小学四-六年级英语音标学习资料整理版
一、字母
字母顺序表
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff GgHh Ii JjKk Ll Mm NnOo Pp Qq Rr Ss TtUu Vv Ww Xx YyZz
字母的读音
二、语音
音素、音标的概念
(1)音素是记录英语语音的最小单位,英语共48个音素,20个元音,28个辅音。
(2)音标是记录音素的符号,现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分,常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。
音标的分类
记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
元音:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流在通过口腔时,不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音,里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
单元音:[i:] [i] [e][?][a:] [?][?:][?] [?:] [?][u:] [u]
双元音:[ai] [ei] [i?][?u][u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
辅音:辅音音标:分为清辅音和浊辅音,清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f][s] [θ][∫][t∫][tr][ts][h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v][z] [δ][з] [dz] [dз][dr] [m]
[n][?][l][r] [w] [j]
元音:
前元音:[i:] [i] [e][?]
[?][u:][u]
:]
后元音:[ɑ:] [?
中元音:[?] [?:] [?]
双元音:[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?][au] [ε?] [?i]
辅音:
爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d][k] [g]
鼻音:[m] [n][?]
摩擦音:[f][v] [s][z] [θ][e][∫][з]
[r] [h]
破擦音:[t∫][dз][tr][dr] [ts] [dz]
半元音:[w][j]
舌边音:[l]
前元音
[i:]
eat [i:t] 吃tea [ ti: ]茶peach[pi:t? ]桃
he [ hi:]他she [ ?i:]她beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉
jeep [ d?i:p]吉普车key [ ki: ] 钥匙meat [ mi:t ] 肉
cheap[ t?i:p] 便宜的
[i]
fish [ fi?] 鱼gym[ d?im ]健身房kid [ kid] 小孩fifth [fifθ ]第五sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹this [ eis]这个
is [ iz]是six[ siks ] 六pig [ pig ]猪
slipper[ 'slip?]拖鞋
[e]
desk[ desk ] 桌子pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔pen [ pen ]钢笔
dress[ dres ] 连衣裙red [ red ] 红色的eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一
bed [ bed ]床bread [bred]面包egg[ eɡ]蛋
yes [yes ] 是
[?]
bag [[b?g] ]包fan [ f?n ]风扇math[ m?θ ]数学
jacket[ 'd??kit ]夹克衫rabbit [ 'r?bit ]兔子apple [ '?pl]苹果
can [ k?n] 可以cabbage ['k?bid?] 卷心菜
中元音
[?]
young [ j??]年轻人funny [ 'f?ni]滑稽可笑的Monday['m?ndi]星期一Sunday['s?ndi]lunch [ l?nt? ]午餐under [ '?nd? ]在…下面
sometimes['s?mtaimz ]有时
[?:]?curtain[ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘her[h?:]她的skirt[ sk?:t ]裙子
shirt [ ??:t]衬衫girl [g?:l ]女孩nurse[ n?:s ]护士
thirty ['θ?:ti ]三十
[?]
today [ t?'dei ]今天mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子river [ 'riv?]河,江
summer[ 's?m?]夏季winter [ 'wint?] 冬季colour[ 'k?l?]颜色computer[ k?m'pju:t?]电脑kangaroo[ ,k?n g?'ru:]袋鼠
后元音
[ɑ:]
grass [grɑ:s]草smart[smɑ:t]聪明park [ pɑ:k]
公园
grandpa [ 'ɡr?ndpɑ:]爷爷classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室
farm [fɑ:m ]农田farmer [ 'fɑ:m? ]农夫
:]
bathroom[ 'bɑ:θrum] 卫生间are [ ɑ:]是?[?
floor[fl?: ]地板tall [ t?:l ]高的short [ ??:t ]不足
for[f?:]为了salty['s?:lti]咸的fall[f?:l ]秋天
walk [ w?:k ]走board [ b?:d ]木板wa ll [ w?:l ]墙
[?]
closet ['kl?zit ]壁橱forest[ 'f?rist ]森林because [bi'k?z ]因为
mom [m?m ]妈妈what [ hw?t]什么chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子
dog [ [d?ɡ]狗doctor [ d?kt?]医生sock [s?k ]袜子
[u:]
fruit [fru:t ]水果noon [nu:n ]中午kangaroo [ ,k?n g?'ru:]袋鼠
school [ sku:l ]学校blue[ blu: ]蓝色的cool [ ku:l ]凉爽的
shoe [ ?u: ]鞋子room [ ru:m ]房间soup [ su:p ] 汤
[u]
book [ buk] 书look [ luk ]看wood [ wud ]树林
classroom [ 'klɑ:srum]教室notebook[ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本
bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum] 卫生间bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室
双元音(一)
[ai]
kind [ kaind]和蔼的like [ laik ]喜欢why[ hwai] 为什么
quiet [ 'kwai?t ] 安静的Friday ['faidi ]星期五behind [bi'haind ]在…后面
July [dзu:lai]七月sometimes ['s?mtaimz ] 有时fly [flai ] 飞
fight [ fait ] 打架
[ei]
grape[greip ]葡萄lake[ leik]湖泊eight[ eit ]八
today[t?'dei ]今天they [eei]他们may[ mei ] 可以
name [ neim ]名字play [plei ]玩cake[ keik]蛋糕
snake[sneik ]蛇
[i?]
here [hi?]这里ear[i?]耳朵dear [ di?]亲爱的
near[ni?]近的really ['ri?li]真地
[?u]
old [?uld]老的tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐pota to[p?'teit?u ]土豆
tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服road [ r?ud ]马路
yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的
home [h?um ] 家
双元音(二)
[u?]
sour[ 'sau?] 酸的sure[?u?]当然可以
flower['flau?] 花
[au]
flower[ 'flau?]花house [ haus]房子about [ ?'baut ]关于
playground ['pleigraund]操场now [ nau ]现在mouth[mauθ ]嘴巴
cloud [ klaud ]云wow [ wau ] 哇mountain[ 'mauntin ]山
[ε?]
there [eε?]那里wear [wε?]穿着pair [ pε?]一双
yeah [ jε?]是chair[ t?ε?]椅子
[?i]
boy[ b?i ] 男孩toy [ t?i]玩具
noise [ n?iz ]噪音enjoy [in'd??i ]享受
爆破音
[p]
pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔pen [ pen ] 钢笔picture[ 'pikt?? ]照片
pants[p?nts]裤子play[ plei ]玩pear [ pε? ]梨
pig [ pig]猪potato[ p?'teit?u ]土豆park [ pɑ:k ]公园
please [ pli:z ]请
[b]
book [ buk]书boy[ b?i]男孩bed[ bed ]床
beef [ bi:f]牛肉bread [bred ]面包broth er['br?e? ]兄弟
board [b?:d ]木板big [ big]大的banana[ b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉
[t]
two [tu: ]二ten [ten ]十time [taim ]时间
today [ t?'dei ] 今天twelve[ twelv]十二twenty ['twenti]二十