)opinions and won the debate. 2、The project should be (完成)within a year. 3、Jin Yong has a good (想像力)in writing swordsmen stories(武侠小说)、 4、I (推举)the book to all my friends. 5、If I am not (可获得的)when you phone，ask for my brother. 6、She is d to go to the country for her summer holiday. 7、Is it c for you to come out this evening? 8、Everyone’s fingerprints are u. 9、If you c a crime，you will never escape being punished. 10、The a are excited by the wonderful performance. 11、This dictionary is i for beginners of English. 12、We may find all kinds of a around us，on TV，in newspapers and so on. 短语汇集 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 语句试译 欺骗，捉弄 上气不接下气 诱使某人做某事 上当；受骗 反复地，一遍又一遍地独具的；特有的 想要 把……交给某人对……感到厌倦 迎合，对……有吸引力传达 组织，汇集；组装 1、(回归课本P2)We are used to them we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. 我们对它们适应到甚至经常全然意识不到一天看到、听到多少广告。 2、(回归课本P3) ads play tricks on us though. 然而并非所有的广告都在欺骗我们。 3、(回归课本P7)If they want to become the market leader，the company must ensure that their product is . 假如他们想成为市场的主宰者，公司必须确保他们的产品高质量。
(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.