岩土工程专业英语
Fossil化石
石灰岩limestone
石英quartz
管涌piping
大地工程geotechnical engineering
反分析法back analysis method 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics
土力学soil mechanics
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path
层理beding
地质年代geological age
断层 fault
Normal，reverse
断裂构造fracture structure
花岗岩 granite
滑坡 landslide
节理 joint
喀斯特 Karst
泥石流 "mud flow, debris flow" 砂岩 sandstone
岩爆 rock burst
岩层产状 attitude of rock
岩石构造 structure of rock
岩石结构 texture of rock
岩体 rock mass
页岩 shale
云母 mica
褶皱 "fold, folding"
饱和土 saturated soil
非饱和土 unsaturated soil
膨胀土 "expansive soil, swelling soil"
碎石土 "stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus"
未压密土（台） underconsolidated clay
伊利土 illite
原状土 undisturbed soil
不均匀系数"coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient"
干重度 dry unit weight
塑性指数 plasticity index
含水量"water content, moisture content"
达西定律 Darcy's law
渗流 seepage
渗透力 seepage force
渗透性 permeability 变形 deformation
变形模量 modulus of deformation
泊松比 Poisson's ratio
割线模量 secant modulus
剪胀 dilatation
蠕变 creep
塑性变形 plastic deformation
弹性变形 elastic deformation
有效应力 effective stress
最终沉降 final settlement
巴隆固结理论Barron's
consolidation theory
次固结 secondary consolidation
固结 consolidation
残余强度 residual strength
长期强度 long-term strength
单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension
test
峰值强度 peak strength
抗剪强度 shear strength
摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb
theory
内摩擦角angle of internal
friction
粘聚力cohesion
极限平衡状态state of limit
equilibrium
临塑荷载critical edge pressure
被动土压力passive earth pressure
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
主动土压力active earth pressure
毕肖普法 Bishop method
条分法slice method
土坡 slope
挡土墙 retaining wall
重力式挡土墙gravity retaining
wall
板桩结构sheet pile structure
锚固技术anchoring
管涌piping
基底附加应力net foundation
pressure
抗滑桩 anti-slide pile
摩擦桩 friction pile
群桩效应 efficiency of pile groups
复合地基 composite foundation
桩土应力比 stress ratio
地震烈度 earthquake intensity
不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial
test
塑限试验 plastic limit test
液限试验liquid limit test
十字板剪切试验vane shear test 现场渗透试验 field permeability
test 原位试验in-situ
soil test
岩石力学英语专业词汇 anchored cables 锚索 forces in cables 锚索中的力 An-isotropy 各向异性，有向性，非均质性 Anticline 背斜 向斜（syncline ） arch dams 拱坝 arch gravity dams 重力拱坝，拱形重力坝 Austrian method 奥地利施工法 NATM （New Austrian Tunnelling Method ） 新奥法 ~ for tunnel lining 奥地利隧道支护法 Basalt 玄武岩 Bedding joints 层理 Biotite 黑云母 Bolts (同rock bolts) 锚杆 bore holes 钻孔 brittle fracture of rock 岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂 Calcite 方解石 classification of rocks 岩石分类 rock slides 岩石滑动，岩石滑移 Sandstones 砂岩 Strain-stress curves 应力-应变曲线 Cobble 大卵石 collapse of tunnel roof or wall 隧道冒顶或片帮 Concrete 混凝土 contour diagrams 等高线图，轮廓线图 convergence in tunnels 隧道中的收敛 Coulomb （Coulomb-Mohr ）law of shear 库仑（库仑-莫尔）剪应力定律或准则 crushing of rock masses 岩石破碎 ~ round tunnels 隧道周围的岩体破碎 dam foundations 坝基础 density of rock 岩石密度 Displacements 位移 dynamic tests 动态试验 effective stress 有效应力 failure of rock 岩石破坏，岩石断裂 brittle failure, shear failure, tensile failure, visco-plastic failure 脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-塑形破坏 progressive failure of rock mass 岩体的渐进破坏 finite element method （f. e. m.）of numerical stress analysis 岩石应力分析的有限元方法 fissure in rock 岩石中的裂纹，岩石中的裂缝 fractures of rock 岩石断裂，岩石裂缝 Friction 摩擦 angle of Friction 摩擦角 hardness of rocks 岩石的硬度 horizontal stress 水平应力 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 in situ tests and measurements 现场试验与测量 International Society of rock mechanics 国际岩石力学协会，国际岩石力学学会 jack 千斤顶 ~ in toe of dam 位于坝趾的千斤顶 joint 节理 strength of ~ 节理强度 Jurassic rock 侏罗纪岩石 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 Macrofractures 宏观裂纹 Marble 大理石 Microfractures 微观破坏，、微观断裂 mining engineering 采矿工程 modulus of elasticity （Young modulus ）弹性模量（杨氏模量） Mohr circle 莫尔圆 moment ， 力矩 Mudstone 泥岩 Openings 峒室，巷道 circular ~ 圆形巷道，圆形峒室 Darcy ’s law for ~ 达西岩石渗水定律 permeability factor K 渗透性系数 Phyllite 千枚岩，硬绿泥岩 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质 plastic deformation of rock 岩石的塑性变形 Poisson ’s ratio 泊松比
pore pressure 孔隙压力 power stations 地下电站
pulvino (pressure distribution slab)压力分布板 rock quality designation 岩石质量指标 Quartz 石英
rate of loading 加载率
relaxation of rock masses 岩体的松弛 rock bolting 岩石锚杆，岩石锚杆支护 safety factor 安全系数 scale effect 尺寸效应 seismic wave tests on rock; on dam site 岩石的，坝址的地震波试验
shear stress剪应力
Shotcrete喷射混凝土
Slope斜坡，边坡
stability of ~边坡稳定性
sonic waves声波
Steel钢，钢材
arches of ~钢拱形支架
Survey测量
geological ~地质测量
geophysical ~地球物理测量
tensile strength抗拉强度
tension joint张节理，受拉接头triaxial compression test三轴压缩试验
Tunnels隧道，巷道
lining of ~隧道支护
vertical stress垂直应力
void ratio空隙比
volumetric strain-stress curve体积应变-应力曲线
water pressure水压
water table水位，地下水位
地震烈度 earthquake intensity 一:单词翻译
①strain-stress activ应力-应变活动②seepage 渗透③cohesion内聚力④the texture and structure 结构和构造⑤consolidation 固结⑥angle of meternal friction内摩擦角⑦geotechnical engineering岩土工
程⑧beding 层理⑨fault 断层⑩joint 节理11.fold褶皱 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1615886022.html,ndslide滑坡13.sandstone砂岩 14.illite 伊利土 15.Darcy’s law 达西定律 16.saturated soid 饱和土17.effective stress有效应力18.secondary consolidation次固结19. granite花岗岩 20.basalt玄武岩 21.marble大理岩22. passive earth pressure被动土压力23.earth pressure at rest静止土压力 24.active earth pressure主动土压力25.NATM新奥法26.RQD岩石质量系数 27.moment 力矩28.quaritz石英
29.void vatio 空隙比
30.couples力偶 31.failure破坏32.soil texture 土壤33.lining 支衬 34.bolts 锚钉35.cable 锚索 36.pile 桩
37.IAEG(international association of engineering geology) 国际工程
地质学会
38.ISRM(International Societv of Reconstructive
Microsurgery,Australia) 国际岩石力学学会
39. ASCE(The American Society of Civil Engineers) 美国土木工程师学会40.anticlines 背斜
41.synclines向斜
42.normal 正断层43.reverse 逆断层44.left-lateral 平移断层
环境与土木工程学院: College of Enviroment and Civil Engineering (Chengdu University of Technology )
压缩法、混成法．符号法和宇母象形法．合成法由相互独立的两个或更多的词合成得到新词派生法通过对词根加上各种前缀或后缀来
构成新词翻译过程一般经过三个阶段:理
解、表达、校对
a building project of high-rise apartment houses
高层公寓大楼的建筑项目
one of the common defects in tunnel maintenance
隧道养护中普遍存在的问题之一
二.简答或填空
1.三大检索 SCI(科学引文索引) EI(工程索引) ISTP(科技会议
录)
2.岩石边坡破坏类型四大类
①planar failure 极限平衡分析
（平面型）
②wedge failure 赤平投影法
③rotational 条分法（圆弧型）
④toppling 数值计算 3.岩土工程三门专业基础课 工程地质engineering geology 岩石力学rock mechanics 土力学oil mechanics 4.摘要四大部分 报道性摘要(informative abstract) (2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract) 报道-指示性摘要(informative- indicative abstract) ①背景信息，目的陈述what I want to do? ②方法论和语法how ido it ③研究结果/发现 what results did I get and conclusions can I draw? ④研究所带来的启示/结论what is and original this paper 5.岩土工程专业英语特点客观性（Objective ）、准确性（accuracy ）和精练性(conciseness) ①广泛使用被动语态①mathematics is used in many different fields, ②People use mathematics in many different fields, ②广泛使用非谓语形式The signal should be filtered before it is amplified. The signal should be filtered before being amplified ③省略句使用频繁If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. ④It 句型和祈使句使用频繁 ⑤复杂长句使用频繁It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part ⑥后置形容词短语作定语多（of ） 省略句使用频繁 As already discussed 前已讨论If so 倘若如此 As previously mentioned 前已提到 When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 Where possible 在可能的情况下 As explained before 前已解释 As described above 如上所示 If possible (necessary)如果可能 （必要）
6.地层产状要素 strike(走向) dip(倾角) dip direction(倾向)
7.岩石圈的演化过程 igneous rock(岩浆岩) metamorphic(变质岩) sedimentary(沉积岩) 三，句子翻译 1.a building project of high-rise apartment house. 高层公寓大楼的建筑项目 2.one of the common defects in tunnel maintenance 隧道养护中的普遍存在的问题之一 3.the forces keeping the beam stranght must,by a fundamental law of statics, equal the load tending to fold it up. 根据静力学原理，使梁保持平直的力必定等于将其压弯的荷载 4.about one third of all accidents happen when it is dark ,although obriously there is more traffic during daytime 大约三分之一的事故发生在黑夜，尽管明显有更多的交通事故发生在白天 5.such construction procedure can increase producticity over 3 times 这种程序可以提高生产力的3倍以上 6.the production cost has reduced four times 生产成本降低了四倍
四：英文摘要填空
The results with high precision are hard to achieve rapidly by means of conventional method such as theoretical analysis and numerical calculation; slope engineering is a highly complicated nonlinear system. A new prediction method based on Gaussian process (GP), as a probabilistic
kernel leaning machine and a powerful tool for solving highly nonlinear problems,is proposed for slope stability evaluation. The GP model for slope stability evaluation is established and applied to the practical engineering. The results show that the method can find the nonlinear mapping relationship between classifications of slope stability and influencing factors easily. Furthermore, the reasonable, reliable and probabilistic results of slope stability evaluation can be obtained quickly by using the method. In conclusion, the method is feasible, effective and simple to implement slope stability evaluation and to provide a new way for fast design of slope engineering.
针对边坡工程是复杂的非线性系统，采用常规的理论分析和数值计算方法难以满
足对边坡稳定性评价的高精度与快速性的要求，为此，提出对处理非线性复杂问
题具有很好的适应性一种有概率意义的核学习机—高斯过程机器学习方法来解
决边坡稳定性的合理评价问题，建立了相应的边坡稳定性预测模型。工程应用研
究结果表明，采用高斯过程机器学习方法进行边坡稳定性评价是科学可行的，该
方法能很好地表达边坡稳定性与各影响因素之间的非线性映射关系，能方便快捷
地给出合理可靠且具有概率意义的边坡稳定状态评价结果，为实现边坡快速设计
的工程实践要求提供了一条新的途径。
Recent scientific work demonstrates a positive association between social support and health; empirical evidence consistently shows higher mortality rates for persons with fewer social relationships. Despite this evidence, the quality of social support on health outcomes remaixts largely unexplored. The present study addresses this gap in the literature
by ex-amining positive and negative aspects of diabetes-specific social support as it relates to glucose control among 116 young adults with Type
1 diabetes. This study further examines self-care as an explanatory variable in this relation. Results indicate that increased negative social support reliably predicts worse glucose control and that this relation is mediated by self-care. This pattern of results was marginal
for total social support and insignificant for positive social support.
研究背景
回顾研究背景常用词汇有：review, summarize, present, outline, describe 等。
[1] Several researchers have theoretically investigated that……
[2] The precious work on archeology has indicated that……
[3] In most studies of (teaching methods) have been emphasised with attention being given to ……
[4] There have been a few studies highlighting …while……
研究目的
阐明写作或研究目常用词汇有：purpose, attempt, aim等。另外还可以用
动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。如：
介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围常用的词汇有：study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis,attention 等。
[1] This thesis is intended to explore the major technical challenges facing …..
[2] This system is designed for …… to help them …….
[3] This thesis concerns the design [of a special project] about [choosing
a site for school buldings]
[4] This thesis attempts to explain ……
[5] The purpose of this thesis is to improve ……
[6] The primary goal of this research is to …… method for …..
[7] The intention of this paper is to surrey …… put forward
by……in the last annual conference.
[8] The overall objective of this study is to introduce …… being wildly debated in ……
[9] The chief aim of the present work is to investigate ……
研究方法&工具
介绍研究或试验过程常用词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。
介绍应用、用途常用词汇有：use, apply, application等。
[1] This project proposes to use …established methods for ….
[2] The project introduces the fundamental principles and …… concepts of MTS
[3] This report describes how to use FAL C3D program in ……
[4] The method used in our study is known as ……
[5] The procedure can be briefly described as ……
研究结果
展示研究结果常用词汇有：show, result, present等。
[1] The research we have done suggests an increase in ……
[2] Our experimental data are briefly summarized as follows:
[3]Some of the author's findings are listed in the tables described in
a separate paper.
[4] Sufficient results for (greener house) have been observed with the new method we depicted above.
[5] Most recent experiments to the same effect have led the authors to believe that the result is the most accurate so far.
[6] This fruitful work gives an explanation of …...
结论
阐明论证常用词汇有：support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。
介绍结论常用词汇有：summary, introduce, conclude等。
推荐和建议常用词汇有：suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
[1] In conclusion, the results show that ……
[2] These findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion that…...
[3] To sum up, we have revealed that …...
[4]We have demonstrated in this paper that ( the finite element method can be programmed …...
Slope stability analysis of any natural or artificial slope aims at determining the factor of safety of the slip surface that possesses the lowest factor of safety. In this study, an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is developed to solve this factor-of-safety minimization problem. Factors of safety of slip surfaces are found by using t he Morgenstern–Price method, which satisfies both force and moment
equilibrium. Nonlinear equations from the Morgenstern–Price method are solved numerically by the Newton–Raphson method. In the proposed ACO algorithm, the initiation point and the shape of the slip surface are treated as the search variables. The proposed heuristic algorithm represents slip surfaces as piecewise-linear curves and solves for the optimal curve yielding the minimum factor of safety. To demonstrate its applicability and to investigate the validity and effectiveness of the algorithm, four examples with varying complexity are presented.The obtained results are compared with the available literature and are found to be in agreement
大学英语（本科）18本科各专业复习资料 I. Vocabulary & Structure 1. After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind _______ the police could find her lost child. A. how B. that C. where D. whether 2. Energy is _________ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything 3. We’d like to do _______ we can _________ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help 4. My parents used ________they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which B. all what C. what D. 不填 5.We give them quizzes(测试) on Britain and allow them to the Net. A. surf B. where C. save D. address 6.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 7.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 8.They talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 9.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 10. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 11. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______ they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what 12. She’d like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 13. ---If you are admitted to a key university, _________ as a prize? --- I’m looking for a cell phone. A. What you expect your father will offer you B. Do you expect what your father will offer you C. What do you expect will your father offer you D. What do you expect your father will offer you 14. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as
2011年全国成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 北京地区 2011.11.05 注意事项 一、本场考试时间为上午9：00——11：00. 二、考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹签字笔填写自己的准考证号、姓名和学校，再 用2B铅笔把对应准考证号码的标号涂黑。 三、请考生仔细阅读题目的说明。 四、答案必须按要求写在答题卡规定的位置上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 五、答题时，PartⅠ至Part Ⅳ部分用2B铅笔按示例填涂，如：■[B][C][D]，用 其他符号答题者不记分。修改时，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按要求重 新作答。 六、PartⅤ部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，超出黑色矩 形边框区域的答案无效。 PartⅠReading Comprehension （30%） Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 ： Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage The reflective towers of New York City，which is on the Atlantic migrating （迁徙的）route ，can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass，”said https://www.doczj.com/doc/1615886022.html,urel，an architect.（76）“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.”About 90，000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often，they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds，after habitat（栖息地）loss，with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year. （77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade，so，too，have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council， a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings，will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process. There are no easy fixes，however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals，but they are still in their infancy. Covers，dot patterns，shades and net are the main options available. Often，only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don‘t necessarily have to treat every window，”https://www.doczj.com/doc/1615886022.html,urel said. “It would be too
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
成人本科学士学位英语考试词汇重点[成人三级英语] 1. abide by（=be faithful to ； obey）忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…。缺席，不在 3. absence or mind（=being absent-minded）心不在焉 4. absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ； be lost in ； be rapt in ；be concentrated on ； be focused on ； be centered on 5. （be） abundant in（be rich in； be well supplied with）富于，富有 6. access （to）（不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解 7. by accident（=by chance， accidentally）偶然地，意外。 Without accident（=safely ）安全地， 8. of one's own accord（=without being asked； willingly； freely）自愿地，主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one's accord with 同…。不一致 10. with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地 11. in accordance with （=in agreement with）依照，根据 12. on one's own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 2）（=at one's own risk）自行负责 3）（=by oneself）依靠自己 on account 赊账； on account of 因为； on no account不论什么原因也不；of …account 有………重要性。 13. take…into account（=consider）把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由） 15. account for （=give an explanation or reason for）解释，说明。 16. on account of （=because of）由于，因为。 17. on no account（=in no case， for no reason）绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装） 18. accuse…of…（=charge…with； blame sb. for sth. ； blame sth. on sb. ； complain about）指控，控告 19. be accustomed to （=be in the habit of， be used to）习惯于。 20. be acquainted with（=to have knowledge of）了解；（=to have met socially ）熟悉 21. act on 奉行，按照…行动； act as 扮演； act for 代理
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.