河北大学2005年博士入学考试题
二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points）
Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1.When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard lay them______
A. Off
B. aside
C. out
D. down
2. A man who could ____such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength
A.bear upon
B. insist on
C. stand up to
D. persist in
3. If this method doesn’t ___, we shall have to think of another way.
A. come off
B. come about
C. come out
D. come on
4.The____ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition.
A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence
5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full __of its members at the conference.
A. dependence
B. absence
C. attendance
D. enrollment
6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, ___evil conducts, guide traffic and so on.
A. suppress
B. depress
C. frustrate
D. condemn
7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _____to have found him on the murder spot.
A. coincidence
B. accident
C. occasion
D. incident
8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____will down the economy.
A. knock
B. drag
C. settle
D. put
9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I____ my pocket calculator
A.turned over
B. turned to
C. turned in
D. turned out
10.The founding of the United Nations ____people’s longing for peace.
A.declared
B. announced
C. manifested
D. implied
11.The plan was ____when it was discovered just know much the scheme would cost.
A.released
B. desert
C. resigned
D. abandoned
12.Now and then I saw the captain _____the horizon for approaching ships.
A.scanning
B. scrutinizing
C. exploring
D. sweeping
13.Some economical people take food tins with them and carry the ____of the dinner home after a meal in a restaurant.
A.remains
B. remainder
C. left-over
D. rest
14.These classical literary works are ______of his originality as a writer.
A.exemption
B. exemplification
C. examination
D. execution
15. The neighbors do not consider him quite _____as most evenings he awakes them with his drunken singing.
A.respectful
B. respected
C. respectable
D. respective
16. “They had a quarrel with my brother yesterday”“____come?”A.What B. How C. Why D. Where
17. We resumed our work after the break with _____energy.
A. relieved
B. refined
C. renewed
D. reinforced
18.The shop lifter ran into the crow and _____from the sight of policemen.
A. vanished
B. escaped
C. melted
D. periled
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1616975860.html,st year, the West European States had a _____to talk about the political union.
A. convention
B. congress
C. assembly
D. conference
20.There exists in the United States at this time a powerful group of persons who are specializing in ____of crime on an organized scale.
A. quest
B. thirst
C. hunter
D. excess
三、Reading Comprehension (15points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternately with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The case. For example ,with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from fives days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping. during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shift are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spend neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal(夜间发生的)wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a night incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.
21.Why is the question” no mere academic one?”
A. Because Bonjer’s findings are different from Brown’s.
B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C. Because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.
D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
22.According to the passage , the main problem about night work is that_____.
A.people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts
B.your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back
C.not all industries work at the same hours
D.it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers
23.According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be_____.
A.not to change shifts from one week to the next
B.to make periods on each shifts longer
C.to employ people who will always work at night
D.to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly
24.In Paragraph2.”the third” means_____.
A. the third week
B. the third shift
C. a third of the time
D. the third routine
25.In the last sentence of Pragraph2, “another” means_____.
A. another routine
B. another shift
C. another week
D. another person
Passage Two
Man has become master of the earth’s surface. He is constantly probing into the earth’s depths and into the atmosphere’s upper reaches. Yet it is doubtful whether man, with all of its intelligence and forcefulness, hold his planetary seat with greater assurance than a vast tribe of small, many legged animals that pass their lives at his feet –spiders.
Spiders are among the marvels of science. They dwell at higher altitudes than any other creature of their size or larger. On the mountain sides of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two thousand feet ----five hundred feet above the vegetation line-lives a species of black spider only a quarter of an inch long. This is an incredible environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To protect themselves from the cold of night, they take shelter in
openings where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.
Spiders inhabit other unlikely places-rabbit burrows, flowers, anthills, and the deserted nests of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been discovered in an African cavern more than two thousand feet underground.
26.The author thinks that spiders.
A.rival man as master of the earth
B.are as firmly established on the earth than man
C.are more forceful than man
D.are more firmly established on the earth than man
27.The writer is amazed by the black spider’s______.
A.delicate construction
B.ability to live in such varied environments
C.unusual intelligence
D.ability to withstand extreme cold
28.Spiders “hold their planetary seat with assurance”because they are_____.
A.more numerous than any other species
B.able to adapt to hostile environments
C.master of the earth’s surface
D.all of the above
29.The species of black spiders discovered on Mount Hverest is_____.
A.the smallest species of spiders
B.the highest-altitude dweller among creatures of that size or larger
C.the only creatures that lives at that altitude
D.capable of surviving in any environment
30.From this passage, we may conclude that_____’
A.spiders have adapted to many unlikely environments
B.on the whole spiders are delicate creatures
C.a species of black spiders can live anywhere
D.spiders are the greatest marvel of natural science
Passage Three
During the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing and kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encourage by electronic mail’s surprising high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared date, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Any one with a personal computer, a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating though a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail and of course, land mail, It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous(异步的)(writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein. The physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist’s virtues. Physicist are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon- an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”
31.The reason given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage except_______.
A. direct and reliable
B. time-saving in delivery
C. money-saving
D. available at any time
32.How is the Internet or net explained in the passage?
A.Electronic routes used to read home and international journals.
B.Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.
C.Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping.
D.Electronic routines connected among millions of users, home and abroad.
33.What does the sentence “If is it not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication” most probably mean?
A.The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.
B.Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.
C.It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.
D.It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.
34.What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog,” imply in the last paragraph?
A.Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B.E-mail has become very popular.
C.Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D.E-mail deprives dogs of their owners’ love.
35.What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer?
A.Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.
B.They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.
C.Less and less people will use them.
D.They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.
四、Translate the following passage into Chinese (10 points)
The clusters of graceful palms, reflected deep in the placid expanse of the backwater, were silhouetted inky black against the sunset sky, aflame with clouds that were the color of gold and fire, and blood.
A slow breeze caused gentle ripples in the otherwise mirror like perfection of the island sea. The distant melodies of a fisherman’s flute—now a clear, shrill bird-like note, now a mere whisper—seemed to enhance, rather than shatter, the all-pervading stillness.
五、Writing（15 points）
Direction：For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection You should write at least 200 words.
How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and
Environmental Protection
湖北省博士研究生入学考试（非英语专业） 英语联合考试大纲 Ⅰ考试性质 湖北省博士研究生入学考试（非英语专业）英语联合考试，由湖北省部分博士研究生招生单位联合创办、湖北省教育考试院承办，它通过为我省高等学校、科研院所招收博士研究生提供英语科目的入学水平测试，检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段所需的英语水平和英语应用能力，为各高等学校、科研院所选拔优秀人才服务。因此，该考试应有较高的考试效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。 本项考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。 Ⅱ考试内容和要求 根据博士研究生招生单位对招收新生文化素质的要求，参照各博士招生单位制定的培养方案，并考虑研究生教育的实际，制订本学科的考试内容。 本考试共分五个部分：阅读理解（40 %）、完形填空（10 %）、英译汉（15 %）、汉译英（10%）、写作（25 %）。听力和口语可放在复试中进行。 第一部分阅读理解（Part I Reading Comprehension） 阅读理解部分主要测试考生在规定的时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定的速度。 本部分主要测试下述能力： 1. 掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和有关细节； 2. 对所读材料的内容进行正确的判断和推理； 3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系理解某些词和句子的意义； 4. 领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度。 阅读材料的选择原则： 1. 题材广泛，可以包括社会、文化、科普知识、史地、人物传记等。所涉及的背景知识应能为考生所了解；
2. 体裁多样，可包括叙事、议论、描述、说明、应用文等； 3.文章应有一定的难度。 共20题，每小题2分，总计40分。 阅读五篇文章，阅读量为2300-2500个单词。每篇文章后有4道选择题，共计20题。考生应根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 第二部分完形填空（Part II Cloze） 完形填空部分主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约150-180词）中留出20个空（第一句和最后一句不留空），每个空为一题，要求考生就所给篇章后所给各题的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的一个最佳答案。该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，总计10分。 第三部分英译汉（Part III E-C Translation） 英译汉部分主要测试考生在英语语篇水平理解基础之上对某些具体内容的准确理解并译成汉语的能力。测试的形式是从一篇约400-500词的短文中划出三句或三小段，要求考生译成汉语。测试内容为一般性或科普常识性的短文。译文须忠实于原文，表达正确，语言流畅。该部分共3小题，每小题5分，总计15分。 第四部分汉译英（Part IV C-E Translation） 汉译英部分主要测试考生将汉语译成英语的能力。测试内容为一般性或科普常识性的短文，总量为一篇130-160汉字的中文段落，内含6-8个汉语句子，要求考生译成英语。译文须忠实于原文，表达正确，无重大语言错误。该部分共1题，总计10分。 第五部分写作（Writing） 写作部分主要测试考生用英语书面表达思想的能力，要求其写出一篇150词左右的应用型短文和一篇200词左右的非应用型短文。应用型短文的形式可以是申请信、推荐信、个人陈述等，文中不应出现任何和考生相关的信息；非应用型短文的形式可以有命题作文，主题作文、图表作文等。应用型短文写作一般应有写作要求；非应用型短文写作一般提供写作提纲。应用型短文写作和非应用型短文写作均要求切题、能正确表达思想、无重大语言错误。该部分共2题，第一题为10分，第二题为15分，总计25分。 - 1 -
2015北京语言大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、北京语言大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力15分，20小题。 Part2：阅读理解40分，20小题。 Part3：翻译30分，短文内指定的5句话。 Part4：写作15分，150-200字左右。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/1616975860.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 客观题部分 请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！ II. Vocabulary (10 points) PartA (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ patriotism. A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated 6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria 7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools. A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived. A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed 9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.
湖北省八校 2015届高三第二次联考 英语试题 全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A方框涂黑。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。 3．完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用黑色墨水签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A policeman. 2. What will the man do? A. Change the plan. B. Wait for a phone call C. Sort things out. 3. What does the woman mean? A. She will not take any medicine. B. She hasn’t got a bad cold. C. She will take some medicine in a week. 4. What do we learn about the woman? A. Th e woman is planning a trip to Austin. B. The woman hasn’t been to Austin before. C. The woman doesn’t like Austin. 5.What can we learn from the conversation? A. The sign is not clear enough. B. The man wants to see the staff. C. The man is in the wrong place. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the two speakers talking about? A. A family holiday. B. A business trip. C. A travel plan. 7. Where did Rachel go?
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
中国人民大学博士入学考试考博试题真题 II. Vocabulary (10 points) PartA (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages
patriotism. A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 3. People innately ____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking < 9 in level lowest its to month, .last points 15> < D. plummeted C. mutated B. soared A.> < computers files destroyed that computer___ a is Melissa> < the around users of thousands frustrated> < disease vires genius < competition> < fabulous edible negligent >
河北大学2005年博士入学考试题 二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points） Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1.When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard lay them______ A. Off B. aside C. out D. down 2. A man who could ____such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength A.bear upon B. insist on C. stand up to D. persist in 3. If this method doesn’t ___, we shall have to think of another way. A. come off B. come about C. come out D. come on 4.The____ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition. A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence 5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full __of its members at the conference. A. dependence B. absence C. attendance D. enrollment 6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, ___evil conducts, guide traffic and so on. A. suppress B. depress C. frustrate D. condemn 7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _____to have found him on the murder spot. A. coincidence B. accident C. occasion D. incident 8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____will down the economy. A. knock B. drag C. settle D. put 9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I____ my pocket calculator A.turned over B. turned to C. turned in D. turned out 10.The founding of the United Nations ____people’s longing for peace.