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2010年11月北京成人高考英语三级真题详细解析

2010年11月北京成人高考英语三级真题详细解析
2010年11月北京成人高考英语三级真题详细解析

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2010年11月北京成人高考英语三级真题解析https://www.doczj.com/doc/157642171.html, 2010-11-9 网络2010年下半年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语(成人三级英语)于11月6日进行。考试已经结束,新浪教育频道特别邀请北京地区成人本科学位英语统一考试辅导专家刘本政老师,为广大考生对2010年下半年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语考试进行真题点评。以下为刘老师对本次考试各部分的详细解析。

第一部分阅读理解

第一篇阅读

一、文章大意与结构分析

本文是一篇关于考古发现的说明文。首先讲述了“archaeology”(考古学)一词的来源,论及考古学家和历史学家在对待历史材料上的不同需求。接下来叙述了一具名为“Lindow Man”且保存完好的古尸的发现过程及对尸体身份和死因的猜测。

二、试题解析

1.【答案】B。细节题。根据原文第一段第一句话可知,“archaeology”一词源于希腊语。因此可答案选择B。

2.【答案】D。细节题。根据“these”一词的上下语境可判断,该词是指上句话中的“objects left behind by the humans of long ago”,很久以前人们留下来诸如骨头、石头和金属之类的物体,因此答案选择D。

3. 【答案】D。细节题。根据文章第四段的“he was in a very watery environment”和“the water in the bog was very acidic”,可知是由于充满水的环境以及水里面的酸使尸体保存比较完好,因此答案选D。

4. 【答案】B。细节题。根据文章第三段可知“Lindow Man”是bog沼泽的名称,故A 错;“Lindow Man”是两个施工中的男子发现,故C错;根据最后一段,可知“Lindow Man”是一个很少做体力活的富人,故D错;而从第一段中,可得知B对。

5. 【答案】C。主旨题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要介绍了“Lindow Man”这一考古学上的惊人发现,而非讲述考古学的概念,也非考古学与历史的关系或“Lindow Man”的死因,因此ABD均为以偏概全。

三、长难句分析

1. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago。直译:然而,大多数历史学家使用诸如信函、油画和照片之类的纸质证据,而考古学家则从很久以前人类留下的物体获取信息。

该句较长,而且还要联系下文对objects进行详解,然而只要能把握作者对比历史学家和考古学家的意图,就比较容易理解。

2.It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. 直译:这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿多水的环境中,免受了需要氧气才能存活的细菌的侵扰。

此句难点在于safe from,它是一个固定短语,意为“不遭受…”。

四、核心词汇

1. evidence证据

2. despite尽管

3. preserve保存

4. manual体力的

五、全文翻译

“考古学”一词像其他的学术词汇一样,是来自于希腊语,意思大致为“研究旧的东西”。所以,它是历史研究的一部分。然而,大多数历史学家使用诸如信函、油画和照片之类的纸质证据,而考古学家则从很久以前人类留下的物体获取信息。一般这些物体是不容易分解或者消失的硬东西,比如说人的骨头、石头和金属制作的东西。

通常除了这些硬东西,很少能再发现其他的东西,因为空气中的细菌常常会腐蚀掉尸体、衣服和木制品之类的软东西。不过偶尔也会有例外。

1984年,在英格兰北部一个叫做“Lindow Moss”的沼泽地区,两个男子正在施工的时候有一个惊人的发现。该沼泽是一个浸满水的地域,上面长了很多植物,可以比作一碗很大很稠的汤——一一旦你走错了地方就会沉下去并永远消失。两个人正在施工时,其中一个人看见一个从水中翘起来的东西——一个人脚!于是他们就报了警,警察来之后发现了其余的尸体。这是一件谋杀案吗?也许,但是这个“案件”差不多是两千年前的事儿了。他们发现的这具尸体是古罗马入侵英国时留下的。尽管尸体已经很久远,但还是保留着皮肤,肌肉,毛发和内脏。科学家们甚至可以看到男子胃的内部,以及里面最后一次所吃的食物。

为什么这具尸体保存如此完好?这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿多水的环境中,免受了需要氧气才能存活的细菌的侵扰。而且沼泽里面的水呈酸性,正如用酸保存皮革和皮鞋一样,水里面的酸使男子的皮肤得以完好无损。

他又是怎么死去的呢?考古学家和科学家们理所当然地都想知道这个被他们称为“Lindow Man”男子的更多信息。他的手和手指甲表明他在生活中没有干过重体力活——他生前可能是一个富人。他们发现该男子不是死于一个意外事件,考过学家们进一步认为该男子实际上是被献祭给三个不同的神灵。

第二篇阅读

一、文章大意与结构分析

本文主要讲述了一项研究:城市会给人的大脑造成负面的影响以及城市设计者怎样通过更好更接近于自然的设计来减少这种消极的影响。

二、试题解析

6. 【答案】B。主旨题,根据文章大意,讲的是城市生活影响我们的大脑,因此选B The city hurts your brain。

7. 【答案】C。猜测词义的题,根据上文一直在讲the city的种种好处,可知此处metropolis 也是city的意思。

8. 【答案】D。根据文章第二段Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing可知,人们开始认识到城市的环境对人体大脑的损害,因此选择D。

9. 【答案】A。文章第三段第一句One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain,定语从句修饰nature,说它是对大脑有益的,紧接着举了医院病人看到更多的树而康复更快的例子,因此本题选A。

10. 【答案】C。细节题,根据文章倒数第二段For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities大多数人开始生活在城市,可知C the earth’s population is more urban than rural是正确的。

三、长难句分析

1. While it’s long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that citied actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so。直译:尽管很久以来人们就认为城市生活会令人精疲力竭,而新的研究表明城市会使我们的思维迟钝,有时候会极其明显。

注意句子的拆分和主干的提取。

2. In recent years, it’s become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think。直译:近些年来,如此非自然的环境和我们的身心健康问题的重要干系也越来越彰显,它可以强有力地改变我们思考的方式。

it’s become clear that……注意句子的拆分,再逐句理解。

四、核心词汇

1. gather聚集

2. examine 检查

3. affect影响

4. reduce减少,降低

5. lack缺少

6. demonstrate证实

7.alter 改变

8.negative 消极的

五、全文翻译

城市一直以来都是知识生活的发动机,从18世纪英国的咖啡馆,公民们聚集在那里讨论化学和政治,到现代巴黎的左岸酒吧,毕加索在那里谈论着现代艺术。没有城市,也许我们就没莎士比亚的伟大艺术。

然而,城市的生活不易!现在很多科学家们已经发现城市对人脑有着消极的影响,最后使人们消沉沮丧。他们发现生活在城市的环境里会损害我们的基本神智运转。如在一条拥挤的城市街道上待上几分钟后,大脑记忆能力不如从前,自我控制能力也减弱了。尽管很久以来人们就认为城市生活会令人精疲力竭,而新的研究表明城市会使我们的思维迟钝,有时候会极其明显。

作怪的主要力量是城市彻底缺乏自然环境,而自然环境恰恰是对大脑大有裨益的因素。这已经得到研究的证明,假如医院中的病人能从窗户看到树木将会恢复的更快,又如住在公屋中的女子当能遥望草坪时候,精神会更容易集中。即使对自然环境的种种一瞥就可以提高大脑的运作,看来正是因为这些一瞥就可以让人们从城市的生活中暂得休歇。

这项研究来的正是时候,因为人类跨越着重要的里程碑——历史上第一次大部分的人居住在城市。水泥丛林取代了开阔的旷野,我们不得不挤居其中,这里有繁忙的交通,也杂陈着百万计的陌生人。近些年来,如此非自然的环境和我们的身心健康问题的重要干系也越来越彰显,它可以强有力地改变我们思考的方式。

这项研究也使一些科学家涉足到城市设计的领域,因为他们试图藉此寻找到减少大脑损害的方法。好消息是即使是细微的改变,例如在市中心种更多的树或者多建一些植物种类更丰富的市区公园,都能显著减少城市生活消极的影响。我们的大脑需要大自然的呵护,即使那么一点点,也大有裨益。

第三篇阅读

一、文章大意与结构分析

本文介绍了一项新的研究表明母乳喂养和患糖尿病之间的关系,描写了研究的各个方面以及呼吁母亲们进行母乳喂养。

二、试题解析

11. 【答案】D。根据文章第一段“Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe”,可知她的研究使人们更容易信服,即D选项“more reliable”。

12. 【答案】A。根据文章第二段“But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth”可知,从未进行过母乳喂养的母亲患糖尿病的几率是最大的,因此选A。

13. 【答案】C。文章第三段开头一句While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better符合C选项的意思。

14. 【答案】A。moms-to-be的意思就是“准妈妈们”,因此选A“怀孕的女性”。

15. 【答案】B。主旨题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要介绍母乳喂养和患糖尿病之间的关系,及B Breastfeeding May Lower Moms’Diabetes Risk母乳喂养降低母亲患糖尿病几率。

三、长难句分析

1. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. 直译:但是从来没有进行过母乳喂养的母亲患病几率几乎是从未生育过女性的两倍。

本句主要理解其中倍数的表达,把握其中两个部分的倍数关系,便掌握其重点了。

2. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy(怀孕) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. 直译:她常常建议(在怀孕期间)患糖尿病的女性说她们以后还有患2型糖尿病的风险,并且建议她们进行母乳喂养。

本句主干:She often gives advice……that……and suggests……,that后指代的是advice的内容,前面有由who引导的定语从句。

四、核心词汇

1. reduce 降低,减少

2. according to根据

3. evaluate评估

4. similar相同的,相似的

5. recommend推荐

6.inspire 鼓舞,鼓励

五、全文翻译

根据最新的一个研究,进行母乳喂养一个月或者更长时间有助于减少女性在后期生活中患糖尿病的风险。据研究者Eleanor Schwarz说,母乳喂养和糖尿病之间的关系在其他的一些研究中也有报道过。但是,她的研究使什么更容易相信这种联系。她的研究发表在了美国的一家医学期刊上。Schwarz和她的同事们研究了关于母乳喂养的数据。他们评估了来自加利福尼亚州的2233位女性的数据。其中,405位不是母亲,1125位是进行母乳喂养至少一个月的母亲,703位是从来没进行过母乳喂养的母亲。他们年龄在40到78岁之间。

根据Schwarz的研究,用母乳喂养至少一个月或更长的女性患2型糖尿病的几率与从未生育过的女性是一样的。但是从来没有进行过母乳喂养的母亲患病几率几乎是从未生育过女性的两倍。没有进行过母乳喂养的女性患病几率是进行母乳喂养一到三个月的女性的1.4倍,Schwarz发现。

尽管一个月的母乳喂养就会起作用,Schwarz说,但是时间越长越好。先前的研究表明母亲用母乳喂养的时间越长,她身体获得的益处会越多。许多专家建议进行母乳喂养六

个月,继续坚持到一年,她说。

腹部脂肪可以解释母乳喂养和糖尿病之间的这种联系。不进行母乳喂养的母亲,当她们岁数变大时,可能会产生更多腹部脂肪,因为母乳喂养会帮助新妈妈们减轻体重。“随着你年龄的增长,腹部脂肪会增加你患糖尿病的几率”,她说。

这项发现并不令人意外,Kimberly Gregory说。她常常建议(在怀孕期间)患糖尿病的女性说她们以后还有患2型糖尿病的风险,并且建议她们进行母乳喂养。新的发现将会鼓舞Gregory更加鼓励准妈妈们以后进行母乳喂养。她总是很关注带给婴儿的好处。

第二部分词汇与结构

16.选C,考察宾语从句连接词,主句谓语动词think over后面缺宾语,后面的宾语从句谓语动词said后面也缺少宾语,所以用what引导。

17.选D,考察现在完成时用法,常和yet连用,D是完成时态,表示从上周到现在一直没有得到答复,符合题意。

18.选B,考察非谓语动词作介词宾语,非谓语动词invite与主语之间是被动的逻辑关系,因为“没被邀请参加晚会”这个动作发生在谓语felt之前,所以用完成时,否定词not要置于ing前面

19.选B,考察倒装句用法,否定词on no account放在句首,句子要倒装,所以只能在B和D中选,但D出现谓语动词be原形不对。

20.选D,考察强调句,it is …that…,这句话还原为陈述句:it is what that makes them so unhappy。

21.选D,考察动词词义,A被写,B被给予,C被包裹,D被送往,只有D答案符合题意

22.选C,考察过去分词作原因状语,这里的非谓语动词watch和he之间是被动的逻辑关系,因为被一大群观众看着,他才感到很紧张不知道说什么好。

23.选C,考察差几个短语的意思,A作为交换,B代替,顶替,C作为回报,D特别地,由其。只有C符合题意。

24选C,考察几个动词的词义,A。猜想,认为,B假设,猜想,C使相信;使确信,D准许;答应给予。只有C符合题意,assure sb that从句“使某人确信。。。”

25选D,考察几个形容词词义,A危险的,B优雅的,C温和的,D拼命的,只有D符合题意。

26选B,考察几个动词短语的意思,A脱掉,(飞机)起飞,B出发,动身,C建立,

建造,,D拿起,占去(时间/空间),只有B符合题意,

27.选D,考察几个动词的词义,A编,织;织成,B利用,使用,C显示;露出,D看起来像。只有D符合题意

28选A,考察几个形容词词义,A友好的,友善的,B怀有敌意的,不友善的,C 多产的,富饶的,D结构复杂的。只有A符合题意。

29.选B,考察几个副词的用法和词义,A只,仅仅,B几乎,C仅仅,只是,D 几乎不,只有B符合题意。

30.选D,考察几个名词的意思,A意见,B想法,观点,C哭,喊,D描述,报道,只有D符合题意。

31.选C,考察几个动词短语的意思,A增加,加强,B照料,照顾,C促成,导致,D适用于,用于。只有C符合题意。

32.选D,考察固定搭配,make contacts with sb意思是“和某人来往”

33选C,考察连词和介词的用法,although和though是连接词,引导让步状语从句,而despite是介词,后面接名词或短语,固定搭配have…in common的意思是“有。。。共同点”

34选B,考察时间状语的连接词,根据题意是说“科学家们说大概要等5到6年,这种药才会在人类身上试验。”before引导时间状语从句,表示“在。。。之前”

35选D,考察动词stand和介词搭配的词义,A起身,站起来B站在旁边;袖手旁观,C代表,D 突出,脱颖而出,只有D符合题意。

36.选D,考察几个名词词义,A原因,起因,B结果,C理由,D影响,只有D 符合题意

37.选C,考察定语从句引导词用法,,先行词是是物,所以用that 或which,但当前面有only修饰时,只能用that引导,在后面的定语从句中作主语,因为主语是one of the laundries单数,所以从句的谓语动词也要用单数形式。

38.选C,考察省略句的用法,后面的if引导的是条件状语从句,完整的形式是:Skating can be good for you if it is done correctly。后面的it指代的是前面的skating,

39选A,考察过去完成时用法,因为前面出现了by the end of the last week,说明谓语动词动作发生在过去的过去,所以用had registered已经注册

40选A,考察冠词的用法,不定冠词a表示任何一个,定冠词the 表特指,前面一个空表示任意举出的一个事件event,后面特指中国和而过之间的关系relationship

41.选D,考察定语从句的引导词,固定短语succeed in …表示在。。。方面取得成功,D where=in which。

42.选C,形容词做伴随状语,表示the little girl的状态

43选C,考察几个形容词比较级的意思,A更深的,更深刻的,B更慢的,C更进一步的,更深层次的,D更高的,只有C符合题意。

44选A,考察省略if的虚拟语气,主句谓语动词是would have done,表示事实与过去作比较,所以从去要用过去完成时had done,省略if后要倒装,把had提前。

45.选D,考察as if引导虚拟语气,主句时态是过去时,表示是与过去事实作比较,所以从句用过去完成时had happened,因为happen是不及物动词,所以没有被动语态,只能用主动形式表被动。

第三部分挑错

46选D,应该改为does it,考察反义疑问句用法,在主从复合句中,如果主句是I think/believe/suppose…。时,反问疑问句部分要与前面宾语从句主谓保持一致,因为前面是否定,所以后面应该为肯定,且前面从句谓语动词has是实义动词“有”的意思,不是助动词

47选C,应该为may we, 考察倒装句用法,后面that引导的宾语从句有否定词under no circumstances“在任何情况下都不”,所以从句主谓要倒装

48选B,应该为that,考察同位语从句,用that引导,that在后面的从句中不做任何成分

49选A,应该为having waited,考察非谓语动词用法,动词不定式表目的和将来,动名词ing表主动,这里是说“老人排了半小时队后突然意识到之前把钱包落到车上了”,主句谓语动词realized用得是过去时,而“等着排队”这个动作是主动发生且发生在谓语动词动作之前,所以用ing的完成时。

50选B,应该为such, 考察so和such的不通用法,so 后面只能接形容词,而such 后面要接名词或名词短语。

51选D,应该为those,考察代词的用法,这里的those指代的是前面提到的hospitals,是复数,所以不能用that

52选C,应该为doing,考察比较状语从句中的平行结构,前后比较的成分的结构要一致,前面用by using a computer,所以rather than后面也要用现在分词doing

53选B

54选B,应该为to be solved,考察非谓语动词作定语,因为问题需要被解决,而不是自己主动解决,所以用动词不定的被动形式

55选B,应该为more,考察比较结构,the +adj/adv比较级…,the + adj/adv比较级,表示“越。。。,越。。。”most是最高级,所以不对。

第四部分完形填空

一、文章大意与结构分析

文章介绍了古埃及人的医术,描绘了古埃及人是怎样对生病的受伤的人进行治疗的。

二、试题解析

56. 【答案】A。考察宾语从句的引导词,因此选择what。

57. 【答案】C。考察连接词,根据句意“尽管许多治疗方法都包含着巫术在里面,但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法治疗疾病”,选择转折关系although。

58. 【答案】B。治疗许多“疾病”diseases。

59. 【答案】B。表示紧密联系closely related。

60. 【答案】A。考察动词词义,train训练,培养。

61. 【答案】C。考察动词短语,care for sb。照顾,照料……。

62. 【答案】D。根据句意,病人的隐私是高度机密的,说明病人是受到尊敬的,选择respect“尊敬,尊重”。

63. 【答案】D。个人信息、隐私personal information。

64. 【答案】C。考察定语从句引导词,前面是the goddess Sekhmet,指人,用who。

65. 【答案】A。serve the god/goddess侍奉神明。

66. 【答案】D。根据句意,医生们被认为和神明很亲近,选择close,近的。

67. 【答案】B。当一个人生病的时候……,选择when。

68. 【答案】C。考察动词短语意思,call for a doctor邀请一个医生。

69. 【答案】D。根据下文,下文提到难治的病,这里就应该说的是“明显的”问题是怎么治疗的,选择obvious明显的。

70. 【答案】B。考察动词词义,discover发现,如果病因没有被“发现”。

71. 【答案】A。考察动词词组,bring about带来,引起。

72. 【答案】C。根据句意,偶尔会查不出病因,occasionally偶尔,间或符合题意。

73. 【答案】B。考察固定搭配,in this case在这种情况下。

74. 【答案】A。根据句意,病人被要求休息一段时间直到进行另外的检查,因此选择until。

75. 【答案】B。考察动词词义,perform实施,执行。

三、长难句分析

Although many of the treatments included magic, ancient Egyptians used plant leaves and other methods to treat many diseases。直译:尽管许多治疗方法都包含着巫术在里面,但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法来治疗许多疾病。

这是一个表示转折关系的复句,把握上下文的句意,就能很快分析出这个复句分句间的关系。

四、核心词汇

1.include 包括

2. standard 标准

3. control 控制

4.heal 治愈

5.curse 诅咒

6.examination检查

五、全文翻译

我们对古埃及的医术有着很深的认识。我们发现了那些医师的手册,它们告诉我们他们是怎样治疗病人和伤者的。尽管许多治疗方法都包含着巫术在里面,但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法来治疗许多疾病。

宗教,巫术和医学在古埃及是紧密相连的。一些牧师经过特殊训练成为医生来照顾生病的,受伤的人。医生们是受很高的道德标准要求的。病人们受到尊敬,他们的个人信息都是高度保密的。那些等级最高的医生是信奉控制疾病的女神Sekhmet的牧师。医生们每年要花一些时间侍奉这个女神。人们认为医生们是离神明很近的,因此可以请求神明治愈疾病。

神庙是治疗疾病的中心。当一个人生病了,他可以去神庙,也可以邀请一位医生来给他诊断。一些明显的问题用医药,祷告和巫术来治疗。如果没有发现清楚的病因,诊断结果就是这是由恶魔或者诅咒引起的疾病。医生会用巫术咒语来作为治疗方法。偶尔也会得不出诊断结果,在这种情况下,医生会要求病人休息一阵子,等到可以进行下一次检查为止。

第五部分英译汉

76 这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿多水的环境中,免受了需要氧气才能存活的细菌的侵扰。

77 他的手和手指甲表明他在生活中没有干过重体力活——他生前可能是一个富人。

78 在一条拥挤的城市街道上待上几分钟后,大脑记忆能力不如从前,自我控制能力也减弱了。

79 好消息是即使是细微的改变,例如在市中心种更多的树或者多建一些植物种类更丰富的市区公园,都能显著减少城市生活消极的影响。

80 先前的研究表明母亲用母乳喂养的时间越长,她身体获得的益处会越多。

汉译英

81 There is a table under the big tree in front of the house。

82 He started to learn English when he was 27.

83 Globalization is also changing the way people live。

84 I have seen this film for several times。

85 This is the house where he lived five years ago。阅读使人快乐,成长需要时间

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