1. 我们没有必要太在乎别人对我们的评价，因为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。(in that; objective)
We do not need to care too much about what people say about us in that what they say is not necessarily objective. 2. 为了自身发展，他换了不少工作，并最终找到了适合自己的职位。但他的经历并不适用于每个人。(for the sake of; apply to)
He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-development before he finally found a position suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.
3. 在为自己设定目标之前，首先要弄清楚自己真正需要的是什么。对自己的需要越了解，越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。(figure out; the more … the more …)
We should first figure out what we really need before we set goals for ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to set practical goals.
4. 大部分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升，而是你能为公司作多大贡献。(what …; not … but …)
What most employers care about is not your self-improvement, but what you contribute to the company.
5. 无论结果如何，都不要轻言放弃。不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。(whatever; outcome; underestimate)
Whatever the outcome will be, do not give up easily. We should not underestimate our ability / ourselves just because of one failure in seeking employment.
英译中
1. The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal, includes court cases, grades in classes, and most competitions.
第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。
2. It’s not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual, but at selecting a reasonably optimal set. 在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。
3. Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about us.
我们早年所受的训练，加上总是以自我为中心，使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。
4. And curiously enough, taking rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often. Language in Use 令人惊奇的是，把被拒绝看得不那么针对个人，能帮助你更少地遭到拒绝。我们早年所受的训练，加上我们总是以自我为中心，使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。
5. If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are,
they’d make more effort to sell themselves, and take the outcome less personally.
如果大学申请人意识到大部分选择过程是多么迅速、多么不考虑个体需求，他们就会更努力地推销自己，并能更加坦然地对待录取结果。
1.小时候，我住的村庄四周是一片田野，但现在已不见当年的影子，原来的村庄已变成一座现代城镇。(nothing but; what-clause)
When I was a child, the village I lived in was surrounded by nothing but open fields. But now nothing remains of the village. A modern city is built on what used to be there.
2. 我的童年是在乡下度过的，那时的天很蓝，晚上仰望夜空，能看到无数的星星。(look up to)
My childhood was spent in the countryside. At that time the skies were clear. Looking up to the sky at night, I could s ee countless stars.
3. 他上小学时，家境贫寒，总担心同学们会看不起他。事实上，他的担心是多余的，同学们对他都很友好。(look down on sb)
His family was poor when he was an elementary school student, and he often worried that his classmates would look down on him. In fact his worry was unnecessary, for all his classmates were friendly to him.
4. 每个人在成长的过程中都要经历很多事，大部分被遗忘了，但有些永远印在我们的脑海里。 (while) Everyone is bound to experience a lot of things when growing up, most of which will be forgotten while some will re main in our mind forever.
5. 童年是一个五彩斑斓的盒子，里面装着许多美丽的梦想和有趣的回忆。(in which)
Childhood is a colourful box, in which are beautiful dreams and interesting memories.
英译中
1 They couldn’t afford expensive presents, and they didn’t want us to think we weren’t
as good as other kids who, on Christmas morning, found all sorts of fancy toys under the tree that were supposedly le ft by Santa Claus. 他们买不起昂贵的礼物，也不想让我们觉得我们比不上别的孩子——在圣诞节早上，他们从圣诞树下找到各种各样的新奇玩具，据说是圣诞老人留下的。
2 I had a blanket wrapped around me, and when it was my turn, I offered to share it with Dad, but he said no thanks. The cold never bothered him.
我当时裹着一床毯子，在轮到我的时候，我要把毯子分给爸爸一些，但爸爸说不用，他从不怕冷。
3. Those shining stars, he liked to point out, were one of the special treats for people like us who lived out in the wild erness. 他喜欢强调一点：那些闪亮的星星是对像我们这样住在荒野里的人的特别款待。
4 The longer you looked and the more your eyes adjusted to the dark, the more stars
you’d see, layer after layer of them gradually becoming visible. 的时间越久你的眼睛就越适应黑暗，你就可以看到更多的星星。渐渐地它们一层层地呈现在你的眼前。
5. didnt have any moons or satellites or even a magnetic field, but it did have an atmosphere sort of similar to earth’s, except it was super-hot — about five hundred degrees or more. 金星没有像月亮那样的卫星或其他卫星，甚至没有磁场，但它有着与地球相似的空气，只是它的空气超热，大约有五百度甚至更高。
1. 大城市是他最不愿意居住的地方，因为他无法忍受那里的拥挤的喧闹。（the last place…that…;bustling）The big city is the last place that he wishes to live in, for it is so bustling and crowded there that he finds it hard to bear.
2. 现代生活的快节奏意味着人们没有更多的时间用于人际交往，因此人与人之间显得很淡漠。(not + present participle hence)
The fast pace of modern life means people not having enough time for personal communication; hence the indifferen ce between people.
3. 过去邻居们经常互相串门，但现在大家都习惯把自己关在各自的家里，没什么事几乎不来往。(used to stay connected)
Neighbors used to visit each other regularly. But now they are used to staying at home and rarely stay connected unle ss it is essential.
4. 轻松和谐的环境会对人的身心健康产生积极的影响。(harmonious; have…effect on )
A light and harmonious environment has a positive effect on people’s physical and mental health.
5. 我们应该把精力放在工作上，而不是复杂的人际关系上。(rather than)
We should focus our attention on work rather than complicated personal relationships.
英译中
1. Americans in the 21st century devote more technology to staying connected than any society in history, yet somehow the devices fail us. 在使人与人保持联系方面，21世纪的美国人投入了比历史上任何一个社会都要多的技术手段。然而这些手段却辜负了我们
2.We treat socializing as if it’s a frivolous diversion from the tasks at hand rather than an activity that is essential to our well-being as individuals and as a community. 我们把交际当做了手头诸多任务中一个不起眼的小插曲，而不是一项对于我们个人或集体的利益都很重要的活动。
3. We may have isolated ourselves without entirely meaning to, but we also have ended up in a place that looks a lot like where we always knew that we were supposed to stand.
也许我们孤立自己并非完全出于本意，但是我们最后所处的处境，和我们一直的预期非常相近
4. The truth is that if one can bring oneself to acknowledge loneliness, half the battle is won. It is not an easy half of
a battle, however.
事实是，如果有人能承认自己孤独，那么这场战役他就赢了一半。但这一半却不是那么容易赢得的
5.Small daily choices –whether to go to a local store or order off the Internet, whether to pick up a ringing telephone or let it go to voicemail, whether to get together with a friend or pop in a DVD –end up defining one’s social world.
日常生活中的小选择——是去当地的实体店还是在网上订购，是接起正在响的电话还是让对方语音留言，是与朋友聚聚还是自己看光碟——最终定义了一个人的社交世界
1．说到科学发现，我们就会想起牛顿发现万有定律。这个例子告诉我们不要忽视生活中的小事，他们可能给人以灵感。（when it comes t o；inspiration）
When it comes to scientific discovery, we will think of Newton’s
discovery of the law of universal gravitational. The example tell us that we should not ignore the small thing in life which might give us inspiration.
2.事实证明，不按照科学规律办事，是注定要失败的。（be bound to）
It has been proved that we will be found to fail if we do not do things according to scientific ways.
3.当遇到挫折时，人们往往抱怨自己命运不好，虽然抱怨并不能解决问题。（seatback；crop up; tend to）When setbacks crop up people tend up to complain about their bad luck , though such complain can offer nothing towards their solution.
4.这一自然奇观至今没有科学的解释，这就是人们对它倍感好奇的原因。（natural wonder；the reason why）This natural wonder has not had a scientific explanation so far , that’s the reason why people are curious about it .
5.后来的结果表明，他最初的判断是正确的。如果我们从开始就按照他的方法去做，这个技术难题也许早就解决了。（subsequent outcome；may have done）
This subsequent outcome proved that that his initial judgment was carrect , if we had followed his method from the beginning , we may have solved the technical problem much easier .
英译中
1. Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time.
即使是最理智的人有时候也会对此深信不疑，认为冥冥之中有一种力量让他们在最糟糕的时期里灾祸连连。
2. So badness is much better represented as being on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there.
所以我们更应该把事情的好坏看成是一个程度的问题，而不是非好即坏
3. So while the probability of being made redundant on any particular day and the probability of being sick may both be small, the chance of both occurring is almost certainly higher than the product of the two probabilities.
因此，虽然人们在某一天被裁员和在某一天生病的概率都很小，但是这两件事同时发生的概率肯定要高于他们分别发生的概率
4 .As in most bad luck stories, you forget about the number of times the road doesn’t land awkwardly and remember the times it does.
在大多数有关倒霉事儿的故事中，你会忘掉路线好找的次数，只记得路线不好找的次数
5. Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; it’s just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical.
司机不赶时间时碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不便要小得多
Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
我家现有三只猫。最近的孩子都很现实，所以他们向父亲询问:“猫究竟有什么用?”我被问住了。 不错，这么说来，狗可以防贼，或把扔出去的球拾回来，多少为人干点事。但是猫呢?由于现在老鼠也不太看得到了，所以它就是吃、睡、出去走走，饿了就回来，然后再吃了睡，仅仅如此，对人什么贡献也没有。 “什么用也没有这一点不就挺好吗?因为仅仅呆在那里就挺有意思。”—我只能这样回答，但这恐怕不能成为对孩子的回答吧。这个暂且不说，就仅仅是看着动物的行动，就令我感到快乐。每当看到它们沿着松树或刺槐的树干，垂直一气上窜好几米，为扑捉飞着的虫子高高地跳跃在空中时，好像在这时才会发出感叹，“动物做的是多么准确而毫无徒劳的动作啊。 “畜生的卑鄙”之类的话在人的言里是有的。但不能说都是这样。有些作为母亲的人甚至不愿生育、养育孩子，扔掉孩子或让孩子死掉，在这样的世界上，猫的育儿却充满细心的情爱和无限的耐心。 说是育儿，也并不是老猫让孩子吃点心，给孩子买玩具，而只不过是把自己在草地上扑捉到的四脚蛇叼来给小猫之类而已。用奇妙的叫声呼唤孩子，孩子过去后“啪”的一下把猎物放下来，然后自己不经意地看着孩子玩耍四脚蛇。恰如我们人的母亲照看自己孩子时满足、安心的表情，呆呆地看着。 还有，老猫在小猫吃盘子里的食物时，远远地一直等待，等小猫吃完后，再去吃期盼已久的小猫剩下的东西。责备小猫时，老猫是何等温柔地啃咬小猫的啊，用收起爪的前蹄又是何等有分寸地拍打小猫啊，而绝不会进行责打。“连不会说话的兽类，父母也竟如此对子女爱怜，何况人乎?”实朝的这句诗，实在是千真万确。 还不仅如此，可怜的是它们还日夜受到人类文明的惊吓。连听到吸尘器的声音也会吓得发抖，喷气式飞机在头上低空飞过的话，慌忙躲藏到隐蔽处。那低眉俯首、无容身之地的样子，使它变得更小。人如果活得不易，它们也活得很不容易。 猫的数量增加以后，、家中到处都可见到散乱的小动物的尸骸，从四脚蛇到蚌蟒、蝗虫、蝗螂、蜂、金龟子、蝴蝶、蛾子、蟋蟀，有时甚至还有蝼蛄之类。明明可以在外面玩就行了，但猫一看有机会就必然会带到房间内来处理。 在海边温暖的草地上好像有好多四脚蛇。落到猫手中的四脚蛇大多被揪断了尾巴。这并不是猫要吃它，而是长时间地把它作为玩具的缘故。在对方因猫的爪子受伤变弱直到死去之前，忽而用嘴叼起，忽而前爪去捅，要是逃跑就赶上去按住，或是用两个爪子夹住抛向空中。玩腻了，就抛下连头也不回地走开。 肯定也有运气好的，死里逃生勉强爬出去的四脚蛇，但更多的是想逃也逃不掉，而在家具后或垫子、褥子底下变成鱼十似的干巴巴的样子。我感觉到或许那以后也有在房间的某处住下来的，因为某日某时，四脚蛇突然从阴暗处跑出，吓了我一大跳。 因为这件事，我与四脚蛇彻底地亲密起来，本来爬虫类一看到就会令人心情不快，必用木棍之类处理掉才算完，但最近，却不管是活的还是死的，都可以拿在手上了。这样一来，四脚蛇这样的东西也成了不拘泥于相貌的可爱动物了。还不仅如此，我还对四脚蛇刮目相看了起来。
一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another
Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier This story is dedicated to all of the unknown soldiers who died while trying to protect the lives of the innocent. NOVEMBER 24, 1943 1 It has been almost six months since I last saw American soil, my family, or my home. My heart aches every moment because everywhere I look I see piles of rubble where houses used to stand and lifeless bodies that once moved around with the joy of life inside them. It is as if I have stared into death’s eyes and seen its hatred, i ts coldness. If it would have been some strangers’ corpses that I had seen I might have taken it lighter. But these lifeless heaps are, or used to be, my friends and colleagues. They all came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to What foo ls they were! Couldn’t those men see that what they received was a one-way ticket to death, couldn’t they have opened their eyes! Of course, I was like them, but I have changed my views since the last D-Day, when our regiment was assigned to protect London. 2 Today was rainy and cold, just like any other, when, out of the blue, German fighter planes bombarded our small, makeshift All I could hear were the sounds of bombs exploding, crippling those people in their way. I was suddenly knocked into a trench and able to be undetected by the planes circling I was lucky. 3 When I came to, the Axis planes had gone and the few survivors that were left began scooping up bodies. I suffered minor head injuries, but the rest of my platoon wasn’t so fortunate. All I can say to describe the aftermath of the explosions is that it was a sea of blood. Right about this time thoughts of suicide entered my head, but I decided that I must go on. I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home. I want my children to have a father. My family has been sending me mail, but I have received only a few letters so far. Oh, how I wish I could see my darling daughters! They are experiencing tough times too, with the food shortage problems and all. I hope the garden that they planted is growing. My thoughts drift to my wife She is so dear to me that I can’t stop thinking about her. 4 My job now is plane spotting. It is a civilian’s task, but there are no more civilians left to do it. I must end this entry now because I am too tired to go on writing. All I ask is that I be alive5when this ends. Although I’m not so sure I’ll get my wish.
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
Unit 4 一、词汇短语 Text A assembly [] n. 集合；装配；汇编；会议；（美）洲议会的众议院 【例句】This is the assembly line. 这是装配线。 auto [] n. 汽车（等于automobile）；自动 vi. 乘汽车 【例句】That auto company is coming out with several new models. 那家汽车公司将把好几种新型号产品投入市场。 assault [] n. & v. 刺激；猛烈地攻击，袭击 【例句】The roar of city traffic is a steady assault on one’s nerves. 市区的喧嚣不断地刺激着人的神经。 【助记】as（一再）＋sault（联想salt）→一再往你的伤口上撒盐→攻击，谐音“阿嫂她”，阿嫂她攻击你。 enclosed [] adj. 被附上的；与世隔绝的 【例句】Enclosed please find a set of sample sheets. 附上样稿一份，请查收。
discordant [] adj. 不和谐的，刺耳的；不一致的 【例句】Leonato thought they would make a discordant pair. 里奥那托认为他们不适宜作夫妻。 【搭配】discordant views不一致的观点 【助记】dis＋cord（心）＋ant→不一条心→不一致的 weld [] vt. 焊接，煅接 n. 焊接，焊缝 【例句】The car has had a new wing welded on. 这辆汽车焊接了一个新的翼子板。【助记】wedding 结婚就是两人熔合在一起不分开。we-ld we-我们ld-路灯我们把路灯焊接在一起。 【派生】welding n. 焊接 crackle [] n. 劈啪响；裂纹 vi. （使）发劈啪声 【例句】The radio crackled again. 收音机又吱吱啦啦地响了起来。 laser [] n. 激光 【例句】This is a virtual keyboard with laser impressions on any table or other surface. 这是一个可以在任何桌面或其他表面投射的激光虚拟键盘。 【助记】发音记忆：“镭射”→激光
为自己而写 从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。 弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来—·本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。 我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年，不少日子过去了，还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家，——直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。… 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作—团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。 突然我就想描述那…切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。 “好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。” 于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：“瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
unit 6 The Last Leaf When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done? 约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真 的就无可奈何了吗？ 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一 位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣 味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。 2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house. 那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东 碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。 3 One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow. 一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。 4 "She has one chance in ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind? “她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有 什么心事吗？” 5 "She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue. “她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。 6 "Paint? -- bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice -- a man, for instance?" “画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说，一个男人？” 7 "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind." “男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。” 8 "Well," said the doctor. "I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines." After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune. “好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有 几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进 约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。 9 Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting -- counting backward. 约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数――倒数着数！ 10 "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together. “12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。 11 Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare. 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。