阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study .
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens.
However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.
练习：
1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D
A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.
C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.
D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.
2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B
A Heart disease.
B Breast cancer.
C Infectious diseases.
D Lung cancer.
3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A
A Irritated eyes an throat.
B Severe pain in both lungs.
C Continuous cough and headache.
D Difficulty in breathing.
4. What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer? B
A Happy.
B Surprised.
C Angry.
D Careless.
5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer? D
A Family cancer history.
B Unhealthy dietary habits.
C Weak immune systems.
D Personal health and physical condition.
第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics B级
Most older people with so-called type Ⅱ diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.
Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilize insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported.
This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with typeⅡ, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilize as a measure for how well their insulin worked.
Associate Professor Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non-exercising persons.
“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment,” Dela was quoted as saying.
Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.
Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.
练习：
1.How could most elderly type Ⅱdiabeticc stop taking insulin? C
A By taking more salt than usual
B By taking less than usual
C By going brisk ecercise for half an hour at least three times a week
D By going climbing ,swimming or boxing every day
2. Physical exercise many increase the body ability to utilize insulin by B
A 70 per cent
B 30 per cent
C 60per cent C only a few percent
3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included D
A elderly non-diabetic men.
B elderly type Ⅱ diabetic men.
C both sexes of all ages.
D both A and B.
4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect? A
A To the degree where they begin to sweat.
B To the degree where they feel exhausted.
C To the point when they feel thirsty.
D To the point when they have to take insulin.
5. According to Dela, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is____ the importance of watching their diet. C
A as poofly understood as
B as well understood as
C Less understood than
D better understood than
第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment B级
Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking.
Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5-10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).
Every year, there are an estimated 31, 000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning.
Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infection
Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment child welfare, and longer-term health costs
A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified, these risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but preview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.
It is important to emphasize that child are the victims and are never to blame for being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted ,or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs ,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features
练习：1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT----C------according to the passage.
A child maltreatment is a global problem
B There is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries
C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors
D different scientists use different research methods
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? B
A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood
B 25-50%of all children were reported to have been physically abused
C 25-50%of children were psychologically abused
D 60-75%of children were neglected by their parents
3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT----B----according to the passage
A drowning in swimming
B diarrhea
C burns
D falls
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? A
A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up
B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems
C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development
D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood
5.The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT------D----avvording to the passage
A they frequently and easily cry
B they are in infant/s or in adolescent
C they are often neglected by their parents or friends
D they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents
第三十四篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance A级
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue .Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria ),so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy .they constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics ,reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in the lancet infectious diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR(antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear ,this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission , and to define the most effective measures for control
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include industry ,and international agencies
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance ;rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription ;and strict
adherence to infection prevention and control measures , including the use of hand-washing measures ,particularly in healthcare facilities
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries . and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies . and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance ,Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO\s World Health Day 2011
练习：
1、Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest? A
A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present
B the micro-organisms develop much faster than the past ,so the researchers are more interested
C the antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry
D the antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria
2、Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Diseases? C
A the issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene
B a new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria
C a new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics
D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics
3、Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR? D
A those who use antibiotics
B those who sell antibiotics
C those who produce antibiotics
D those who study in universities
4、All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT? D
A education to the users of antibiotics
B control on the use of antibiotics
C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics
D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use
5、What can you infer from the passage ?B
A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms
B even with new strains against the existing antibiotics ,the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control
C without the support from WHO ,no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms
D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010and will set a special day for it in 2011.
完形填空：
第二篇Influenza C级
Influenza has been with us a long time .According ___to_____some Greek writers on medical
history ,the outbreak of 412B.Cwas of influenza .the same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through the Greek army ____attacking _Syracuse in 395B.C. FLUis a disease that moves most quickly among people __living ____ in crowded conditions, hence, it is likely to attack armies.
During the nineteenth century there were five widespread __outbreaks of influenza .the last of the five ___happened ___ in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time .like the recent outbreak ,____it ____ started in Asia .
For more than forty years before that outbreak ,influenza had steadily ___decreased____ and was believed to be dying out .A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu __remained ___ a constant threat.
In April 1918 flu broke out among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively ____few_ deaths. Four months later, however __, a also ___healthy __ young adults. It went through every country in the world, only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining ___untouched ___ It brought the life of whole countries ___to stop ___ ,food supplies stopped and work loss was very great. Before the great outbreak ended, it ___had killed __ at least 15 million people. Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus_ __clear _ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
第七篇Exercise B 级
Weather or not exercise adds __to____ the length of life, it is common experience that a certain ___amount__ of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise _which____ involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.
How much and what kind of exercise one should _take____ merits careful consideration .The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports .They fatigue to the __point ___ of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with __those _ of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is _of _____ vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question _____hard _ to answer. Individual variability is __too __ great to permit of generalization .A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise ____depends __ on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of
电气系
exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will ____serve__as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be __determined__ periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The __other__ is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should __choose___ depends upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous activities sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate _in___throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.
第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne Illness B级
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the
world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response
___to__ an increasing number of food safety problems and __rising_ consumer
concerns.
Foodborne illnesses are _defined____ as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in
nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Every person
is ___at_ risk of foodborne illness.
Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in
developed __and____ developing countries. The global __incidence___ of foodborne
disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 __alone_____8
million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great ___proportion__ of these cases
can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. __Additionally_____,
diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children.
In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be 10 __up to____30%. In the
United States of America(USA), for example ,around 76 million cases of foodborne
diseases, ___resulting in___325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to
occur each year.
While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide __range___ of foodborne diseases, including those caused
by parasites. The high __prevalence__of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing
countries suggests major underlying food safety problems.
In partnership __with____ other stakeholders, WHO is developing policies that will further promote the safety of food. These policies cover the entire food chain from
production to consumption and will __make use of___ different type of expertise.
第十二篇pandemic H1N12009 A级
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central
and eastern Europe Focal increases in rates during recent weeks were reported in at least two eastern European countries .A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity with concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still exists in parts of southern and eastern Europe .particularly in Greece , Poland , and Ukraine .
In Western Europe . influenza transmission remains active and widespread , but overall disease activity has peaked .all influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N12009,however,very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses , covering less than 1%of all influenza viruses found , were reported in Russia. In addition limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries along the Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia ,limited data suggest that in virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places .in West Asia ,Israel Iran ,and Iraq also appear to have passed their peak period of transmission within the past month ,though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels ,in East Asia ,influenza transmission remains active but appears to be declining ____ overall. _slight___ increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago.
In North America, influenza transmission _remains ____widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, except for ___ focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.
范与规
阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A
2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题（卫生类） 考试时间：120分钟考试总分：100分 （2011年卫生类职称英语考试题型：词汇选项、阅读判断、补全短文、完形填空、概括大意与完成句子、阅读理解。） 第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题,每题l分,共15分） 下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。参考答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 In 1840 Lucretia Most and Elizabeth Stanton were excluded from. The World's Anti-slavery Convention merely because they were women. A consulted by B elected to C kept out of D applauded by 2 The measures taken by the administration failed to reduce unemployment. A helped to B did not C were not intended to D were necessary to 3 Mary said that she was fed up. A disgusted B satisfied C ravenous D full 4 The mayor refused to give in to the demand of the group. A reply to B yield to C acknowledge D publicize 5 Mr. Jackson wants to give out this news as soon as possible. A furnish B announce C emit D abandon 6 Some forms of arthritis may develop when the body's ability to fight disease goes awry. A takes over B comes up C is interrupted D becomes faulty 7 The man in a rage was dead last night. A narrative B laudable C outraged D patentable 8 Sand is found in abundance on the seashore and is often blown inland td form sand hills and dunes. A at random B at high tide C in dry mounds D in great quantities 9 Some varieties of shorthorns, the most common breed of beef cattle, are in fact hornless. A credibly B actually C reportedly D potentially 10 Due to his carelessness, he was left out of an opportunity. A included in B excluded from C superior to D exhausted by考试大－全国最大教育类网站(。com) 11 The leaders of modern architecture have characteristically been vigorous and articulate thinkers in whose minds architectural theory is linked to ideas of social reform. A defined by B related to C applied to D reinforced by 12 If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, medical help is necessary. A deposited in B invisible to C blurred to D isolated in 13 James Was oblivious to the noise around him. A nervous about B furious about C irritated by D Unaware of
职称英语综合A阅读理解原文：The National Trust 原文来自于职称英语教材综合类阅读判断第十篇 第十四篇The National Trust The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation forpublic enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trusthas received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Governmentdepartment. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside andhistoric buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary supportfrom members of the public’. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty andplaces of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses andcastles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to theTrust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.This gift attracted wide publicityand started the Trust’s “Country House Schem e”. Under this scheme, with the help of theGovernment and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to thepublic about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quaners of amillion people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancientwind and water mills3 , nature reserves4, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand fivehundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages noone is allowed to build, develop ‘or disturb the old village environment in any way and all thehouses are maintained in their original
第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses aren’t just delivering 汪strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then theywere told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen —a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says. 词汇： threshold n.起点，开端；门槛 disposal n.处理,处置;配置 neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n.动机，目的 strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释： 1. Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。 2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学，1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚?安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市（Cannes)和芒东市（Menton)设有校区。索菲亚?安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多髙等学府的所在地。 3. body mass index:身体质量指数 4. at the threshold of:当……快要开始时 5. in perception：感知 6. at the disposal of:受到……的控制 练习： 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process. 2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. What does the writer want to tell us? A Human9s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world. B What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses. D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes. 答案与题解： 1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words比较清楚，选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A说的是every word, 所以不是答案。选项B和D文章中没有提到。 2. B答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B是答案。 3. C 虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 4. A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词。B项neutral意思为“中性的”，在本文中的意思是与food-related相对的，即“与食物不相关的”，因此是错误选择; C 项不符合课文原意; D项barely意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有”，因此也不符合句意。 5. D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项;B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D是答案。最后一段第二句的“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据。 第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口 我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。 数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些，这时高级思维活动已经介入了。 雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3?4个小时。等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给1个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。 实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的80个字以1/300秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕”；一类是中性词，比如“船”。由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。 饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。 雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。” 第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”. “Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain”powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device. In other words, if there’s an “app”for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm. “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said. Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 词汇： pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放（音乐） scan v.扫描;浏览 skip v.轻跳，跳跃 sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;节奏 注释： 1. Georgia Tech:全称是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院，建于1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学齒是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTech)。 2. pump:不断播放(音乐）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。) 3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手机系统支持的 4. is billed as:相当于is advertised as，意为“被标榜为”。
2014职称英语《综合B》真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1.The group does not advocate the use of violence. A.support B.limit C.regulate D.oppose 2.His stomach felt hollow with fear. A.empty B.sincere C.respectful D.terrible 3.His professional career spanned 16 years. A.started B.changed C.moved https://www.doczj.com/doc/164137528.html,sted 4.His knowledge of French is fair. A.very useful B.very limited C.rather special D.quite good 5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A.disappointment B.excitement C.anger D.calm 6.It was a magic night until the spell was broken. A.charm B.time C.space D.opportunity 7.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A.parts
B.pains C.aspects D.results 8.He led a very moral life. A.human B.intelligent C.natural D.honorable 9.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A.discover B.prove C.consider D.imagine 10.Several windows had been smashed. A.cleaned B.replaced C.broken D.fixed 11.London quickly became a flourishing port. A.successful B.major https://www.doczj.com/doc/164137528.html,rge https://www.doczj.com/doc/164137528.html,mercial 12.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A.copy B.publish C.summarize D.furnish 13.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A.hidden B.traditional C.official D.inflexible 14.The majority of people around here are decent. A.real B.honest C.normal D.wealthy
https://www.doczj.com/doc/164137528.html,/ .375. School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime.Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks,crisps and chocolate bars.Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunch time. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found